1

ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSIONS

This Chapter “ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS” is taken

from Book:

ISBN No. of Pages Price

9789387421882 732 540
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MATHEMATICS

Arithmetic

5 Progressions

SEQUENCE
The number patterns or arrangement of numbers according to definite rule or a set of rules is called a SE-
QUENCE.
The various numbers occuring in a sequence are called its terms. The n th term of the sequence is denoted by xn.
The nth term is also called the GENERAL TERM of the sequence. For example,

(i) The numbers 1, 4, 9, 16,.... represent a sequence written according to the rule xn = n2 , n Î N.

1 2 3 4 n
(ii) The numbers , , , ,......... . represent a sequence written according to the rule xn = , n Î N.
2 3 4 5 n +1

(iii) The numbers 1, 3, 5, 7,......... represent a sequence written according to the rule xn = 2n - 1, n Î N.

(iv) The numbers 1,3, 7,13, 21......... r epresent a sequence written according to the rule

xn = n2 - n + 1, n Î N.

(v) The numbers 1,1, 2,3,5,8,......... represent a sequence written according to the following set of rules

x1 = x2 = 1, xn = xn-1 + xn- 2 , n > 2, n Î N.

This sequence of numbers is called the Fibonacci sequence.
(vi) The numbers 2,3, 5, 7,11,13,......... represent a sequence of prime numbers.
In every sequence it is not always possible to write a specific formula.

METHODS OF DESCRIBING A SEQUENCE

(i) A sequence may be described by writing first few terms till the rule for writing down the other terms is
evident.
(ii) A sequence may be described by giving a formula for its general term (the nth term)
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(iii) A sequence may be described by specifying first few terms and a formula (or a set of formulae) giving a
relation between successive terms. Such a formula is called RECURSIVE FORMULA (or RECURRENCE
RELATION).
(iv) Some sequences may not be described by any rule

SERIES

If x1 , x2 , x3 ,.......... is a sequence, then the expression x1 + x2 + x3 + ..... is called the series associated with
the given sequence.

PROGRESSION
A sequence is said to be a PROGRESSION if its terms numerically increase or numerically decrease continuously.

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.)

The sequen ce x1 , x2 , x3 , ..........., xn ,....... is called an ar ithmetic progression (A.P.), if

x2 - x1 = x3 - x2 = ......... = xn - xn-1 = .........

In general, xn +1 - xn = Constant (denoted by d) , here n is a natural number..

The constant difference d is called the common difference of the A.P. First term x1 of the A.P. is denoted by ‘a’.
Hence the standard form of A.P. is a, a + d , a + 2d ,.........

FORMULA FOR GENERAL TERM OF AN A.P.

The nth term of the A.P., is given by an = a + (n – 1)d, n Î N
Here an is the nth term of the A.P.

ILLUSTRATION : 1
Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and common difference d are given as follows:
1
(i) a = 10, d = 10 (ii) a = – 1, d =
2
SOLUTION :
(i) t1 = a = 10, t2 = 10 + d = 10 + 10 = 20, t3 = 20 + d = 20 + 10 = 30, t4 = 30 + d = 30 + 10 = 40, ....
Thus, the AP is 10, 20, 30, 40, ....
1
(ii) Putting a = –1, d = in a + 0, a + 2d, a + 3d, ....,
2
1 2 3
We get the required AP as -1, -1 + , -1 + , -1 + ,...
2 2 2
-1 1
i.e., -1, , 0, ,...
2 2
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FORMULA FOR SUM OF FIRST n TERMS OF AN A.P.

n n
Sn =é 2a + ( n - 1) d ùû = (a + l)
2ë 2
where l = Last term up to which the sum of the A.P. is to find.
Note : Sum of first n terms means sum upto n terms from first term.

ILLUSTRATION : 2
Find the sum given 34 + 32 + 30 + ... + 10
SOLUTION :
Here, the last term is given. We will first have to find the number of terms.
a = 34, d = 32 – 34 = –2, l = an = 10
\ 10 = a + (n – 1) d
Þ 10 = 34 + (n – 1) (–2) Þ (–2) (n – 1) = 10 – 34 Þ (–2) (n – 1) = – 24
Þ n – 1 = 12 Þ n = 12 + 1 = 13
n
Using Sn = (a + l ), we have
2
13 13
S13 = (34 + 10) = ´ 44 = 13 × 22 = 286
2 2
ILLUSTRATION : 3
Find the sum of the first 15 multiples of 8.
SOLUTION :
8, 16, 24, 32, ....
a = 8, d = 8
15 15 15
S15 = 5 (2a +14d) = × (16 + 14× 8) = × 128 = 960
2 2 2

NOTE : an = Sn – Sn –1

CONSIDERATION OF TERMS IN A.P.

(i) If three terms to be selected in A.P., choose them as a – d, a, a + d
(ii) If four terms to be selected in A.P., choose them as a - 3d , a - d , a + d , a + 3d
(iii) Three numbers a, b, c are in A.P. if and only if b – a = c – b, i.e., a + c = 2b
NOTE : nth term from the end = last term + (n + 1) (– d) = l – (n – 1) d, where ‘l’ denotes the last term.

ILLUSTRATION : 4
Find the 6th term from the end of the A.P. 17, 14, 11, ......, – 40.
SOLUTION :
We have, l = – 40, d = – 3
\ 6th term from the end = l – (6 – 1) d = – 40 – 5 (– 3) = – 25
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ILLUSTRATION : 5
If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is given by Sn = (3n2 + 2n), find its nth term.
SOLUTION :
It is given that Sn = (3n 2 + 2n)
\ Sn – 1 = 3 (n – 1)2 + 2(n – 1) = 3n 2 – 4n + 1,
nth term, tn = (Sum of n terms) – [Sum of (n – 1) terms]
= Sn – Sn – 1 = (3n2 + 2n) – (3n2 – 4n + 1) = (6n – 1)

ARITHMETIC MEAN(S) BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS

Arithmetic mean(s) between two numbers is/are the number(s) which when inserted between the two numbers,
then the sequence obtained will be an Arithmetic Progression.
If A be an arithmetic mean between two numbers a and b, then a, A,b will be an A.P.
a+b
\ A-a =b- A Þ A =
2
n Arithmetic Means Between Two Numbers a and b
Let A1 , A 2 , A 3 ,..........., An be n arithmetic means between two terms a and b, then a, A1, A2,......An, b will be
in A.P.
b-a
Clearly b = a + [(n + 2) - 1] d Þ d =
n +1
Thus the n arithmetic means between a and b are as follow :
b-a 2(b - a ) n (b - a )
A1 = a + d = a + ; A2 = a + 2d = a + ;.........; An = a + nd = a +
n +1 n +1 n +1

Important Formulae, Terms and Definitions

The sequence x1 , x2 , x3 , ..........., xn ,....... is called an arithmetic progression (A.P.), if

x2 - x1 = x3 - x2 = ......... = xn - xn -1 = .........
In general, xn +1 - xn = Constant (denoted by d) , here n is a natural number..
The constant difference d is called the common difference of the A.P. First term x1 of the A.P. is denoted by ‘a’.
Hence the standard form of A.P. is a, a + d , a + 2d ,.........
Formula for General Term of an A.P.
The nth term of the A.P., is given by an = a + (n – 1)d, n Î N
Here an is the nth term of the A.P.
Formula for Sum of First n Terms of an A.P.
n n
Sn = é 2a + ( n - 1) d ùû or (a + l)
2ë 2
where l = Last term up to which the sum of the A.P. is to find.
Arithmetic mean(s) between two numbers : Arithmetic mean(s) between two numbers is/are the number(s)
which when inserted between the two numbers, then the sequence obtained will be an Arithmetic
Progression.
If A be an arithmetic mean between two numbers a and b, then a, A,b will be an A.P.
a+b
\ A-a =b- A Þ A =
2
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(i)

in finite.
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Now, the list of costs is 150, 200, 250, .....

EXERCISE 5.1 Here, t2 – t1 = t3 – t2 = ..... = 50.
1. In which of the following situations, does the Therefore, the list forms an AP.
list of numbers involved make an arithmetic (iv) tn denotes the amount of money in the
progression, and why? nth year (in `)
(i) The taxi fare after each km when the fare t1 = 10000
is `15 for the first km and `8 for each 8
additional km. t2 = 10000 + 10000 × = 10800
100
(ii) The amount of air present in a cylinder 8
1 t3 = 10800 + 10800 × = 10800 + 864
when a vacuum pump removes of the 100
4 = 11640
air remaining in the cylinder at a time. 8
(iii) The cost of digging a well after every t4 = 11640 + 11640 ×
100
metre of digging, when it casts `150 for
= 11640 + 931.20 = 12571.20 and so on.
the first metre and rises by ` 50 for each
The list is 10000, 10800, 11640, 12571.20,.....
subsequent metre.
(iv) The amount of money in the account every Here, t2 – t1 ¹ t3 – t2 ¹ t4 – t3, ...... .
year, when `10000 is deposited at Therefore, the list does not form an AP.
compound interest at 8% per annum. Note :We can also write the list of amounts for
Sol. (i) tn denotes the taxi fare (in `) for the first each year as :
n km. æ 8 ö
10000, 10000 × çè 1 + ÷,
Now, t1 = 15, t2 = 15 + 8 = 23, t3 = 23 + 8 100 ø
= 31, t4 = 31+ 8 = 39, ..... 2 3
List of fares after 1km, 2km, 3km, 4km,.... æ 8 ö æ 8 ö
10000× ç 1 + , 10000 × ç 1 + , ........
respectively is 15, 23, 31, 39, .... (in `) è 100 ÷ø è 100 ÷ø
Here, t2 – t1 = t3 – t2 = t4 – t3 = ....... = 8 2. Write first four terms of the AP, when the
Thus, the list forms an AP. first term a and common difference d are given
as follows:
1 3 (i) a = 10, d = 10
(ii) t1 = x units; t2 = x – x = x units;
4 4 (ii) a = – 2, d=0
(iii) a = 4, d=–3
3 1æ3 ö 3 3 9
t3 = x - ç x÷ = x - x = x units 1
4 4è4 ø 4 16 16 (iv) a = – 1, d=
2
9 1 æ 9 ö 27 (v) a = –1.25, d = – 0.25
t4 = x - ç x÷ = x Sol. (i) t1 = a = 10, t2 = 10 + d = 10 + 10 = 20,
16 4 è 16 ø 64
t3 = 20 + d = 20 + 10 = 30, t4 = 30 + d = 30
units and so on. + 10 = 40, ....
3 9 27 Thus, the AP is 10, 20, 30, 40, ....
The list of numbers is x, x, x, x,.....
4 16 64 (ii) Putting a = 2, d = 0 in a, a + d, a + 2d, a +
It is not an AP because t2 – t1 ¹ t3 – t2. 3d, ...., we get the required AP as
(iii) tn denotes the cost of digging the well for – 2, – 2 + 0, – 2 + 2 × 0, – 2 + 3 × 0,...
the nth metre (in `) i.e., – 2, – 2, – 2, – 2, ....
t1 = 150, t2 = 150 + 50 = 200, t3 (iii) Putting a = 4, d = – 3 in a, a + d, a + 2d, a
= 200 + 50 = 250 and so on + 3d, ...., we get the required AP as 4, 4 –3,
4 – 6, 4 – 9, ... i.e., 4, 1, –2, –5, ...
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1 1 1 1 1
(iv) Putting a = –1, d = in a + 0, (viii) – , – , – , – , ...
2 2 2 2 2
a + 2d, a + 3d, ...., (ix) 1, 3, 9, 27, .........
We get the required AP as (x) a, 2a, 3a, 4a, .........
1 2 3 (xi) a, a2, a3, a4,..........
-1, -1 + , -1 + , -1 + ,...
2 2 2 (xii) 2, 8, 18, 32,...
-1 1 (xiii) 3,
i.e., -1, , 0, ,... 6, 9, 12,...
2 2
(xiv) 12, 32, 52, 72,........
(v) Putting a = –1.25, d = –0.25 in a, a + d,
(xv) 12, 52, 72, 73........
a + 2d, a + 3d, ...., we get the required AP as
– 1.25, – 1.25 – 0.25, –1.25 – 0.50, –1.25 Sol. (i) Not an AP because t2 – t1 = 2 and
– 0.75, ... i.e., –1.25, 1.50, –1.75, –2.00, ... t3 – t2 = 8 – 4 = 4, i.e., t2 – t1 t3 – t2
3. For the following APs, write the first term 5 5-4 1
and the common difference: (ii) Here, a2 - a1 = -2= = ,
2 2 2
(i) 3, 1, –1, – 3 .....
(ii) – 5, – 1, 3, 7, ...... 5 6 -5 1
a3 - a2 = 3 - = = ,
1 5 9 13 2 2 2
(iii) , , , , ....
3 3 3 3 7 7-6 1
(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9,... and a4 - a3 = -3 = =
2 2 2
Sol. (i) a = 3, d = t2 – t1 = 1 – 3 = –2, i.e., an + 1 – an is same every time, so the
i.e., d = – 2 given list of numbers forms an AP
(ii) The given AP is –5, –1, 3, 7, ...
Clearly, a = –5 and d = –1 – (–5) 1
So, d =
=–1+5=4 2
1 5 9 13 The next three terms after the last given
(iii) The given AP is , , , ,... term are
3 3 3 3
7 1 7 +1 8
1 5 1 4 + = = =4,
Clearly, a = and d = - = 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
(iv) The given AP is 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, .... 1 1 9
Clearly, a = 0.6 and d = 1.7 – 0.6 = 1.1 4+ =4 = ,
2 2 2
4. Which of the following are APs? If they form
an AP, find the common difference d and write 9 1 9 + 1 10
and, + = = = 5.
three more terms. 2 2 2 2
(i) 2, 4, 8, 16 ......... (iii) It is an AP.
5 7 a = – 1.2, d = – 2
(ii) 2, 3, ......... t5 = – 7.2 – 2= – 9.2, t6 = – 11.2,
2 2
(iii) – 1.2, – 3.2, – 5.2, – 7.2, ......... t7 = – 13.2
(iv) Here, a2 – a1 = –6 – (–10) = – 6 + 10 = 4,
(iv) – 10, – 6, – 2, 2, ......... a3 – a2 = – 2 – (–6) = – 2 + 6 = 4,
and a4 – a3 = 2 – (–2) = 2 + 2 = 4
(v) 3, 3 + 2, 3 + 2 2, 3 + 3 2,... .... i.e., an + 1 – an is same every time, so
(vi) 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222, .......... the given list of numbers forms an AP.
(vii) 0, – 4, – 8, – 12, ......... So, d = 4
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The next three terms after the last given and

term are 1 æ 1ö 1 1
2 + 4 = 6, a4 – a3 = - - çè - ÷ø = - + = 0,
2 2 2 2
6 + 4 = 10, i.e., an + 1 – an is same every time, so the
and, 10 + 4 = 14. given list of numbers forms an AP.
(v) Here, a2 – a1 = (3 + 2 ) – 3 = 2 So, d = 0
The next three terms after the last given
and, a3 – a2 = (3 + 2 2 ) – (3 + 2 ) = 2
i.e., an + 1 – an is same every time, so the 1 1 1
term are - , - and - .
given list of numbers form an AP. 2 2 2
(ix) Here a2 – a1 = 3 – 1 = 2
So, d = 2
and, a3 – a2 = 9 – 3 = 6
The next three terms after the last given
term are Þ a2 – a1 ¹ a3 – a2
Thus, the given list of numbers do not
(3 + 3 2) + 2 = 3 + 4 2 form an AP.
(x) Here, a2 – a1 = 2a – a = a,
(3 + 4 2) + 2 = 3 + 5 2
a3 – a2 = 3a – 2a = a,
and, (3 + 5 2) + 2 = 3 + 6 2
and, a4 – a3 = 4a – 3a = a
(vi) Here, a2 – a1 = 0.22 – 0.2
= 0.22 – 0.20 = 0.02
i.e., an + 1 – an is same every time, so the
and, a3 – a2 = 0.222 – 0.22 given list of numbers forms an AP.
= 0.222 – 0.220 = 0.002 So, d = a
\ a2 – a1 ¹ a3 – a2 The next three terms after the last given
Thus, the given list of numbers does not term are
form an AP. 4a + a = 5a,
(vii) Here, a2 – a1 = –4 – 0 = –4, 5a + a = 6a
a3 – a2 = –8 – (–4) = –8 + 4 = –4, and, 6a + a = 7a,
(xi) Here, a2 – a1 = a2 – a = a(a – 1)
and, a4 – a3 = – 12 – (–8) and a3 – a2 = a3 – a2 = a2(a – 1)
= –12 + 8 = –4 Þ a2 – a1 ¹ a3 – a2
i.e., an + 1 – an is same every time, so the Thus, the given list of numbers do not
given list of numbers forms an AP. form an AP.
So, d = –4
(xii) Here, a2 – a1 = 8 - 2 = 4 ´ 2 - 2
The next three terms after the last given
term are =2 2- 2= 2
– 12 + (– 4) = –12 – 4 = – 16, and,
– 16 + (– 4) = –16 – 4 = – 20,
a3 – a2 = 18 - 8 = 9 ´ 2 - 4 ´ 2
and – 20 + (– 4) = – 20 – 4 = – 24.
(viii) Here = 3 2 -2 2 = 2
1 æ 1ö 1 1 i.e., an + 1 – an is same every time, so the
a2 – a1 = - - ç - ÷ = - + = 0,
2 è 2 ø 2 2 given list of numbers forms an AP.

