Chapter I-V - 174214134 - Media Dharma 15-11-2022

THE STRATEGIES AND EQUIVALENCE OF THE INDONESIAN
TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOMS IN JEFF KINNEY’S DIARY OF

A WIMPY KID
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters
By
MEDIA DHARMA
Student Number: 174214134
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA
YOGYAKARTA
2022
TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOMS IN JEFF KINNEY’S DIARY OF A
WIMPY KID
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
MEDIA DHARMA
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA
YOGYAKARTA
2022
ii
A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis

TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOMS IN JEFF KINNEY’S DIARY
OF A WIMPY KID
By
MEDIA DHARMA
Approved by
Almira Ghassani Sabrina Romala, S.S., M.A. 15 November 2022

Advisor
(Co-advisor) 15 November 2022

Co-advisor
iii
A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis

TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOMS IN JEFF KINNEY’S DIARY
OF A WIMPY KID
By
MEDIA DHARMA
Defended before the Board of Examiners

on November 15, 2022
and Declared Acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
NAME SIGNATURE
Chairperson : Almira G. S. Romala, S. S., M.A ____________
Secretary : (Co-advisor) ____________
Member 1 : (Main examiner) ____________
Member 2 : Almira G. S. Romala, S. S., M.A ____________
Member 3 : (Co-advisor) ____________
Yogyakarta, November 15, 2022

Faculty of Letters
Universitas Sanata Dharma Dean
Dr. Tatang Iskarna
iv
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously
submitted for any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge,
this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person
except where due references is made in the text of the undergraduate thesis.
November 15, 2022
Media Dharma
v
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH
UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma
Nama : Media Dharma
Nomor Mahasiswa : 174214134
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan

Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul
THE STRATEGIES AND EQUIVALENCE

OF THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOMS
IN JEFF KINNEY’S DIARY OF A WIMPY KID
Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan
dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan
secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan
akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada
saya selama mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal 15 November 2022
Yang menyatakan,
Media Dharma
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express deepest gratitude for God, who always give
me strength and patience to finish this research.
I want to send my gratitude to my thesis advisor, his undergraduate thesis could
not be done without all the help from my advisor, Almira Ghassani Shabrina Romala,
S.S., M.A., for all her support and patiently giving the guidance to complete this
research. I would also like to express my gratitude for my thesis co-advisor,(Co-
advisor), for giving me suggestion to help improve and make this thesis better.
I also thank my mother, my sister, and all of my friends, who always supported
me. Thank you for all your patience in supporting me through my college journey. With
all of your effort to help me to improve myself and becomes better me until this point.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE...........................................................................................................................
APPROVAL PAGE................................................................................................................
ACCEPTANCE PAGE...........................................................................................................
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY.......................................................................................
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH.....................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................................
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................
ABSTRAK...............................................................................................................................
CHAPTER I..............................................................................................................................
A. Background of the Study.....................................................................................................1
B. Problem Formulation...........................................................................................................3
C. Objectives of the Study........................................................................................................4
D. Definition of Terms.............................................................................................................4
CHAPTER II............................................................................................................................
A. Review of Related Studies...............................................................................................6
B. Review of Related Theories.............................................................................................8
C. Theoretical Framework...................................................................................................12
CHAPTER III.........................................................................................................................
A. Area of Research............................................................................................................13
B. Object of the Study.........................................................................................................14
C. Method of the Study.......................................................................................................14
D. Research Procedure........................................................................................................15
CHAPTER IV.........................................................................................................................
A. The Translation Strategies of Idiom Found in Diary of a Wimpy Kid.............................19
1. Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form...........................................................20
2. Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form..........................................23
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3. Translation by Paraphrase...........................................................................................31
4. Translation by Omission.............................................................................................38
B. Types of Equivalence Found in the Translation of Idiom in Diary of a Wimpy Kid.......40
1. Formal Equivalence....................................................................................................42
2. Dynamic Equivalence.................................................................................................43
3. Non Equivalence........................................................................................................49
CHAPTER V..........................................................................................................................
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................
APPENDIX.............................................................................................................................
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ABSTRACT
DHARMA, MEDIA. (2022). The Strategies and Equivalence of The Indonesian

Translation of English Idioms in Jeff Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid. Yogyakarta:
Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Translation is not a thing that everyone can do easily. It is a little bit challenging
for translator to translate literary works such as novel, poem, short story, and others that
consist of many idioms. This present research analyzes Jeff Kinney’s novel entitled
Diary of a Wimpy Kid, which translated into Diary Si Bocah Tengil by Ferry Halim.
This research focussing on analyzing the idiom in the book and the idiom translation
needs a suitable idioms or words in the target language to translate the idioms from the
source language. It is because the translation should make the content of the book
interesting and creates the same effect for the reader in the target language.
There are two problems to solve in this research. The first one is to identify the
strategy applied in translating idiom in the book. The second one is to analyze the
equivalence of the idiom translation in the book.
This research is a qualitative research which applies library and explicatory
methods. The library method was applied support the data analysis by collecting
information and expert’s theories in journal, books, and other sources. The explicatory
method was applied to elaborate the translation of idiom in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid
into Bahasa Indonesia.
This research which discusses about idiom translation is still in progress and the
researcher couldn't write the result of the research yet. However, based on the samples
used in the research seminar paper, the expected results of this research are a translation
strategy, translation by paraphrase has more commonly used for idiom translation in
the five data that were analyzed in the researcher’s seminar paper.
Keywords: idiom, translation equivalence, translation strategies
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ABSTRAK
Dharma, Media. (2022). The Strategies and Equivalence of The Indonesian

Translation of English Idioms in Jeff Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid. Yogyakarta:
Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Terjemahan bukanlah sesuatu yang dapat dengan mudah dilakukan oleh semua
orang. Akan sedikit menantang bagi penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan karya sastra
seperti novel, puisi, cerpen, dan lain-lain yang mengandung banyak idiom atau
ungkapan. Penelitian ini menganalisis novel karya Jeff Kinney berjudul Diary of a
Wimpy Kid, yang diterjemahkan menjadi Diary Si Bocah Tengil oleh Ferry Halim.
Penelitian ini difokuskan dalam menganalisis idiom/ungkapan yang terdapat dalam
buku dan terjemahan idiom/ kata/ungkapan yang tepat pada bahasa sasaran dari bahasa
sumber. Hal ini dikarenakan terjemahan harus membuat isi dari buku menjadi menarik
dan memberi pengaruh yang sama terhadap pembaca dari bahasa sasaran.
Terdapat dua permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Yang pertama
adalah mengidentifikasi strategi yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan idiom/ungkapan
dalam buku. Yang kedua adalah menganalisa ekuivalensi terjemahan idiom/ungkapan
dalam buku.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode
pustaka dan metode eksplikatori. Metode pustaka diaplikasikan untuk mendukung
analisa data dengan mengumpulkan informasi dan teori ahli dalam jurnal, buku, dan,
sumber lain. Metode eksplikatori diaplikasikan untuk menguraikan terjemahan idiom
dalam Diary of a Wimpy Kid ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia.
Penelitian mengenai penerjemahan idiom ini masih dalam proses pengerjaan dan
peneliti belum dapat menuliskan hasil penelitiannya. Berdasarkan sampel yang
digunakan dalam makalah seminar penelitian, hasil yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini
adalah strategi penerjemahan, translation by paraphrase lebih umum atau banyak
digunakan untuk penerjemahan idiom pada kelima data yang dianalisis dalam makalah
seminar milik peneliti.
Kata kunci: idiom, translation equivalence, translation strategies
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Translation is not a thing that everyone can do easily, because a translator
should have a decent knowledge and have the understanding of the source
language (SL) and the target language (TL), the translator should provide
something to convey the writer’s intention and the original thoughts to the readers
in the translated version. It is a little bit challenging for translators to translate
literary works that consist of many things. The translator should pay attention to
the meaning before translating the literary works for the translation version.
To make a good translation, people cannot translate something just
translate it word per word or just the literal meaning of the text. To translate a
text, the translator should take a look at some particular things. The important
thing is the understanding about the source text. Once the translator did not really
get the meaning of the source text, it may lead to the wrong translation and or just
boring translation such as the translation from the translation engine such as
Google Translate usually did. Because of that, understanding is important in order
to make equivalent translations.
There are many things that the translator need to consider in translating a
text. Including when translating idioms. According to Baker says there are four
things that are not equivalent when translating an idiomatic expression into target
2
language. The first one is the language of target language might have no
equivalent with the idiomatic expression from source language. Second, an
idiomatic expression might have similar counterpart with target language. The
third is that an idiomatic expression might be used in source language both in its
literal and idiomatic sense at the same time. The fourth is the context and the
frequencies of using idiomatic expression in source language might have different
meaning when it is translated into target language. (1992)
In order to translate the idiomatic expression correctly, the translators have
to use the translation strategy which related with idiomatic expression. According
to Baker (1992), there are four strategies in translating idiom. The first strategy is
using an idiom of similar meaning and form. The second is using an idiom of
similar meaning but dissimilar form. Third is translation by paraphrasing. The last
one is translation by omission.
In translating literary work, the translator also needs suitable idioms or
words in the target language to translate the idioms from the source language. The
choosing of the suitable idioms or words is important because the translation
should make the book interesting and creates the same effect for the reader. Even
though those idioms are from different language.
The researcher chooses the novel Diary of a Wimpy Kid because the story
of the novel is simple but the writer can make it interesting by using certain words
that make it more attractive such as idioms. The book’s genre is young-adult
novel. The author wants to attract young readers to read the book with the use of
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youth idioms. The translation must use language that is as attractive as possible to
all age readers but still represents messages from the source text language well.
To make the book more attractive, sometimes the translator needs to translate the
idioms without reduce the original meaning from the source text idioms in the
translated version. The translator has to make the translated version as similar as
possible to the original version. The strategies that the translator used in this book
and the aim of this novel for the universal readers are worth analyzing and
researching.
The novel Diary of a Wimpy Kid was written by Jeff Kinney and first
published in 2007. It is the first book of the fourteen Diary of a Wimpy Kid series,
each series can be read separately in different books. The novel was translated
into Indonesian by Ferry Halim in 2009 and published by Atria with the title
Diary Si Bocah Tengil.
This research aims to find the translation strategies that used to translate
idioms and the equivalence in the Jeff Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid.
B. Problem Formulation
The research questions for this research are:
1. What strategies are applied in translating idioms the Indonesian translation of
English in Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid?
2. What types of equivalence are found in the Indonesian translation of English
idioms in Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid?

