Chapter 20 – Geometric Progressions

Exercise 20.1
Question 1.
Show that each one of the following progressions is a G.P
also, find the common ratio in each case:
(i) 4, -2, 1, − , … ..

(ii)
O T IS
, -6, -54 …….
N A D
,

CO N
(iii) a , …..
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(iv) , , , … … ..
ED PR

Solution:
(i) 4, -2, 1, − ….
©

Let a = 4 , b = -2 , c = 1
In GP
B2 = ac
(-2)2 = 4(1)
4=4
D

So, the common ratio = r = =

(ii) , -6, -54 …….

Let a = b = -6 , c = -54
In GP,
B2 = ac
(-6)2 = × −54
36 = 36
So, the common ratio = r = = -6 × =9

O T IS
,
(iii) a ,
N A D …..

CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let a = a , b = ,
In GP,
ED PR

B2 = ac

= ×
©

So, the common ratio = r = = =

, , , … … ..
D

(iv)

Let a = , = , =
In GP,
B2 = ac
 = ×
1 1
=
9 9
!

So, the common ratio = r = ! = ×2=

Question 2.
, n ∈ N is a G.P
O T IS #
Show that the sequence defined by an =
N A D
CO N
Given:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
An = #

Let us consider n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ……. Since n is a natural

ED PR

number.
So,
©

A1 =

A2 = =

A3 = =

A4 = =%
D

In GP,

&
=
'

= ×

=
 '
=
!

= ×

Common ratio of consecutive term is . Hence n ∈ N is a G.P

Question 3 find:
O T IS
N A D
CO N
(i) the ninth term of the G.P 1, 4, 16, 64, …..
, , , ……
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(ii) the 10th term of the G.P
(iii) the 8th term of the G.P 0.3, 0.06, 0.012, …
ED PR

(
(iv) the 12th term of the G.P , ax , a5x5 , …..

(v) nth term of the G.P √3 ,

©

√ √
, ….

(vi) the 10th term of the G.P √2 ,

√ √
,

Solution:
Solution:
D

(i) the ninth term of the G.P 1, 4, 16, 64, …..

We know that,
= =4
+
+!
T1 = a = 1 , r =

By using the formula,

Tn = , -
T9 = 1 4
= 1 (4)8
= 48

(ii) the 10th term of the G.P − , , , …

We know that,
!
T1 = a =
O T IS
,, = + =
+
!
= × = −
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
By using the formula,
T IO
PY
Tn = , -
.
ED PR

T10 =

=
©

%
=

(iii) the 8th term of the G.P 0.3, 0.06, 0.012, ….

We know that,
D

= 0.2
+ ...
T1 = a = 0.3, r = + = ..
!

By using the formula,

Tn = arn-1
T8 = 0.3( 0.2)7
 (
(iv) the 12th term of the G.P , ax , a5x5 ,….
We know that,
+ (
!
( +!
T1 = a = ,r= = = ax (a3x3) = a4x4
0

By using the formula,

Tn = arn-1

O T IS
T12 = ( a4x4)12-1
N A D
(

CO N
= ( a4 x4)11
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= (ax)41

(v) nth term of the G.P √3 ,

ED PR

√ √
, ….

We know that,
!
©

T1 = a = √3 r = + =
+ √
√ √ ×√
= =
!

By using the formula,

Tn = arn-1
Tn = √3 ( n -1
D

(vi) the 10th term of the G.P √2

√ √
,

We know that,
!

T1 = a = √2 , r = + =
+ √
√ √ ×√
= =
!
By using the formula,
Tn = arn-1
.
T10 = √2

= √2
%
√
=

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Question 4.
Find the 4th term from the end of the G.P , , … . 162.
ED PR

Solution:
The nth term from the end is given by :
-
©

2
An = l where , I is the last term, r is the common ratio, n
is the nth term
Given: last term, I = 162
+ '
R=+ =
!
&
D

= ×
=3
N=4
-
2
So, an = l
A4 = 162

= 162

= 162 ×
=6
4th term from last is 6.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
Question 5.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Which term of the progression 0.004, 0.02, 0.1……is 12.5?
Solution:
ED PR

By using the formula,

Tn = arn-1
Given:
©

A = 0.004
+ ...
+! ....
R= =

=5
Tn = 12.5
D

N=?
So, Tn = arn-1
12.5 = ( 0.004) (5)n-1
= 5-
.3
....
 12.5
= 5-
0.004
3000 = 5n-1
55 = 5n-1
5=n–1
N=5+1
=6

O T IS
6th term of the progression 0.004, 0.02, 0.1, …. Is 12.5
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Question 6.
Which term of the G.P
(i) √2 ,
ED PR

, is 3
√ √ √ √
, , ?

(ii) 2, 2√2 , 4, … is 128 ?

(iii) √3, 3 , 3√3 …… is 729?
©

(iv) , , … . . 45 %
?
Solution:
(i) √2 , , is 3
√ √ √ √
, , ?
D

By using the formula,

Tn = arn-1
A = √2
!
+ √
R=+ =
! √
=

Tn = 3 √2
N=?
Tn = arn-1
-
3
√2 = √2
-
√2 × √2 =
3
O T IS
-
N A D
×2 =

CO N
3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
-
.
=
. -
ED PR

=
10 = n – 1
©

N = 10 + 1
= 11
11th term of the G.P is 3 √2

(ii) 2, 2√2 , 4, is 128?

D

By using the formula,

Tn = arn-1
A=2
+ √
R=+ =
!
= √2
Tn = arn-1
128 = 2(√2)n-1
= (√2)n-1
%

64 = (√2)n-1
2 = (√2)n-1
12 = n – 1
O T IS
N A D
CO N
N = 12 + 1
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= 13
13th term of the G.P is 128
ED PR

(iii) √3 , 3 , 3√3 ….. us 729?