1 æ 1ö 1 1 So, d = 2
a3 – a2 = - - ç - ÷ = - + = 0,
2 è 2ø 2 2 The next three terms after the last given
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term are (ii) – 18 ... 10 0

32 + 2 = 4 2 + 2 = 5 2 (iii) ... –3 18 –5

= 25 ´ 2 = 50, (iv) – 18.9 2.5 ... 3.6

(v) 3.5 0 105 .....
50 + 2 = 5 2 + 2 = 6 2
Sol. (i) a = 7, d = 3, n = 8
= 36 ´ 2 = 72,
a8 = a + 7d = 7 + 7 × 3 = 28.
and, 72 + 2 = 6 2 + 2 = 7 2 Hence, a8 = 28
(ii) a = – 18, n = 10, t10 = 0
= 49 ´ 2 = 98 Þ a + 9d = 0
(xiii) Here, a2 – a1 = 6 - 3 = 3´ 2 - 3 Þ – 18 + 9d = 0
Þ 9d = 18 or d = 2
= 3( 2 - 1) (iii) d = – 3, n = 18
t18 = – 5 Þ a + 17d = – 5
and, a3 – a2 = 9 - 6 = 3- 3´ 2 Þ a +17 × (– 3) = – 5
Þ a – 51 = – 5 or a = 46
= 3( 3 - 2)
(iv) a = – 18.9, d = 2.5
Þ a2 - a1 ¹ a3 - a3 tn = 3.6
Þ a + (n – 1) d = 3.6
Thus, the given list of numbers does not
Þ – 18.9 + (n – 1) × (2.5) = 3.6
form an AP.
Þ (n –1 ) × (2.5) = 3.6 + 18.9 = 22.5
(xiv) Here, a2 – a1 = 32 – 12 = 9 – 1 = 8,
and a3 – a2 = 52 – 32 = 25 – 9 = 16 22.5 225
Þ n–1= = =9
2.5 25
Þ a2 - a1 ¹ a3 - a2
Þ n = 10
Thus, the given list of numbers does not (v) a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 105
form an AP. Then, a105 = a + 104d = 3.5 + 0 = 3.5
(xv) Here, a2 – a1 = 52 – 12 = 25 – 1 = 24, 2. Choose the correct choice in the following and
a3 – a2 = 72 – 52 = 49 – 25 = 24, justify :
and a4 – a3 = 73 – 72 = 73 – 49 = 24 (i) 30th term of the AP : 10, 7, 4, ...., is
i.e., an + 1 – an is same every time, so the (a) 97 (b) 77
given list of numbers forms an AP. (c) – 77 (d) – 87
So, d = 24 1
(ii) 11th term of the AP: –3, – , 2,..., is
The next three terms after the last given 2
term are (a) 28 (b) 22
73 + 24 = 97,
97 + 24 = 121, 1
(c) –38 (d) –48
and 121 + 24 = 145. 2
Sol. (i) a = 10, d = – 3,
EXERCISE 5.2 t30 = a + 29d = 10 + 29 × (– 3) = 10 – 87= – 77
Hence, the correct option is (c).
1. Fill in the blanks in the following table, given
that a is the first term, d the common difference 5
an and the nth term of the AP : (ii) a = – 3, d =
2
a d n an 5
(i) 7 3 8 ... t11 = a + 10d = – 3 + 10 × = 22.
2
Hence, the correct option is (b).
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3. In the following APs, find the missing terms a + 2d = – 4 + 2 × 2 = – 4 + 4 = 0,

in the boxes: a + 3d = – 4 + 3 × 2 = – 4 + 6 = 2,
(i) 2, , 26 (ii) , 13, , 3 and, a + 4d = – 4 + 4 × 2 = – 4 + 8 = 4,
(v) Let , 38, , , , – 22 be a, a + d,
1
(iii) 5, , ,9 a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d and a + 5d.
2 \ a + d = 38 …(1)
(iv) – 4, , , , , 6 and, a + 5d = – 22 …(2)
(v) , 38, , , , – 22 (2) – (1) gives 4 d = – 60 Þ d = – 15
Þ 2 + 2d = 26 Putting d = –15 in (1), we get
Sol. (i) a = 2, a + 2d = 26
Þ 2d = 26 – 2 = 24 a – 15 = 38 Þ 38 + 15 = 53
Þ d = 12 \ The missing terms are a, i.e., 53,
Then the missing term a + 2d, i.e., 53 + 2 × – 15 = 53 – 30 = 23,
a + 3d, i.e., 53 + 3 × – 15 = 53 – 45 = 8,
t2 = a + d = 2 + 12 = 14
and a + 4d, i.e., 53 + 4 × – 15 = 53 – 60 = –7
(ii) a + d = 13 ...(1) (Q t2 = 13)
4. Which term of the AP : 3, 8, 13, 18, ......is 78?
a + 3d = 3 ...(2) (Q t4 = 3)
Sol. a = 3, d = 5
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get
Let tn = 78 Þ a + (n – 1) d = 78
(a + 3d) – (a + d) = 3 – 13
Þ 3 + (n – 1) × 5 = 78
Þ 2 d = – 10 Þ d=–5 Þ n = 16
From (1), a – 5 = 13 Þ a = 18
Hence, t16 = 78.
Therefore, the first missing term is 18
5. Find the number terms in each of the following
The next missing term
APs:
t3 = t2 + d = 13 + (– 5) = 8
(i) 7, 13, 19, .......,205
1
(iii) Let 5, , ,9 be a, a + d, a + 2d and a 1
2 (ii) 18, 15 , 13,......, –47
2
+ 3d.
Sol. (i) a = 7, d = 6,
\a=5 ...(1)
tn = 205 Þ a + (n – 1) d = 205
1 19 Þ 7 + (n – 1) × 6 = 205
and, a + 3d = 9 = ...(2)
2 2 Þ 6n + 1 = 205
Þ 6n = 204 Þ n = 34
19 19 - 10 9 Hence, 34 terms
(2) – (1) gives 3d = -5= =
2 2 2 (ii) a + (n – 1) d = – 47
1 9 3 æ -5 ö
Þ d= ´ = 18 + (n–1) ç ÷ = -47
3 2 2 è 2 ø
\ The missing terms are a + d,
6. Check whether–150 is a term of the AP : 11,8,5,
3 1 1 2....
i.e., 5 + = 5 +1 = 6
Sol. a = 11, d = – 3
2 2 2
Let if possible tn = – 150
3 Þ a + (n – 1) d = – 150
and, a + 2d, 5 + 2 × =5+3=8
2 Þ 11 + (n – 1) × (– 3) = – 150
(iv) Let – 4, , , , ,6 be a, a + d, 164 2
a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d and a + 5d. Þ n= = 54
3 3
\a=–4 ...(1)
and, a + 5d = 6 ...(2) It is not possible because n is to be a natural
(2) – (1) gives, 5d = 10 Þ d = 2 number.
\ The missing terms are Hence, – 150 cannot be a term of the AP.
a + d = – 4 + 2 = – 2, 7. Find the 31st term of an AP whose 11th term is
38 and the 16th term is 73.
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Sol. t11 = 38 Þ a + 10d = 38 ....(1) be

t16 = 73, a + 15d = 73 ....(2) a, d + d, a + 2d, .....
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get b, b + d, b + 2d, ..... (a > b)
Þ d=7 We are given that
Then from (1) a = – 32 [ 100th term of the first AP] – [100th term of the
t31 = a + 30 d = – 32 + 30 × 7 = – 32 + 210 = 178 second AP] = 100
8. An AP consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is Þ a – b = 100
12 and the last term is 106. Find the 29th term. Now, [1000th term of the first AP] – [1000th term
Sol. t3 = 12, t50 (last term) = 106 of the second AP]
Þ a + 2d = 12 ....(1) = [a + 999d] – b + 999d]
Þ a + 49d = 106 ....(2) =a–b
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get = 100
Þ d=2 13. How many three–digit numbers are divisible
From (1), by 7?
a=8 Sol. Three digit numbers which are divisible by 7 :
t29 = a + 28d = 8 + 28 × 2 = 64 105, 112, 119, .... 994
9. If the 3rd and the 9th term of an AP are 4 and – 8, Let these numbers be n.
respectively, which term of this AP is zero?
a = 105, d = 7
Sol. t3 = 4, t9= – 8
tn = 994 Þ n = 128
Þ a + 2d = 4 ....(1)
14. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?
a + 8d = – 8 ....(2)
Sol. The multiples of 4 between 10 and 250 are 12, 16,
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get
20, 24, .... 248.
d=–2
Let these numbers be n.
From (1),
a = 12, d = 4
a=8
tn = 248
Let us suppose tn = 0
Þ n = 60
Þ a + (n – 1) d = 0
15. For what value of n, are the nth terms of two APs:
Þ n=5
63, 65, 67,....and 3, 10, 17,.....equal?
Hence, t5 = 0
Sol. Two APs are 63, 65, 67.... ....(1)
10. The 17th term of an AP exceeds its 10th term by
3, 10, 17, .... ....(2)
7. Find the common difference. From (1), first term = 63 and common difference
Sol. t17 – t10 = 7 (Q t17 = t10 + 7) = 2.
Þ {a + 16d} – {a + 9d} = 7 Its nth term = 2n + 61.
or d = 1 From (2), first term = 3 and common difference
11. Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39, .......... will = 7.
be 132 more than its 54th term? Its nth term = 7n – 4
Sol. A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39 ............... Putting 7n – 4 = 2n + 61
Let Tn be 132 more than its T54 Þ n = 13
Þ Tn – T54 = 132 16. Determine the A.P. whose third term is 16 and
Þ {3 + (n – 1)12} –{3+(54 – 1)(12)} = 132 the difference of 5th term from 7th term is 12.
Þ 3 + 12n – 12 – (3 + 53 × 12) = 132 Sol. Let the A.P. are a, a + d, a + 2d, ..........
Þ 12n – 9 – 3 – 636 = 132 then using formula for n th term, tn = a + (n – 1)d
780 t3 = a + (3 – 1)d Þ t3 = a + 2d .......(1)
Þ 12n = 132 + 9 + 3 + 636 = 780 Þ n = = 65
12 and t5 = a + (5 – 1)d Þ t5 = a + 4d ......(2)
12. Tow APs have the same common difference. The t7 = a + (7 – 1)d Þ t7 = a + 6d .......(3)
difference between their 100th terms is 100, what and a + 2d = 16 (Given) ......(4)
is the difference between their 1000th terms? and it is given t7 – t5 = 12
Sol. Let the two APs with same common difference d
 13

(a + 6d) – (a + 4d) = 12 Þ a + 6d – a – 4d = 12 20. Ramkali saved ` 5 in the first week of a year and
Þ 2d = 12 Þ d = 6 then increased her weekly saving by ` 1.75. If in
Putting the value of d = 6 in (4) the nth week, her weekly saving become ` 20.75,
a + 2× 6 = 16 Þ a + 12 = 16 Þ a = 4. The first term find n.
Sol. t1 = ` 5 (saving in the Ist week)
of the A.P. = 4 and common diff. is 6
t2 = ` 5 + × 71.75 = 6.75 (saving in the 2nd
\ A.P. series will be 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40 ........
week)
17. Find the 20th term from the last term of the AP t3 = ` 6.75 + 1.75= 8.50 (saving in the 3rd week)
: 3, 8, 13,.....253, ...............
Sol. The AP is 3, 8, 13, ...., 253 ....(1) tn = `20.75
Its first term = 3 and the common difference = 5. We have the sequence 5, 6.75, 8.50, ....
Now, the AP in the reverse order will have the It is an AP, a = 5 and d = 1.75
first term = 253 and the common difference = – 5 tn = 20.75
The 20th term from the end of the AP Þ a + (n – 1) d = 20.75
= The 20th term of the AP in the reverse order Þ n = 10
= a + 19d Hence, in the 10th week Jasleen's saving will be
= 253 + 19 × (– 5) ` 20.75
= 253 – 95 = 158
18. The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an AP is 24 EXERCISE 5.3
and the some of the 6th and 10 terms is 44. Find 1. Find the sum of the following APs:
the first three terms of the AP. (i) 2, 7, 12,..., to 10 terms.
Sol. t4 + t8 = 24 ; t6 + t10 = 44 (ii) – 37, – 33, – 29,..., to 12 terms.
Þ (a + 3d) + (a + 7d) = 24 ; (a + 5d) + (a + 9d) = (iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8,.....to 100 terms.
44
Þ 2a + 10d = 24 ; 2a + 14d = 44 1 1 1
(iv) , , , ..., to 11 terms.
We have a + 5d = 12 ....(1) 15 12 10
and a + 7d = 22 ....(2) Sol. (i) a = 2, d = 5
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get d = 5
From (1) 10
S10 = [2a + 9d]
a = – 13 2
Then t1 = – 13, t2 = – 8, t3 = – 3.
Hence, the first three terms are – 13, – 8, – 3 æ n ö
19. Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual çèQ Sn = {2a + [n - 1]d }÷ø
2
salary of ` 5000 and received an increment of
= 5 × [2 × 2 + 9× 5) = 5 × 49 = 245
` 200 each year. In which year did his income
reach ` 7000? (ii) Let a be the first term and d be the common
Sol. (1995) (1996) (1997) .... difference of the given AP. Then, we have
` 5000 ` 5200 ` 5400 .... ` 7000 a = – 37, d = – 33 – (–37) = – 33 + 37 = 4
t1 t2 t3 .... tn We have to find the sum of 12 terms of the
a = 5000, d = 200 given AP.
tn = 7000 Putting a = – 37, d = 4, n = 12 in
Þ a + (n – 1) d = 7000
Þ n = 11 n
Sn = [2a + ( n - 1) d ], we get
Now, we have the sequence 1995, 1996, 1997, ..... 2
It is an AP whose first term = 1995
and the common difference = 1 12
S12 = [2 ´ -37 + (12 - 1)4]
The 11th term of this AP = 1995 + (11 – 1) × 1 2
= 2005 = 6 (–74 + 11 × 4)
Hence, in the year 2005 = 6(–74 + 44) = 6 ×(–30) = –180
Suba Rao's salary will be ` 7000.
14