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C. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this research are, first, to identify the strategies applied
for the idioms translation in the novel Diary of a Wimpy Kid using, and second, to
evaluate the equivalence of the idioms translation in the novel Diary of a Wimpy
Kid based on Nida’s equivalent. This research uses the Nida’s theories because it
is suitable for this research analysis.
D. Definition of Terms
The key terms occurring in the research are defined to avoid
misunderstanding and targeting the same perception to the readers. The key terms
defined specific and/or technical terms that related to the translation research.
Idiom is a group of words whose meaning cannot be predicted from the
meaning of their constituent words according to Newmark (1988). Therefore,
idiomatic expression can be seen as an expression which meaning has to be
understood as a whole. Idiomatic expression can consist of one or more words as
a group of words. It should have different meaning from the actual words in that
idiom itself. According to Baker (1992), idiomatic expression are a collection of
frozen patterns in a language which often carry meanings that cannot be deduced
from their individual idiom translation strategies.
Equivalence is the condition of being equal. Newmark (1988) states that
“a translation is equivalence when it has a similar effect on the target text receiver
as the source text is deemed to have on source text receivers”. According to Nida
(1982), equivalence is a process to achieve the equivalent effect that is closest to

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its natural equivalent to the source language that relies on the adaptation of
grammar, cultural, references, and lexicon of the source text.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part consists of a review of the
studies done by other researchers with the similar topics and the theories which related
to this present research. The studies similar to this research are taken from Pasangka’s
research, Ardita’s research, and Siahaan’s article. Then the step is to find the similarities
and the differences of this research and the research done by previous researchers. The
second part is a review of related theories to find a solid ground for this research. The
third part is the theoretical framework which explains the theories used and reviewed in
this research.
A. Review of Related Studies

1. Pasangka’s research “The Equivalence and the Method of the Indonesian
Translation of English Idiom in the Subtitle of Friday Night Lights Movie”
This research discusses the equivalence and the translation method of idiomatic
expressions found in the subtitle of Friday Night Lights movie. Pasangka uses Nida
and Taber’s formal and dynamic equivalence to analyze the idiomatic expressions
and Baker’s idiom translation strategies to analyze the equivalence. He found that
dynamic equivalence is used the most in translating the idiomatic expressions. He
also found that most of the idioms translated using paraphrase strategy.
This present research is similar to Pasangka’s research in the way it also focus
on the idiomatic expression. The other similarities between both of the researches
analyze the equivalence and the translation techniques/strategies. These two research
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both uses Nida and Taber’s theory analyze the equivalence of the idioms.The
differences between are on the object of the research and the discussion of the
translating object. The object of Pasangka’s research uses movie subtitle while this
present research uses novel translation.
2. Siahaan’s article “Penerjemahan Novel Anak dari Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa
Indonesia” (2015)
This article discusses the analysis of the form of equivalence, translation
procedures, and the types of translation errors in a book Diary of a Wimpy Kid in the
translated version to Bahasa Indonesia. A qualitative research was applied for the
research, the data collected by a thorough reading and analysing the source text and
the target text which have errors. The result is the most frequent error found in the
book is the change of meaning caused by inequivalent words.
This present research is similar to Siahaan’s research in the way it also used the
Diary of a Wimpy Kid book. However, in Siahaan’s research, she focuses on
inequivalence and the types of translation errors while this present research focuses
on the techniques applied in translating idioms and the types of equivalence.
3. Ardita’s research “The Translation Analysis of the Idiomatic Expression in
Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw into Diary si Bocah Tengil:
Usaha Terakhir”
This research discusses the equivalence and translation strategies of idiomatic
expression found in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw by Jeff Kinney. Ardita
uses two theories in her research. She uses Larson’s theory to analyze the
equivalence of the translation. She found that most of the translations are non-
figurative equivalence. She also uses Baker’s theory in order to analyze the
8
translation strategy used in translating the novel and she found that the translation
strategy which is applied the most in translating the novel is using similar meaning
and form.
This present research is similar to Ardita’s research in the way it also used the
Diary of a Wimpy Kid series. She also discusses the translation equivalence and the
translation strategies. The difference between this present research and Ardita’s
research is in the object that is analyzed. Although both of the researches discusses
translation strategies of idiomatic expression, she used the third book of Diary of a
Wimpy Kid series, The Last Straw.
B. Review of Related Theories

1. Theories of Translation
According to Nida and Taber (1974), translation is concerned in the closest
natural meaning of the SL message, rather than the style. “Translating consists of
reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source
language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”.
According to Foster (1958), translation is defined in many ways by some
theorist depending on how they view the language and translation. Translation is an
act in which the content of a text is transferred from the source language into the
target language. According to Larson (1984), translation consists of transferring the
meaning of the source language into the receptor language.
From those definitions, it can conclude that two languages are involved in
translation, the source language and the target text or receptor. It also concludes that
translating is an act to produce the meaning of the source text into the target text.
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Larson stated the best translation is the translation which uses the normal language
forms of the receptor language, communicates, to the receptor language speakers the
same meaning that was understood by the speakers of the source language, and
maintains the dynamics of the original source text, it means the translation is
presented in a way that cause the same response as the source text means.
2. Theories of Idiom Translation
According to Mona Baker, there are two main problems in translating an idiom
into another language. They are the ability to recognize and interpret the meaning of
idiom, and the difficulties in rendering various aspect of meaning that the idiom has.
(Baker, 1992)
In her book titled In Other Words, she states “using an idiom of similar
meaning and form, using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, borrowing
the source language idiom, translation by paraphrase, and translation by omission”
(Baker, 1992). Baker classifies five theories to analyze idiom.
a. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form
The first idiom translation strategy is translation using an idiom that have
similar meaning to the source language. It consist of equivalent lexical items.
This strategy involves the use of an idiom in the target language which conveys
the same meaning as the source language idiom. It also conveys the same
meaning and be equivalent as the source language idiom. The example of this
strategy is the English idiom “two-faced”, the idiom is translated into and idiom
in Bahasa Indonesia “bermuka dua”. Both of these idioms have the same
meaning.
b. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form

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This strategy is used to find an idiom or fixed expression in the target
language which has a similar meaning to the source idiom or expression. These
strategy focuses on the meaning of the idiom from the source language and
convey its meaning by finding the target language idiom which has the closest
meaning even the target language idiom has different form with the source
language idiom. It has dissimilar form in the target language and has different
lexical items. In this strategy, the lexical items of an idiom are not preserved and
it is translated as a semantic equivalent. The example of this strategy is the
English idiom “use your mind”, the idiom is translated into the Indonesian idiom
“bermain dengan akal”. These two idioms have similar meaning but they have
different lexical item. In the English idiom, it uses the word “use” while in
Indonesian Idiom uses the word “bermain”.
c. Translation by paraphrase
This is one of the most common strategy in translating idioms. This strategy
is used when a match cannot be found in the target language in the target text
because of the differences in stylistic preferences of the source and target
languages. The example of paraphrase idiom translation is the English idiom
“red alert”, it is translated into Bahasa Indonesia as “bahaya”. The idiom
translated into Indonesian word “bahaya” because both of them have similar
context.
d. Translation by omission
An idiom may sometimes be omitted altogether in the target text, it is
because it has no close match in the target language, its meaning cannot be
easily paraphrased, or for stylistic reasons. This strategy is rarely used. One of
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the example of this strategy is the English idiom “for the heck of it”, this idiom
does not have an equivalent idiom and also has no close match word to define
the source text in target language.
3. Theories of Equivalence
Newmark (2001) divides the equivalence in translation into two, semantic and
communicative translation. Semantic translation attempts to render as closely as
possible in the semantic and the syntactic structures of the second language allow the
exact contextual meaning of the original, while the communicative translation
attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to the obtained on the
readers of the original.
In the book Einführung in die Übersetzungswissenschaft (1979), Koller
proposes five frames of equivalence relations, they are denotative, connotative, text-
normative, pragmatic, and formal. These categories suggest that the translator selects
the type of equivalence based on what is the most appropriate to the dominant
function of the source text because not all variables are relevant to every situation.
Denotative is the equivalence that focuses on the lexis of a text by analyzing the
correspondences and the interaction with textual factors. One of the connotative
focus is on the formality, which observes the slang. Text-normative looks at the
usage in different communicative situations. Pragmatic in equivalence analyse the
communicative conditions valid for different receiver groups in different language
pairs and texts. Formal equivalence analyse the rhyme of the stylistic forms.
In Nida’s Toward a Science of Translating (1964), he divides the equivalence
in translation into two kinds of equivalence, there are formal corre
spondence and dynamic equivalence.

12
a. Formal correspondence is concerned with the word to word translation since the
purpose of this equivalence is to match the source text and the target text as
much as possible. For example, the words ‘empty handed’ that translated into
‘tangan hampa’. Both of these two expression are idioms and they are equivalent
because each word from TT has the same meaning with the idiom in the ST
(Pasangka, p. 29, 2016).
b. Dynamic equivalence emphasizes the relationship between the target text and
the lllmessage of the translation should be the same with the original receptor
and the message even the translation needs to change the sentence structure
between source text and target text as long as the translation is right in the
meaning. For example, in the words ‘fact of life’ and ‘kenyataan hidup’, based
on its meaning, the words “fact of life” means a situation that cannot be
changed. The translation uses its natural expression of the TT instead of its
literal meaning, thus they are considered as dynamic equivalent (pasangka p. 32,
2016).
According to Baker, in her book In Other Words, there might a non
equivalence word that appears in translating language. Baker explained that non
equivalence at word level occurs when the target language has no direct
equivalent with the source language (1992, p. 20).
C. Theoretical Framework
There are two theories applied in this present research: Baker’s theory of
idiom translation strategies and Nida’s theory of equivalence. Baker’s theory is
important to help in classifying the strategies in translating the English idioms

13
while Nida’s theory is important to evaluate the equivalence in translating the
idioms.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodologies applied by the researcher in this
present research. This chapter consists of four parts. They are areas of research,
object of the study, method of the study, and research procedure. The first part
tells about the areas of translation research in order to limit the scope of this
research. The second part explains the object which is examined in this present
research. The third part elaborates what methods which are applied in this present
research. The fourth part defines the procedures of the analysis processes,
containing the types of data, the data collection, the population and sample, and
the data analysis.
A. Area of Research
This research focuses on the analysis of the idioms translation in the
cartoon novel Diary of a Wimpy Kid by Jeff Kinney as the source text, which was
translated into Diary si Bocah Tengil by Ferry Halim as the target text. The focus
of this research categorized as a text analysis and translation on the Comparison
of Translation and their Source Texts as Williams and Chesterman’s stated;
The analysis of translated texts involves the textual comparison of a

translation with its original. A translation comparison deals with several
translations into the same language or into different languages, of the same
original. Such topics cannot deal with every possible aspect of the texts of
course, so you have to choose the aspect(s) you want to focus. (William &
Chesterman, 2002, p. 6).
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15
The idioms in Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid are compared to their translation in
Diary si Bocah Tengil by Ferry Halim to see if there are translation shifts
occurring in the Indonesian version.
B. Object of the Study

The object of the study is the idioms contained in the novel entitled Diary
of a Wimpy Kid written by Jeff Kinney and in its Indonesian translation entitled
Diary si Bocah Tengil by Ferry Halim. The researcher used the first edition of
Diary of a Wimpy Kid, which was published in 2007, as well as the Indonesian
translation version, which was published in 2009. The first book of Diary of a
Wimpy Kid consists of 217 pages long and this research focuses on the idiom
terms found in the ST and the translation found in the TT, with 60 data points
discovered and analyzed.
C. Method of the Study

The present research is a qualitative research applying library and
explicatory methods. The qualitative research’s results are “captured in words,
images, or nonnumeric symbols” (George, 2008, p. 7). Qualitative research is
applied in this research since the objectives of this present research discusses the
idiomatic expression. The library research “involves identifying and locating
sources that provide factual information or personal/expert opinion on a research
question” (George, 2008, p. 6). The theories and expert’s opinion are collected by
16
using library method. Some references such as journals and books are also used to
support this present research.
Since this present research is concerned with the elaboration and
explanation of the translation of the idioms, the explicatory method is applied
because “entails a careful, close, and focused examination of a single major text,
or of evidence surrounding a single complex event, in an attempt to understand
one or more aspects of it” (George, 2008, p. 6). The explicatory method is applied
to elaborate and to explain the idioms in Diary si Bocah Tengil by Ferry Halim.
D. Research Procedure
1. Types of Data
The objective data to analyze in this research is the idioms taken from the
Source Text (ST) and Target Text (TT). The ST is the English version of the
novel entitled Diary of a Wimpy Kid by Jeff Kinney which was published by
Puffin Books in 2007 consisting of 217 pages. The (TT) is the Indonesian
translation version entitled Diary si Bocah Tengil by Ferry Halim which was
published by Penerbit Atria in 2009 consisting of 216 pages. This literature novel
is categorized as a literature for teenager. The data which are analyzed in this
present research are 50 idioms.

