Microbiology & Parasitology Lab Safety

I. It is important to follow laboratory safety procedures and use protective equipment, such
as gloves and goggles, to minimize the risk of these hazards

1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats.
2. Handle chemicals with care and store them properly to minimize the risk of fire, explosion,
or exposure to toxic substances.
3. Follow electrical safety procedures to minimize the risk of shock, fire, or other hazards.
4. Dispose of laboratory waste in accordance with local regulations and guidelines.
5. Ensure fire safety equipment, such as fire extinguishers and smoke detectors, is easily
accessible and properly maintained.
6. Have emergency procedures in place, such as evacuation plans and first-aid procedures, in
case of accidents or incidents.
7. Limit access to the laboratory to authorized personnel only and require visitors to be
accompanied by a laboratory staff member.
8. Keep records of experiments, observations, and procedures and store them in accordance
with laboratory policies and regulations.
9. Keep the laboratory clean and tidy to minimize the risk of accidents and contamination.
10. Use equipment properly and follow the manufacturer's instructions.
11. Label all chemicals and specimens clearly and accurately.
12. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in the laboratory.
13. Follow procedures for handling biological specimens, such as bacteria or viruses, to
minimize the risk of infection.
14. Report any accidents, incidents, or equipment malfunctions to the appropriate personnel
immediately.
15. Follow guidelines for the safe use of hazardous materials and waste.
16. Be familiar with emergency equipment and procedures and know how to use them in case of
an emergency.
17. Handle and dispose of sharps, such as needles or glassware, properly to minimize the risk of
injury.
18. Keep a current list of emergency phone numbers and procedures near the laboratory.
19. Regularly check the laboratory for potential hazards and address them promptly.
20. Stay informed about changes to laboratory policies, procedures, and regulations and follow
them at all times.

Prepared by : CJ RONQUILLO, RMT

Prepared by : CJ RONQUILLO, RMT
 II. MICRO-PARA COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS

1. Microscopes: Light microscopes, electron microscopes, and fluorescence microscopes are

used to view microorganisms and parasites.
2. Incubators: Used to culture microorganisms at controlled temperature and humidity.
3. Petri dishes: Glass or plastic dishes used to grow cultures of microorganisms.
4. Centrifuge: Used to separate suspensions and to purify microorganisms.
5. Pipettes: Used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquids.
6. Sterilization equipment: Autoclaves or chemical sterilants used to sterilize equipment and
media.
7. Agar: A solidifying agent used in petri dishes to grow cultures.
8. Culture media: Nutrient-rich substances used to grow microorganisms in the laboratory.
9. Hot plates: Used to heat and sterilize equipment and media.
10. Inoculating loops: Used to transfer microorganisms from one location to another.
11. Microbial stains: Used to enhance the visibility of microorganisms under the microscope.
12. Glassware: Used to prepare and store culture media and reagents.
13. Magnetic stirrers: Used to mix culture media and reagents.
14. Refrigerators and freezers: Used to store cultures, reagents, and equipment.
15. Flammable storage cabinets: Used to store flammable chemicals and reagents.
16. Slide warmers: Used to keep slides at a constant temperature during microscopy.
17. Gel electrophoresis equipment: Used to separate and analyze DNA or proteins.
18. Bacterial culture equipment: Used to isolate, grow, and identify bacterial pathogens.
19. Parasitology equipment: Used to prepare and view parasites, such as fecal flotation devices,
Baermann funnels, and sedimentation units.
20. Enrichment broth: Used to enhance the growth of particular microorganisms.

These apparatus and equipment are used to study microorganisms and parasites and to identify and
diagnose infections.