©

By using the formula,

Tn = arn-1
A = √3
+
+! √
R= =

= √3
D

Tn = 729
N=?
Tn = , -
729 = √3 √3 -
 -
729 = 7√38
-
36 = 7√38
-
7√38 = 7√38
N = 12
12th term of the G.P is 729

(iv) , ,
O T IS … … . . 45 %
N A D
CO N
By using the formula,
O UC AA

Tn = , -
T IO
PY
A=
ED PR

!
+ '
!
+!
R= =
©

= ×

%
Tn =
D

N=?
Tn = , -
1 1 -
=: ;
19683 3
 1 1 -
=: ;
19683 3
-
%
=
-
=
N=9

%
9th term of the G.P is

O T IS
N A D
CO N
Question 7.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
?
3
Which term of the progression 18, -12, 8, ….. is
ED PR

Solution:
By using the formula,
Tn = , -
©

A = 18

= −
+
+! %
R=

=−
3
D

Tn =
N=?
Tn = arn-1
-
= 18 −
3
 -
= −
'

× %
-
× ×3 = −
'

% -
= −1 -
−
8=n–1
N =8 + 1
=9
O T IS 3
N A D
CO N
9th term of the progression is
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Question 8.
, , ,3 …
ED PR

%
Find the 4th term the end of the G.P
©

Solution:
The nth term from the end is given by:
-
2
An = I where, I is the last term, r is the common ratio, n
is the nth term
D

Given:
Last term, I =
!
+ <
R=+ = !
!

= ×
=
N=4
-
2
So, an = I

A4 = =!>

O T IS
=

× 3
N A D
CO N
=

× 27
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=

=
ED PR

4th term from last is .

©
D
 Exercise 20.2

Question 1.
Find three numbers in G.P whose sum is 65 and whose product is
3375.
Solution:
, , ,
2
Let the three numbers be

+ O T IS
So, according to the question
+ , = 65 … … ABC D4EF 1
N A D
CO N
2

× × , = 3375 … … … ABC D4EF 2

O UC AA
T IO
PY
,
From equation (2) we get,
ED PR

A3 = 3375
A = 15.
©

From equation (1) we get,

G 2G 2
2
= 65

A + ar + , = 65r ….. equation (3)

Substituting a = 15 in equation (3) we get
15 + 15r + 15, = 65r
D

15, – 50r + 15 = 0 …. Equation (4)

Dividing equation (4) by 4 we get
3, – 10r + 3 = 0
3r ( r – 3) – 1 ( r – 3) = 0

R = 3 or r =
Now, the equation will be

, 15 , 15 × 3 or
3

15 1
, 15, 15 ×
1 3
3
So the terms are 5, 15, 45, 15, 5
The three numbers are 5, 15, 45.

Question 2.
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Find three number in G.P whose sum is 38 and their product is 1728.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Solution:
, , ,
2
Let the three numbers be
ED PR

So, according to the question

+ + , = 38 … … . ABC D4EF 1
,
©

× × , = 1728 … … ABC D4EF 2

,
From equation (2) we get,
= 1728
A = 12.
D

From equation (1) we get,

G 2G 2
2
= 38

A + ar + , = 38r ….. equation (3)

Substituting a = 12 in equation (3) we get
12 + 12r + 12, = 38r
12, – 26r + 12 = 0 …… equation (4)
Dividing equation (4) by 2 we get
6r2 – 13r + 6 = 0
6, – 9r – 4r + 6 = 0
3r ( 3r – 3) – 2 ( 3r – 3) = 0

R= E, , =

Now the equation will be

12
= 8 E,
3
2
12
O T IS
N A D
CO N
= 18
2
O UC AA
3
T IO
PY
So the terms are 8, 12, 18
ED PR

The three numbers are 8, 12, 18

©

Question 3.

The sum of first three terms of a G.P is FH their product is -1.

Find the G.P
Solution:
Let the three numbers be , , ,
2
D

So, according to the question

13
+ + ,= … … . ABC D4EF 4
, 12
× × , = −1 … … ABC D4EF 2
,
From equation (2) we get,
= -1
A = -1
From equation (1) we get,
G 2G 2
2
=

12a + 12ar + 12 , = 13r …… equation (3)

Substituting a = -1 in equation (3) we get
12 (-1) + 12 (-1)r + 12 (-1)r2 = 13r
12r2 + 25r + 12 = 0

O T IS
12r2 + 25r + 12 = 0
N A D
CO N
12r2 + 16r + 9r + 12 = 0 …… equation (4)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
4r (3r + 4) + 3 (3r + 4) = 0

R = − E, , = −
ED PR

Now the equation will be

1 3 4 4
− , −1 , −1 × :− ; ,E − 1 × :− ; , −1, −1 × :− ;
3 4 3 3
−
4
©

4 3 3 4
, −1 , E, − 1,
3 4 4 3
The three numbers are , −1 , E, − 1,
D

Question 4.
The product of three numbers in G.P is 125 and the sum of their
products taken in pair is 87 . find them.

Solution:
, , ,
2
Let the three numbers be

So, according to the question

 × × , = 125 …… equation (i)
2

From equation (i) we get,

= 125
A=5

× + × , + , × = 87
2 2
195
× + × ,+ ,× =
, , 2

2
+ r+ 2
O T IS
=
3
N A D
CO N
( +,+1 =
2 3
2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Substituting a = 5 in above equation we get,

52 [ ( 1 + , +r) = × 25
32
ED PR

2( 1 + , +r) =
2
3
©

10 + 10, + 10r = 39r

10, – 25r – 4r + 10 = 0
5r (2r – 5) – 2 ( 2r – 5) = 0

,
3
3
R=

, 5, 10
3
So G.P is 10, 5,
D

E, , 5, 10
3 3
The three numbers are 10, 5,

Question 5.

.
The sum of the first three terms of a G.P is , and their product is 1.
Find the common ratio and the terms.
Solution:

Let the three numbers be + + ,= … … ABC D4EF 1

2 .
39
+ + ,=
, 10
× × , = 1 … … ABC D4EF 2
,
From equation (2) we get,
A3 = 1
A=1
O T IS
N A D
CO N
From equation (i) we get,

=
G 2G 2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2 .
……. Equation (3)

Substituting a = 1 in 3 we get
ED PR

10(1) + 10(1) + 10(1) r2 = 39r

10, – 29r + 10 = 0
©

10, – 25r – 4r + 10 = 0 …. Equation (4)

5r ( 2r – 5) – 2 ( 2r – 5) = 0

E,
3
3
R=

So now the equation will be,

1 2 1 5 5 2 2 5
, 1, 1 × E, , 1, 1 × : ; , , 1, E, 1,
2 5 5 2 2 5 5 2
D

5 2
3 3
3 3
, 1 , or , 1 ,
3
3
The three numbers are , 1 ,
 Exercise 20.3
Question 1.
Find the sum of the following geometric progressions:
(i) 2, 6, 18, …… to 7 terms
(ii) 1, 3, 9, 27, ……. To 8 terms

