C1.

2 ENGLISH
TEACHER: MILA T STUDENT: JORGE JAMES

INVERSIONS ( affirmatives sentences to questions sentences )

Practice from the begining to grab the concept

I lived in Spain
Did I live in Spain?

They had studied abroad

Had they studied abroad?

Jake speaks spanish fluently

Does Jake speak spanish fluently?

PAST TIME INVERSIONS

HARDLY/ BARELY/ SCARCELY ...WHEN ( Hardly + past perfect+when + past

simple )
( hardly / barely / scarcely = I had just…) = Acabar de hacer algo cuando...pasa otra cosa

NO SOONER...THAN ( No sooner+ past perfect+than + past simple )

( same meaning than hardly )

Examples:

I had finished my homework when my dad called me for a lunch.

Hardly had I finished my homework when my dad called me for a lunch.

The employee had left when the boss arrived.

Barely had the employee left when the boss arrived.

I had just got into bed when I heard a loud noise

Hardly had I got into bed when I heard a loud noise.

I had entered the bar; I saw my ex.

No sooner had I entered the bar than I saw my ex.

She had closed her eyes, she fell asleep.

No sooner had she closed her eyes than she fell asleep.

As soon as I arrived home, the doorbell rang.

No sooner had I arrived home than the doorbell rang.
As soon as she left, he started to cry.
No sooner had she left than he started to cry.

I had just left the building when I saw the accident happen.
Hardly had I left the building when I saw the accident happen.

WITH NO ( de ninguna manera… / bajo ningún concepto...)

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES… + SHOULD / MUST

ON NO ACCOUNT… + SHOULD / MUST

Examples:

You mustn’t leave without me!

Under no circumstances / On no account must you leave without me.

She wouldn’t change her mind

Under no circumstances would she change her mind

Don’t touch the machine while it’s on.

Under no circumstances should you touch the machine while it’s on.

You mustn’t speak to him.

On no account must you speak to him.

Don’t feed the pinguins!

Under no circumstances must you feed pinguins

Should you need me, call me.

NEGATIVE INVERSIONS ( MODALS & AUXILIARY VERBS )

Modal / auxiliary verb + subject ( like a question structure )

Examples:

I will never talk to him again.

Never will I talk to him again.
Under no circumstances will I talk to him again.

I can rarely find the time to do my homework.

Rarely can I find time to do my homework.

WITHOUT MODALS & AUXILIARY VERBS ( Do / does / did + subject – like

question structure )
NEVER ( BEFORE ) ...

Examples: Never before had I seen such a good movie.

I never go to the cinema.

Never do I go to the cinema.
I started going to the gym recently.
Only recently did I start going to the gym.

I will never do that again.

Never again will I do that.

RARELY / SELDOM ( = not very often )

I seldom go to the beach.

Seldom do I go to the beach.

I rarely ate ready meals while at uni.

Rarely did I eat ready meals while at uni.

WITH LITTLE ( Little do / does / did + someone+ know / realise )

It is used in writings or stories
The meaning of little here is NO

Examples:

John didn’t know he was being followed.

Little did John know that he was being followed.

Emma doesn’t know that her bag is missing.

Little does Emma know her bag is missing.

I don’t know how to do this exercise.

Little do I know how to do this exercise.

Maria didn’t know that her new iphone was a fake.

Little did Maria know that her new iphone was a fake.

NOT ONLY ...BUT ALSO ( to add something )

He enjoys smoking and drinking.

Not only does he enjoy smoking but he also drinking.

Eneko loves skating and climbing.

Not only does Eneko love skating but he also climbing.

The war caused deaths and suffering.

Not only did the war cause deaths but it also caused suffering.
but also suffering.
AT NO POINT / AT NO TIME ( = NEVER )

Examples:

I didn’t say I would accept the job.

At no point did I say I would accept the job.

Alex has never let me down ( decepcionar )

At no time has Alex let me down.

ONLY IN THIS WAY…

Only in this way can you pass the exam.

HAD I KNOWN...third conditional.

Had I known he liked me, I would had called him.