III. BASIC MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PROCEDURES

Prepared by : CJ RONQUILLO, RMT
 1. Microbial staining: Used to stain microorganisms for visualization under the microscope.
2. Microbial culture: Used to grow microorganisms in the laboratory and study their properties.
3. Microbial isolation: Used to separate a specific microorganism from a mixture of
microorganisms.
4. Biochemical tests: Used to identify microorganisms based on their metabolic activities.
5. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Used to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial
agents against microorganisms.
6. Serological tests: Used to identify microorganisms based on their immunological reactions.
7. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Used to amplify DNA sequences for analysis.
8. Gel electrophoresis: Used to separate and analyze DNA or protein fragments.
9. Spectrophotometry: Used to quantify the amount of microbial growth in a culture.
10. Flow cytometry: Used to measure the characteristics of cells and microorganisms.
11. Microbial enumeration: Used to count the number of microorganisms in a sample.
12. Microbial identification: Used to determine the identity of microorganisms based on their
genetic or phenotypic characteristics.
13. Microbial contamination testing: Used to detect the presence of contaminants in a sample.
14. Sterilization and disinfection: Used to kill or eliminate microorganisms from equipment and
surfaces.
15. Microbial toxin testing: Used to detect the presence of toxic substances produced by
microorganisms.
16. Microbial biofilm studies: Used to study the growth of microorganisms on surfaces and in
biofilms.
17. Microbial biosynthesis: Used to produce useful compounds, such as enzymes or antibiotics,
from microorganisms.

These procedures are used to study and understand the characteristics, growth, and behavior of
microorganisms and to identify and diagnose infections.

PARASITOLOGY:

1. Parasite identification: Used to determine the type of parasite present in a sample.

2. Fecal flotation: Used to isolate and detect parasite eggs and larvae in fecal samples.
3. Concentration techniques: Used to concentrate parasites from a sample, such as
sedimentation or filtration.
4. Microscopy: Used to view and identify parasites under the microscope.
5. Staining techniques: Used to stain parasites for improved visualization under the
microscope.
6. Serological tests: Used to detect the presence of parasite-specific antibodies in the blood.
7. Molecular techniques: Used to amplify and detect parasite DNA in a sample.
8. Immunological tests: Used to detect parasite antigens in a sample.
9. Drug susceptibility testing: Used to determine the effectiveness of antiparasitic drugs against
a specific parasite.
10. Culture techniques: Used to grow parasites in the laboratory.
11. Bioassays: Used to test the toxicity of chemicals or drugs against parasites.
12. Animal inoculation: Used to infect animals with parasites and study their life cycle and
pathogenesis.
13. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): Used to detect parasite antigens in a sample.

IV. STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION

Prepared by : CJ RONQUILLO, RMT

These techniques are used to reduce the number of microorganisms on surfaces, equipment, and
materials to a safe level or to eliminate them completely. The choice of sterilization or disinfection
technique depends on the type of material, the level of contamination, and the intended use of the
material after treatment.

1. Autoclaving: Used to sterilize equipment and materials using high-pressure steam.

2. Dry heat sterilization: Used to sterilize equipment and materials using high temperatures.
3. Filtration: Used to remove microorganisms from liquids using filters with small pore sizes.
4. Chemical sterilization: Used to sterilize equipment and materials using chemicals, such as
ethylene oxide or hydrogen peroxide.
5. Radiation sterilization: Used to sterilize equipment and materials using ionizing radiation.
6. Antiseptic agents: Used to disinfect skin or surfaces to prevent the growth of
microorganisms.
7. Disinfectants: Used to kill or reduce the number of microorganisms on surfaces.
8. Chemical sanitizers: Used to reduce the number of microorganisms on surfaces to a safe
level.
9. Physical disinfection: Used to remove microorganisms from surfaces using physical means,
such as scrubbing or soaking.

V. PARTS & FUNCTIONS OF MICROSCOPE

Prepared by : CJ RONQUILLO, RMT

 VI. ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

AST is a laboratory procedure that helps to identify the most effective antimicrobial agents for
treating specific infections and to
minimize the development of

antimicrobial resistance.

Prepared by : CJ RONQUILLO, RMT

Prepared by : CJ RONQUILLO, RMT