(iii) 1, − , , − , … ..
%

−
I
GI

O T IS
(iv) , ( a – b), ….. to n terms

(v) 4, 2, 1, … . . DE 10 DA,J5
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
solution: T IO
PY
(i) 2, 6, 18, ….. to 7 terms
K 2#
2
ED PR

We know that , sum of GP for n terms =

Given:

= = 3, n = 7
+
+!
©

A=2,r=

Now let us substitute the values in

K 2#
2
&
=
&
D

=3 –1
= 2187 – 1
= 2186
(ii) 1, 3, 9,27 …. to 8 terms
2#
2
We know that, sum of sum of GP for n terms =

Given:
+
+!
A=1,r= = =3,n=8

Now let us substitute the values in

2# L

2
=

O T IS
L
=
N A D
CO N
3
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
3 .
=
ED PR

= 3280

(iii) 1, - , − ….
%
©

2
We know that, sum of GP for infinity =

Given:
!
= −
+
+!
A=1,r= =
D

Now let us substitute the values in

2 :
!
;
=

!
G
=

!
M!
=
=

−
I
GI
(iv) , ( a – b) . …… to n terms
2#
2
We know that, sum of GP for n terms =

O T IS
Given:

−
+ I I
+! I I GI GI
a= ,r= = = = ,
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
n=n T IO
PY
now let us substitute the values in
! #

− = >
2# MN
ED PR

!
2
=
MN

+ -
−1
− O P
+ −1
©

+
GI I GI #
GI # ! GI
= =
I GI #
GI # ! = GI
==
D

(v) 4, 2, …. To 10 terms
2#
2
We know that, sum of GP for n terms =

Given:
+
+!
A=4,r= = = = n =10
Now let us substitute the values in
! !Q
2# : ;
!
2
=

! !Q
: ;
= !

! !Q
: ;
= !

= (4
.

O T IS
−1 × −
N A D
CO N
.
=4: − 1; × −
O UC AA
T IO
PY
S
=−
%R .
.
.
ED PR

%
=
©

Question 2.
Find the sum of the following geometric series:
(i) 0.15 + 0.015 + 0.0015 + …. to 8 terms;

(ii) √2 + +
√ √
+ ……. To 8 terms;

(iii) − + − + ⋯ DE 5 DA,J5;
D

(iv) V + W + V + VW + W + V + V W + VW + W +…. To n
Terms;

(v) + +
3 3 3 3
+ + ….. to 2n terms;

(i) 0.15 + 0.015 + 0.0015 + …. to 8 terms;

Given:
A = 0.15

= 0.1 =
+ ... 3
+! .. 3 .
R= =

N=8
By using the formula,
2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
! L

O T IS
2# .. 3
!Q
2 :
!
;
=
!Q
N A D
CO N
! L
.. 3
!Q
O UC AA
T IO
PY
!
: !Q ;
=

%
:1 − ;
.
ED PR

(ii) √2 + +
©

√ √
+ ……. To 8 terms;

Given:
A = √2
!
+ √
+! √
R= = =
D

N=8
By using the formula,
2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =

! L
2# √ : ;
!
2
=
 !
√ X<
= !

×2
3
= √2
3
33×
= √2
3
33√
%
=

(iii) − + − + ⋯ DE 5 DA,J5;
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Given:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
A=
!

=−
+
+!
R= =
ED PR

'

N=5
By using the formula.
©

2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
X
2# '
2
=

X
'
: G ;

G
D

X
'
: G ;

G
=

X
'
: G ;
= X
 G
'
= X

M
'
= X

&X
'
=
X

33
=

(iv) V + W + V + VW + W O T IS + V + V W + VW + W +…. To n
N A D
CO N
terms;
Let Sn = V + W + V + VW + W + V + V W + VW + W +….
O UC AA
T IO
PY
To n terms
ED PR

Let us multiply and divide by (x – y) we get,

R V + W V − W + V + VW + W V − W … CZDE DA,J5S
( Y
Sn =

(x-y) Sn = ( V + V + V + ⋯ F DA,J5 – (W + W +
©

W … . . F DA,J5
By using formula,
2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =

We have two G.P in above sum, so,

D

(x-y)Sn = V [ \−W [ \
(# Y#
( Y

{V [ \ −W [ \
(# Y#
( Y ( Y
Sn =
(v) + + + + ⋯ DE 2F DA,J5;
3 3 3 3

The series can be written as:

3( + + + ⋯ DE F DA,J5 + 4 ( + + + ⋯ to n terms )
3 3 3X 3 3 3<

Firstly let us consider 3 ( + + + ⋯ DE F DA,J5)

3 3 3X

3
So , a =
+
+! 3 3
R= = =

By using the formula,

O T IS
N A D
CO N
2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
O UC AA
T IO
PY
! ! #
: ;
3( + + + ⋯ DE F DA,J5 = 3.
X X
ED PR

!
3 3 3X
X

1−
3
% 3 #
= )
©

+ + + ⋯ to n terms )
3 3 3<
Now, let us consider 4 (

3
So, a =
+
+! 3 3
R= = =

By using formula,
D

2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
! ! #
: ;
+ + + ⋯ to n terms ) = 4.
X X
!
3 3 3<
4(
X

1−
3 #
= )

Now
 + + + + ⋯ DE 2F DA,J5 = 1− 1−
3
3 3 3 3 % 3 # 3 #
) + )

1−
3 #
= )

Question 3.
Evaluate the following:
(i) ∑-_ 2 + 3-
44 ∑-̀_ 2` + 3`
(iii) ∑-_
.
4-
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Solution:
(i) ∑-_ 2 + 3-
O UC AA
T IO
PY
= ( 2 + 31) + ( 2 + 32) + ( 2 + 33) + …. + ( 2 + 311)
= 2 × 11 + 31 + 32 + 33 + …. + 311
ED PR

!! 2#
2
= 22 + 3 [ by using the formula,
©

!!
= 22 +
G
=

= 265741
44 ∑-̀_ 2` + 3`
D

= (2 + 30) + (22 + 3) + (23 + 32) + …. + (2n + 3n-1)

= (2 + 22 + 23 + …. + 2n) (30 + 31 + 32 + …. + 3n-1)
Firstly, let us consider,
(2 + 22 + 23 + …. + 2n)

Where, a = 2 , r = = = 2 ,F = F
By using the formula,
2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
#
=

= 2 ( 2- − 1
Now, let us consider
(30 + 31 + 32 + …. + 3n)

O T IS
Where, a = 30 = 1 , r = = 3, n = n
N A D
CO N
By using the formula,
2#
O UC AA
T IO 2

PY
Sum of GP for n terms =
#
=
ED PR

#
=

So,
∑-̀_ 2` + 3`
©

= ( 2 + 22 + 23 + ….. + 2n ) + ( 30 + 31 + 32 + …..
# #
=

= [ 2n+2 + 3n – 4 – 1 ]

= R2-G + 3- − 5S
D

(iii) ∑-_
.
4-
= 42 + 43 + 44 + ….. + 410

Where, a = 42 = 16 , r = =4,n=9

By using the formula,

 2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
'
=
'
=

= R4 − 1S

O T IS
Question 4.
Find the sum of the following series:
N A D
CO N
(i) 5 + 55 + 555 + ….to n terms.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(ii) 7 + 77 + 777 + ….to n terms.
(iii) 9 + 99 + 999 + …..to n terms.
ED PR

(iv) 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 …to n terms.