17
Figure 1. Diary of a Wimpy Kid Figure 2. Diary si Bocah Tengil

(ST) (TT)
2. Data Collection
The first step in conducting the research was to read both the English
version (ST) and the Indonesian version (TT) of the literary work. The next step
was to collect the novel's narrations and dialogues that contained idioms from
Diary of a Wimpy Kid. Cambridge, Merriam-Webster, Oxford Learner's, The Free
Dictionary by Farlex, and Urban Dictionary are the dictionaries used in this study
to aid in research analysis.
After collecting all of the data, the researcher organized it into a table to
make it easier to analyze the idiom data. Baker's translation strategy theory was
used to analyze the data. The data was classified and coded by the researcher as
follows:
Table 1. Example of Data Coding

Number Source Text Number Target Text Type of
of Data (ST) of Data (TT) Strategy
18
But I guess I Namun, aku Paraphrase

must have made pasti membuat
01/ST/Ch1 01/TT/Ch1
a pretty big- gaduh
racket because… karena…
01 : number of the whole data (the first number of the code)
ST : Source Text (Diary of a Wimpy Kid by Jeff Kinney)
TT : Target Text (Diary si Bocah Tengil by Ferry Halim)
Ch1 : Number of the chapter
3. Population and Sample
All sentences which contained idioms in the novel Diary of a Wimpy Kid
as many as 50 data were analyzed. No samples were taken.
4. Data Analysis
The data analysis were arranged in two parts to find the answer of the
problem formulation. The first part was the identification of the translation
techniques based on Baker (1992). The table below is the data analysis example
by applying Baker’s idiom translation methods theory.
Table 2. The Example of Applied Strategies Data Analysis

Number Number Type of
Source Text (ST) Target Text (TT)
of Data of Data Strategy
But I guess I must
Namun, aku pasti
01/ST/ have made a pretty 01/TT/
membuat gaduh Paraphrase
Ch1 big-racket Ch1
karena…
because…
The datum above shows a paraphrasing translation. The idiom “big-
racket” is translated into the same idiomatic meaning “gaduh”, it is a paraphrasing

19
translation because the word “big-racket” has a different literal meaning “raket-
besar”.
After finding out the type of translation method, the second part is finding
the equivalence based on Nida (1964). The table below is the data analysis
example by applying Nida’s equivalence translation theory.
Table 3. The Example of Equivalence Type Analysis

Number Number Types of
Source Text (ST) Target Text (TT)
of Data of Data Equivalence
But I guess I must
Namun, aku pasti
01/ST/ have made a pretty 01/TT/
membuat gaduh Dynamic
Ch1 big-racket Ch1
karena…
because…
It can be seen in the data 1/ST/Ch1 and 1/TT/Ch1 that it is a dynamic
equivalence. Big-racket is translated into “gaduh”. According to Cambridge
Dictionary, big-racket means “an unpleasant loud continuous noise”. The idiom is
translated by its actual meaning of the idiom because if it translated with the
literal menaing, it becomes “raket besar” and it misleads the idea of the idiom in
the ST. Thus, dynamic translation used in this data to maintain the original
meaning of big-racket in the target language.

CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter contains the findings of the analysis. This chapter is divided
into two parts. The first part discusses the analysis of the idioms translation
methods using Baker’s idiom translation strategy. Meanwhile, the second part
analyzes the idiom translation equivalence based on Nida’s equivalence, they are
Formal equivalence and Dynamic quivalence.
A. The Translation Strategies of Idiom Found in Diary of a Wimpy Kid

In the first part of the study, the researcher aims to identify and analyze the
translation strategies that applied in Jeff Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid book.
This analysis focuses on the idiom that appeared in the book. The collected data
and analysis are explained based on Baker’s idiom translation strategies in her
book In Other Words (1992). All of the Baker’s strategies are categorized into
four types, which are 1.) Using idiom of similar meaning and form, 2.) Using
idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, 3.) Translation by paraphrase, and
4.) Translation by omission (1992, pp. 71-78). The result of the translation
strategy analysis used in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid book are presented in the
following charts.
20
21
Idiom Translation Strategy

4% 4%
14%
Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form
Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning But Dissimilar Form
Translation by Paraphrase
Translation by Omission
78%
Chart 1. Percentage of Idiom Translation Strategy Usage
The chart above shows the idiom translation strategy applied in Diary of a
Wimpy Kid novel. There are 50 data in this present research. Translation by
paraphrase becomes the mostly used strategy in translating idiom in the book with
39 occurrence (78%). Using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form is the
second mostly used strategy with 7 times occurrence (14%). The least strategies
used in this research are using idiom of similar meaning and form with 2 data
(4%) and translation by omission with 2 times occurrence (4%)
The following discussion about four strategy categories applied in idiom
translation in Diary of a Wimpy Kid. These are the data followed with the analysis
of each idiom.
1. Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form

Using an idiom of similar meaning and form is a translation strategy is
used to translate an idiom when the phrase in both two language has idiomatic
form and the idiom in the source language also has a similar lexical form as in the
22
target language. There are two data in this bilingual novel, which it is 4% from the
whole data.
The example of translation using an idiom of similar meaning and form
can be seen in the following tables below.
Table 4. Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form Strategy
Number of Source Text Number of Target Text Type of

Data (ST) Data (TT) Strategy
Aku tidak
I can’t believe
menyangka Using an idiom
Rowley went
Rowley akan of similar
36/ST/Ch7 and 36/TT/Ch7
menikamku meaning and
backstabbed
dari belakang form
me like that.
seperti ini.
The idiom data on the table above is backstabbed. On the table above, the
idiom backstabbed translated into “menikamku dari belakang”. According to
Cambridge Dictionary, backstabbed means “the act of saying harmful or
unpleasant things about a person when they are not present” which in Bahasa
Indonesia, that explanation means “suatu tindakan mengatakan hal-hal yang
berbahaya atau tidak menyenangkan tentang seseorang ketika orang tersebut tidak
ada” or “an act which says something harmful or unpleasant things about someone
when the person is not around at that time.
In KBBI, the word “menikam” is the verb form of “tikam” which has a
meaning “tusukan” or “stab”; based on the context of this data, the meaning of the
word “dari” is “kata yang menyatakan asal kedatangan” or in English “a word that
indicates the origin of arrival”; and “belakang” means “back”. Each words from
23
the ST and TT have similarities in their meaning. The combined words
“menikamku dari belakang” does not literally mean stabbing people, however it
means someone has betrayed a person from behind.
As the explanation above, this idiom classified as translation using an
idiom with similar meaning and form. It can be seen from the idiomatic form from
both in ST and TT, and the words used in both ST and TT have similarities in the
form of words.
The datum in the following table also applies using translation using an
idiom with similar meaning and form to translate into “mencairkan es”.
Table 5. Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form Strategy

Walaupun
belakangan ini
Even though
Rowley
Rowley has Using an idiom
bertingkah
been a total of similar
seperti
jerk lately, I meaning and
40/ST/Ch7 40/TT/Ch7 bajingan, hari
tried to break form
aku tetap
the ice with
berusaha
him today,
mencairkan
anyway.
es di Antara
kami.
The idiom data on the datum above is break the ice. The idiom break the
ice translated into “mencairkan es”. According to Free Idiom Dictionary by
Farlex, break the ice means “to do something as a means of reducing or
eliminating shyness, awkward tension, or unfamiliarity” or in Bahasa Indonesia it
becomes “melakukan sesuatu yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi atau

24
menghilangkan rasa malu, kecanggungan, atau ketidakbiasaan” or “do something
that aims to reduce or eliminate embarrassment, awkwardness, or unfamiliarity”.
In KBBI, “mencairkan” is a verb which means “menjadikan cair” or
“make something into liquid”, and “es” means “ice”. When it combined as one,
“mencairkan es” here becomes an idiomatic expression. “Mencairkan es” does not
means melt the ice literally, but the meaning in this context is to “mencairkan
suasana” or “melt the situation”. In English, it commonly called as break the ice.
These two data have similarity in their idiomatic meaning and they have similar
words which formation between the ST and TT. Therefore, as the explanation
above, translation using idiom with similar form and meaning applied.
2. Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form

This strategy is used when in the target language has a similar idiomatic
phrase as an idiom from the source language, but the idioms from source language
and target language have different lexical form. In this research, there are five data
which uses this strategy to translate the novel into Bahasa Indonesia. Those five
data are explained in the data analysis below:
Table 6. Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form Strategy

But my trick
kind of Tapi, senjata Using an idiom
backfired, makan tuan; of similar
6/ST/Ch1 6/TT/Ch1
because as begitu Mom meaning but
soon as Mom melihatku, dissimilar form
saw me,
25
The idiom on the datum above is backfired. On the datum above, the
idiom backfired translated into “senjata makan tuan”. According to Cambridge
Dictionary, “backfire” means “to have the opposite result from the one you
intended” which in Bahasa Indonesia means “untuk mendapatkan hasil yang
sebaliknya dari apa yang anda maksud”.
In KBBI, the word “senjata” means “alat yang dipakai untuk berkelahi
atau berperang” or in English “a tool which used for fighting or war”, “makan”
means “eat”, and the meaning of the last word “tuan” in this context is “pemilik
atau yang empunya” or “the owner”. The combined phrase “senjata makan tuan”
means “sesuatu yang direncanakan untuk mencelakakan orang lain, tetapi berbalik
mengenai diri sendiri” which in English it means “something that already planned
to harm others, but it turns back on yourself”. The context of this data is that the
main character's father asks the main character, Greg, to do some sport activities,
but Greg then decides to play video games with his friend, Rowley, to avoid being
tired, instead of doing what his father had previously asked about sport activities.
After Greg plays the video games, he went home and he pretends like he have
done the exercise. Unfortunately, Greg's trick against his father is like turning
back to him, seeing his son looks sweaty, Greg's mother then asks him to take a
bath.
Therefore, as the explanation above, this translation considered as
translation of idiom using idiom with similar meaning but different form, it can be
seen since the TT has the same idiomatic form like the one in the ST but the
words of the idiom in each languages is different.