(iii) Let a be the first term and d be the common 7

Þ 7 + (n – 1) × = 84
difference of the given AP. Then, we have 2
a = 0.6, d = 1.7 – 0.6 = 1.1 7
We have to find the sum of 100 terms of the Þ (n –1) × = 77
2
given AP
7
Putting a = 0.6, d = 1.1, n = 100 in Þ n – 1 = 77 × = 22
2
n Þ n = 23
Sn = [2a + (n –1)d], we get
2 n 23
The sum = { 4 + tn) = {7 + 84}
100 2 2
S100 = [2 × 0.6 + (100 –1) 1.1]
2 23 2093 1
= × 91 = = 1046
= 50(1.2 + 99 × 1.1) = 50(1.2 + 108.9) 2 2 2
= 50 ×110.1 = 5505 (ii) Here, the last term is given. We will first have
(iv) Let a be the first term and d be the common to find the number of terms.
difference of the given AP. Then, we have a = 34, d = 32 – 34 = –2, l = an = 10
\ 10 = a + (n – 1) d
1 1 1 5-4 1 Þ 10 = 34 + (n – 1) (–2)
a= ,d = - = =
15 12 15 60 60 Þ (–2) (n – 1) = 10 – 34
We have to find the sum of 11 terms of the Þ (–2) (n – 1) = – 24
given AP. Þ n – 1 = 12
Þ n = 12 + 1 = 13
1 1
Putting a = ,d = , n = 11 in n
15 60 Using Sn = (a + l ), we have
2
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d], we get 13 13
2 S13 = (34 + 10) = ´ 44
2 2
11 é 1 1ù = 13 × 22 = 286
S11 = ê 2 ´ + (11 - 1) ú (iii) Here, the last term is given. We will first have
2 ë 15 60 û
to find the number of terms.
11 æ 2 1ö
= ç + 10 ´ ÷ a = –5, d = –8 – (–5) = – 8 + 5 = –3,
2 è 15 60 ø l = an = –230
11 æ 2 1 ö 11 4 + 5 \ –230 = a + (n – 1)d
= ç + ÷= ´ Þ –230 = – 5 + (n – 1)(–3)
2 è 15 6 ø 2 30
Þ (–3) (n – 1) = – 230 + 5
11 9 33 Þ (–3) (n – 1) = – 225
= ´ =
2 30 20
-225
2. Find the sums given below: Þn–1= Þ n – 1 = 75
-3
1
(i) 7 + 10 + 14 + ... + 84 Þ n = 75 + 1 = 76
2
n
(ii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ... + 10 Using S n = (a + l ), we have
(iii) – 5+ (– 8 ) + (– 11) + ...+ (– 230) 2

1 1 7 76
Sol. (i)a = 7, d = 10 – 7 = 3 = S76 = ( -5 - 230) = 38 × – 235 = – 8930
2 2 2 2
l = tn = 84 3. In an AP:
Þ a + (n – 1) d = 84 (i) given a = 5, d = 3, an = 50, find n and Sn
(ii) given a= 7, a13 = 35, find d and S13
7
Þ 7 + (n – 1) × = 84 (iii) given a12 = 37, d = 3, find a and S12.
2 (iv) given a3=15, S10 = 125 find d and a10’
 15

(v) given d = 5, S9 = 75, find a and a9’ 9

(vi) given a = 2, d = 8, S n = 90, find n and an Þ [2a + (9 - 1)5] = 75
2
(vii) given a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210, find n
and d. 9
Þ (2a + 40) = 75
(viii) given an = 4, d =2, Sn= –14, find n and a. 2
(ix) given a =3, n = 8, S = 192, find d. Þ 9a + 180 = 75
(x) given l = 28, S = 144, and there are total Þ 9a = 75 – 180
9 terms. Find a Þ 9a = – 105
Sol. (i) a = 5, d = 3, an = 50 -105 -35
Þ a + (n –1) d = 50 Þ a= =
9 3
Þ 5 + (n – 1) (3) = 50
Þ 5 + 3n – 3 = 50 or 3n = 48 or n = 16 -35
Now, a9 = a + 8d = +8´5
16 3
S16 = = (2a + 15d) = 8 (10 + 15 × 3) = 440
2 -35 + 120 85
(ii) a13 = 35 = =
3 3
Þ a + 12d = 35
Þ 7 + 12d = 35 -35 85
Hence, a = and a9 =
Þ 12d = 28 3 3
7 (vi) We have, a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90
Þ d= Sn = 90
3
13 13 n
Þ [2 ´ 2 + ( n - 1)8] = 90
S13 = (t1 + t13) = × (7 + 35) = 273 2
2 2
(iii) a12 = 37 n
Þ a + 11d = 37 Þ (4 + 8n - 8) = 90
2
Þ a + 11 × 3 = 37
Þ a=4 n
Þ (8n - 4) = 90
2
S12 = 12 (t2 + t12 ) = 6 × (4 + 37) = 246 Þ n(4n – 2) = 90
2 Þ 4n2 – 2n – 90 = 0
(iv) a3 = 15 ...(1)
Þ a + 2d = 15 -(-2) ± ( -2) 2 - 4 ´ 4 ´ (-90)
Þ a = 15 – 2d \n=
2´ 4
S10 = 125
10 2 ± 4 + 1440 2 ± 1444 2 ± 38
Þ (2a + 9d ) = 125 = = =
2 8 8 8
Þ 5 (2 (15 – 2d) + 9d ) = 125 40 -36 -9
Þ 5 (30 + 5d) = 125 = , = 5,
8 8 2
Þ 30 + 5d = 25
5d = – 5 or d = – 1 But n cannot be negative
From (1), \n=5
a = 15 – 2 (–1) = 17 Now, an = a + (n – 1)d
a10 = a + 9d = 17 + 9 (– 1) = 8 Þ a5 = 2 + (5 –1)8 = 2 + 32 = 34
a10 = 8 Hence, n = 5 and an = 34
(v) We have, d = 5, S9 = 75 (vii) a = 8, an = 62
Let a be the first term of the given AP. Then, Sn = 210
S9 = 75 n
Þ (a + a ) = 210
2 1 n
16

n Þ t = 28
9
Þ × (8 + 62) = 210 Þ a + 8d = 28
2 S = 144, i.e. S9 = 144
Þ n=6
Now, an = 62 9 9
Þ (t1 + t9) = 144 Þ (a + 28) = 144
Þ a6 = 62 Þ a + 5d = 62 2 2
Þ 8 + 5d = 62 Þ a + 28 = 32 Þ a = 4
4. How many terms so the AP 9, 17, 25,.....must be
54
Þ d= taken to given sum of 636?
5 Sol. a = 9, d = 8
(viii) We have, an = 4, d = 2, Sn = –14 Let Sn = 636
Let a be the first term of the given AP. Then,
n
an = 4 Þ [ 2a + (n – 1) d] = 636
Þ a + (n –1)2 = 4 [ Q d = 2] 2
Þ a = 4 – 2(n – 1) ...(1) n
and Sn = –14 Þ ( 2 × 9 + (n – 1) (8) } = 636
2
n
Þ (a + l ) = -14 [Q l = an] 96 53
2 = -= n = - or 12
8 4
Þ n (a + 4) = – 28
Þ n [4 – 2(n – 1) + 4] = – 28 53
We reject n = – Þ n = 12
Þ n (4 – 2n + 2 + 4) = – 28 4
Þ n ( – 2n + 10) = – 28
Hence, 12 terms makes the sum
Þ n (– n + 5) = – 14
Þ –n2 + 5n = – 14 5. The first term of an AP is 5, the last term is 45
Þ n2 – 5n – 14 = 0 and the sum is 400. Find the number of terms
Þ (n – 7) (n + 2) = 0 and the common difference.
n = 7 or – 2 Sol. a = 5, last term tn = 45 and Sn = 400
But n cannot be negative Sn = 400
\ n=7
n n
Putting n = 7 in (1), we get Þ (t + t ) = 400 Þ (5 + 45) = 400
a = 4 – 2(7 – 1) = 4 – 2 × 6 2 1 n 2
= 4 – 12 = – 8 Þ n = 16
Hence, n = 7 and a = – 8 Now, tn = 45
(ix) We have, a = 3, n = 8, S = 192 Þ t = 45 Þ a + 15d = 45
16
Let d be the common difference of the given
AP, 8
Þ d=
n 3
Sn = [2a + (n - 1)d ]
2 6. The first and the last terms of an AP are 17 and
8 350 respectively. If the common difference is 9,
Þ 192 = [2 × 3 + (8 –1)d] how many terms are there and what is their sum?
2
Þ 192 = 4(6 + 7d) Sol. a = 17, l (last term) = 350, d = 9
Þ 48 = 6 + 7d Let the number of terms be n.
Þ 7d = 48 – 6 Þ 7d = 42 Now, l = 350
42 Þ t = 350
n
Þ d= =6 Þ a + (n – 1) d = 350
7
Hence, d = 6 Þ n =38
(x) l = 28, i.e., tn = 28 n 38
Sum = (a + 1)= (17 + 350} = 6973
2 2
 17

7. Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which a1 = 9 – 5 × 1 = 4

d = 7 and 22nd term is 149. a2 = 9 – 5 × 2 = –1
Sol. d = 7, t22 = 149 a3 = 9 – 5 × 3 = –6
Þ a + 21 d = 149 Þ a = 2 a4 = 9 – 5 × 4 = – 11
The required sequence is :
22 4, –1, –6, –11...., 9 – 5n,....
S22 = (t + t ) = 11 × (2 + 149)
2 1 22 Here, –1–4 = –6 – (–1) = –11 – (–6) = (–5)
= 11 × 151 = 1661 a = 4, d = –5
8. Find the sum of the first 51 terms of the A.P. 1
Sn = n [ a1 + (n –1) d ]
whose second and third term are respectively 2
1
14 and 18. = 15 [ 4 + (15 – 1) (–5)] = 15 (4 – 35) = 15
Sol. Using nth term formula, tn = a + (n – 1)d ; 2
t2 = a + (2 – 1)d (– 31) = –465
t2 = a + d , 14 = a + d ....(1) 11. If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 4n – n2,
and t3 = a + (3 – 1)d Þ 18 = a + 2d ....(2) what is the first term (that is S1)? What is the
Solving (1) and (2) we have, d = 4 sum of first two terms? What is the second
from (1) 14 = a + 4 Þ a = 10 term? Similarly, find the 3rd, the 10th and the
51 nth terms.
\ S51 = [2 ´10 + (51 - 1) ´ 4] = 5610 Sol. Sn = 4n – n2
2
9. If the sum of 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 Putting n = 1, we get S1 = 4 – 1 = 3
terms is 289, find the sum of n terms. S2 = 4 Þ t2 = 1
Sol. S7 = 49 t2 – t1 = 1 – 3 = – 2
Þ a+3d=7 ....(1) Þ d=–2
S17 = 289 Then, t3 = t2 + d = 1 – 2 = – 1, i.e., t3 = – 1
Þ a + 8 d = 17 ....(2) t10 = a + 9d = 3 + 9 (– 2) Þ t10 = – 15
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get tn = a + (n – 1) d = 3 × (n – 1) × (– 2)
Þ d=2 i.e., tn = 5 – 2 n
From (1) a=1 12. Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers
n n divisible by 6.
Sn = (2a + (n – 1) d) = (2n) = n2 Sol. 6, 12, 18, 24, .....
2 2
a = 6, d = 6
Hence, Sn = n2
40
10. Show that a1 + a2,......, an,...... form an AP where S40 = × (2a + 39d) = 20 × (12 + 39 × 6)
an is defined as below : 2
(i) an = 3 + 4n (ii) an = 9 – 5n = 20 × 246 = 4920
Also find the sum of the first 15 terms in each 13. Find the sum of the first 15 multiples of 8.
Sol. 8, 16, 24, 32, ....
case.
a = 8, d = 8
Sol. (i) an = 3 + 4n
Putting n = 1, 2, 3, 4, .... in (1) we get 15 15
S15 = 5 (2a +14d) = × (16 + 14× 8)
a1 = 3 + 4 = 7, a2 = 3 + 8 = 11, a3 2 2
= 3 +12 = 15, a4 = 3 + 16 = 19, ..... 15
Thus, the sequence (list of numbers) is 7, 11, 15, = × 128 = 960
2
19 , ..... 14. Find the sum of the odd numbers between 0 and
Here, a2 – a1 = 11 – 7 = 4, a3 – a2 = 15 – 11 = 4, a4 50.
– a3 = 19 – 15 = 4 Sol. 1, 3, 5, 7, ...... 49
Therefore, the sequence forms an AP in which a = 1, d = 2
a = 7 and d = 4 l = tn = 49
15 15
15 Þ a + (n – 1) d = 49
S15 = (2a + 14 d ) = × 70 = 15 ×35 = 525
2 22 n = 25
(ii) an = 9 – 5n 25
The sum = (a + l) = 625
2
18

15. A contract on construction job specifies a penalty 3, 6, 9, ....., 36 forms an AP.

for delay of completion beyond a certain date as Here, a = 3, d = 3, n = 12, l = 36.
follows: ` 200 for the first day, ` 250 for the 12
Total number of trees = S12 = (a + l)
second day, ` 300 for the third day, etc., the 2
penalty for each succeeding day being ` 50 more = 6 × (3 + 36) = 234
than for the preceding day. How much money the 18. A spiral is made up of successive semicircles,
contractor has to pay as penalty, if he has delayed with centres alternately at A and B, starting with
the work by 30 days? centre at A, of radii 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm,1.5 cm, 2.0
Sol. ` 200 ` 250 ` 300, ... cm,... as shown in Fig. What is the total length of
such a spiral made up of thirteen consecutive
a = 200, d = 50 n = 30
22
30 semicircles? (take π = )
Total penalty for the delay of 30 days = 7
2 [Hint : Length of successive semicircles is l1,
(2a + 29d) ` = 15 × (2 × 200 + 29 × 50) ` l2, l3, l4,........ with centres at A, B, A, B, ........
respectively.]
= 15 × (400 + 1450) ` = ` 27750
16. A sum of ` 700 is to be used to given seven cash
prizes to students of a school for their overall
academic performance. If each prize is ` 20
less than its proceeding prize, find the value of
each of the prizes.
Sol. Let the Ist prize be of ` a.
Then the next prize will be of ` (a – 20)
Then the next prize will be of ` (a – 20 – 20) i.e.
(a – 40) Sol. From the figure
Thus, the seven prizes are of a. (a – 20), (a – 40) 1 3
.... (an AP) l1 = p ´ , l 2 = p ´ 1, l 3 = p ´ , l 4 = p ´ 2,
2 2
Then a + (a – 20) + (a – 40) + .... to 7 terms = 700 and so.
7
Þ (2a + 6 × (– 20) = 700 1 3
2 i.e., l1 = p, l 2 = p, l 3 = p, l 4 = 2 p,....
2 2
7
Þ (2a – 120) = 700 Thus, l 1, l 2, l 3, l 4 .... forms an AP.
2
Þ a – 60 = 100 Þ a = 160 1
Q l 2 – l 1 = l 3 – l 1 = l 4– l 3 = .... = 2 p
Thus, the 7 prizes are of `160, `140, `120, `100
` 80, ` 60, `40. p p
17. In a school, students thought of planting trees in Thus, a = , d =
and around the school to reduce air pollution. It 2 2
was decided that the number of trees, that each Length of the spiral = l 1 + l 2 + ....+ l 13
section of each class will plant, will be the same
as the class, in which they are studying e.g., a 13
= (2a + 12d ) = 143 cm
section of Class I will plant one tree, a section of 2
Class II will plant 2 trees and so on till Class XII. 19. 200 logs are stacked in the following manner :
There are three sections of each class. How many 20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in the next row, 18
trees will be planted by the students? in the row next to it and so on (see Fig.). In how
Sol. Trees planted by the three sections of class I
many rows are the 200 logs placed and how many
=3× 1=3
Trees planted by the three sections of class II logs are in the top row?
=3× 2=6
Trees planted by the three sections of class III
= 3 × 3 = 9 ...............
Trees planted by the three sections of class XII
= 3 × 12 = 36.
 19