(v) 0.6 + 0.66 + 0.666 ….. to n terms.
©

Solution:
(i) 5 + 55 + 555 + …. To n terms.
Let us take 5 as a common terms so we get,
5[1 + 11 + 111 +……n terms]
Now multiply and divide by 9 we get,

R9 + 99 + 999…… n terms]
3
D

3
[(10 – 1) + ( 102 – 1) + ( 103 – 1) + …. N terms)
3
[ ( 10 + 102 + 103 + …. n terms) – n]

So the G.P is

R 10 + 10 + 10 +…… n terms) – n ]
3
By using the formula,
2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =

.
.
Where, a = 10 , r = = 10 , n = n
2#
2

a 10 × − Fb
3 .#
.
=

{ 10- − 1 − F}
3 .

O T IS
=

{ 10-G − 9F − 10 }
3
N A D
CO N
%
=
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(ii) 7 + 77 + 777 + …… to n terms.
ED PR

Let us take 7 as a common term so we get

7 [ 1 + 11 + 111 + …. to n terms]
Now multiply and divide by 9 we get,
©

R9 + 99 + 999 + …. N terms]

R 10 − 1 + 10 − 1 + 10 − 1 + ⋯ + 10- − 1 S

R 10 +102 + 103 + …. + 10n )] - [ ( 1 + 1 + 1 + ….. to n terms)]

So the terms are in G.P

D

.
.
Where, a = 10 , r = = 10 , n = n

By using the formula,

2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =

[ \– n
. .#
.
 R 10- − 1 − F]
.

7
R 10 10- − 1 − FS
81
7
10-G − 9F − 10
81

(iii) 9 + 99 + 999 + ….. to n terms.

O T IS
The given terms can be written as
(10 – 1) + ( 100 – 1) + ( 1000 – 1) + …… + n terms
N A D
CO N
(10 + 102 + 103 + ….. n terms) – n
O UC AA
T IO
PY
By using the formula,
2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
ED PR

Where, a = 10 , r = 10 , n = n

=[ \–n
2# . .#
2 .
©

10- − 1 − F
.
=

= R10-G − 10 − 9FS

= [ 10n+1 – 9n – 10]
D

(iv) 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 + …. To n terms

Let us take 5 as a common term so we get,
5(0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + …. n terms)
Now multiply and divide by 9 we get,

R0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + …. + to n terms]

3
5 9 9 9
R + + + ⋯ + F DA,J5
9 10 100 1000
This can be written as
5 1 1 1
d:1 − ; + :1 − ;+:1− ; + ⋯ + F DA,J5;
9 10 100 1000
5 1 1 1
RF−{ + + + ⋯ + F DA,J5S
9 10 10 10
! #

RF− {
3 !Q
!
.

3
RF− O T IS
1−
!Q
N A D
CO N
.#
)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
v) 0.6 + 0.66 + 0.666 + …. To n terms.
ED PR

Let us take 6 as a common term so we get,

6( 0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + …..n terms)
Now multiply and divide by 9 we get,
©

R 0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ⋯ F DA,J5S

[ + + + ⋯ + F DA,J5\
. .. ...

This can be written as

[ 1− + 1− + 1− + ⋯ + F DA,J5 \
. .. ...
D

RF − a + + + ⋯ + F D,J5 ]
. . .
! #

eF − f !Q
! gh
.
!Q

[F − 1− \
.#
Question 5.
How many terms of the G.P 3, , , …. Be taken together to make
?
.
3

Solution:
Given;
.
3
Sum of G.P =

Where , a = 3 , r =
O T IS = ,n=?
N A D
CO N
By using the formula,
2#
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
! #
: ;
=
.
!
3
ED PR

-
×3×2=1−
.
3
-
©

−1= −
.
.
-
= −
. .
.

1 1 -
= −: ;
1024 2
. -
D

10 = n
.
3
10 terms are required to make
Question 6.
How many terms of the series 2 + 6 + 18 + …. Must be taken to sum
equal to 728?
Solution:
Given:
Sum of GP = 728

Where, a = 2, r = = 3, n = ?

O T IS
By using the formula,
2#
N A D
CO N
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
#
O UC AA
T IO
PY
728 =
#
728 =
ED PR

728 = 3n – 1
729 = 3n
©

36 = 3n
6=n
6 terms are required to make a sum equal to 728

Question 7.
D

How many terms of the sequence √3 , 3 , √3 ….. must be taken to

make the sum 39 + 13√3 ?
Solution:
Given:
Sum of GP = 39 + 13√3
Where, a = √3 r = = √3 , n = ?
√

By using the formula,

2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =
#
√ 7√ 8
= 39 + 13√3 =
√
-
(39 + 13√3 )( √3 − 1 = √3 ( √3 - 1)

O T IS
Let us simplify we get,
-
39√3 – 39 + 13(3) - 13√3 = √3 ( √3 - 1)
N A D
CO N
-
39√3 – 39 + 39 - 13√3 = √3 ( √3 - 1)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
-G
39√3 – 39 + 39 - 13√3 = √3 ( √3 -√3 )
ED PR

-G
26√3 + √3 = √3
-G
√3 √3 = √3
©

6+1=n+1
7 = n+ 1

7 – 1 =n
6=n
D

6 terms are required to make a sum of 39 + 13√3

Question 8.
The sum of n terms of the G.P 3, 6, 12, ….. is 318 . find the value of
n.

Solution:
Given:
Sum of GP = 381

Where, a = 3, r = = 2 , F = ?