26
The following datum shows the application of translation using an idiom
of similar meaning but dissimilar form.

Di tengah-
Right in the
tengah
middle of our
permainan, Using an idiom
game, Mrs
Mrs. Craig of similar
Craig came
7/ST/Ch1 7/TT/Ch1 muncul dari meaning but
around the
sebuah sudut dissimilar form
corner and
dan
caught us red-
menangkap
handed.
basah kami.
The idiom on the table above is red-handed. On the table above, the idiom
red-handed translated into “menangkap basah”. According to Cambridge
Dictionary, red-handed means “to find someone in the act of doing something
illegal”.
The meaning of “menangkap” in KBBI has the similar meaning with
“catch” in English and “basah” is an adjective which means “mengandung air atau
barang cair” or “contains water or liquid”. The combined words “menangkap
basah” as an idiom means “memergoki dan menangkap (orang yang sedang
melakukan kejahatan atau perbuatan terlarang)” or in English “catch and arrest
(people who are committing crimes or prohibited acts)”. The meaning of both two
idiom are similar, but the literal meaning red-handed and “menangkap basah” are
different. Red-handed consist of “red” which refers to a colour, and “handed”
indicates “having a hand or hands especially of a specified kind or number —
usually used in combination”. Meanwhile, “menangkap basah” consist of
“menangkap” which means “catch”, and “basah” which means “wet” in English.
27
As the explanation above, the translator uses translation using idiom with
similar meaning but dissimilar form since the ST and TT both have idiomatic
form, but the words which construct the idiom in the ST and TT are different.
The last table shows a similarities as the previous datum, this data also
considered as an idiom in both ST and TT.

Ya ampun, aku
Man, I should seharusnya Using an idiom
have known sudah bisa of similar
there was a menduga ada meaning but
14/ST/Ch2 14/TT/Ch2
catch when udang di balik dissimilar form
Mom gave me batu saat Mom
that costume. memberikan
kostum itu.
The idiom on the table above is a catch. On the table above a catch
translated into “udang di balik batu”. According to Vocabulary Dictionary, “If
someone tells you there's a catch, it means there is a complication” which in
Bahasa Indonesia it means “jika seseorang memberitahumu bahwa ada a catch,
maka disitu ada sebuah komplikasi”. Meanwhile, if this idiom is translated into
Bahasa Indonesia literally, it becomes “sebuah tangkapan”.
In KBBI, “udang” means “shrimp”, “di balik” means “behind or over”,
and “batu” means “stone or rock”. However, when it combined together as one
phrase “udang di balik batu”, it becomes one of Indonesian idiom which means
“ada suatu maksud yang tersembunyi”. The context that being discussed here is
about the main character mistrust his mother when she give him a Halloween
28
costume. His suspicion toward his mother became reality, she wants Greg to bring
his brother Manny with him. As the explanation explained, “maksud yang
tersembunyi” can be considered as “complication” from the ST meaning. The
idiom on the ST and TT are different. The literal meaning of the TT if it translated
into English it becomes “a shrimp behind a rock”.
Therefore, as the explanation above, this idiom is classified as translation
using idiom with similar meaning but dissimilar form. Even though the ST and TT
have different form, they both still an idiom which indicates that they have a
hidden purpose.
The following table also using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar
form in translating idiom.

We started Kami segera Using an idiom
brainstorming memeras of similar
30/ST/Ch5 30/TT/Ch5 meaning but
right away. otak.
dissimilar form
The idiom on the table above is brainstorming. On the table above, the
idiom brainstorming translated into “memeras otak”. According to Cambridge
Dictionary, brainstorming means “an activity or business method in which a
group of people meet to suggest a lot of new ideas for possible development”. In
Bahasa Indonesia, it translated into “aktivitas atau metode bisnis di mana
sekelompok orang bertemu untuk menyarankan banyak ide baru untuk

29
kemungkinan perkembangan”. While the literal translation of brainstorming is
“membadaikan otak”.
In KBBI, the word “memeras” means memijit (menekan dan sebagainya)
supaya keluar airnya; memerah” or “squeeze (press and so on) so that the water
comes out; blush”. The meaning of “memeras otak” as an idiom is “berpikir
keras” or “think hard”. The context of this data is that the characters join an event,
and they discuss the idea about what they want to draw before they start. As the
context in the data, although the literal translation of those two data from ST and
TT are different, they are similar in their meaning and the idiom form. If the data
translated with its literal translation, it will mislead the idea and the meaning from
the ST.
As the explanation above, this idiom translation is considered as a
translation using an idiom with similar meaning but dissimilar form. Both of the
data shows about a discussion to achieve something.
The next table shows a similarities as the previous datum, this data also
considered as translation using an idiom with similar meaning but dissimilar form.

12/ST/Ch2 Now, I know our 12/TT/Ch2 Nah, aku tahu
flyers said kami
admission fifty menyebutnya
cents, but I biaya masuk Using an idiom
could see that sebesar lima
of similar
we had a chance puluh sen di
to make a dalam selebaran
meaning but
killing here. kami, tetapi aku dissimilar form
30
melihat ada
kesempatan
untuk meraup
keuntungan di
sini.
The idiom on the table above is make a killing. On the table above, make a
killing translated into “meraup keuntungan”. Based on Cambridge Dictionary,
make a killing means “to earn a lot of money in a short time and with little effort”
which in Bahasa Indonesia means “untuk mendapatkan banyak uang dalam waktu
singkat dan dengan sedikit usaha”. If the idiom translated into literally into
Bahasa Indonesia, it becomes “melakukan pembunuhan”, and it will mislead the
meaning of the idiom in the TT.
In KBBI, the word “meraup” means menciduk dengan merapatkan kedua
belah tangan” or “scooping up with both hands”, the object that is usually used for
the word “meraup” is “air” or water. Then the word “keuntungan” means “profit”.
The combined words “meraup keuntungan” does not represents “meraup” as
scooping the water, but “meraup keuntungan” that means “mendapat banyak
keuntungan” or “get a lot of profit” in English. The context of this data is the main
character make an admission fee for his haunted house business, then he said that
he will make a profit from it. As the explanation of each ST and TT, those two
idiom are match in their meaning.
As the data analysis above, the translator translated this data using idiom
with similar meaning but dissimilar form, as they both of the data are idiom and
they aim the similar meaning to make a profit.

31
The last table shows a similarities as the previous table, this data also
considered as an idiom in both the source and the target.

You know, this Tahu tidak? Using an idiom
Class Halaman of similar
Favourites Favorit di kelas meaning but
46/ST/Ch8 46/TT/Ch8
thing has really membuatku dissimilar form
got my gears berpikir
turning. keras.
The idiom data on the datum above is got my gears turning. According to
Definition-of.com, “gears are turning” means “generally productive things are
happening, starting to happen”. In this context, the use of the idiom got my gears
turning in this data is to show that the main character got confused of his school
event. If the idiom translated into Bahasa Indonesia literally, it becomes “roda
gigiku berputar”.
In KBBI, the word “membuat” means “makes” or “create”, the word
“berpikir” means “think”, and then the word “keras” means “padat kuat dan tidak
mudah berubah bentuknya atau tidak mudah pecah” or “solid strong and not easily
deformed or not easily broken” in English. The combined word “membuatku
berpikir keras” does not represent as “solid strong thinking”, but the meaning of
the idiom is more to wonder why people would do something weird. As the
context of this data is the main character sees about Class Favourite Award in his
32
school, which make he thinks why would people want to join and win in that
award. What’s bothering in the main character’s mind is people who joined the
award will be listed forever and their name will can never be lost from the
yearbook.
Therefore, as the explanation above, this idiom is translated by translation
using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form. Even though the ST and
TT different in their literal meaning, they share the same idiom form and their
meaning as an idiom.
3. Translation by Paraphrase
Paraphrase translation strategy is the most commonly used in translating
idiom in Jeff Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid. This could happens because
paraphrase strategy used when there is no idiom that match in the target language.
In this research, there are forty idiom data using translation by paraphrase. The
table below shows the explanation of paraphrase translation strategy.
Table 12. Translation by Paraphrase Strategy

I guess I kind Kurasa aku
of felt sorry agak kasihan
for Rowley, pada Rowley, Paraphrase
5/ST/Ch1 and I decided 5/TT/Ch1 dan aku
to take him memutuskan
under my untuk
wing. melindunginya.
The idiom on the table above is under my wing. The idiom under my wing
translated into “melindunginya”. According to Cambridge Dictionary, “if you take
someone under your wing, you start to protect and take care of them” which
33
literally means “jika anda menempatkan seseorang di bawah sayap anda, berarti
anda sedang melindungi dan menjaga orang itu”. The literal translation of under
my wing is “di bawah sayapku”. Under my wing is considered as an idiom,
because it has different meaning from the literal meaning of each words in the
phrase.
In KBBI, “melindungi” means “menjaga, merawat, atau memelihara”, the
main idea of those three words means “protect” in English. The context of this
part is when the main character first meet with his friend Rowley. The way how
Rowley introduce himself made the main character felt sorry about his new friend
Rowley and then he decide to take care and protect of this his new friend. The
main character thinks that way because of the Rowley’s innocence when he
introduces himself.
The form of the ST and TT are different. Although the meaning of
“melindungi” is the same from under my wing in the ST, under my wing has
idiomatic form meanwhile “melindunginya” is a literal meaning and it is not an
idiom in Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, as the explanation above, this translation is
classified using translation by paraphrase. Another example of paraphrase strategy
can be seen in the table below.

She took the Dia mengambil
music player alat pemutar
away from me music dariku Paraphrase
8/ST/Ch1 8/TT/Ch1
and started dan mulai
chewing us mengomeli
out. kami.
34
The idiom on the table above is chewing us out. On the table above
chewing us out translated into “mengomeli kami”. According to Cambridge
Dictionary, chew (someone) out means “to criticize someone angrily” which
means “untuk mengkritik seseorang dengan marah”. The literal meaning of
chewing us out in Bahasa Indonesia is “mengunyah kita”.
In KBBI, “mengomeli” means “memarahi” or “scold” and “kami” means
“us”. The context of this data is the main character got scolded by his teacher
because he brought music player to school, since bring the music player is
prohibited. The ST chewing us out has an idiomatic form, meanwhile the TT
“melindunginya” does not have idiomatic form.
The TL does not have an idiom that suitable for translating the ST. So the
data translated into a non-idiomatic form. As the explanation above, translation by
paraphrase applied in this data.
The following datum analyzes the idiomatic phrase with paraphrase
strategy into a word without idiomatic form.