Sol. 16 rows, 5 logs are placed in the top row. By 2. The sum of the third and the seventh terms of an
putting S = 200, a = 20, d = –1 in the formula AP is 6 and their product is 8. Find the sum of
n first sixteen terms of the AP.
S= [2a + (n – 1)d], we get, 41n – n2 = 400. On Sol. Let the AP be a – 4d, a – 3d, a – 2d, a – d, a,
2
a + a + 2d, a + 3d,..........
s o l v i n g ,
n = 16, 25. Therefore, the number of rows is either Then, a3 = a – 2d, a7 = a – 2d
16 or 25. a25 = a + 24d = –4 Þ a3 + a7 = a – 2d + a – 2d = 6
i.e., number of logs in 25th row is –4 which is not Þ 2a = 6 Þ a = 3 ......(1)
possible. Therefore n = 25 is not possible. For Also, (a – 2d) (a + 2d) = 8
n = 16, a16 = 5. Therefore, there are 16 rows and 5 Þ a2 – 4d2 = 8 Þ 4d2 = a2 – 8
logs placed in the top row.
Þ 4d2 = (3)2 – 8 = 9 – 8 = 1
20. In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting
point, which is 5 m from the first potato, and the 1 1
Þ d2 = Þ d=±
other potatoes are placed 3m apart in a straight 4 2
line. There are ten potatoes in the line (see Fig.) 1
Taking d =
A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up 2
the nearest potato, runs back with it, drops it in
16
the bucket, runs back to pick up the next potato, S16 = [2 ´ (a – 4d ) + (16 – 1) ´ d ]
runs to the bucket to drop it in, and she continues 2
in the same way until all the potatoes are in the
bucket. What is the total distance the competitor é æ 1ö 1ù
= 8 ê 2 ´ ç 3 – 4 ´ ÷ + 15 ´ ú
has to run? ë è 2ø 2û
[Hint : To pickup the first potato and the second
potato, the total distance (in metres) run by a é 15 ù 19
= 8 ê2 + ú = 8 ´ = 76
competitor is 2 × 5 + 2 × (5 + 3)] ë 2û 2
1
Taking d = –
2
5m 3m 3m
16
Sol. 370 m S16 = [2 ´ (a – 4d ) + (16 –1) ´ d ]
2
EXERCISE 5.4
é æ 1ö 1ù
1. Which term of the AP: 121, 177, 113,...,is its = 8 ê 2 ´ ç 3 – 4 ´ – ÷ + 15 ´ – ú
ë è 2 ø 2 û
first negative term? [Hint: Find n for an < 0]
Sol. 121, 117, 113,......... é 15 ù é 20 –15 ù
= 8 ê2 ´ 5 – ú = 8 ê
a = 121, d = 117 – 121 = – 4 ë 2 û ë 2 úû
a n = a + (n – 1) d 5
= 121 + (n – 1) × – 4 = 8´ = 20
2
= 121 – 4n + 4 = 125 – 4n \ S16 = 20, 76
For the first negative term
3. A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart. (see Fig. 5.7).
an < 0 Þ 125 – 4n < 0 The rungs decrease uniformly in length from
125 1 45 cm at the bottom to 25 cm at the top. If the top
Þ 125 < 4n Þ < n Þ 31 < n
4 4 1
1 and the bottom rungs are 2 m apart, what is
2
n is an integer and n > 31 the length of the wood required for the rungs?
4
Þ The first negative term is 32nd term.
20

x2 – x + x2 + x
Þ = 49 ´ 25
2
25 cm
Þ x 2 = 49 ´ 25 Þ x = ±7 ´ 5
Q x is a counting number, so taking positive
1 square root, x = 7 × 5 = 35.
2 m
2 5. A small terrace at a football ground comprises
of 15 steps each of which is 50 m long and built
25 cm of solid concrete.
1 1
45 cm Each step has a rise of m and a tread of m.
4 2
250 (see Fig). Calculate the total volume of concrete
[Hint : Number of rungs = ]
25 required to build the terrace.
1 [Hint : Volume of concrete required to build the
2 m 250cm
Sol. Number of rungs, n = 2 = = 10
25cm 1 1
25cm first step = × × 50m3]
So, there are 10 rungs 4 2
The length of the wood required for rungs
10
= sum of 10 rungs = [25 + 45]
2
= 5 × 70 = 350 cm.
4. The houses of a row are numbered consecutively
from 1 to 49. Show that there is a value of x such
that the sum of the numbers of the houses
preceding the house numbered x is equal to the
sum of the numbers of the houses fallowing it.
Find this value of x. [Hint : Sx – 1 = S49 – Sx] Sol. Volume of concrete required to build the first step,
Sol. Here, a = 1, and d = 1 second step, third step, ..... (in m3) are
x –1
\ Sn –1 = [2 ´ 1 + ( x –1 –1) ´ 1]
2
1 1 æ 1ö 1 æ 1ö 1
x –1 ( x – 1)( x ) x2 – x ´ ´ 50, ç 2 ´ ÷ ´ ´ 50, ç 3 ´ ÷ ´ ´ 50,...
= (2 + x – 2) = = 4 2 è 4ø 2 è 4ø 2
2 2 2
x x x2 + x 50 50 50
Sn = [2 ´ 1 + ( x - 1) ´1] = ( x + 1) = i.e., , 2 ´ ,3 ´ ,......
2 2 2 8 8 8
49 \ Total volume of concrete required
and, S49 = [2 ´1 + (49 –1) ´1]
2
50 50 50
49 49 = + 2 ´ + 3 ´ + ....
= [2 + 48] = ´ 50 = 49 × 25 8 8 8
2 2
According to the question, 50
= [1 + 2 + 3 + ...]
Sn –1 = S49 – Sx 8

x2 – x x2 + x 50 15
i.e., = 49 ´ 25 – = ´ [2 ´ 1 + (15 –1) ´ 1] [Q n = 15]
2 2 8 2
x2 – x x2 + x
Þ + = 49 ´ 25 50 15
2 2 = ´ ´ 16 = 750 m3 .
8 2
 21

Very Short Answer Questions [1 Mark] 7. Ramkali required `2500 after 12 weeks to send
1. The common difference of the AP her daughter to school. She saved `100 in the
first week and increased her weekly saving by
1 1 - p 1 - 2p `20 every week. Find whether she will be able to
, , , .... is: [2013]
p p p send her daughter to school after 12 weeks.
2. The first three terms of an AP respectively are What value is generated in the above situation?
3y – 1, 3y + 5 and 5y + 1. Then y equals: [2015]
8. The 14th term of an AP is twice its 8th term. If its
[2014]
6th term is –8, then find the sum of its first 20
3. If k, 2k – 1 and 2k + 1 are three consecutive terms
terms. [2015]
of an AP the value of k is [2014]
9. Find the 60th term of the AP 8, 10, 12, ...., if it has
4. Find the middle term of the A.P. 6, 13, 20, ....., 216. a total of 60 terms and hence find the sum of its
[2015] last 10 terms. [2015]
5. In an AP, if S5 + S7 = 167 and S10 = 235, then find 10. How many terms of the A.P. 18, 16, 14, .... be
the AP, where Sn denotes the sum of its first n taken so that their sum is zero? [2016]
terms. [2015] 11. If the sum of first 7 terms of an A.P. is 49 and that
6. Find the 9th term from the end (towards the first of its first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of first n
term) of the AP. 5, 9, 13, ......185. [2016] terms of the A.P. [2016]
7. For what value of k will k + 9, 2k – 1 and 2k + 7 are 12. The 4th term of an A.P. is zero. Prove that the
the consecutive terms of an A.P. ? [2016] 25th term of the A.P. is three times its 11th term.
8. What is the common difference of an A.P. in [2016]
which a21 – a7 = 84 ? [2017] 13. If the ratio of the sum of first n terms of two
Short Answer Questions [2 or 3 Marks] A.P’s is (7n + 1) : (4n + 27), find the ratio of their
mth terms. [2016]
1. Find the number of terms of the AP 18, 15½, 13,
....., – 49½ and find the sum of all its terms. 1 1
14. If mth term of an A.P. is and n th term is ,
[2013] n m
2. The first and the last terms of an AP are 5 and 45 then find the sum of its first mn terms.
respectively. If the sum of all its terms is 400, [2017]
find its common difference. [2014] 15. Find the sum of n terms of the series
1 æ 1ö æ 2ö æ 3ö
3. If the seventh term of an AP is and its ninth ç 4 - ÷ + ç 4 - ÷ + ç 4 - ÷ + ..... [2017]
9 è nø è nø è nø
16. Which term of the progression 20,
1
term is , find its 63rd term. [2014] 1 1 3
7 19 ,18 ,17 ,.... is the first negative term ?
4. Find the number of natural numbers between 4 2 4
101 and 999 which are divisible by both 2 and 5. [2017]
[2014] 17. The first term of an A.P. is 5, the last term is 45
and the sum of all its terms is 400. Find the
5. The sum of the 5th and the 9th terms of an AP is
number of terms and the common difference of
30. If its 25th term is three times its 8th term, find
the A.P. [2017]
the AP. [2014]
6. If Sn, denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P., Long Answer Questions [4 Marks]
prove that S12 = 3 (S8 – S4). [2015] 1. If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that
of first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of its first n
terms. [2013]
22

2. In an AP of 50 terms, the sum of first 10 terms is
210 and the sum of its last 15 terms is 2565. Find
the A.P. [2014]
3. In a school, students decided to plant trees in
and around the school to reduce air pollution. It
was decided that the number of trees, that each
section of each class will plant, will be double of
the class in which they are studying. If there are
1 to 12 classes in the school and each class has
two sections, find how many trees were planted
by the students. Which value is shown in this
question? [2014]
4. The houses in a row are numbered consecutively
from 1 to 49. Show that there exists a value of X
such that sum of numbers of house preceeding
the house numbered X is equal to sum of the
numbers of houses following X. [2016]
5. The ratio of the sums of first m and first n terms
of an A.P. is m2 : n2. Show that the ratio of its mth
and n th terms is (2m – 1) : (2n – 1). [2017]
6. If the ratio of the sum of the first n terms of two
A.Ps is (7n + 1) : (4n + 27), then find the ratio of
their 9th terms. [2017]

Very Short Answer Questions [1 Mark] 16. If (x + 1), 3x and (4x + 2) are in A.P., find the value
of x.
DIRECTIONS : Give answer in one word or one sentence. Short Answer Questions [2 or 3 Marks]
1. If p, q, r are in A.P. then find the value of
p3 + r3 – 8q3. DIRECTIONS : Give answer in one word or one sentence.
2. Find the value of the expression 1 – 6 + 2 – 7 + 3
– 8 + ........... to 100 terms. 1. The common difference of an A.P. is –2. Find its
sum, if its first term is 100 and the last term is
4
3. If , a, 2 are three consecutive terms of an AP –10.
5
then find the value of a. 2. Find
(i) The 10th term of –40, –15, 10, 35.......
4. Find the next term of A.P. 2, 8, 18, ....... ?
5. Find the value of k if 10, k, – 2 are in A.P. 3 5 7 9
(ii) The 9th term of , , , ......
3 1 1 3 4 4 4 4
6. For the A.P. : , , – , – .....
2 2 2 2 3. Find the value of K, if the given value of x is the
What is the first term and common difference?
Kth term of the given A.P.?
7. What is a sequence?
8. When is a sequence called an arithmetic –1, –3, –5, –7, .., x = –151.
progression ? 4. Find a30 – a20 for 295, 290, 285,.......
9. What is the nth term of a arithmetic progression? 5. Find the sum of the
10. What is the sum of n terms of an A.P.? (i) First 11 terms of the A.P. : 2, 6, 10,......
11. In an A.P. if 3 times its 3rd term is equal to 7 times (ii) First 13 terms of the A.P : –6, 0, 6,.......
its 7th term then find the 10th term.
6. Find the sum
12. Find the 15th term from the end of the A.P. 7, 10,
13, ....., 130. (i) 2 + 4 + 6 ....... + 200
13. Is the sequence –2, 2, –2, 2 forms an A.P.? (ii) 3 + 11 + 19 + ... + 803
n (n – 3) 7. Write the sequence with nth term :
14. If an = then find 18th term of this (i) 3 + 4n
n+4
sequence. (ii) 5 + 2n
15. Which term of the AP 21, 18, 15 ............. is zero? (iii) 6 – n
 23

8. Show that (a – b)2, (a2 + b2) and (a + b)2 are in 27. Find four terms in A.P. Such that their sum is
A.P. –8 and product is 385.
9. How many two-digit whole numbers are divisible 28. If the sum of first p term of an A.P. is the same as
by 7 ? the sum of its first q terms (where p ¹ q) then
10. Find the sum of the first 25 terms of an A.P whose show that the sum of its first (p+q) terms is zero.
nth term is given by tn = 7 –3n. 29. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is given by
11. The 8th term of an A.P. is –23 and its 12th term is Sn = (3n2 + 2n), find its (i) nth term (ii) first term
–39, find the A.P. (iii) common difference.
12. The 7th term of an A.P. is –4 and its 13 term is 30. Show that a2, b2, c2 are in A.P., if
–16, find A.P. 1 1 1
, , are in A.P..
13. Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39, .......... will be b+c c+a a +b
120 more than its 64th term ? 31. If m times the m th term of an A.P. is equal to n
14. If nth term of an A.P. is (2n + 1), find the sum of times its nth term, show that (m + n)th term of
first n terms of the A.P. the A.P. is zero.
15. The first term of an A.P. is 5 and its common 32. Find the A.P. whose nth term is given by
difference is –3, find the 11th term of an A.P. Tn = 2n –1. Also find first term and common
16. Which term of the sequence 45, 41, 37, 33, .... is difference.
the first negative term ?
33. Two A.P.’s have the same common difference.
17. Find the nth term and the term indicated against The difference between their 100th terms is
of the following sequence 111222333. What is the difference between their
1 1 + 2p 1 + 4p , ... t
, , 8 millionth terms?
p p p 34. Which term in the A.P. 5, 2, –1, ......is (– 22)?
18. If eight times the 8th term of an A.P. is equal to 12 35. The third term of an A.P. is 25 and the tenth term
times the 12th term of the A.P. then find the 20th is –3. Find the first term and C.D. Also find A.P.
term. and general terms. Deduce T50.
19. The first term of an A.P. is 5 and its 100th term is 36. Find the sum of 14 terms of the series
–292. Find the 50th term of this A.P.
5 + 3 + 1 +............
20. Which term of A.P. 21, 42, 63, 84, ....... is 420 ?
37. The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P. The
21. Prove that no matter what the real number a and
smallest angle is 120º and the C.D. is 5º. Find the
b are, the sequence with nth term a + nb is always
number of sides of polygon.
an A.P. What is the common difference? What
is the sum of first 20 terms? 38. If 7 times the seventh term of an A.P. is equal to
22. Find the sum of first 24 terms of the sequence 11 times its 11th term. Show that the 18th term of
the A.P. is zero.
2n
whose nth term is a n = 3 + Long Answer Questions [4 Marks]
3
23. Find the value of 70 + 68 + 66 + ...... + 40. DIRECTIONS: Give answer in four to five sentences.
24. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 1 1. Find out the common difference :
and 99 which are multiples of 5. (i) a + b, (a + 1) + b, (a + 1) + (b + 1), (a + 2) +
25. Find the common difference of an A.P. whose (b + 1), (a + 2) + (b + 2)
first term is 100 and the sum of whose first six (ii) p, p + 90, p + 180, p + 270, ... Where p = (999)
(iii) P + Q, (P + 5) + Q
terms is 5 times the sum of the next six terms.
(iv) 119, 136, 153, 170
26. Determine ‘k’ so that (k + 2), (4k – 6) and
(3k – 2) are three consecutive terms of an A.P. 1 1 3
(v) 0, , , ......
4 2 4
24

