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History Rozvi State Q&A 27-04-22 - For Beverly
History Rozvi State Q&A 27-04-22 - For Beverly
Wednesday 27-04-22
Rozvi state
Questions
[NOV. 2003]
19. (a) List three duties carried out by male members and three duties carried out by female members of the
Rozvi Society. [6]
(b) Outline the economic and social way of life in the Rozvi state. [12]
[Nov 2004]
20. a) State any six economic activities of the Rozvi State. [6]
c) How far did political problems contribute to the collapse of the Rozvi State? [7]
[Nov 2005]
21. a) Name any three Rozvi towns and any three Rozvi rulers up to the 18thcentury. [6]
b) Describe the political system and religious system of the Rozvi State up to the 19th century. [11]
c) How important was the role of the army in the Rozvi political system? [8]
[Nov 2007]
c) To what extent did social activities strengthen the Rozvi State? [8]
[Nov 2010]
c) How important was social organization in the political system of the Rozvi State? [8]
[June 2011]
24 a) Name any three ethnic groups and their respective leaders who fought the Rozvi between 1800
and 1890 [6]
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c) Was the Mambo’s leadership to blame for the decline of the Rozvi kingdom? Explain your answer.
[8]
Answers
[NOV. 2003]
19. (a.) List three duties carried out by male members and three duties carried out by
(i.) MALE
➢ Hunting, herding cattle, mining, thatching huts, also cultivation, smelting, trade, fishing. [3]
(ii.) FEMALE
(b.) Outline the economic and social way of life in the Rozvi state. [12]
(i.) ECONOMIC
➢ Crop cultivation – finger millet, bulrush millet, sorghum, cow peas, maize, rapoko.
➢ Pastoralism – cattle, a form of wealth – important for wealth and times of drought.
➢ Mining – gold, iron, copper. Practiced opencast mining.
➢ Hunting – to get meat, enjoyed as a sport by men; ivory, skins.
➢ Trade – local and external trade with Portuguese. Use of vashambadzi. Ivory and gold important
trade items to obtain cloth, beads, sea shells, etc.
➢ Blacksmithing – an industry to produce tools and weapons such as knives, razors, spears, arrow-
heads.
➢ Weaving – cloth – craftwork
➢ Pottery by women and basketry by men
➢ Tribute collected by the army for Changamire
➢ Division of labour according to sex, age and skill.
➢ Religion - believed in Mwari and the importance of ancestors and spiritual beings.
➢ Shona priests – an important link in the society
➢ Believed spirit lived in Mountains, big pools of water, thick forests. Witchcraft.
➢ Mafisa – system – a system of kuronzera people who did not own cattle looked after other
people’s cattle, and would be given some eventually.
➢ Marriage – roora paid. Polygamy practiced esp. by those who owned many cattle, and
blacksmiths.
➢ A patrilineal society i.e., relations traced through the masculine gender
➢ Ethnic dances on important occasions and as leisure e.g., religious ceremonies.
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(i.) Internal factors – serious droughts, civil wars, economic decline, succession disputes, disputes
with Chikanga of Manyika, also Barwe chiefs
(ii.) External Factors – Nguni incursions and Portuguese invasions. Nguni groups were
Zwangendaba’s Ngoni; Nyamazana; the Ndebele; Nxaba and the Ngoni also briefly invaded.
[Nov 2004]
20. a) State any six economic activities of the Rozvi State. [6]
c) How far did political problems contribute to the collapse of the Rozvi State ? [7]
➢ Successive droughts
➢ Decline of gold production
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[Nov 2005]
21 a) Name any three Rozvi towns and any three Rozvi rulers up to the 18thcentury. [6]
b) Describe the political system and religious system of the Rozvi State up to the 19th century.
[11]
➢ Rozvi political system-Rozvi Mambo- was head of state; and commander-in-chief. Succession to the
throne was hereditary and cultural
➢ On death of mambo- Tumbare (Rozvi general) acted as regent –till appointment of new mambo.
➢ Provinces were under vassal chiefs installed by the Mambo or his representative
➢ Vassal Chiefs-paid tribute to Mambo as sign of loyalty; Tumbare (Rozvi general) was responsible for
collection of tribute.
➢ Sadunhu, Mambo’s senior wives and sons in-law were important officials of the king’s court.
➢ Rozvi religion-the Rozvi worshiped the sky- God-Mwari- Creator of Mankind and all creation; Rozvi
also believed in spirits-ancestral spirits regional and national spirits called Mondoro
➢ Spirit mediums were go- between of the people and Mondoro- consulted in crises –famine, war, drought
➢ Mambo believed to be a descendant of Mwari
➢ Was a religious leader
[c]. How important was the role of the army in the Rozvi political system? [8]
➢ Most important element in the Rozvi state was religion-which united people
➢ Mambo was confirmed in office by spirit mediums
➢ Mambo regarded as divine ruler
➢ Also important was the strong economy of the state based on agriculture, pastoralism, trade
➢ Kuronzera united people
➢ Marriage alliances
[Nov 2007]
➢ Army commanders
➢ Provincial chiefs
➢ District chiefs
➢ Queen mother
➢ King ‘s sons- in-law
➢ Spirit mediums
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➢ Tumbare
➢ Village heads
➢ King
➢ Sadunhu(Headman)
➢ Court counsellors
c) To what extent did social activities strengthened the Rozvi State? [8]
[Nov 2010]
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c) How important was social organization in the political system of the Rozvi State? [8]
Other factors
[June 2011]
24. a) Name any three ethnic groups and their respective leaders who fought the Rozvi between 1800
and 1890 [6]
➢ Khumalo- Mziikazi
➢ Jere –Ngoni- Zwangendaba
➢ Ngoni- Nyamazana
➢ Shangane- Soshangane
➢ Msene-Ngoni- Nxaba
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c). Was the Mambo’s leadership to blame for the decline of the Rozvi kingdom? Explain your answer.
[8]
Mambo’s weaknesses
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