O T IS
N A D
CO N
By using the formula,
2#
O UC AA
T IO 2

PY
Sum of GP for n terms =
#
381 =
ED PR

381 = 3 (2- – 1)

= 2- – 1
%
©

127 = 2- – 1

127 + 1 = 2-

128 = 2-

2 = 2-
D

N=7
Value of n is 7
Question 9.
The common ratio of a G.P is 3, and the last term is 486.
If the sum of these terms be 728, find the first term.

Solution:

O T IS
Given; N A D
CO N
Sum of GP = 728
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Where, r = 3, a =?
Firstly,

Tn = , -
ED PR

486 = a3n-1
#
©

486 =

486 (3) = a3n

1458 = a3n …. equation (i)

By using the formula,

2#
D

2
Sum of GP for n terms =
#
728 =

1456 = a3n – a …… equation (2)

Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we get

1458 – 1456 = a.3n – a.3n + a
A = 2.
The first term is 2

Question 10.
The ratio of the sum of the first three terms is to that of the first 6
terms of a G.P is 125:152. Find the common ratio.
Solution:
Given:
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Sum of G.P of 3 terms is 125 by using the formula,
2#
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2
Sum of GP for n terms =

2#
2
ED PR

125 =

2
2
125 = …. Equation (1)
©

Now,
Sum of G.P of 6 terms is 152
By using the formula,
2#
2
Sum of GP for n terms =

2#
D

2
152 =

2<
2
152 = ……. Equation (2)

Let us divide equation (i) by (ii) we get,

 , −1
125 ,−1
=
152 , −1
,−1
125 , −1
=
152 , −1

125 , −1
=
152 , −1 , +1
125 1
152
=
, +1 O T IS
N A D
CO N
125 , + 1 = 152
O UC AA
T IO
PY
125 , = 152 – 125
ED PR

125, = 152 – 125

125, = 27

, =
©

3
R=

3
The common ratio is
D
 Exercise 20.4
Question 1.
Find the sum of the following series to infinity:

(i) 1 - + − + +⋯∞

(ii) 8 + 4√2 + 4 + ……∞

(iii) + + + +⋯∞
3 3 3 3

O T IS
(iv) 10 – 9 + 8.1 – 7.29 + ….∞
N A D
Solution:

CO N
(i) 1 - + − + +⋯∞
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Given:

S∞ = 1 - + − + + ⋯∞
ED PR

Where, a = 1 r = -
©

By using the formula,

2
S∞

!
: ;
=

!
G
=
D

= M!

(ii) 8 + 4√2 + 4 + ….. ∞

Given:
S∞ = 8 + 4√2 + 4 + ….. ∞

√ √
Where, a = 8, r = =

By using the formula,

2
S∞ =

= 8/ 1 −
√

O T IS
%
√ !
=
√
N A D
CO N
%√
√
O UC AA
T IO
PY
=

Multiply and divide with √2 + 1 we get,

×
%√ √ G
ED PR

√ √ G
% G√
=
©

= 8 ( 2 + √2 )

(iii) + + + + ⋯∞
3 3 3 3

The given terms can be written as,

+ +
3 3 3 3
+ ….. + ….

,= ,, =
D

3 3 3 3
( a= and ( a = )

By using the formula,

S∞ =
2

== X
! >+= X
! >
X X
==X >+= X >
X X

+
.
=

(iv)
10 – 9 + 8.1 – 7.29 + …. ∞

O T IS
Given:

Where a = 10, r = −
.
N A D
CO N
By using the formula,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
S∞ =
2
.
'
ED PR

: ;
=
!Q

.
'
G!Q
=
©

.
= !QM'
!Q

.
= !'
!Q

..
=
D

= 5.263

Question 2.
Prove that:
! ! !
9 . 9 ' .9 & ….. ∞ ) = 3.
Solution:
Let us consider the LHS
! ! !
9 . 9 ' .9 & ….. ∞ )
This can be written as
! ! !
9 . 9 ' .9 & ….. ∞ )

So let us consider m = + + + ⋯∞
!
'
Where, a = r= ! =

By using the formula,

O T IS
N A D
CO N
S∞ =
2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
!
== ! >
ED PR

!
== ! >

!
©

=
!
So, 9 = 9 = 3 = RHS
m

Hence proved.
D

Question 3.
Prove that:
! ! ! !
2 . 4 .8 L !< . 16 ……∞ ) = 2
Solution:
Let us consider the LHS
! ! ! !
2 . 4 .8 L !< . 16 ……∞ )
This can be written as
! ! ! !
2 . 4 .8 L !< . 16 ……∞ )
Now

2 G%G G%G⋯k

So let us consider 2x , where x = + + + … . ∞ ….

O T IS % %
N A D
CO N
(1)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Multiply both sides of the equation with , we get

= + + +
(
% %
……∞

= + + + ⋯∞… 2
ED PR

Now subtract (2) from (1) we get,

X– =( + + + ….∞ - + + + ⋯ ∞)
(
©

% % %

By grouping similar terms,

= + − + − + ⋯∞
(
% %

V 1 1 1
= + + + ⋯∞
2 4 8 16
D

X= + + + + ⋯∞
%
!
Where, a = ,, = ! =

By using the formula,

S∞ =
2
 !

= !

!
== ! >

= !

=1

O T IS
From equation (1), 2x = 21 = 1 = RHS
Hence proved.
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Question 4.
If Sp denotes the sum of the series 1 + rp + r2p + …. To ∞ and Sp + Sp
ED PR

= 2 S2p
Solution:
Given:
©

Sp = 1+ , l + , l
+ …. ∞
By using the formula,

2
S∞ =

Where, a = 1,r = , l
D

So,

2m
Sp =

G2 m
=

= now, Sp + Sp = [ \+[ \
2m G2 m
R 2m G G2 m
2 m
2S2p =
 2 m
=

= 2S2p = Sp + Sp

Question 5.
Find the sum of the terms of an infinite decreasing G.P in which all
the terms are positive, the first term is 4, and the difference between

%
the third and fifth is equal to .

Solution:
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Let ‘a’ be the first term of GP and ‘r’ be the common ratio.
O UC AA
T IO
We know that nth term of a GP is given by –

PY
An = , -
As, a = 4 (given)
ED PR

n4oAF
%
And a5 – a3 =

%
4r4 – 4r2 =
©

%
4r2 (r2 – 1) =
%
%
R2 (r2 – 1) =

Let us denote r2 with y

81y ( y – 1) = 8
D

81y2 – 81y – 8 = 0
Using the formula of the quadratic equation to solve the equation, we
get
% ±q% % %
Y=
% ±√ 3 3
=
 % ±
=

= or
%
Y=

Y=
%
=

E,
%
So r2 =

= E,
√

O T IS
N A D
CO N
= we know that,

2
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Sum of infinite , S∞ =

Where, a = 4 , r =
ED PR

S∞ = !