the end of 1,2,3, .... years. Is the sequence of

æ1 1ö æ1 1ö æ1 1 ö
2. If a ç + ÷ , b ç + ÷ , c ç + ÷ , are in A.P., interests an A.P.? Find the interest at the end
èb cø èa cø èa bø of 30 years.
prove that a, b, c are in A.P. 12. How many term of the sequence –2, 3, 8, 13
3. Find the sum of first 18 terms of an A.P. whose .......... make the sum 568?
nth term is 3 – 2x. 13. If the sum of p terms of an A.P. is q and the sum
4. Find the number of terms of the A.P. 63, 60, 57, of q terms is p then
.......... so that their sum is 693. Show that sum of (p – q) terms
5. The 8th and 15th terms of an A.P. are 5 and 33
æ 2p ö
respectively. Find the 5th term and n th term. = (p - q)çç1 + ÷÷ .
6. The 4th term of an A.P. is equal to 3 times the è q ø
first term and the 7th term exceeds twice the 14. Find three terms in A.P. Such that their sum is
third term by 1. Find the Ist term of A.P. 3 and product is –8.
7. Find ‘k’, if the given value of X is the k th term 15. In a given A.P., if the pth term is q and qth term
of the given A.P. is p then show that its nth term is (p + q – n).
(i) 25, 50, 75, 100, ..... ; X = 1000 16. If the pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. be a, b,
21 31 41 171 c respectively then show that a (q – r) + b (r – p)
(ii) 1, , , ,.......;X = + c (p –q) = 0
11 11 11 11 æ1ö
8. Two A.P.’s have the same common difference. 17. If the pth term of an A.P. is çç q ÷÷ and its qth
The first term of one of these is 3, and that of è ø
æ1ö
the other is 8. What is the difference between ç ÷
term is ç p ÷ , show that the sum of its first pq
their (a) 2nd terms ? (b) 4th terms ? (c) 10th è ø
1
terms ? (d) 30th terms? terms is (pq + 1) .
2
9. Find the sum of the (i) 11 terms of the A.P. 2, 6, 18. If a1, a2, a3, .........., an are in A.P. of non-zero
10, ....... (ii) first 51 terms of the A.P. whose terms, prove that
second term is 2 and fourth term is 8. 1 1 1 n –1
10. Find the sum ; (i) 2 + 4 + 6 + ......... + 200, + + ......... + =
a1 a 2 a 2 a 3 a n –1 a n a 1 an
(ii) –5 + (–8) + (–11) + ....... + (–230),
(iii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + .... + 199 19. If S1, S2, S3, be the sum of n, 2n and 3n terms
11. A sum of 1000 is invested at 8% simple respectively of an A.P., prove that
S3 = 3 (S2 – S1)
interest per annum. Calculate the interest at

Very Short Answer Questions [1 Mark] Short Answer Questions [2 or 3 Marks]

1. The sum of the third and the seventh terms of
1. If the ratio of the sum of n terms of two A.P.s is
an A.P. is 6 and their product is 8. Find the sum
(3n – 13) : (5n + 21), then find the ratio of 24th
of first sixteen terms of the A.P. [HOTS]
terms of the two progression. [HOTS]
2. Find a, b and c such that the following numbers
1 1
2. If the pth term of an A.P. is and qth term . are in AP, a, 7, b, 23 and c. [Exempler]
q p 3. Determine the AP whose fifth term is 19 and the
Prove that the sum of the first pq terms is
difference of the eighth term from the thirteenth
1 term is 20. [Exempler]
( pq + 1) . [HOTS]
2 4. Which term of the AP 53, 48, 43, ..... is the first
negative term? [Exempler]
 25

Long Answer Questions [4 Marks]
1. Find the sum of the integers lying between 1
and 100 (both inclusive) and divisible by 3, 5 or
7. [HOTS]
2. The digits of a positive integer having three
digits are in A.P. and their sum is 15. If the number
obtained by reversing the digits is 594 less than
the original number, then find the number.
[HOTS]
3. In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting
point, which is 5 m from the first potato and the
other potatoes are placed 3 m apart in a straight
line. There are ten potatoes in the line. (see fig.)
Each competitor starts from the bucket, picks
up the nearest potato, runs back with it, drops it
in the bucket, runs back to pick up the next
potato, runs to the bucket to drop it in, and she
continues in the same way until all the potatoes
are in the bucket.
(i) What is the total distance the competitor
has to run?
(ii) Which mathematical concept is used in the
above problem?
(iii) What is its value? [VBQ]
4. Sham was late by 5 minutes in joining his duty
on the first working day. On the second day, he
was late by 10 minutes, on third day by 15
minutes and so on. After 25 working days he
was shunted out of the job.
(i) Find the total working time avoided by Sham.
(ii) Was the management justified in
dismissing Sham?
[VBQ]

Exemplar MCQs 6. The 21st term of an AP whose first two terms are
1. In an AP, if d = – 4, n = 7 and an = 4, then a is –3 and 4, is
equal to (a) 17 (b) 137
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 143 (d) –143
(c) 20 (d) 28 7. If the 2nd term of an AP is 13 and 5th term is 25,
what is its 7th term?
2. In an AP, if a = 3.5, d = 0 and n = 101, then an will
(a) 30 (b) 33
be
(c) 37 (d) 38
(a) 0 (b) 3.5
8. Which term of an AP : 21, 42, 63, 84, .... is 210?
(c) 103.5 (d) 104.5
(a) 9th (b) 10th
3. The list of numbers –10, –6, –2, 2, .... is (c) 11th (d) 12th
(a) an AP with d = –16 9. If the common difference of an AP is 5, then
(b) an AP with d = 4 what is a18 – a13?
(c) an AP with d = –4 (a) 5 (b) 20
(d) not an AP (c) 25 (d) 30
-5 5 10. What is the common difference of an AP in which
4. The 11th term of an AP -5, , 0, , .... a18 – a14 = 32?
2 2
(a) 8 (b) –8
(a) –20 (b) 20 (c) –4 (d) 4
(c) –30 (d) 30 11. Two APs have the same common difference. The
5. The first four terms of an AP whose first term is first term of one of these is –1 and that of the
–2 and the common difference is –2 are other is –8. The difference between their 4th
(a) –2, 0, 2, 4 (b) –2, 4, –8, 16 terms is
(c) –2, –4, –6, –8 (d) –2, –4, –8, –16 (a) –1 (b) –8
(c) 7 (d) –9
26

12. If 7 times the 7th term of an AP is equal to 3. The value of

11 times its 11th term, then its 18th term will be 1 1 1 1
(a) 7 (b) 11 S= + + + ... + is
2 ´ 7 7 ´12 12 ´ 17 252 ´ 257
(c) 18 (d) 0
[2014]
13. The 4th term from the end of an AP –11, –8, –5,
...., 49 is 5 25
(a) (b)
(a) 37 (b) 40 257 2 ´ 257
(c) 43 (d) 58
35 51
14. The famous mathematician associated with (c) (d)
finding the sum of the first 100 natural numbers 2 ´ 257 2 ´ 257
is 4. The value of [2014]
(a) Pythagoras (b) Newton éæ 1 ö æ 2 ö æ n öù
(c) Gauss (d) Euclid êç1 - n + 1 ÷ + ç1 - n + 1 ÷ + ...... + ç1 - n + 1 ÷ ú is:
15. If the first term of an AP is –5 and the common ëè ø è ø è øû
difference is 2, then the sum of the first 6 terms n
(a) n (b)
is 2
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) n + 1 (d) 2n
(c) 6 (d) 15 5. The first and last terms of an AP of n terms is 1, 31
16. The sum of first 16 terms of the AP 10, 6, 2, .... is respectively. The ratio of 8th term and (n – 2)th
(a) –320 (b) 320 term is 5 : 9, the value of n is: [2014]
(c) –352 (d) –400 (a) 14 (b) 15
17. In an AP, if a = 1, an = 20 and Sn = 399, then n is (c) 16 (d) 13
equal to 1 1 1
(a) 19 (b) 21 6. If , , are in A.P. then
p+q q+r r+p
(c) 38 (d) 42
18. The sum of first five multiples of 3 is [2014-2015]
(a) 45 (b) 55 (a) p, q, r are in A.P.
(c) 65 (d) 75 (b) q2, p2, r2 are in A.P
(c) p2, q2, r2 are in A.P
NTSE Past Year MCQs (d) q, p, r are in A.P
1. If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is given 7. If S1, S2, S3, ......, Sr are the sum of first n terms
by Sn = n2 + 3n, then the first term of the AP is: of r arithmetic progression whose first terms
are 1, 2, 3, ......... and whose common differences
[2012]
are 1, 3, 5, ..... respectively, then the value of
(a) 1 (b) 2 S1+ S2+ S3 + ...... Sr is [2016]
(c) 3 (d) 4 (nr - 1)(nr + 1) (nr + 1)nr
2. The sum of all two digit numbers each of which (a) (b)
2 2
leaves remainder 3 when divided by 5 is
[2012] (nr - 1)nr n(nr + 1)
(c) (d)
(a) 952 (b) 999 2 2
(c) 1064 (d) 1120
 27

Q S10 = 235
5 [2a + 9d] = 235
Very Short Answer Questions 2a + 9d = 47 ...(ii)
After solving (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 - p 1 - 2p a = 1, d = 5
1. The given AP is , , ,................
p p p Hence, given AP is 1, 6, 11, ................
6. Q Common difference of the AP = d = 9 – 5 = 4
æ1 - pö æ 1 ö Last term of the AP = l = 185
So, common difference = ç -
è p ÷ø çè p ÷ø Since the nth term from the end of an AP is
given by l – (n – 1)d.
æ 1 ö æ 1ö So, the 9th term from the end is
= ç - 1÷ - ç ÷
è p ø è pø = 185 – (9 – 1)4
= 185 – 32 = 153
1 1 7. Given k + 9, 2k – 1 and 2k + 7 are in AP.
= -1-
p p \ 2 (2k – 1) = (k + 9) + (2k + 7) [ByArithmetic
=–1 mean]
Therefore, common difference of given AP is –1. Þ 4k – 2 = 3k + 16
2. a1 = 3y – 1, a2 = 3y + 5, a3 = 5y + 1 Þ k = 18
\ a2 – a 1 = a3 – a 2 8. Since, a21 – a7 = 84 ...(i)
Þ (3y + 5) – (3y – 1) = (5y + 1) – (3y + 5) Let the first term and common difference of
Þ 6 = 2y – 4 given A.P. be a and d respectively.
Þ 2y = 10 So, a21 = a + (21 – 1)d
Þy=5 = a + 20d
3. If k, 2k – 1, 2k + 1 are in A.P Now, a7 = a + (7 – 1)d
\ 2k – 1 – k = 2 k + 1 – 2k + 1 = a + 6d
[Common difference, d = a2 – a1 = a3 – a2] From equation (i),
Þ k– 1= 2 Þk= 3 (a + 20d) – (a + 6d) = 84
4. The given A.P. is 6, 13, 20, ........, 216 Þ (20 – 6)d = 84
Suppose be the number of terms, d = 7, a = 6 Þ 14d = 84
an = a + (n – 1) d Þ d=6
\ 216 = 6 + (n – 1). 7 Þ n = 31 Hence, the common difference of given A.P. is 6.
\ Middle term is 16th Short Answer Questions :
1 1
é th ù 1. The given AP is 18, 15 ,13 .........., -49 .
æ n + 1ö 2 2
êQ Middle term = ç ÷ term ú
ë è 2 ø û Suppose the number of terms in given AP is n.
As, last term of an AP, l = a + (n – 1)d
\ a16 = 6 + 15 × 7 = 111
5. Q S5 + S7 = 167 1 æ 1 ö
So, -49 = 18 + ( n - 1) ç15 - 18÷
2 è 2 ø
5 7
So, [ 2a + 4d ] + [ 2a + 6d ] = 167
2 2 99 æ 5ö
Þ - = 18 + ( n - 1) ç - ÷
24a + 62d = 334 2 è 2ø
12a + 31d = 167 ...(i)
28

Þ 99 = –36 + (n – 1) 5 2 1
Þ 5 (n –1) = 99 + 36 = 135 a+ =
21 9
135
Þ n -1 = = 27 1 2
5 a= -
9 21
Þ n = 27 + 1 = 28
Therefore, the number of terms in given AP is 7-6 1
a= =
28. 63 63
28 æ 1ö a63 = a + 62d
And, the sum of all 28 terms = ç 18 - 49 ÷ø
2 è 2 a 63 =
63
=1
63
æ 36 - 99 ö 4. Natural numbers between 101 and 999 divisible
= 14 ç = -441
è 2 ÷ø by 5 and 2 both, must be divisible by 10.
Hence, the number of terms in given AP is 28 \ {110, 120, ............, 990} are numbers
and the sum of all its terms is – 441. divisible by both 2 and 5.
2. a = 5, l = 45 If forms an A.P., in which a = 110, d = 10 and a n
Let d = common difference = 990.
Sn = 400 \ an = a + (n – 1)d
l = a + (n – 1)d Þ 990 = 110 + (n – 1) 10
(n – 1)d = 45 – 5 = 40 ...(i) Þ 99 = 11 + (n – 1)
Sn = 400 Þ 88 + 1 = n
Þ n = 89
n 5. Given : a5 + a9 = 30
[2a + (n – 1)d] = 400
2 a25 = 3a8
n [10 + 40] = 800 Now, a + 4d + a + 8d = 30
n = 16 Þ 2a + 12d = 30
Þ a + 6d = 15 ...(i)
40 40 8 and, a + 24d = 3a + 21d
d= = =
n - 1 15 3 2a – 3d = 0 ...(ii)
From eqs. (i) and (ii)
1 1
3. a7 = , a9 = 2a + 12d = 30
9 7
– 2a – 3d =– 0
+
1
\ a + 6d = [By term formula] 15d = 30
9 d=2
1 Now, put d = 2 in eq. (i)
a + 8d =
7 a + 12 = 15
- - - a= 3
Required A.P. = 3, 5, 7,...............
1 1
-2d = - 6. Suppose be the first term and d the common
9 7 difference of A.P.
-2 S12 = 6 [2a + 11d] = 12a + 66d ...(i)
-2d =
63 [By sum of n terms of an A.P]
S8 = 4 [2a + 7d]= 8a + 28d ...(ii)
1 [By sum of n terms of an A.P.]
d=
63 S4 = 2 [2a + 3d] = 4a + 6d ...(iii)
1 [By sum of n terms of an A.P.]
a + 6d = From eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii)
9 3 (S8 – 34) = 3 (4a + 22d) = 12a + 66d = S12
 29