11/ST/Ch2 I’ll admit 11/TT/Ch2 Harus kuakui
maybe we kami memang
stretched the agak membual
truth a little in dalam iklan
our kami, tetapi
advertisement, kami harus Paraphrase
but we had to terdengar
make sure meyakinkan
people actually agar orang-
showed up. orang mau
35
datang.
The idiom on the table above is stretched the truth. On the table above,
stretched the truth translated into “membual”. According to Cambridge
Dictionary, stretch the truth is used “to say something that is not completely
honest in order to make someone or something seem better than it really is” which
means “ungkapan untuk mengatakan sesuatu yang tidak sepenuhnya jujur untuk
membuat seseorang atau sesuatu seolah tampak lebih baik daripada yang
sebenarnya”. If this idiom translated into literal meaning, it becomes
“meregangkan kebenaran” in Indonesian.
In KBBI, “membual” means “bercakap yang bukan-bukan” or “talk
nonsense”. The context in this data is about the two main characters make an
advertisement for their haunted house. They think that they need to do something
to get children’s attention around their neighbourhood to come to their haunted
house business.
The form of the ST and TT are different. The ST is an idiom, meanwhile
the TT does not have idiomatic form. The translator paraphrases the data into
“membual” which it turned into a simple word to maintain the context. This
happened because there is no idiomatic expression that can maintain the meaning
from the ST. Therefore, translation by paraphrase applied.
The following table analyzes the idiomatic phrase “potty break” into
“pipis” using paraphrase strategy.

36

A little while Tak lama
later, Rowley kemudian,
17/ST/Ch2 told me he 17/TT/Ch2 Rowley bilang Paraphrase
needed a dia ingin
“potty break”. “pipis”.
The idiom on the table above is potty break. Potty break translated into
“pipis” in the target text. According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary
English, “potty break happens when you stop what you are doing, so that you can
use the toilet, and it used humorously” or in Bahasa Indonesia “potty break terjadi
saat anda menghentikan apa yang sedang anda lakukan, sehingga anda dapat
menggunakan toilet”. The literal translation of potty break is “istirahat pispot”.
In KBBI, the word “pipis” can be considered as two different parts of
speech, the idiom can be a verb “kencing” or “pee”, it can also be a noun “air
kencing” or “urine”. The TT “pipis” in this context of the data is a verb.
The word “pipis” has a similar meaning to the idiom potty break, but they
have difference in terms of their form. The ST is in idiomatic form while the TT is
a regular word that does not have idiomatic form. This translation is considered
using translation by paraphrase because of the target language does not have an
equivalent idiom as the source text.
The following table has a similarity in paraphrase translation, it
paraphrases an idiom phrase into a regular word in the target text.

Man, I forgot Astaga, aku
19/ST/Ch2 ALL about 19/TT/Ch2 lupa tentang
Dad, and we Dad, dan kami Paraphrase
37
benar-benar
totally paid
mendapat
the price for it.
musibah.
The idiom data on the table above is paid the price. The idiom translated
into “mendapat musibah”. According to Cambridge Dictionary, “pay the price”
means “to experience the bad result of something you have done” or “mengalami
akibat buruk dari sesuatu yang telah anda lakukan”. If the idiom paid the price
translated with its literal meaning, it becomes “membayar harganya”.
In KBBI, the word “mendapat” means “menerima” or “receive” and
“musibah” means “malapetaka; bencana” or “catastrophe; disaster’. The situation
of this data is the main character’s father set a water splash trap for the naughty
kids during Halloween, but the plan is messed up because the main character
forgot that his father had already prepared the trap in front of their house, so
instead he is the one who gets splashed by the water trap when he went home. The
combined word “mendapat musibah” means “getting a disaster”, which in this
context, it means getting a consequence after you did something. In this case, the
main character forgot the trap and he got a problem from it.
The idiom paid the price has similarity in their meaning with the
“mendapat musibah”, but the TT is not an idiom in the target language. It is
because Bahasa Indonesia does not have idiom with the same meaning as idiom
from the source language. Therefore paid the price is translated into ordinary
words to fulfill the same idea and meaning as in the source. Thus, as the
explanation above, this translation considered as translation by paraphrase.

38
The following table shows a similarity as the previous data, it also uses
translation by paraphrase in translating the idiom.

That’s when I Saat itu, aku
thanked my bersyukur
lucky stars the para cewek Paraphrase
21/ST/Ch3 21/TT/Ch3
girls were on berlatih di sisi
the other side lain ruang
of the gym. senam itu.
The idiom on the datum above is thanked my lucky stars. The idiom
thanked my lucky stars translated into “bersyukur”. According to Cambridge
Dictionary, “thank your lucky stars” means “to be very grateful for something”,
and also according to Merriam Webster Dictionary, “thank one’s lucky stars”
means “to be very grateful”. In Bahasa Indonesia it means “sangat mensyukuri
sesuatu”, but if the idiom translated literally into Bahasa Indonesia, it becomes
“terima kasih bintang keberuntunganku”.
In KBBI, “bersyukur” means “berterima kasih”. The context of this idiom
data is when the main character joins wrestling course in his school and he is
wearing wrestling singlet which embarrass him, but thankfully the girls train on
the other side of the gym so they do not see the main character in his singlet. The
ST and TT have a similar meaning, but TT does not have the idiomatic form, as in
the ST. Different from thanked my lucky stars, the translation “Bersyukur” is a
literal meaning of the word itself. Therefore, as the explanation above, this idiom
data translated using translation by paraphrase.

39
The last table also shows the paraphrase translation in translating idiom.

Kemudian, Dad
Then dad said mengatakan jika
if I wanted a aku
bench press, I menginginkan Paraphrase
24/ST/Ch3 should keep 24/TT/Ch3 alat untuk
my fingers melatih otot, aku
crossed for bisa berharap-
Christmas. harap cemas di
hari Natal nanti.
The idiom data on the table above is keep my fingers crossed. The idiom
on the table above translated into “berharap-harap cemas”. According to
Cambridge Dictionary, “keep your fingers crossed” phrase means “to hope that
things will happen in the way that you want them to” or in Bahasa Indonesia it
becomes “untuk berharap bahwa hal-hal akan terjadi seperti yang anda inginkan”.
If keep my fingers crossed translated into Bahasa Indonesia literally, it becomes
“tetap menyilangkan jariku”.
In KBBI, “berharap-harap” means “berharap; mengharapkan;
menginginkan” or in English it means “hope; expect; want” and “cemas” means
“gelisah” or “nervous”. The context of this data is when the main character’s
father tries to convince his wife to buy their son Greg bench press equipment for
Christmas, and the main character hopes nervously.
Even the ST and TT are similar in their meaning, they are different in the
form. The ST has idiomatic form, meanwhile the TT does not an idiomatic
expression. The translator chose to translate the idiom into “berahap-harap cemas”
40
by using translation by paraphrase to maintain the main idea from keep my fingers
crossed, although it did change the original form.
4. Translation by Omission
Translation strategy by omission is a method that used to translate idiom
which has no match idiom found in the target language. The translation that use
this strategy can be translate the idiom from the source with the exact same as the
source text, or it can also omit the idiom from the source text in the target
language. In this current research, there are three idiom from the source text which
translated with omission strategy in this bilingual Diary of a Wimpy Kid novel.
Those three data are explained in the analysis below.
Table 19. Translation by Omission Strategy

I JUST AKU BARU
DUSTED THE SAJA
DINING MENGELAP Omission
10/ST/Ch1 10/TT/Ch1
ROOM FOR DEBU DI
THE HECK RUANG
OF IT! MAKAN!
The idiom on the table above is for the heck of it. According to Cambridge
Dictionary, the phrase for the heck of it means “without any purpose except for
fun”. In the translated version, the idiom has omitted by the translator. It is
because the meaning from the ST phrase does not necessarily to be translated in
the TT, the other words in the sentence already enough for the TT to remain the
idea of the ST. The idiom for the heck of it actually will confuse the real meaning
itself on the sentence data. Therefore, as the explanation above, the idiom omitted
by the translator, and translation by omission applied.

41
In addition, the following table also applies translation by omission to
translate have a shot.
Table 20. Translation by Omission Strategy

I figured the base Jika kami ingin
was going to have memecahkan
to be at least eight rekor, kurasa
feet tall on its own
31/ST/Ch6 if we wanted to
31/TT/Ch6 bagian dasarnya Omission
have a shot at paling tidak
breaking the harus setinggi
record. delapan kaki.
The idiom on the table above is have a shot. On the table above, the idiom
data is omitted by the translator. According to Collins Dictionary, “have a shot at”
means “to attempt” and according to Free Dictionary by Farlex, “have a shot at”
means “to try something”. The idiom data have a shot does not have a close match
in the target language, and it actually does not necessarily need to be translated to
achieve the main idea of the sentence from the ST. Therefore translation by
omission is applied to this data.
The idiom translation strategy that mostly used in this bilingual book
Diary of a Wimpy Kid is translation by Paraphrase strategy. It is because the shift
of Paraphrase strategy can adapts the culture from different languages. Therefore,
the idea of the source text can delivered well and it becomes easier to understand
by the target language reader. Meanwhile, Using an idiom of similar meaning but
dissimilar form, and Using an idiom of similar meaning and form appear less with
7 and 2 times also have significance in this translation to make this translation
more interesting/ attractive. It is because these two strategy translate the source
text idiom into an idiom if there is an idiom with the same meaning in the target
42
language. Lastly, Omission is also the least used strategy in this translation with 2
times appearances. This strategy still could be used if there is no word that can
describe the source text in the target language which it can be caused by cultural
differences.
B. Types of Equivalence Found in the Translation of Idiom in Diary of a

Wimpy Kid
In this second objective of the study, the researcher intends to identify and
analyze the translation equivalence of the Indonesian translation in the novel
Diary of a Wimpy Kid. This analysis focusing on the idiom occurred in the book.
The occurring data are categorized and analyzed in this section using Nida’s
theory of equivalence in his book Toward a Science of Translating (1964).
According to Eugene Nida, there are 2 types of equivalence; formal equivalence
and dynamic equivalence.
Idiom Translation Equivalence

2%
4%
Formal
Dynamic
Non Equivalence
94%
Chart 2. Equivalence Chart

43
The chart above shows the equivalence in translating idiom in Diary of a
Wimpy Kid novel. Total data on this research are 50. Dynamic equivalence is the
most used strategy with 47 times (94%). The other two strategies, formal
equivalence occurs 1 time (2%) and non equivalence with 2 times occurrence
(4%).
Based on the result on the chart above, there are 3 strategies that were
used in translating the idiom, such as formal equivalence, dynamic equivalence,
and non equivalence. The strategy which mostly used in this Diary of a Wimpy
Kid book in dynamic equivalence. The use of dynamic equivalence becomes
dominant because the idiom are group of words that have their own meaning and
the words cannot be separated into individual word. The following discussion is
about three categories of equivalence in translating idiom.
1. Formal Equivalence
Formal equivalence in focussing on the form and content. This strategy
also known as Gloss Translation. It is because it focuses on reproducing the literal
meaning and similarities as closely as possible as the content of the original
source (1964, p. 159). The following table shows the examples of formal
equivalence in the book entitled Diary of a Wimpy Kid.
Table 21. Formal Equivalence Strategy