= !
©

=6
Sum of infinite, r∞ =
D

√
Where, a = 4 , r =

√
S∞ =

√
=
Question 6.
Express the recurring decimal 0.125125125… as a rational number.
Solution:
Given:
0.125125125
sssss
So, 0.125125125 = 0.125
= 0.125 + 0.000125 + 0.000000125+….

3
+
3
O T IS
This can be written as

+
3
+⋯
N A D
CO N
. .< 3'

+ + ⋯S
3
O UC AA
T IO
PY
. . .<
[1+

By using the formula,

ED PR

2
S∞ =
3
!
.
[ ]
!QQQ
©

3
!QQQ !
.
[ ]
!QQQ

3
'''
.
[ ]
!QQQ

3 ...
...

125
D

999
3
The decimal 0.125125125 can be expressed in rational number as
 Exercise 20.5
Question 1.
If a, b, c are in G.P prove that log a, log b, log care in A.P
Solution:
It is given that a, b and c are in G.P
B2 = ac {using property of geometric mean}
(b2)n = (ac)n
B2n = ancn
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Now, apply log on both the sides we get,
O UC AA
T IO
Logb2n = log(ancn)

PY
Log(bn)2 = log an + logCn
2 log bn = log an + logcn
ED PR

Log an, logbn , logCn are in A.P

©

Question 2.

tuv w tuvN w tuvx w

If a, b, c are in G.P prove that , , are in A.P

Given:
A, b and c are in GP
B2 = ac {property of geometric mean}
D

Apply log on both sides with base m

Logmb2 = logmac
Logmb2 = logmc { using property of log}
2logmb = logma + logmc

tuvN tuv w tuvx w

m= ,
tuv w tuvN w tuvx w
, , are in A.P

Question 3.
Find k such that k+9, k-6, and 4 form three consecutive terms of a
G.P.
Solution:
Let a = k+9; b = k – 6 ; and c = 4;

O T IS
We know that a, b and c are in GP , than
N A D
CO N
B2 = ac { using property of geometric mean}
O UC AA
T IO
(k – 6)2 = 4(k+9)

PY
K2 – 12k + 36 = 4k + 36
K2 – 16k = 0
ED PR

K = 0 or k = 16
©

Question 4.
Three numbers are in A.P, and their sum is 15. If 1, 3, 9, be added to
them respectively, they from a G.P find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the first term of an be ‘a’ and its common difference be ‘d’.
D

A1 + a2 + a3 = 15
Where, the three number are; a, a+d, and a+2d
So,
A + a + d + a + 2d = 15
3a + 3d = 15 or a + d = 5
D = 5 – a ….(i)
Now, according to the question:
A+1 , a+d+3 , and a + 2d + 9
They are in GP, that is:

=
GyG G yG
G GyG

(a+d+3)2 = (a+2d+9) (a+1)

A2 + d2 + 9 + 2ad + 6d + 6a = a2 + a + 2da + 2d + 9a + 9
(5 – a)2 – 4a + 4 ( 5 – a ) = 0

O T IS
25 + a2 – 10a – 4a + 20 – 4a = 0
N A D
CO N
A2 – 18a + 45 = 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
A2 – 15a – 3a + 45 = 0
A(a – 15) -3(a – 15)= 0
ED PR

A = 3 or a = 15
D=5–a
D = 5 – 3 or d = 5 – 15
©

D = 2 or -10
Then,
For a = 3 and d = 2 the A.P is 3, 5, 7
For a = 15 and d = -10, the A.P is 15, 5, -5
The numbers are 3, 5, 7 or 15, 5, -5
D

Question 5.
The sum of three numbers which are consecutive terms of an A.P is
21. If the second number is reduced by 1 and the third is increased by
1, we obtain three consecutive terms of a G.P find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the first term of an A.P be ‘a’ and its common difference be ‘d’
A1 + a2 + a3 = 21
Where, the three number are: a, a + d, and a + 2d
So,
3a + 3d = 21 or
A + d = 7.

O T IS
D = 7 – a …..(i)
N A D
CO N
Now, according to the question:
O UC AA
A, a+d-1, and a + 2d+1
T IO
PY
They are now in GP, that is:

=
Gy G yG
Gy
ED PR

(a + d – 1)2 = a(a + 2d + 1)
A2 + d2 + 1 + 2ad – 2d – 2a = a2 + a + 2ad
©

(7 – a )2 – 3a + 1 – 2 ( 7 – a ) = 0
49 + a2 – 14a – 3a + 1 – 14 + 2a = 0
A2 – 15a + 36 = 0
A2 - 12a – 3a + 36 = 0
A(a – 12) – 3 (a – 12) = 0
D

A = 3 or a = 12
D=7–a
D = 7 – 3 or d = 7 – 12
D = 4 or -5
Then,
For a = 3 and d = 4 , the A.P is 3, 7, 11
For a = 12 and d = -5, the A.P is 12, 7, 2
The numbers are 3, 7, 11, or 12, 7, 2

Question 6.
The sum of three numbers a, b, c in A.P is 18. If a and b are each
increased by 4 and c is increased by 36, the new numbers form a G.P

O T IS
find a, b, c.
Solution:
N A D
CO N
Let the first term of an A.P be ‘a’ and its common difference be ‘d’ .
O UC AA
T IO
PY
B = a + d; c = a + 2d
Given:
ED PR

A + b + c = 18
3a + 3d = 18 or a + d = 6.
D = 6 – a …..(i)
©

Now, according to the question:

A + 4, a + d+ 4 , and a + 2d + 36
They are now in GP, that is:

=
GyG G yG
G GyG
D

(a + d+ 4)2 = ( a + 2d + 36) ( a + 4)
A2 + d2 + 16 + 8a + 2ad + 8d = a2 + 4a + 2da + 36a + 144 + 8d
D2 – 32a – 128
( 6 – a)2 – 32a – 128 = 0
36 + a2 – 12a – 32a – 128 = 0
A2 – 44a – 92 = 0
A(a – 46) 2( a – 46)= 0
A = -2 or a = 46
D=6–a
D = 6 – ( -2) or d = 6 – 46
D = 8 or -40
Then,
For a = -2 and d = 8 , the A.P is -2, 6, 14

O T IS
For a = 46 and d = -40 the A.P is 46, 6, -34
N A D
CO N
The numbers are -2, 6, 14, or 46 , 6 -34
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Question 7.
The sum of three numbers in G.P is 56. If we subtract 1, 7, 21 from
ED PR

these numbers in that order, we obtain an A.P find the numbers.