7. Money required for Ramkali for admission of 11. Let the first term and the common difference of
her daughter the given AP be a and d, respectively.
= ` 2500 As, sum of the first 7 terms, S7 = 49
A.P. = 100, 120, 140, ..... upto 12 terms
n
Let a = first term = 100 Now, using formula S = [ 2a + ( n - 1) d ]
d = common difference = 20 2
7
n
[ 2a + ( n - 1) d ] \ ( 2a + 6d ) = 49
Sum of AP = 2
2
7
=
12
[ 2 ´ 100 + 11 ´ 20] = 6 [ 420] ´ 2 ( a + 3d ) = 49
2 2
= ` 2520 a + 3d = 7 ...(i)
\ She can get her daughter admitied. Here, sum of the first 17 terms, S17 = 289
8. Q a14 = 2a8 17
Þ a + 13 d = 2 (a + 7d) \ ( 2a + 16d ) = 289
2
\a=–d .................. (i)
Q 6a = –8 17
\ ´ 2 ( a + 8d ) = 289
a + 5d = –8 .................. (ii) 2
After solving, (i) and (ii), we get
289
a = 2, d = –2 \ a + 8d = = 17
Hence, S20 = 10 (2a + 19d) 17
Therefore a + 8d = 17 ...(ii)
= 10 (4 – 38) = – 340
After, subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
9. Here, first term = 8 and common difference = 2.
\ 5d = 10
Q t60 = 8 + 59 (2) = 126 d= 2
Now, sum of last 10 terms
After substituting the value of d in (i), we get
= (t51 + t52 + ............ + t60)
a= 1
Q t51 = 8 + 50 (2) = 108 Then, sum of the first n terms
Hence, sum of last 10 terms = 5 [108 + 126] = 170
n
10. The given AP is 18, 16, 14 .....
Sn = [ 2a + ( n - 1) d ] = n [ 2 ´ 1 + 2 ( n - 1) ]
First term of the AP = 18 2 2
Common difference = 16 – 18 = n (1 + n – 1)
= –2 = n2
Suppose, the sum of the first x terms of the AP Therefore, the sum of the first n terms of given
be 0. AP is n2.
x 12. Suppose a and d be the first term and the
Sum of the first x terms = [ 2 ´ 18 + ( x - 1)( -2) ] = 0 common difference of the AP, respectively.
2
Given a4 = 0
x
\ [ 36 + ( -2x + 2) ] = 0 \a + 3d = 0
2 Þ a = –3d
x (36 – 2x + 2) = 0 Now,
So, x (38 – 2x) = 0 a25 = a + 24d
Either x = 0 or 38 – 2x = 0 –3d + 24d = 21d ...(i)
As, the number of terms cannot be 0. Also,
Þ 38 – 2x = 0 a11 = a + 10d
\ 38 = 2x = –3d + 10d = 7d ...(ii)
Therefore, x = 19 From (i) and (ii),
Hence, the sum of the first 19 terms of the AP is 0. Þ a25 = 3 × a11
30

13. Suppose a and a' be the first terms and d and d' By Elimination Method,
be the common difference of the two AP's.
Now, 1
a + ( m - 1) d =
n n
Sn = [ 2a + ( n - 1) d ] and 1
2 a + ( n - 1) d =
n – – –m
S' n = [ 2a ' + ( n - 1) d ' ]
2 (m - n ) d = 1 - 1
n m
n
[ 2a + ( n - 1) d ]
\ Sn : S'n = 2 1
n d=
[ 2a '+ ( n - 1) d '] nm
2
1
Put d = in eq. (i)
2a + ( n - 1) d mn
=
2a '+ ( n - 1) d '
1 1
a + ( m - 1) =
Sn 7n + 1 mn n
Now, =
S' n 4n + 27 1 1 1
a+ - =
n mn n
(Given)
2a + ( n - 1) d 7n + 1 1
= a=
Þ ( ) ...(i) mn
2a '+ n - 1 d ' 4n + 27
We replace n by (2m – 1) in (i). mn
Smn = [ 2a + ( mn - 1) d ]
2a + ( 2m - 2 ) d 7 ( 2m - 1) + 1 2
\ =
2a '+ ( 2m - 2 ) d ' 4 ( 2m - 1) + 27 é n
) ù
êëQSn = 2 [ 2a + n - 1 d ] úû
(
a + ( m - 1) d 14m - 6
Þ =
a '+ ( m - 1) d ' 8m + 23 mn é 1 1 ù
= ê 2´ + ( mn - 1)
So, the ratio of the mth terms of the two AP's is 2 ë mn mn úû
(14m – 6) : (8m + 23).
1
1 1 = [ 2 + mn - 1]
14. Given : a m = and a n = 2
n m
1
Find : Smn = ? = [ mn + 1]
2
1
Solution : a m =
15. Given series : æçè 4 - ö÷ø + æçè 4 - ö÷ø + æçè 4 - ö÷ø + .....
n 1 2 3
n n n
1 Let S be the sum of the given series .
a + ( m - 1) d = ...(i)
n
[where a = first term of A.P., d = Common
æ 1ö æ 2ö æ 3ö
difference of A.P.] S = ç 4 - ÷ + ç 4 - ÷ + ç 4 - ÷ + ....... + n terms
è n ø è n ø è nø
1
Similarly, a n = S = (4 +S4= +4 4+ 4++....n times)–
4 + .....n
æ1 2 3 ö
times - ç + + + .... + n terms ÷
n èn n n ø

1 1
a + ( n - 1) d = ...(ii) S = 4n - (1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + n times )
m n
 31

1 én
S = 4n - [ 2 + ( n - 1) ]ùú n
[ 2a + ( n - 1) d ] = 400
n êë 2 û 2

é n
n ) ù [ a + l ] = 400
êëQ S n = 2 [ 2a + n - 1 d ]úû
( Þ
2
( n + 1) n
[ 5 + 45] = 400 Þ n = 16
S = 4n - Þ
2 2
Putting the value of n in the equation (i), we get
8n - n - 1
S= (16 – 1)d = 40
2 Þ 15d = 40
7n - 1 40
S= Þ d=
2 15
1 1 3 8
16. Since 20,19 ,18 ,17 ..... \ Common difference =
4 2 4 3
1 3 Hence, the number of terms and the common
As, 20 - 19 =
4 4 8
difference of given A.P. are 16 and
1 1 3 3
19 - 18 = respectively.
4 2 4
Long Answer Questions :
1 3 3
And, 18 - 17 = 1. Suppose the first term and common difference
2 4 4
of given AP are a and d respectively.
So, given series is an A.P.
As, sum of first 7 terms of given AP = 49
Now, for getting first negative term:
7
æ 3ö So, [ 2a + ( 7 - 1) d ] = 49
20 + ( n - 1) ç - ÷ < 0 2
è 4ø
Þ a + 3d = 7 ....(i)
Þ 80 + (3n – 3) (–1) < 0 Now, sum of first 17 terms of given AP = 289
Þ –3n + 3 + 80 < 0
Þ 3n > 83 17
\ [ 2a + (17 - 1) d ] = 289
2
83
Þ n> Þ a + 8d = 17 ...(ii)
3
After solving (i) and (ii),
2 a = 1, d = 2
Þ n > 27 Therefore, sum of first n terms of given
3
Therefore, least integgral value of n be 28. n
Hence, 28th term will be first negative term. AP =
2
[ (2 ´ 1) + 2 ( n - 1)]
17. Since, first term of given A.P. = a = 5
Last term of given A.P. = l = 45 = n [1 + n - 1] = n2
As, l = a + (n – 1)d Hence, the sum of first n terms of given AP is n2.
where n is number of terms and d is common 2. n = 50
difference. S10 = 210 ...(i)
So, 45 = 5 + (n – 1)d S36 – 50 = 2565
Þ (n – 1)d = 40 ...(i) Þ S50 – S35 = 2565 ... (ii)
Now, sum of all n terms of given A.P. = 400 From equation (i)
S10 = 210
32

n X ( X - 1)
[ 2a + (10 - 1) d ] = 210 =
2 2
[Let 'a' first term and 'd' common difference] Sum of the numbers of houses following the
house numbered
10
[ 2a + 9d ] = 210 X = (X + 1) + (X + 2) + (X + 3) +.....+ 49
2
2a + 9d = 42 ...(iii) n
Sum of n terms, Sn = ( a + l )
S50 – S35 = 2565 2
[a is the first term and l is the last term
50 -35
[ 2a + 49d ] [ 2a + 34d ] = 2565 of an A.P.]
2 2
100a + 2450d – 70a – 1190d = 5630 ( 49 - X )
= [49 + ( X + 1)]
30a + 1260d = 5130 2
a + 42d = 171 ...(iv) ( 49 - X ) ( 50 + X )
From (iii) and (iv) =
2
2a + 9d = 42 Sum of the numbers of houses following the
2a + 84d = 342 house numbered X = Sum of the numbers of
- - - houses preceding the house numbered X.
75d = -300 ( 49 - X ) ( 50 + X )
X ( X - 1)
Þ =
d = –4 2 2
Now, a + 42 (–4) = 171 Þ 2450 + 49X – 50X – X = X2 – X2

a = 171 + 168 Þ 2X2 = 2,450

a = 339 Þ X2 = 1,225
Required AP = 339, 335, 331, ........ Þ X = 35
3. According to the question, 5. Let a, d be the first term and common difference
A.P. = 4, 8, 12, ................ 48. of A.P.
First term of A.P. = a = 4
Sm m 2
Common difference of A.P. = d = 4 A.T.Q, =
an = 48 Sn n2
\ a + (n – 1)d = 48 We have prove that am : an = (2m – 1) : (2n – 1)
4 + (n – 1)4 = 48
n = 12 Sm m 2
So, =
12
Sn n2
S12 = [ 4 + 48] = 12 ´ 26
2 m
= 312 [ 2a + ( m - 1) d ] m2
2 =
Total 312 trees were planted by the students. n 2
The value of planting trees is to reduce air [ 2a + ( n - 1) d ] n
2
pollution and increase the quantity of oxygen
in air and reduces the soil erosion. 2a + ( m - 1) d m
4. Sum of the number of houses preceding the =
2a + ( n - 1) d n
house numbered
Here we can put m = 2m – 1 and n = 2n – 1, we
X = 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + (X – 1)
get
( X - 1)
= [ 2 ´ 1 + ( X - 1 - 1) ] 2a + ( 2m - 1 - 1) d 2m - 1
=
2
2a + ( 2n - 1 - 1) d 2n - 1
[By sum of n terms of an A.P.]
 33

8. A sequence is called an arithmetic progression

2 [ a + ( m - 1) d ] 2m - 1
= if and only if the difference of any term from its
2 [ a + ( n - 1) d ] 2n - 1 preceding term is constant.
a m 2m - 1 9. an = a + (n – 1) d
= Hence proved.
an 2n - 1
n n
6. Since, 10. Sn =
2
[ 2a + (n + 1)d ] or Sn = 2 (a + l )
n 11. 3(a + 2d) = 7 (a + 6d) Þ 4a + 36d = 0
é 2a + ( n - 1) d1 ûù
2ë 1 =
7n + 1 ...(i) Þ a + 9d = 0
n 4n + 27
é 2a 2 + ( n - 1) d 2 ûù
ë 12. Here a = 7, d = 3, l = 130
2
15th term from the end = l – (15 – 1)d
where, the first terms of two A.P. and a 1 and a2
while respective common differences are d1 and = 130 – 14(3)
d2. = 130 – 42 = 88
So, from equation (i)
135
2a1 + ( n - 1) d1 7n + 1 13. No. 14. a18 =
= 11
( )
2a 2 + n - 1 d 2 4n + 27 15. 8th term 16. x = 3
Putting, n = 17 in above equation, we get Short Answer Questions :
2a1 + (17 - 1) d1 7 (17) + 1 1. Do it yourself
=
2a 2 + (17 - 1) d 2 4 (17 ) + 27
19
2. (i) a10 = 185 (ii) a9 =
2a1 + 16d1 120 4
Þ =
2a 2 + 16d 2 95 3. K = 76
a1 + 8d1 24 4. a30 – a20 = –50
Þ =
a 2 + 8d 2 19 5. (i) 242 (ii) 390
6. Do it yourself.
a1 + ( 9 - 1) d1 24
Þ = 7. (i) a = 7, 11, 15, 23...
a 2 + ( 9 - 1) d 2 19
(ii) a = 7, 9, 11, 13, 15,...
Hence, the ratio of their 9th terms is 24 : 19.
(iii) a = 5, 4, 3, 2, 1...
8. Do it yourself.
9. 13 10. –800
Very Short Answer Questions :
11. 5, 1, –3, –7... 12. A.P. is 8,6,4,2,........
1. – 6pqr 2. – 250
7 13. 74th term 14. n(n + 2)
3. a= 4. 4 2 15. a = 5, ‘d’ = –3, n = 11 using formula,
5
5. k=4 t n = a + (n - 1)d
3
6. First term = a = Þ t11 = 5 + (11 - 1)(-3) Þ t11 = 5 - 30 = -25
2
1 3 16. Let tn be the first negative term of the sequence
Common difference = d = – = –1 45, 41, 37, 33, .............
2 2
7. It is a collection of numbers arranged in a definite Here, a = 45, d = 41 – 45 = –4
order according to some definite rule. tn = a + (n – 1)d ;
Þ 45 + (n – 1) (–4) = 45 – 4n + 4 = 49 – 4n
34

As tn is negative, 49 – 4n < 0 Þ 49 < 4n or 4n > 49 ; Firstterm T1 = a + b and common difference ‘d’

49 1 = a + 2b – a – b = b
n> Þ n > 12
4 4 n
Using formula, Sn = [2a + (n - 1)d ]
\ Least value of n = 13 \ t 13 is the first 2
negative term where n = 20, a = a + b, d = b
1 1 + 2p 1 + 4p 20
17. Sequence,
p
,
p
,
p
,............. Þ S20 = [2(a + b) + (20 - 1)b]
2
=10(2a + 2b +19b) = 10(2a + 21b)
1 1 + 2p 1 1 + 2p - 1
Here a = , d= - Þ d= Þ S20 = 20a + 210b
p p p p
Þ d=2 2n 2n
22. an = 3+ . Here Tn = an = 3 +
3 3
1
tn = + (n - 1)2 = 1 + 2n - 2
p p 1 2(1) 11 2(2) 13
Þ T1 = 3 + = and T2 = 3 + = ;
3 3 3 3
1 + 2np - 2p
Þ tn = 2(3) 15
p T3 = 3 + = ..............
3 3
1 + 2 ´ 8p - 2p 1 + 16p - 2p
\ t8 = = 11 13 15
p p \ , , , ............. is an A.P..
3 3 3
14p + 1 11 2
Þ t8 =
p Here a = ,d=
3 3
18. t8 = a + 7d, t12 = a + 11d
n
According to question, 8t8 = 12t12 (given) Use, Sn = [2a + (n - 1)d] ;
Þ 8(a + 7d) = 12(a + 11d) 2
Þ 8a + 56d = 12a + 132d
24 é 11 æ 2 öù
Þ 8a – 12a + 56d – 132d = 0 S24 = ê2 ´ + (24 - 1)ç ÷ú
Þ –4a – 76d = 0 Þ a + 19d = 0 .........(i) 2 ë 3 è 3 øû
\ t20 = a + 19d = 0 using (i) \ t20 = 0
19. a = 5, t100 = –292 æ 22 46 ö 68
= 12ç + ÷ = 12 ´ = 272
t100 = 5 + (100–1)d [using tn = a + (n–1)d] è 3 3 ø 3
Þ –292 = 5 + 99d Þ –292 – 5 = 99d 23. Series : 70 + 68 + 66 + ................. + 40
-297 Here a = 70, d = 68 – 70 = –2, tn = l = 40 .
Þd= Þ d = -3
99 Now, t n = a + (n - 1)d = 70 + (n – 1)(–2)
\ t50 = 5 + (50 – 1) (–3) = 5 + (–147) = 5 – 147 Þ 40 = 70 – 2n + 2 Þ n = 16
Þ t50 = –142 n
20. Here a = 21, d = 42 – 21 = 21 \ Sn = [a + l ]
2
Using formula Tn = a +(n –1)d
Þ 420 = 21 + (n –1)(21) 16
Þ Sn = [70 + 40] = 880
Þ 420 = 21 + 21n – 21 Þ 21n = 420 Þ n = 20 2
24. Natural numbers which are multiples of 5 from 1
21. Tn = a + nb (given) \ T1 = a + b and
to 99 are
T2 = a + 2b , T3 = a + 3b , T4 = a + 4b 5, 10, 15, ........., 95. Here a = 5, d = 5, l = 95
As T1, T2, T3, T4 are in A.P.; (l) = Tn = 5 + (n - 1)(5) Þ 95 = 5 + 5n – 5
 35