Data (ST) Data (TT) Equivalence
45/ST/Ch7/T I can’t believe 45/TT/Ch7/T Aku tidak

Rowley went menyangka
and Rowley akan
44
menikamku Formal
backstabbed
dari belakang
me like that.
seperti ini.
The translation of backstabbed into “menikamku dari belakang” is
considered as formal equivalence. According to Cambridge Dictionary,
backstabbed means “the act of saying harmful or unpleasant things about a person
when they are not present”. In KBBI, the word “menikam” is the verb form of
“tikam” which has a meaning “tusukan” or “stab”; based on the context of this
data, the meaning of the word “dari” is “kata yang menyatakan asal kedatangan”
or in English “a word that indicates the origin of arrival”; and “belakang” means
“back”. The translation of “backstabbed” into “menikamku dari belakang” uses
the literal meaning of the source text. Although the literal translation of the idiom
“menikamku dari belakang” is “stabbed me in the back”, it is just because
structural differences between two languages. However, the context of both the
source text and the target text still refer to the same idea which is saying a bad
thing about someone who are not present”.
Formal equivalence is a literal translation which uses word for word to
match the similarity between the word from the source and the target language. In
this research, formal equivalence only used once. There are very few idioms that
have exactly the same form and structure as in the target language. It is because in
translating idiom, there are some things to consider such as the differences of
idioms and culture in each language. Those one datum suitable as formal
equivalence because both of the source and the target are similar in terms of their
form and structure in both language.

45
2. Dynamic Equivalence
Dynamic equivalence is the opposite from formal equivalence. Dynamic
equivalence focussed more the target language readers. It completes the
naturalness of expression and also attempts to relate the receptor to modes of
behaviour relevant within the context of its own culture. It does not require it to
understand the cultural patterns of the source language context in order to
comprehend the message (1964). This dynamic strategy solves the cultural gap
problem in the translation process. It is due to the difficulty of replacing the
different culture in order to adjust in the target language. The table below shows
the examples of dynamic equivalence in the Jeff Kinney’s bilingual novel Diary
of a Wimpy Kid.
Table 22. Dynamic Equivalence Strategy

Harus kuakui
I’ll admit
kami memang
maybe we
agak membual
stretched the
dalam iklan
truth a little in
kami, tetapi
our
11/ST/Ch2 11/TT/Ch2 kami harus Dynamic
advertisement,
terdengar
but we had to
meyakinkan
make sure
agar orang-
people actually
orang mau
showed up.
datang.
The idiom stretched the truth is translated into a word “membual”.
According to Cambridge Dictionary, stretch the truth means “to say something
that is not completely honest in order to make someone or something seem better
than it really is”. The translator cannot translate the idiom literally, because it will
46
become “meregangkan kebenaran” which the actual meaning of the ST will
changed if the idiom translated with its literal meaning in the target language. This
happened because Bahasa Indonesia does not have an idiom that depicts the ST.
In order to transfer the meaning in the ST, the translator uses an utterance from
the Bahasa Indonesia to match the meaning in the ST, “membual”. In KBBI, the
word “membual” means bercakap yang bukan-bukan” or “talk nonsense”. The
word “membual” in the TT has only one word, because it already covers and
explains the meaning in the ST. Although the word count of the word “membual”
different from stretched the truth, it still has a similar meaning. Therefore, this
translation is considered using dynamic equivalence.
On the other hand, dynamic equivalence is also applied for translating
make a killing into “meraup keuntungan” in the table below.

Nah, aku tahu
Now, I know kami
our flyers said menyebutnya
admission fifty biaya masuk
cents, but I sebesar lima puluh
sen di dalam
12/ST/Ch2 could see that 12/TT/Ch2 selebaran kami,
we had a tetapi aku melihat
chance to ada kesempatan
untuk meraup Dynamic
make a killing
keuntungan di
here.
sini.
The idiom make a killing is translated into “meraup keuntungan”.
According to Cambridge Dictionary, make a killing means “to earn a lot of money
in a short time and with little effort”. The idiom is translated by taking from the
actual meaning of the idiom in English, that's because Bahasa Indonesia doesn't
47
have a similar phrase as the original idiom in ST. In KBBI, the word “meraup”
means “menciduk dengan merapatkan kedua belah tangan” or “scooping up with
both hands”, meanwhile “keuntungan” means “profit”. If the idiom translated
literally, it becomes “membuat sebuah pembunuhan” or “melakukan
pembunuhan”. This literal translation will mislead the meaning of the idiom in the
target language, thus the translator translate it into “meraup keuntungan” to
maintain the idea from the ST because the main idea of TT is “make a profit”.
Therefore, this translation considered using Nida’s dynamic equivalence as the
translation is different from its literal meaning.
On the other hand, dynamic equivalence is also applied in translating
upside down into “kacau-balau”, as shown in the table below.

This wrestling Tim gulat
unit has totally benar-benar
22/ST/Ch3 turned our 22/TT/Ch3 membuat Dynamic
school upside sekolahku
down. kacau-balau.
Upside down on the table above is translated into “kacau balau”.
According Free Dictionary by Farlex, upside down means “make a place very
untidy when you are searching for something”. Whereas, in KBBI “kacau balau”
means “sangat kacau”. The literal meaning of upside down is “terbalik”. Then the
TT “kacau balau” means “a mess” in English. In this data, the ST and TT are
different in terms of their form. As the translator focuses on the translation with a
phrase which has a similar meaning with the ST rather than translate the data into
48
its literal translation. Therefore, this translation is categorize using dynamic
equivalence.
The next table has a similarities as the previous table, this data also
translated using dynamic equivalence.

All the capitals
are written in Jadi, aku yakin
big red print, akan Dynamic
25/ST/Ch3 25/TT/Ch3
so I knew I had mendapatkan
this one in the nilai bagus.
bag.
The idiom in the bag is translated into “nilai bagus”. According to
Cambridge Dictionary, be in the bag means “if something is in the bag, you are
certain to get it or to achieve it” and based on Urban Dictionary, in the bag is
“when you are certain that you are going to succeed in doing something and very
layed-back about it”. In this data, the translator paraphrase the idiom. It is because
the target language does not have a similar phrase. The literal translation of in the
bag is “di dalam tas”. This translation will lead to a wrong message in the target
language. In the TT, the words “nilai bagus” means “good score”. The idiom in
the bag describes a confidence that someone will be good at something and get
good score at it. Therefore, based on the meaning of the ST makes the translator
49
translate it into “nilai bagus” or "good grades" although it has a different form.
This shift makes this translation considered as dynamic equivalence.
Dynamic equivalence is also applied in translating the idiom have a bone
to pick into “menaruh dendam” as in the following table.

Sayangnya
sekelompok
Unfortunately,
anak cowok
a bunch of
lain juga
other guys had
memiliki
the same idea
gagasan yang
as me, so I
sama Dynamic
28/ST/Ch3 guess there are 28/TT/Ch3
denganku.
a lot of guys
Jadi, kurasa
who have a
ada banyak
bone to pick
cowok yang
with Patty
menaruh
Farrell.
dendam pada
Patty Farrell.
The idiom have a bone to pick is translated into “menaruh dendam” on the
table above. If the “menaruh dendam” translated literally into English, it will
becomes “put a grudge”. According to Cambridge Dictionary, “have a bone to
pick with somebody” means “to want to talk to someone about something
annoying they have done”. Meanwhile, according to Free Dictionary by Farlex,
“have a bone to pick (with one)” means “to have an issue to discuss, argue about,
50
or bring up (with one)”. However, when referring to the context, this idiom have a
bone to pick means “have a grudge”. It can be seen when many of boys want to
throw apple into a girl named Patty Farrell in a musical theater event and the
author uses the term have a bone to pick to describe the situation.
In KBBI, the word “menaruh” implies the word “meletakkan” or it means
“put” in English. The word “put” has a similarity but they are not literal meaning.
If the word “have” translates literally into Bahasa Indonesia, it will become
“mempunyai”. As the data translation has a shift on the TT. The literal translation
will lead into misinformation in the target language. Thus, the translator
paraphrase this idiom into “menaruh dendam” which makes it has a different
lexical form from the ST. Therefore, this translation considered using dynamic
equivalence.
Idioms which translated using dynamic equivalence strategy can be
translated into idioms as well in the target language. Dynamic equivalence idioms
translation are also possible to be translated into ordinary words if the target
language does not have idioms with the same meaning as the idioms in ST.
3. Non Equivalence
Non equivalence might occurred because there is difference in culture and
the language structure. It also happened when target language has no direct
equivalent word that originated from source text. The table below shows the
example of non equivalence in a book entitled Diary of a Wimpy Kid.
Table 27. Non Equivalence Translation

51
I JUST AKU BARU

DUSTED THE SAJA Non-
DINING MENGELAP equivalence
10/ST/Ch1 10/TT/Ch1
ROOM FOR DEBU DI
THE HECK RUANG
OF IT! MAKAN!
According to Cambridge Dictionary, for the heck of it means “without any
purpose except for fun”. The phrase for the heck of it is omitted in the TT by the
translator. It happened because in the target language, it does not quite have a
word or phrase that depicts the phrase from the ST. Although the ST is omitted in
the TT, the sentence on the TT “aku baru saja mengelap debu di ruang makan!” or
“I just wiped the dust in the dining room” stills cover the whole sentence of the
ST. As the translator chose to omit the idiom, this data conclude as non-
equivalence.
The following table also shows non-equivalence in translating the idiom
have a shot in the source text.
Table 28. Non Equivalence Translation

I figured the
Jika kami ingin
base was going
memecahkan
to have to be at
rekor, kurasa
least eight feet Non-
bagian
31/ST/Ch6 tall on its own 31/TT/Ch6 equivalence
dasarnya
if we wanted to
paling tidak
have a shot at
harus setinggi
breaking the
delapan kaki.
record.
The idiom have a shot on the table above is omitted by the translator.
According to Collins Dictionary, have a shot means “to attempt”. Meanwhile,