Solution:
©

Let the three numbers be a, ar, ar2

According to the question
A + ar + ar2 = 56 …..(i)
Let us subtract 1, 7, 21 we get,
(a – 1), ( ar – 7), ( ar2 – 21)
D

The above numbers are in AP.

If three numbers are in AP, by the idea of the arithmetic mean, we can
write 2b = a + c
2 ( ar – 7 ) = a – 1 + ar2 – 21
= ( ar2 + a) – 22
2ar – 14 = ( 56 – ar ) – 22
2ar – 14 = 34 – ar
3ar = 48
Ar = 16

….. 2
2
A=

Now, substitute the value of a in equation (1) we get,

G 2G 2
2
= 56

O T IS
16 + 16r + 16r2 = 56r
16r2 – 40r + 16 = 0
N A D
CO N
2r2 – 5r + 2 = 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
2r2 – 4r – r + 2 = 0
2r ( r – 2) -1 ( r – 2) = 0
ED PR

( r – 2) ( 2r – 1) = 0

R = 2 or
©

Substitute the value of r in equation (2) we get,

2
A=

= E, !

= 8 or 32
D

The three numbers are (a, ar, ar2) is (8, 16, 32)

Question 8. If a, b, c are in G.P prove that:

(i) a (b2 +c2) = c (a2 + b2)

+ + S = a3 + b3 + c3
I z
(ii) a2b2c2 [
 GIGz GIGz
GI Gz IGz
(iii) =

I I I z
(iv) + =

(v) (a + 2b + 2c) ( a – 2b + 2c) = a2 + 4c2

Solution:
(i) a(b2 + c2) = c ( a2 + b2)
Given that a, b, c are in GP.

O T IS
By using the property of geometric mean,
B2 = ac
N A D
CO N
Let us consider LHS: a ( b2 + c2)
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Now, substituting b2 = ac, we get
A(ac + c2)
ED PR

A2c + ac2
C (a2 + ac)
©

Substitute ac = b2 we get,
C (a2 + b2) = RHS
LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

+ + S = a3 + b3 + c3
D

I z
(ii) a2b2c2 [

Given that a, b, c are in GP.

By using the property of geometric mean,
B2 = ac 2

2+ + S
I z
Let us consider LHS : a2b2c2 [
 I z I z I z
I z
+ +
I z z I
I z
+ +

+
z z I z
I z
+ [ by substituting the b2 = ac]

+ +
z I z
I z

C3 + b3 + a3 = RHS

O T IS
LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
GIGz
T IO GIGz

PY
GI Gz IGz
(iii) =

Given that a, b, c are in GP.

ED PR

By using the property of geometric mean,

B2 = ac
GIGz
©

GI Gz
Let us consider LHS:
GIGz GIGz
GI Gz I Gz G I
=
GIGz
I Gz G z
= [ since, b2 = ac]
D

GIGz
GIGz IGz
= = a2 – b2 + c2 + 2ac]
GIGz
IGz
=

= RHS
LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
 I I I z
(iv) + =

Given that a, b, c are in GP.

By using the property of geometric mean,
B2 = ac

I I
Let us consider LHS : +
I G I

=
I
+
O T IS
I
=
I I
N A D
CO N
I I
O UC AA
T IO
PY
I I
=
ED PR

I z
= [ since, b2 = ac]

I z
=
©

I z
=

I z
=

= RHS
LHS = RHS
D

Hence proved.

(v) ( a + 2b + 2c) ( a – 2b + 2c) = a2 + 4c2

Given that a, b, c are in G.P
By using the property of geometric mean,
B2 = ac
Let us consider LHS: ( a + 2b + 2c) ( a – 2b + 2c)
Upon expansion we get,
( a + 2b + 2c) ( a – 2b + 2c) = a2 – 2ab + 2ac + 2ab – 4b2 + 4bc + 2ac
– 4bc + 4c2
= a2 + 4ac – 4b2 + 4c2
= a2 + 4ac – 4 (ac) + 4c2 [ since,b2 = ac]
= a2 + 4c2

O T IS
= RHS
LHS = RHS
N A D
CO N
Hence proved.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
9. if a, b, c, d are in G.P prove that:
I zy Gz
ED PR

I z I
(i) =

(ii) + + +H = + +2 + + +H
©

(iii) (b + c) ( b + d) = ( c + a) ( c + d)
Solution:
I zy Gz
I z I
(i) =

Given that a, b, c are in GP.

D

By using the property of geometric mean,

B2 = ac
Bc = ad
C2 = bd
I zy
I z
Let us consider LHS:
 I zy I zy
I z z Iy
=
I zy I
z Iy I
=
I Izy
z Iy I
=
R z z z
z Iy I
=
z z
z Iy I
=

=
Rz
z Iy I
z

O T IS
N A D
CO N
R Gz z z
z Iy I
O UC AA
= T IO
PY
R Gz z Iy
z Iy I
=
Gz
ED PR

I
=

LHS = RHS
©

Hence proved.

(ii) + + + H = + +2 + + +H
Given that a, b, c are in GP.
By using the property of geometric mean,
D

B2 = ac
Bc = ad
C2 = bd
Let us consider RHS: + +2 + + +H
Let us expand
 + +2 + + +H + +2 + +H +
+H
=

= a2 + b2 + 2ab + 2(c2 + b2 + 2cb) + c2 + d2 + 2cd

= a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2ab + 2(c2 + b2 + 2cb) + 2cd
= a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2(ab + bd + ac + cd + cd) [ since c2 = bd, b2 = ac]
You can visualize the above expression by making separate terms for
(a + b+ c)2 + d2 + 2d ( a + b + c) = {( a + b + c ) + d}2

O T IS
RHS = LHS
Hence proved.
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(iii) ( b + c) ( b + d) = ( c + a ) ( c + d)
ED PR

Given that a, b, c are in GP.