Þ 5n = 95 Þ n = 19 Þ (p – q) (2a ) = (q – p) (q + p – 1)d
n 19
\ Sn = [a + l ] = [5 + 95] Þ 2a = (1 – p – q)d .....I
2 2
\ The sum of the first (p + q) terms
19
= [100] = 950 (p + q)
2 Sp + q = [2a + (p + q – 1)d ]
2
25. Here a = 100, d = ?, S6 = 5(S12 – S6) (given)
Þ S6 = 5S12 – 5S6 (p + q)
= [(1 – p – q)d + (p + q – 1)d] = 0
\ 6S6 = 5S12 2
29. It is given that Sn = (3n 2 + 2n)
é6 ù
Þ 6 ê {2 ´100 + (6 - 1)d }ú = 5 \ Sn – 1 = 3 (n – 1)2 + 2(n – 1) = 3n 2 – 4n + 1,
ë 2 û
(i) nth term, tn = (Sum of n terms)
é12 ù – [Sum of (n – 1) terms]
ê 2 {2 ´ 100 + (12 - 1) d }ú = Sn – Sn – 1 = (3n2 + 2n) – (3n2 – 4n + 1)
ë û
= (6n – 1)
Þ 18(200 + 5d) = 30 (200 + 11d)
(ii) tn = (6n – 1) ; t1 = (6 × 1 – 1) = 5 ;
Þ 3600 + 90d = 6000 + 330d
t2 = ( 6 × 2 – 1) = 11
Þ 90d – 330d = 6000 – 3600 Þ – 240d = 2400 \ The first term, t = 5
2400 (iii) Common difference (d)
Þ d= = -10
= (t2 – t1) = (11 – 5) = 6
- 240
26. (k + 2), (4k – 6) and (3k – 2) are in A.P. 1 1 1
30. Since , , , are in A.P..
Þ 4k – 6 – k – 2 = 3k – 2 – 4k + 6 b+c c+a a +b
Þ 3k – 8 = –k + 4 Þ 3k + k = 4 + 8
1 1 1 1
12 \ – = –
Þ 4k = 12 Þ k = =3 c+a b+c a + b c+a
4
27. Let the term of A.P. are a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d b+c– c– a c+a –a –b
Þ =
then according to the question, ( c + a ) ( b + c) (a + b ) (c + a )
a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = –8 (given) b –a c –b
Þ 4a = –8 Þ a= –2 and Þ =
b+c a+b
product
Þ (b – a ) (a + b) =(b + c) (c – b)
= (a - 3d)(a - d)(a + d)(a + 3d) = 385 (given)
Þ b 2 – a 2 =c2 – b 2
Þ (a 2 - 9d 2 )(a 2 - d 2 ) = 385
Þ a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in A.P..
Þ (4 - 9d 2 )(4 - d 2 ) = 385 Þ d = ±3
31. Let 'a' be the 1st term and 'd' the common
\ the required four terms are : –11, –5, 1, 7 difference of the A.P. , then as given, m times
or 7, 1, –5, –11 the mth term = n times the nth term.
28. Let a be the first term and d be the common Þ m. tm = n.tn, we know that
difference of the given A.P. then, tm = a + (m – 1)d and tn = a + (n – 1)d,
Þ m . [a + (m – 1)d] = n. [a + ( n – 1)d]
p q
Sp = Sq Þ [2a + (p – 1)d ] = [2a + (q – 1)d ] Þ ma + ( m2 – m)d = na + (n 2 – n)d
2 2
Þ [ (m2 – n2) – (m – n)]d = (n – m)a
36

Þ [ ( m + n) (m – n) – (m – n)]d = – (m – n)a 37. Sn = n/2[2 × 120º + (n – 1) × 5] = (2n – 4) × 90

Þ (m – n) (m + n – 1)d = –(m – n)a Þ n/2[240 + 5n – 5] = 180n – 360
Þ (m + n – 1)d = –a Þ a + {(m + n)–1}d = 0 Þ n/2[5n + 235] = 180n – 360
Þ t m+ n = 0 Þ 5n2 – 125n + 720 = 0 or n2 – 25n + 144 = 0
Thus, the (m + n) term of A.P. is zero.
Þ (n – 16) (n – 9) = 0
32. Tn = 2n – 1
\ Tn+1 = 2(n + 1) – 1 Either n –16 = 0 Þ n = 16 (rejected)
Tn+1 = 2n + 1 or n – 9 = 0 Þ n = 9 (possible) \n=9
\ Tn+1 – Tn = (2n + 1) – (2n – 1) 38. 7t7 = 11t11 (given)
= 2n + 1– 2n + 1 = 2 which is independent of ‘n’ \ 7[a + 6d] = 11[a + 10d]
\ It is an A.P. Þ 7a + 42d = 11a + 110d Þ – 4a – 68d = 0
C.D. = Tn+1 – Tn = 2 Þ d = 2
Þ a + 17d = 0 ......(i)
Þ Tn = 2n – 1 Þ T1 = 2 – 1
\ t18 = a + 17d = 0 using (i). Hence, t18 = 0
\ T1 = 1 Þ First term= 1 and C.D. = 2
33. Case I : Let T1 = a and C.D. = d Long Answer Questions :
Case II : Let T1 = A and C.D. = d
1. (i) d = 1 (ii) d = 90
111222333 = T100 of second A.P.
– T100 of first A.P. (iii) d = 5 (iv) 17
Þ 111222333 = (A + 99d) – (a + 99d) 1
Þ 111222333 = A – a ......(i) (v)
4
\ 1 million = 10,00,000
2. Do it yourself
Difference between millionth term of two AP.’s
= T1 million of second A.P. – (T1 million) of first AP 3. Do it yourself
= (A + 999999d) – (a + 999999d) 4. 21, 22
\ 111222333 = A – a [using (i)] 5. t8 = 5 and t15 = 33
34. Here a = 5, d = 2 – 5 = – 3 using formula, t8 = a + (8 – 1)d
Tn = a + (n – 1)d Þ 5 = a + 7d ...... (1)
\ – 22 = 5 + (n – 1) (– 3) and t15 = a + (15 – 1)d
Þ –22 = 5 – 3n + 3 Þ 3n = 8 + 22 Þ 3n = 30 Þ 33 = a + 14d ......(2)
Þ n = 10 Solving equation (1) and (2)
\ T10 is – 22 a + 7d =5
35. Let Ist term of an A.P = a and C.D. = d a+14d = 33
T3 = 25 Þ a + 2d = 25 .....(i) –7d = –28 Þ d = 4
T10 = – 3 Þ a + 9d = – 3 .......(ii) \ From equation (1) 5 = a + 7 × 4 Þ 5 = a + 28
Subtract (i) and (ii) we get, 7d = – 28 Þ d = – 4 Þ a = 5 – 28 = –23
\ First term, a = 33 and d = – 4 \ t5 = –23 + (5 – 1)4 Þ t5 = –23 + 16 = –7
\ A.P. are 33, 29, 25, 21, .................... and nth term i.e.
General term Tn = a +(n –1)d = 33 + (n – 1) (– 4) tn = –23 + (n – 1)4 = –23 + 4n – 4
Tn = – 4n + 37
T50 = – 4(50) + 37 = – 200 + 37 \ T50 = – 163 27
Þ tn = 4n – 27 Þ 4n = 27 Þ n =
36. Here a = 5, d = 3 – 5 = – 2 4
n = 14 6. Let T1 = a and C.D. = d, T4 = 3T1 (given)
\ S14 = 14/2[2 × 5 +(14 –1) × (– 2)] æ 3d ö
= 7(10 – 26) = 7 × (– 16) Þ a + 3d = 3a Þ 2a = 3d Þ a = ç ÷ ....(i)
è 2 ø
S14 = – 112
and given T7 = 2T3 + 1 Þ a + 6d = 2(a+2d) + 1
 37

Þ a + 6d = 2a + 4d + 1 (c) T10 of first A.P. = a + 9d = 3 + 9d ;

T10 of second A.P. = 8 + 9d
Þ a – 2a = 4d – 6d + 1 Þ –a = –2d + 1
\ Difference T10 of both A.P.’s
Þ a = 2d – 1 .....(ii)
= 8 + 9d – 3 – 9d = 5
3d d (d) T30 of first A.P. = a + 29d =3 + 29d
From (i) - 2d = -1 Þ - = -1 Þ d = 2
2 2 T30 of second A.P. = a + 29d = 8 + 29d
3d 6 \ Difference between two A.P.’s = 8 + 29d
\ From (i) a = Þa = Þa =3 – 3 – 29d = 5
2 2
\ Difference = 5
\ A.P. a, a + d, a + 2d, ..............
9. (i) A.P. are 2, 6, 10, ..............
= 3, 3 + 2, (3 + 2 × 2),.............
Here a = 2, d = 6 – 2 = 4 and n = 11
A.P. is are 3, 5, 7, ............
\ Using sum formula,
7. (i) series : 25, 50, 75, 100, .......; X = 1000
n
Here a = 25, d = 50 – 25 = 25 Sn = [2a + (n - 1)d] ;
(Using formula) 2
l, Tk = a + (k – 1)d 11
1000 = 25 + (k – 1)(25) S11 = [2 ´ 2 + (11 - 1)4]
2
Þ 1000 = 25 + 25k – 25 Þ 25k = 1000
11
1000 = [4 + 40] = 242
Þk= = 40 \ k = 40 2
25 (ii) T2 = 2 ; T2 = a + d Þ 2 = a + d .....(i) and
8 = T4 Þ a + 3d = 8 .....(ii)
21 31 41 171
(ii) 1, , , ,.........; X = Subtract (ii) – (i), we get 6 = 2d Þ d = 3
11 11 11 11
Now, putting the value of d = 3 in (i)
21 21 - 11 10 2 = a + 3 Þ a = –1
Here a = 1, d = -1 = =
11 11 11 51
\ S51 = [2(-1) + (51 - 1)(3)]
2
171 10
Tk = a + (k –1)d Þ = 1 + (k - 1)
51
11 11
= (- 2 + 150) = 51 ´ 148 = 3774
2 2
171 10k 10 171 1 10
Þ = 1+ - Þ - = k 10. (i) Series, 2 + 4 + 6 + .......... + 200
11 11 11 11 11 11
= 2[1 + 2 + 3 + ............. + 100]
170 10k
= (2 )æç
Þ = 100 ö
11 11
Þ 10k = 170 Þ k = 17 ÷(1 + 100 ) (Use formula)
è 2 ø
8. For first A.P., let a = 3 and d = C.D.
n
For second A.P., Let a = 8 and C.D. = d Sn = [2a + (n - 1)d] or Sn = n [a + l] )
(a) T2 of first A.P. = a + d = 3 + d ; 2 2
T2 of second A.P. = a + d = 8 + d = 100 × 101 = 10100
\ difference between 2nd term (T2) of the (ii) –5 + (–8) + (–11) + .......... + (–230) ; Here a
two A.P.’s = (8 + d) – (3 + d) = 5 = –5, d = –8 –(–5) = –3
(b) T4 of first A.P. = a + 3d = 3 + 3d Use formula Tn = a + (n – 1)d = –5 + (n – 1)
(–3) = –5 –3n + 3 = –3n – 2
\ T4 of second A.P. = a + 3d = 8 + 3d
But Tn = –230 (given) Þ –230 = –3n – 2
\ Difference 8 + 3d – 3 – 3d = 5
38

228
Þ 3n = 228 Þ n = = 76 - b ± b 2 - 4ac
3 Using formula, x =
2a
n
\ Sn = [a + l ] [ l = -230 ] 9 ± 22801 9 ± 151 160 -142
2 or n = Þ = or
10 10 10 10
76
Þ Sn = [- 5 - 230] = -8930 (rejected)
2 \ n = 16 (possible) (Q n cannot be fraction)
(iii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ............ + 199 ; Here a = 1,
p-q
d = 3 – 1 = 2 ; Tn = 199 13. Sp - q = [2a + (p - q - 1)d ]
Þ Tn = a + (n – 1)d Þ 199 = 1 + (n – 1) (2) 2
Þ 199 = 1 + 2n – 2 Þ 200 = 2n Þ n = 100 p-q
= [2a + (p - 1)d - qd ]
100 2
\ S100 = [1 + 199] [Q l = 199]
2
S100 = 50 (200) = 10000 p - q é 2q ì - 2(p + q) üù
= ê - qí ýú
11. Interest at the end of 1 year 2 êë p î pq þúû
PRT (1000)(8)(1)
= = = `80 é q + (p + q) ù
100 100 = (p - q )ê ú
ë p û
Interest at the end of 2 years
(1000)(8)(2) é p 2q ù é 2q ù
= = `160 = (p - q )ê + ú = (p - q )ê1 + ú
100 ëp p û ë pû
Interest at the end of 3 years
Hence Proved.
(1000)(8)(3) 14. Let three terms of an A.P. are a – d, a, a + d
= = ` 240
100
According to the ques., a – d + a + a + d = 3
Thus, 80, 160, 240 ............... is in A.P.
Þ 3a = 3 Þ a = 1
a = 80, d = 80
and product (a – d)a(a + d) = –8
t30 = a + (30 – 1)d = 80 + 29 × 80
= 80 + 2320 = 2400 Þ (1 –d) 1 (1 + d) = –8 Þ 1 – d2 = –8
Interest at the end of 30 years = ` 2400 Þ –d2 = –8 – 1 = –9 Þ d2 = 9
\ Sequence of Interest are ; 80, 160, 240, .............., Þ d = ± 9 Þ d = ±3
2400 which is an A.P.
12. Series ; –2, 3, 8, 13 ............. which form an A.P. when d = 3 then series becomes,
Here a = –2, d = 3 –(–2) = 5 and Sn = 568 –2, 1, 4
when d = –3 series becomes 4, 1, –2
n
Sn = [2(-2) + (n - 1)5] 15. Let the first term = a and the common difference
2
= d,
n
Þ 568 = [- 4 + 5n - 5] Then, the pth term = Tp = a + (p – 1)d
2 and the qth term = Tq = a + (q – 1) d
Þ 1136 = n[- 4 + 5n - 5] But Tp = q and Tq = p ........... (given)
Þ a + (p – 1) d = q ..........(1) and
9 ± 81 + 22720
Þ 5n2 – 9n – 1136 = 0 Þ n = a + (q – 1) d = p ...........(2)
10
 39

On subtracting (1) from (2) we get 1 1

(q – p) d = (p – q) d = – 1 Thus a = pq and d = pq
Substituting d = –1, in eq. (1), we get a = (p + q – 1)
\ the sum of the first pq terms,
Thus, a = (p + q – 1) and d = –1
\ nth term = Tn = a + (n – 1)d pq é 2 (pq – 1) ù
Spq = 2 ê pq + pq ú
= (p + q –1) + (n – 1) × (– 1) ë û
= (p + q + – n) Hence, the nth term = (p + q – n) 1 1 1
Qa = and d = = (pq + 1)
16. Let the first term = x pq pq 2
Common difference = d 18. Let 'd' be the common difference of the given
Then pth term = x + (p – 1) d, A.P.
qth term = x + (q – 1) d and rth term = x + (r – 1) d a 2 = a1 + d, a 3 = a 1 + 2d, a 4 = a 1 + 3d
\ x + (p – 1) d = a .....I a n –1 = a1 + (n – 2)d, a n = a1 + (n –1)d
x + (q – 1) d = b .....II
x + (r – 1) d = c .....III 1 1 1 1
Now, a a + a a + a a + a a .... +
Multiplying I by (q – r), II by (r – p) and III by 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
(p – q) and adding, we get.
1 1
a (q – r) + b (r – p ) + c (p – q) = 0 +
an –2 + an –1 an –1 + an
17. Let a be the first term and d is the common
difference of the given A.P. 1 1
Then Tp = a + (p – 1)d, Tq = a + (q – 1)d and = a (a + d ) + (a + d ) (a + 2d ) +
1 1 1 1
1 1
Tp = and Tq = (given) 1 1
q p + +
(a1 + 2d ) (a1 + 3d ) (a1 + 3d ) (a1 + 4d )
1
\ a + (p – 1)d = .....I 1
q ...... + +
[a1 + (n – 3)d ][a1 + (n – 2)d ]
1 1
a + (q – 1) d = p ....II
[a1 + (n – 2)d ][a1 + (n –1)d ]
On subtracting II from I we get,
1é1 1 ù 1é 1 1 ù
æ1 1 ö æp–q ö 1 = ê – ú+ ê – ú+
(p – q)d = çç q – p ÷÷ = çç ÷÷ Þ d = d ë a1 a1 + d û d ë a1 + d a1 + 2d û
è ø è pq ø pq
1é 1 1 ù
1 ê – ú
Substituting d = in I we get, d ë a1 + 2d a1 + 3d û
pq