52
according to Free Idiom Dictionary, have a shot means “to try something”. The
omission of this idiom happened because it will becomes ineffective if the ST
translated into the target language. The phrase "if we wanted to have a shot"
translates into "jika kami ingin" or “if we want to”, it has already covered the
meaning of the ST in the target language. Therefore, as the translator omits the
idiom, this data considered as non-equivalence.
Types of equivalence that occurs in this translation shows that very few of
formal equivalence used in idiom translation. It is because formal equivalence
needs to have the form and structure in the target language. Dynamic equivalence
becomes the most used equivalence in this translation is because most of idiom
translation need a shift in their structural form. There are also two idioms or
expression that have no equivalent in the target language and the expressions are
already covered by the other words in the sentence, so they need to be omitted to
avoid being misunderstood.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
The previous chapter of analysis shows the strategies in translating idiom
that occurred and the translation equivalence used in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid
book. There are 50 data that were analyzed by the researcher. Those 50 data show
the uses of 4 types of translation strategy and 2 types of translation equivalence in
the idioms. There are also idiom that do not have equivalence in the target
language, thus the translation considered as non-equivalence.
The first research question of this study is discussing about the translation
strategies. According to Baker, there are four type of strategies in idiom
translation. As seen in the translation analysis, the translator uses all 4 types of
Baker’s translation strategy. Translation by paraphrase was found as the most
applied strategy with 39 occurrence in translating idiom in the ST into the target
language. This shows that most of the idiom in the book were more suitable to be
translated by paraphrasing. Translation by paraphrase becomes the most used
strategy in translating idiom because the idioms in each language in different
country are not always the same and it can also influenced by the cultural
differences.
The other 3 strategies, translation using an idiom of similar meaning but
dissimilar form occurs 7 times, translation using an idiom of similar meaning and
form, and omission, were the strategies that least applied with each of them only
53
54
occurs twice in this bilingual book translation. Although there are just few data
that using the other strategy, these three strategies are still important in this
research. It is because translation using an idiom of similar meaning and form,
and translation using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form delivers a
more interesting content if idiom with the same meaning can be found in the
target language. Some data also might be omitted since the culture of the source
language and the target language are totally different and they do not have the
equivalent word or idiom in the target language.
The second research question is about the equivalence of a bilingual book
entitled Diary of a Wimpy Kid. Eugene Nida elaborates two type of translation
equivalence. Dynamic equivalence is the type of equivalence that occurred the
most with 47 occurrence. It can be the most used because most idioms are
informal, and it needs some changes in the target language to retain the message
from the source text, although there could be a slight difference. Further, formal
equivalence translation occurred once in the data. The formal equivalence occurs
the least with 1 occurrence, it is because formal equivalence requires the word in
the target language equivalent with the source text, considering idioms are mostly
informal. There are also 2 data that cannot categorized in Nida’s theory of
equivalence. It is because those two data does not translated by the translator in
the target language. Instead, the translator omits the idiom in the target language,
and the omission of the data is considered as non-equivalence. Non-equivalence
does not make a big impact in the target language and can be used under the
55
condition that the message from the source text is still delivered well even if it is
omitted in the target text.
In conclusion of strategy and equivalence in translation, the researcher
would like to emphasize the significance of translation strategy and the
equivalence in translating idiom. Translation strategy is used because it helps the
translator to convey messages from the source text more effectively. The
translator was able to deliver the message from the original book written in
English using idiom translation strategies. While, equivalence in translation is also
important because sometimes it is difficult to find a completely identical word and
notion in different languages. Different languages may have different grammar,
syntax, phonetic, vocabulary structure, and also their culture. The last thing is if
there is no word that can describe a word from the source language, then it is also
possible to use omission in translation. This is because if the word forced to be
translated, it might give a different meaning or even it can lead to a wrong
interpretation.
For further research, it is suggested to explore and examine more about
idiom translation because idiom translation can be analyzed with various aspects
and strategies. Idiom also developed time by time and each language have its own
new idiom. In other words, idiom translation is a worthy subject to analyze further
research for making bilingual novel.

56
REFERENCES
Baker, M. (1992). In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. London:

Routledge.
Foster, M. (1958). Translation from/in Farsi and English. Retrieved from
http://www.parsats.com/index.htm.
Kinney, J. (2007). Diary of a Wimpy Kid. United Kingdom: Puffin Books.
Kinney, J. (2010). Diary si Bocah Tengil : hari-hari sial. Jakarta: GagasMedia.
Koller, W. (1979). Einführung in die Übersetzungswissenschaft. Heidelberg-
Wiesbaden: Quelle and Meyer.
Larson, M. (1984). Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language
Equivalence. Lanham: University Press of America.
Newmark, P. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. Michigan: Prentice-Hall
International.
Newmark, P. (2001). Approaches to Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign
Language Education Press.
Nida, E. A. (1964). Toward a Science of Translating. Leiden, Netherland: E. J.
Brill.
Nida, E. A., & Taber, C. R. (1974). The Theory and Practice of Translation.
Leiden: United Bible Societies.
Nida, E. A., & Taber, C. R. (1982). The Theory and Practice of Translation. Brill
Archive.
57
APPENDIX
Table 29. All Data Research
Number of Source Text Number Target Text Type of Type of

Data (ST) of Data (TT) Strategy Equivalence
01/ST/Ch1 But I guess I 01/TT/ Namun, aku pasti Paraphras Dynamic
must have Ch1 membuat gaduh e
made a pretty karena…
big-racket
because…
02/ST/Ch1 …And to this 02/TT/ …Dan sampai Paraphras Dynamic
day, I’m sure Ch1 hari ini, aku yakin e
Dad thinks Dad berpikir
I’ve got a otakku agak
screw loose or nggak beres.
something.
03/ST/Ch1 I have told 03/TT/ Sudah jutaan kali Paraphras Dynamic
Rowley at Ch1 kubilang pada e
least a billion Rowley bahwa
times that kami sudah
now that duduk di sekolah
we’re in menengah
middle pertama. Jadi, dia
school, you’re seharusnya
supposed to mengatakan
say “hang “nongkrong”,
out”, not bukan “bermain”
“play”. bersama.
04/ST/Ch1 THERMOS 04/TT/ PLASTIK ADA Paraphras Dynamic
BE SOME Ch1 CARA UNTUK e
WAY TO MEMBUATMU
TICKLE TERTAWA!
YOUR
FUNNY
BONE!
05/ST/Ch1 I guess I kind 05/TT/ Kurasa aku agak Paraphras Dynamic
of felt sorry Ch1 kasihan pada e
for Rowley, Rowley, dan aku
and I decided memutuskan
to take him untuk
under my melindunginya.
wing.
58

06/ST/Ch1 But my trick 06/TT/ Tapi, senjata Using an Dynamic
kind of Ch1 makan tuan; idiom of
backfired, begitu Mom similar
because as melihatku,… meaning
soon as Mom and but
saw me,… dissimilar
form
07/ST/Ch1 Right in the 07/TT/ Di tengah-tengah Using an Dynamic
middle of our Ch1 permainan, Mrs. idiom of
game, Mrs Craig muncul dari similar
Craig came sebuah sudut dan meaning
around the menangkap basah and but
corner and kami. dissimilar
caught us red- form
handed.
08/ST/Ch1 She took the 08/TT/ Dia mengambil Paraphras Dynamic
music player Ch1 alat pemutar e
away from me music dariku dan
and started mulai mengomeli
chewing us kami.
out.
09/ST/Ch1 I'm still 09/TT/ alat permainanku Paraphras Dynamic
grounded Ch1 e
from playing
video games,
so Manny has
been using my
system
10/ST/Ch1 I JUST 10/TT/ AKU BARU Omission Non
DUSTED Ch1 SAJA equivalence
THE DINING MENGELAP
ROOM FOR DEBU DI
THE HECK RUANG
OF IT! MAKAN!
11/ST/Ch2 I’ll admit 11/TT/ Harus kuakui Paraphras Dynamic
maybe we Ch2 kami memang e
stretched the agak membual
truth a little in dalam iklan kami,
our tetapi kami harus
advertisement, terdengar
but we had to meyakinkan agar
make sure orang-orang mau
people datang.
actually
59

showed up.
12/ST/Ch2 Now, I know 12/TT/ Nah, aku tahu Using an Dynamic
our flyers said Ch2 kami idiom of
admission menyebutnya similar
fifty cents, but biaya masuk meaning
I could see sebesar lima and but
that we had a puluh sen di dissimilar
chance to dalam selebaran form
make a killing kami, tetapi aku
here. melihat ada
kesempatan untuk
meraup
keuntungan di
sini.
13/ST/Ch2 The first kid 13/TT/ Anak pertama Paraphras Dynamic
to cough up Ch2 yang e
his two bucks menyerahkan
was Shane uang dolar
Snella. bernama Shane
Snella.
14/ST/Ch2 Man, I should 14/TT/ Ya ampun, aku Using an Dynamic
have known Ch2 seharusnya sudah idiom of
there was a bisa menduga ada similar
catch when udang di balik meaning
Mom gave me batu saat Mom and but
that costume. memberikan dissimilar
kostum itu. form
15/ST/Ch2 Dad tried to 15/TT/ Dad berusaha Paraphras Dynamic
squirm out of Ch2 menghindar, e
it, but one tetapi kalau Mom
Mom makes sudah
up her mind, membulatkan
there’s no tekadnya, tidak
way you can ada yang bisa
change it. mengubah
pendiriannya.
16/ST/Ch2 Many and 16/TT/ Many dan Jeremy Paraphras Dynamic
Jeremy Ch2 tidak mau minta e
wouldn’t trick- permen ke
or-treat at any rumah-rumah
houses with yang memiliki
spooky
hiasan
decorations on
them, so that menyeramkan.
Jadi, itu berarti
60

ruled out pretty kami melewati
much every setiap rumah di
house on our blok kami.
block.
17/ST/Ch2 A little while 17/TT/ Tak lama Paraphras Dynamic
later, Rowley Ch2 kemudian, e
told me he Rowley bilang
needed a dia ingin “pipis”.
“potty break”.
18/ST/Ch2 The only 18/TT/ Satu-satunya Paraphras Dynamic
place I could Ch2 tempat yang e
think of that menurutku aman
was safe was adalah rumah
Gramma’s nenek. Jadi, kami
house, so we menuju ke sana
cut through a dengan
couple memotong jalan
backyards to dan melintasi
get there. halaman belakang
beberapa rumah.
19/ST/Ch2 Man, I forgot 19/TT/ Astaga, aku lupa Paraphras Dynamic
ALL about Ch2 tentang Dad, dan e
Dad, and we kami benar-benar
totally paid mendapat
the price for musibah.
it.
20/ST/Ch3 After a while, 20/TT/ Setelah beberapa Paraphras Dynamic
I was really Ch3 saat, aku benar- e
starting to get benar mulai
the hang of it. menguasainya.
21/ST/Ch3 That’s when I 21/TT/ Saat itu, aku Paraphras Dynamic
thanked my Ch3 bersyukur para e
lucky stars the cewek berlatih di
girls were on sisi lain ruang
the other side senam itu.
of the gym.
22/ST/Ch3 This wrestling 22/TT/ Tim gulat benar- Paraphras Dynamic
unit has Ch3 benar membuat e
totally turned sekolahku kacau-
our school balau.
upside down.
23/ST/Ch3 I think he was 23/TT/ Kurasa dia Paraphras Dynamic
just glad I had Ch3 bersyukur karena e
a change of aku sudah
61

heart from berubah
how I used to dibandingkan saat
be when I was aku masih kecil.
a kid.
24/ST/Ch3 Then dad said 24/TT/ Kemudian, Dad Paraphras Dynamic
if I wanted a Ch3 mengatakan jika e
bench press, I aku
should keep menginginkan
my fingers alat untuk melatih
crossed for otot, aku bisa
Christmas. berharap-harap
cemas di hari
Natal nanti.
25/ST/Ch3 All the 25/TT/ Jadi, aku yakin Paraphras Dynamic
capitals are Ch3 akan e
written in big mendapatkan
red print, so I nilai bagus.
knew I had
this one in the
bag.
26/ST/Ch3 They get to 26/TT/ Pepohonan Paraphras Dynamic
bean Dorothy Ch3 mendapat e
with apples. kesempatan untuk
melempari
Dorothy dengan
apel.
27/ST/Ch3 Getting to peg 27/TT/ Bisa melempari Paraphras Dynamic
Patty Farrell Ch3 Patty Farrell e
with apples in dengan apel di
front of a live depan penonton
audience merupakan
would be my mimpi yang
dream come menjadi
true. kenyataan bagiku.
28/ST/Ch3 Unfortunately, 28/TT/ Sayangnya Paraphras Dynamic
a bunch of Ch3 sekelompok anak e
other guys cowok lain juga
had the same memiliki gagasan
idea as me, so yang sama
I guess there denganku. Jadi,
are a lot of kurasa ada
guys who banyak cowok
have a bone to yang menaruh
pick with dendam pada
62