By using the property of geometric mean,
B2 = ac
©

Bc = ad
C2 = bd
Let us consider LHS: ( b + c) ( b + d)
Upon expansion we get,
( b + c) ( b + d) = b2 + bd + cb + cd
D

= ac + c2 + ad + cd [ by using property of geometric mean]

= c(a + c) + d(a + c)
= ( a + c) ( c + d)
= RHS
LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

Question 10.
If a, b, c are in G.P prove that the following are also in G.P:
(i) a2 , b2 , c2
(ii) a3 , b3 , c3
(iii) a2 + b2 , ab + bc , b2 + c2
Solution:
O T IS
N A D
CO N
(i) a2 , b2 , c2
O UC AA
Given that a, b, c are in GP.
T IO
PY
By using the property of geometric mean,
B2 = ac
ED PR

On squaring both the sides we get,

(b2)2 = (ac)2
©

(b2)2 = a2c2
A2 , b2 , c2 are in G.P

(ii) a3 , b3 , c3
Given that a, b, c are in GP.
D

By using the property of geometric mean,

B2 = ac
On squaring both the sides we get,
(b2)3 = (ac)3
(b2)3 = a2c3
(b3)2 = a3c3
A3 , b3 , c3 are in G.P.

(iii) a2 + b2 , ab + bc , b2 + c2
Given that a, b, c are in GP.
By using the property of geometric mean,
B2 = ac
A2 + b2 , ab + bc, b2 + c2 or ( ab + bc)2 = ( a2 + b2) ( b2 + c2) [ by using

O T IS
the property of GM]
Let us consider LHS: (ab + bc)2
N A D
CO N
Upon expansion we get,
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(ab + bc)2 = a2b2 + 2ab2c + b2c2
= a2b2 + 2b2(b2)+ b2c2[ since, ac = b2]
ED PR

= a2b2 + b4 + a2c2 + b2c2{ again using b2 = ac}

= b2(b2 + c2) + c2( a2 + b2)
©

= ( a2 + b2) (b2 + c2)

= RHS
LHS = RHS
Hence a2 + b2 , ab + bc, b2 + c2 are in GP.
D
 Exercise 20.6
Question 1.

%
Insert 6 geometric means between 27 and

Solution:
Let the six terms be a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 , a6 .

%
A = 27, B =

O T IS
Now, these 6 terms are between A and B.
So the GP is A, a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 , a6 .B
N A D
CO N
So we now have 8 terms in GP with the first term being 27 and eighth
.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
%
being

We know that, Tn = arn-1

ED PR

%
Here, Tn = , a = 27 and

%
= 27 r8-1
©

=,
% ×

R=

A1 = ar = 27× = 9

A2 = ar2 = 27 × = 3
D

A3 = Ar3 = 27 × =1

A4 = ar4 = 27 × =
%

A5 = ar5 = 27 × =

A6 = Ar6 = 27 × =
 ,A 9, 3, 1, , ,
%
The six GM between 27 and

Question 2.

Insert 5 geometric means between 16 and .

Solution:
Let the five terms be a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 .

O T IS
%
A = 27 , B = N A D
CO N
Now, these 5 terms are between A and B.
So the GP is: A, a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 , B
O UC AA
T IO
PY
So we now have 7 terms in GP with the first term being 16 and
seventh being .
ED PR

We know that , Tn = arn-1

Here, Tn = = 16 FH
©

= 16,
1
= ,
4 × 16
R=

A1 = ar = 16 × = 8
D

A2 = Ar2 = 16 × = 4

A3 = Ar3 = 16 × = 2
%

A4 = Ar4 = 16 × =1
A5 = Ar5 = 16 × =

The five GM between 16 and ,A 8, 4, 2, 1

FH .
%
Question 3. Insert 5 geometric means between

Solution:
Let the five terms be a1 . a2 . a3 . a4 . a5

{=
%
A=
O T IS
N A D
CO N
Now, these 5 terms are between A and B.
O UC AA
T IO
PY
So the GP is A, a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 , B.

So we now have 7 terms in GP with the first term being

%
ED PR

And seventh being

We know that, Tn = arn-1

= FH
%
©

Here, Tn =

=
%
2& !
81 × 9
= ,
2 × 32
R=
D

A1 = ar = × =

A1 = ar2 = × =8

× = 12
%
A1 = ar3 =

× = 18
%
A1 = ar4 =
A1 = ar5 = × = 27

FH ,A , 8, 12, 18 , 27
%
The five GM between

Question 4.
Find the geometric means of the following pairs of numbers:
(i) 2 and 8

O T IS
(ii) a3b and ab3
(iii) -8 and -2
N A D
CO N
Solution:
O UC AA
T IO
PY
(i) 2 and 8
GM between a and b is √
ED PR

Let a = 2 and b = 8
GM = √2 × 8
= √16
©

=4

(ii) a3b and ab3

GM between a and b is √
D

Let a = a3b and b = ab3

GM = √ ×
=√
= a2b2

(iii) -8 and -2
GM between a and b is √
Let a = -2 and b = -8
GM = q − 2 × −8
= √−16
=-4

|4FH .

O T IS
Question 5. If a is the G.M of 2 and

Solution:
N A D
CO N
We know that GM between a and b is √
O UC AA
T IO
PY
Let a = 2 and b =

GM = } 2 ×
ED PR

=}
©

√
=

√
Value of a is .

Question 6.
D

Find the two number whose A.M is 25 and GM is 20.

Solution:
Given : A.M = 25 , G.M = 20
G.M = √
GI
A.M =
So,
√ = 20…… (i)

= 25 ……(ii)
GI

A + b = 50
A = 50 – b
Putting the value of ‘a’ in equation (i), we get,
q 50 −

O T IS
= 20
50b – b2 = 400
N A D
CO N
B2 – 50b + 400 = 0
O UC AA
T IO
PY
B2 – 40b – 10b + 400 = 0
B(b – 40) – 10 ( b – 40) = 0
ED PR

B = 40 or b = 10
If b = 40 then a = 10
©

If b = 10 then a = 40
The numbers are 10 and 40.
Question 7.
Construct a quadratic in x such that A.M of its roots is A and G.M is
G.
Solution:
D

Let the root of the quadratic equation be a and b.

So, according to the given condition,

=~
GI
A.M =

A + b = 2A ….. (1)
GM = √ =G
Ab = G2 …… (2)
The quadratic equation is given by,
X2 – x ( sum of roots ) + ( product of roots ) = 0
X2 – x ( 2A )+ (G2) = 0
X2 – 2Ax + G2 = 0 [ using (i) and (2) ]
The required quadratic equation is x2 – 2Ax + G2 = 0.

O T IS
N A D
CO N
O UC AA
T IO
PY
ED PR
©
D