(p – 1) 1
a+ = 1é 1 1 ù
pq q + ê – ú + ....
d ë a1 + 3d a1 + 4d û
1 ( p –1) 1
a= – = . 1é 1 1 ù
q pq pq + –
ê ú
d ë a1 + (n – 3)d a1 + (n – 2)d û
40

1é 1 1 ù
+ ê – ú
d ë a1 + (n – 2)d a1 + (n –1)d û Very Short Answer Questions :
1. The required ratio is 1 : 2
pq é 2 1 ù pq é pq + 1ù
2. Spq= ê + 1- ú = ê ú
1é1 1 ù 2 ë pq pq û 2 ë pq û
= d ê a – a + (n –1)d ú
ë 1 1 û
1
= ( pq + 1)
2
1 é a1 + ( n –1) d – a ù Short Answer Questions :
= d ê a + [ a + ( n – 1) d ] ú
ë 1 1 û 1. 76 or 20;
Hint: (a + 2d) + (a + 6d) = 6 Þ a = 3 – 4d,
(n –1)d n –1 also (a + 2d) (a + 6d) = 8 Þ a2 + 8ad + 12d 2 = 8
= =
a1an a1an 16 é 1ù
S16 = ê 2 ´ 1 + 15 ´ ú
2 ë 2û
19. Let 'a' be the 1st term and 'd' the common
difference of an A.P. 16 é æ 1 öù
S1 = Sum of n terms of the A.P. = or 2 ê5 ´ 2 + 15 ´ ç - 2 ÷ ú
ë è øû
n 2. Since a, 7, b, 23 and c are in A.P.
[2a + (n – 1)d ] \ 7 – a = b – 7 = 23 – b = c – 23
2
= Common difference
S2 = Sum of 2n terms of the A.P. I II III IV
From II and III
2n b – 7 = 23 – b
= [2a + (2n – 1)d ] = n[2a + (2n – 1)d] Þ 2b = 30
2
Þ b = 15
S3 = Sum of 3n terms of the A.P. From I and II
7–a=b–7
3n Þ 7 – a = 15 – 7
= [2a + (3n – 1)d ] .....I
2 Þ 7–a=8
Þ a = –1 [Q b = 15]
Now, R.H.S. = 3 (S2 – S1) From III and IV
23 – b = c – 23
é n ù
= 3 ê n {2a + 2 (n –1)d } – {2a + (n –1)d }ú Þ 23 – 15 = c – 23 [Q b = 15]
ë 2 û Þ 8 = c – 23
Þ 8 + 23 = c Þ c = 31
Hence, a = –1, b = 15, c = 31
é 3n2 d nd ù é 2a + 3nd - d ù
3 ê an + - ú = 3n ê 3. Suppose the first term of an AP be a and common
2 2 úû 2 ú
êë ë û difference d.
Given, a5 = 19 and a13 – a8 = 20
an = a + (n – 1)d
3n
= [2a + (3n – 1)d] = S3 (from I) = L.H.S. \ a5 = a + (5 – 1) d = 19
2 and [a + (13 – 1]d] – [a + (8 –1)d] = 20
Þ a + 4d = 19
 41

\ a + 12d – a – 7d = 20 Original number = (a – d) + 10a + 100 (a + d)

Þ 5d = 20 Þ d = 4 = 111a + 99d = 111 × 5 + 99d =
Substitute d = 4 in Eq. (i) 555 – 99d
a + 4(4) = 19 Number formed by reversing the digits
a = 19 – 16 = 3 = (a + d) + 10a + 100 (a – d)
Hence, required AP is 3, 3 + 4, 3 + 2(4), 3 + 3(4)... = 111a + 99d = 111 × 5 – 99d = 555 – 99d
i.e., 3, 7, 11, 15, .... \ (555 + 99d) – (555 – 99d) = 594
4. Given AP is 53, 48, 43, ..... Þ 198d = 594 Þ d = 594 ÷ 198 = 3
First term (a) = 53 and common difference (d) Thus the digit in the unit’s place is 5 – 3 = 2, in
= 48 – 53 = –5 the ten’s place is 5 and in the hundred’s place is
Suppose nth term of the AP be the first negative 5+3=8
term. Hence the number is 852
i.e., Tn < 0 [Q (n – 1)d] 3. (i) Q Distance between first potato and the
(a + (n – 1)d ) < 0 bucket = 5 m
Þ 53 + (n – 1) (–5) < 0 As, there are 10 potatoes 3 m apart.
Þ 53 – 5n + 5 < 0 Distance travelled by the competitor in first
Þ 58 – 5n < 0 Þ 5n > 58 pick
Þ n > 116 Þ n = 12 = 2 × 5 = 10 m
\ T12 = a + (12 – 1) d = 53 + 11 (–5) And, distance travelled by the competitor
= 53 – 55 = –2 < 0 in second pick
T12 = –2 is the first negative term of A.P. = 2 × (5 + 3 × 1)
Long Answer Questions = 16 m
1. Integers divisible by 3 from 1 to 100 are 3, 6, 9, Similarly, distance travelled by the
......99, i.e. total 33 in number competitor in third pick.
Integers divisible by 5 are, 5, 10, 15, ..... 100 (20 = 2 × (5 + 3 × 2)
in number). = 22 m
Integers divisible by 7 are 7, 14, .....98 (14 in Now, distance travelled by the competitor
number) in 10th pick
= 2 × (5 + 3 × 9)
Integers, divisible by both 3 and 5 are 15, 30,
= 64 m
.....90, (6 in number).
So, the required sequence
Integers divisible by both 3 and 7 are 21, 42, 63,
10, 16, 22, ..................., 64
& 84. (4 in number)
Suppose S is the total distance travelled
and Integers divisible by both 5 and 7 are 35, 70
by the competitor.
(2 in number).
\ S = 10 + 16 + 22 + ..... + 64
So, sum of numbers divisible by 3, 5 or 7 is Q a = 10, d = 16 – 10 = 6
33 20 14 n = 10, l = 64
= ( 3 + 99) + ( 5 + 100) + ( 7 + 98)
2 2 2 n
Therefore, Sn = [a + l ]
6 4 2 2
- (15 + 90) - ( 21 + 84) - (35 + 70) = 2838 Put n = 10, we get
2 2 2
2. Let the digit in the unit’s place be a – d 10
S10 = [10 + 64]
Digit in the ten’s place = a and the digit in the 2
hundred’s place be a + d = 370 m
Sum of digits = (a – d) + a + (a + d) = 3a Hence, the total distance travelled by the
Also sum = 15 (Given) competitor is 370 m.
\ 3a = 15 Þ a = 15/3 = 5
42

(ii) Arithmetic Progression.

-5 5
(iii) Honesty is the best policy Here, a = –5, d = +5 =
4. (i) Since Sham was late by 5 minutes in joining 2 2
his duty on the first working day. By term formula
And, on the second day, he was late by 10 \ a11 = a + (11 – 1)d
minutes. 5
On the third day, he was late by 15 minutes = –5 + (10) ×
2
and so on. = –5 + 25 = 20
As, after 25 working days he was shunted 5. (c) Let the first four terms of an AP are a, a + d,
out of the job. Here, first term of AP = 5. a + 2d and a + 3d.
Common difference = 5, No. of terms = 25. Given, that first term, a = –2 and common
So, total working time avoided by Sham difference, d = –2, then we have an AP as
= (5 + 10 + 15 + ... upto 25 terms) minutes follows
25 –2, –2 –2, –2 + 2(–2), –2 + 3(–2)
= (2 × 5 + (25 – 1) × 5) minutes = –2, –4, –6, –8
2
= 1625 minutes 6. (b) A.T.Q., first two terms of an AP are a = –3
= 27 hours 5 minutes and a + d = 4.
(ii) Yes, the management was justified in Þ –3 + d = 4
dismissing Sham because he was regularly Common difference, d = 7
late for 25 working days. an = a + (n –1) d
\ a21 = a + (21 – 1)d
= –3 + (20) 7 = –3 + 140 = 137
7. (b) Given, a2 = 13 and a5 = 25
Exemplar MCQs an = a + (n – 1)d
1. (d) In an AP, an = a + (n – 1)d Þ a + (2 – 1)d = 13
Þ 4 = a + (7 – 1) (–4) and a + (5 – 1)d = 25
[by given conditions] Þ a + d = 13 ...(i)
Þ 4 = a + 6(–4) and a + 4d = 25 ...(ii)
Þ 4 + 24 = a By using Elimination method
\ a = 28 3d = 25 – 13 = 12
2. (b) For an AP, an = a + (n – 1)d Þ d=4
= 3.5 + (101 – 1) × 0 From Eq. (i), a = 13 – 4 = 9
[by given conditions] \ a7 = a + (7 – 1) d
\ = 3.5 = 9 + 6 × 4 = 33
3. (b) The given list –10, –6, –2, 2, ..... [Q an = a + (n – 1) d]
Here, a1 = –10, a2 = –6, a3 = –2 and a4 = 2, ... 8. (b) Suppose nth term of the given AP be 210.
Now a2 – a1 = –6 – (–10) = –6 + 10 = 4 Here, a = 21 and common difference, d = 42
a3 – a2 = –2 – (–6) = –2 + 6 = 4 – 21 = 21 and an = 210
a4 – a3 = 2 – (–2) = 2 + 2 = 4 Q an = a + (n –1) d
................................................... [By term formula]
................................................... Þ 210 = 21 + (n – 1)21
................................................... Þ 210 = 21n Þ n = 10
As the given list forms an AP with common So, the 10th term of an AP is 210.
difference, d = 4. 9. (c) Given, d = 5
a18 – a13 = a + (18 – 1)d – [a + (13 – 1) d]
5 5 [(n – 1)d]
4. (b) Given A.P. –5, - , 0,
2 2 = a + 17 × 5 – a – 12 × 5
= 85 – 60 = 25
 43

10. (a) Given, a18 – a14 = 32

16
Þ a + 17d – [a + 13d] = 32 S16 = [2a + (16 – 1)d]
[Q an = a + (n – 1)d] 2
Þ a + 17d – a – 13d = 32 = 8 [2 × 10 + 15 (–4)]
Þ 4d = 32 = 8 (20 – 60)
Þ d=8 = 8 (–40) = –320
The required common difference of an AP n
is 8. 17. (c) Q Sn =
2
[a + a n ]
11. (c) Let the same common difference of two APs
is d. n
399 = [1 + 20]
Let the first term of first AP (a1) = –1 2
and the first term of second AP (a2) = –8
798
nth term of an AP, Tn = a + (n – 1)d n= = 38
\ 4th term of first AP, T4 = –1 + 3d 21
and 4th term of second AP, T4' = –8 + 3d 18. (a) The first five multiples of 3 : 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15.
Now, the difference between their 4th terms Here, a = 3, d = 6 – 3 = 3 and n = 5
is 5
|T4 – T4'| = (–1 + 3d) – (–8 + 3d) \ S5 = [2a + ( 5 - 1) d ]
2
= –1 + 3d + 8 – 3d = 7
Hence, the required difference is 7. é n ù
12. (d) Given that 7a7 = 11a11 êëQ Sn = 2 {2a + ( n - 1) d} úû
[Q an = a + (n – 1)d]
Þ 7(a + 6d) = 11(a + 10d) 5
= [ 2 ´ 3 + 4 ´ 3]
Þ 7a + 42d = 11a + 110d 2
Þ 4a + 68d = 0
5
Þ 2a + 34d = 0 = [6 + 12] = 45
Þ a + 17d = 0 2
\ 18th term of an AP, a18 = a + 17d = 0 NTSE Past Year MCQs
13. (b) Here, l = Last term = 49
1. (d) Ist term = S1 = 12 + 3(1) = 4
Common difference,
d = –8 – (–11) = 3 2. (b) 13, 18, ..... 98
Now, a4 = 49 – (4 – 1) 3 = 49 – 9 = 40 In this A.P. we have 18 terms
[Q an = l – (n – 1)d] 18
14. (c) Gauss is the famous mathematician S18 = [2 ´ 13 + 17 ´ 5] = 999
associated with finding the sum of the first 2
100 natural numbers. 1 1 1 1
15. (a) Given, a = –5 and d = 2 3. (d) S= + + + ... +
2 ´ 7 7 ´12 12 ´17 252 ´ 257
n
We know that, Sn = {2a + ( n - 1) d} 1 1æ1 1ö
2 = ç - ÷
2´7 5 è 2 7 ø
6
\ S6 = [2a + (6 – 1)d]
2 1 1æ1 1 ö
= ç - ÷
= 3[2 (–5) + 5(2)] = 0 7 ´12 5 è 7 12 ø
16. (a) Given, AP is 10, 6, 2, ....
Here, a = 10, d = –4 1 1æ 1 1 ö
= ç - ÷
n 12 ´ 17 5 è 12 17 ø
Sn = {2a + ( n - 1) d}
2
44

\d =2
1 1æ 1 1 ö
= ç - ÷ from (A)
252 ´ 257 5 è 252 257 ø
(x – 1) × 2 = 30
1æ 1 1 ö 1æ 1 1 ö 1æ 1 1 ö x – 1 = 15
\S = ç - ÷ + ç - ÷ + ç - ÷
5 è 2 7 ø 5 è 7 12 ø 5 è 12 17 ø x = 16
1 1 1 1
1æ 1 1 ö 6. (b) - = -
+... + ç - ÷ q+ r p+ r r+ p q +r
5 è 252 257 ø
p2 – r2 = q2 – p2
1 éæ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 öù Þ 2p2 = r2 + q2
= ç - ÷ + ç - ÷ + ... + ç - ÷ú \ q2, p2, r2 are in AP
5 êëè 2 7 ø è 7 12 ø è 252 257 øû
n
1æ1 1 ö 1 æ 255 ö 7. (b) S1 = [2(1) + (n - 1)(1)]
51 2
= ç - ÷= ç ÷ =
5 è 2 257 ø 5 è 2 ´ 257 ø 2 ´ 257
n
S2 = [2(2) + (n -1)(3)]
éæ 1 ö æ 2 ö æ n öù 2
4. (b) êç 1 - n + 1 ÷ + ç 1 - n + 1 ÷ + ...... + ç1 - n + 1 ÷ ú
ëè ø è ø è øû
n
S3 = [2(3) + (n - 1)(5)]
é æ 1 2 n öù 2
Þ ê(1 + 1 + 1 + ..... + 1) - ç + + .... + ÷
ë è n +1 n + 1 n + 1ø úû
n
1 Sr = [2(r) + (n - 1)(2r - 1)]
Þn- (1 + 2 + ..... + n) 2
n +1 (+) (+)
n(n + 1) n n n
Þn- Þ n- Þ S1 + S2 + ..... + S r =
2 ( n + 1) 2 2 2
5. (c) 31 = 1 + (x – 1)d
é r(r + 1) r ù
(x – 1)d = 30 ..................(A) ê (2) 2 + (n - 1) 2 [1 + 2r - 1]ú
ë û
8th term 5
ratio given as = né
th
(n - 2) term 9 = r(r + 1) + (n - 1)r 2 ù
2ë û

1 + 7d 5 nr
=
1 + (x - 3)d 9
= [ r + 1 + nr - r ]
2

1 + 7d 5 nr
from (A) = = [ nr + 1]
31 - 2d 9 2