Patty Farrell. Patty Farrell.
29/ST/Ch4 In case you’re 29/TT/ Kalau kalian Paraphras Dynamic
wondering Ch4 ingin tahu apa e
what I’m yand sedang
doing in my kulakukan pada
room at 9:00 pukul 9:00 di
p.m. on New malam tahun
Year’s Eve, baru, biar aku
let me fill you ceritakan.
in.
30/ST/Ch5 We started 30/TT/ Kami segera Using an Dynamic
brainstorming Ch5 memeras otak. idiom of
right away. similar
meaning
and but
dissimilar
form
31/ST/Ch6 I figured the 31/TT/ Jika kami ingin Omission Non
base was Ch6 (?) memecahkan equivalence
going to have rekor, kurasa
to be at least bagian dasarnya
eight feet tall paling tidak harus
on its own if setinggi delapan
we wanted to kaki.
have a shot at
breaking the
record.
32/ST/Ch6 I guess that’s 32/TT/ Kurasa itulah Paraphras Dynamic
why they gave Ch6 alasanya e
him the mengapa mereka
axe(ax). memecatnya.
33/ST/Ch6 We banged 33/TT/ Kami Paraphras Dynamic
out a bunch of Ch6 menciptakan e
characters real sejumlah karakter
quick, but that dengan sangat
turned out to cepat, tetapi
be the easy bagian itu
part. memang mudah.
34/ST/Ch6 When tried to 34/TT/ Waktu kami Using an Dynamic
think up some Ch6 berusaha idiom of
jokes, we kind memikirkan similar
of hit a wall. beberapa lelucon, meaning
kami menemui and but
jalan buntu. dissimilar
63

form
35/ST/Ch6 That way we 35/TT/ Dengan Paraphras Dynamic
wouldn’t get Ch6 demikian, kami e
bogged down tidak usah repot-
with having to repot menulis
write actual lelucon yang
jokes, and we sesungguhnya,
could dan kami bisa
concentrate on berkonsentrasi
the pictures. pada gambarnya.
36/ST/Ch7 I can’t believe 36/TT/ Aku tidak Using an Formal
Rowley went Ch7 menyangka idiom of
and Rowley akan similar
backstabbed menikamku dari meaning
me like that. belakang seperti and form
ini.
37/ST/Ch7 While I was 37/TT/ Sementara aku Paraphras Dynamic
sitting there Ch7 duduk sambil e
getting diomeli Mr.
chewed out by Winsky, aku
Mr Winsky, I berpikir perlu
was thinking, memberikan
I need to kuliah pada
remember to temanku soal
give my kesetiaan.
friend a
lecture about
loyalty.
38/ST/Ch7 In fact, now 38/TT/ Sebenarnya, Paraphras Dynamic
that I think of Ch7 setelah kupikir- e
it, Rowley has pikir, Rowley
been benar-benar
TOTALLY mengacuhkanku
giving me the belakangan ini.
cold shoulder
lately.
39/ST/Ch7 And that’s 39/TT/ Dan itu benar- Paraphras Dynamic
really lame, Ch7 benar payah e
because if I karena kalau aku
recall tidak salah ingat,
correctly, DIALAH yang
HE’S the one telah membuat
that sold ME AKU kena
out. masalah.
64

40/ST/Ch7 Even though 40/TT/ Walaupun Using an Dynamic
Rowley has Ch7 belakangan ini idiom of
been a total Rowley similar
jerk lately, I bertingkah seperti meaning
tried to break bajingan, hari aku and form
the ice with tetap berusaha
him today, mencairkan es di
anyway. Antara kami.
41/ST/Ch8 After dinner 41/TT/ Malam ini, Paraphras Dynamic
tonight, I saw Ch8 setelah makan, e
Rowley and aku melihat
Collin Rowley dan
walking up Collin berjalan
the hill mendaki bukit
together, bersama sambil
chumming it bercanda dengan
up. akrab.
42/ST/Ch8 I decided that 42/TT/ Aku seharusnya Paraphras Dynamic
I should just Ch8 membatalkan e
pull the plug gagasan bodoh ini
on this stupid dan pulang.
idea and go
home.
43/ST/Ch8 When I was 43/TT/ Saat aku melihat Paraphras Dynamic
looking out Ch8 ke luar jendela, e
the window, Fregley membuka
Fregley broke tas punggungku
into my dan memakan
backpack and semua permen
ate the whole jelly bean yang
bag of jelly kusimpan di
beans I had in dalamnya.
there.
44/ST/Ch8 That’s the last 44/TT/ Itulah hal terakhir Paraphras Dynamic
thing I Ch8 yang kuingat e
remember sebelum aku
before I pingsan.
blacked out.
45/ST/Ch8 I’m glad I can 45/TT/ Aku bersyukur Paraphras Dynamic
just do Ch8 aku bisa e
whatever I melakukan apa
want without pun yang
having to worry kuinginkan tanpa
about carrying
harus repot-repot
65

all that dead menyeret-nyeret
weight around. beban.
46/ST/Ch8 You know, 46/TT/ Tahu tidak? Using an Dynamic
this Class Ch8 Halaman Favorit idiom of
Favourites di kelas similar
thing has membuatku meaning
really got my berpikir keras. and but
gears turning. dissimilar
form
47/ST/Ch8 So here’s 47/TT/ Jadi, beginilah Paraphras Dynamic
what I’m Ch8 jadi pikiranku: e
thinking: this Tahun ini agak
school year kacau, tapi jika
has been kind aku bisa sampai
of a bust, but terpilih sebagai
if I can get Favorit di Kelas,
voted as a aku akan
Class mendapatkan
Favourite, I’ll reputasi baik.
go out on a
high note.
48/ST/Ch8 So here’s 48/TT/ Jadi, beginilah Paraphras Dynamic
what I’m Ch8 jadi pikiranku: e
thinking: this Tahun ini agak
school year kacau, tapi jika
has been kind aku bisa sampai
of a bust, but terpilih sebagai
if I can get Favorit di Kelas,
voted as a aku akan
Class mendapatkan
Favourite, I’ll reputasi baik.
go out on a
high note.
49/ST/Ch9 I’m just lucky 49/TT/ Aku beruntung Paraphras Dynamic
there’s not a Ch9 tidak ada kategori e
category yang berjudul
called Biggest Anak
Mama’s Boy, Kesayangan
because after Mama karena
today, I’d win setelah hari ini,
that one in a aku pasti
landslide. memenangkannya
dengan mudah.
50/ST/Ch9 A bunch of 50/TT/ Segerombolan Paraphras Dynamic
66

teenagers had Ch9 remaja e
stopped their menghentikan
pickup truck, truk pickup
and they mereka, dan
started piling mereka mulai
out. berhamburan
turun.

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THE STRATEGIES AND EQUIVALENCE OF THE INDONESIAN

TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOMS IN JEFF KINNEY’S DIARY OF

Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

THE STRATEGIES AND EQUIVALENCE OF THE INDONESIAN

Almira Ghassani Sabrina Romala, S.S., M.A. 15 November 2022

(Co-advisor) 15 November 2022

THE STRATEGIES AND EQUIVALENCE OF THE INDONESIAN

Defended before the Board of Examiners

Yogyakarta, November 15, 2022

Dr. Tatang Iskarna

November 15, 2022

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan

THE STRATEGIES AND EQUIVALENCE

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya

me strength and patience to finish this research.

I want to send my gratitude to my thesis advisor, his undergraduate thesis could

research. I would also like to express my gratitude for my thesis co-advisor,(Co-

DHARMA, MEDIA. (2022). The Strategies and Equivalence of The Indonesian

Keywords: idiom, translation equivalence, translation strategies

Dharma, Media. (2022). The Strategies and Equivalence of The Indonesian

Kata kunci: idiom, translation equivalence, translation strategies

A. Background of the Study

Translation is not a thing that everyone can do easily, because a translator

in the translated version. It is a little bit challenging for translators to translate

To make a good translation, people cannot translate something just

Google Translate usually did. Because of that, understanding is important in order

to make equivalent translations.

equivalent with the idiomatic expression from source language. Second, an

frequencies of using idiomatic expression in source language might have different

meaning when it is translated into target language. (1992)

In order to translate the idiomatic expression correctly, the translators have

one is translation by omission.

In translating literary work, the translator also needs suitable idioms or

choosing of the suitable idioms or words is important because the translation

though those idioms are from different language.

Diary Si Bocah Tengil.

1. What strategies are applied in translating idioms the Indonesian translation of

English in Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid?

2. What types of equivalence are found in the Indonesian translation of English

idioms in Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid?

C. Objectives of the Study

is suitable for this research analysis.

Idiom is a group of words whose meaning cannot be predicted from the

meaning of their constituent words according to Newmark (1988). Therefore,

idiomatic expression can be seen as an expression which meaning has to be

understood as a whole. Idiomatic expression can consist of one or more words as

idiom itself. According to Baker (1992), idiomatic expression are a collection of

from their individual idiom translation strategies.

Equivalence is the condition of being equal. Newmark (1988) states that

(1982), equivalence is a process to achieve the equivalent effect that is closest to

grammar, cultural, references, and lexicon of the source text.

A. Review of Related Studies

Translation of English Idiom in the Subtitle of Friday Night Lights Movie”

dynamic equivalence is used the most in translating the idiomatic expressions. He

present research uses novel translation.

2. Siahaan’s article “Penerjemahan Novel Anak dari Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa

This article discusses the analysis of the form of equivalence, translation

book is the change of meaning caused by inequivalent words.

Diary of a Wimpy Kid book. However, in Siahaan’s research, she focuses on

on the techniques applied in translating idioms and the types of equivalence.