VECTORS

Addition Of Vectors
i 
ˆ ˆ ˆ Components of Vector
(1,
1,1
-
) r=i-j+k 


Magnitude Of Vectors 
Displacement Vector
R= A2+B2+2A Bcos
|r|= 12+12+12= 3  
 ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ R=Rcos θ ˆi+Rsin θjˆ
r=xi+yj+zk i-j+k      

nθ
ˆr=

ˆk (x1y1z1) R Rmax=A+B

Rsi

3
(x2y2z2)
|r|= x +y +z
2 2 2  ˆ
∆ r=(x2-x1)i+(y ˆ
-y1) j+(z ˆ
-z1)k )θ
ˆj
2 2

 Rcos θ tan = B sin θ

|∆r|= (x2-x1) +(y2-y1) +(z2-z1)
2 2 2 A+B cos θ
Vertically
upward (Zaxis) Vector product
ˆ
k 5m north
3m south Parallel Vectors   
p  ˆ ˆ ˆ
ˆ
j 
a=a1ˆi+a2ˆj+a3ˆk C=A B= AB sin θ
r=xi+yj+zk North 2m east cos 2
+ cos 2β
+ cos 2γ
=1

+

ˆ ˆ
 -ˆ
i ˆ ˆˆ
 b=b1ˆi+b2j+b k k ˆ
i ˆj ˆ
|r|or r= x2+y2+z2

r = 5j-3j+2i b 3

=2

West sin sin + sin
 ˆ ˆ ˆ   β 2 2β 2γ  
xi+yj+zk ˆ a a=mb + ˆ
A B= Ax Ay Az =i[A ˆ ˆ
unit vector=ˆr= r =
i East ˆ γ B -ByAz]-j[A B -AzBx]+k[A B -AyBx]
= 2j+2i

+
) y z x z x y

)
a1 a2 a3
o |r| x2+y2+z2 j -ˆ
= = =m
b1 b2 b 3 Bx By Bz
South
-ˆ
k Vertically downward (Zaxis)
Dot product
 
x=A.B= AB cos θ

PROJECTILE MOTION
IN A PLANE

Projectile motion Equation of Velocity

Same range for θ and (90-θ)
R=4 H1.H2 KE at maximum height =Kcos θ 2
y
Horizontal component = Ucos θ
Vertical component = Usin θ θ and (90-θ) T2 Momentum Vnet= Vx2+Vy2
eg; H2
y (u cos θ)2 +(u sin θ-gt)2
U2
sin 2
θ (Usinθ ) 2 Uy2 45+ θ,45- θ
=
H= = =
T1
u sin θ -gt
MOTION

2g 2g 2g θ
u
0
θ) u cos θ
300 & 600 0- H1
2UxUy (9

R= U sin2
2
θ = 2Usin θ Ucosθ = ) )θ
0

g g g Pf=m(ucosθ ˆi+(usin θ-gt) ˆj)

T1 H1
=tan θ =tan2θ u

T2 H2 x
shortcut
4H=Rtan θ =5T2 T+ T2= 2R H+ H2= R
2
Net displacement
1 g 1
16 θ
x x=Ucos θ t
4 Rmax R
0
0 60
45
T12+T22= H1+H2= max
ˆ
Pi=m(ucos θ )i+(usin θ ) jˆ
0
30
g
0
15

Ucos θ
2 y=Usin θ t- 1 gt2
ˆ 2
Δ p=-mgt j
Maximum range From the relation,
=-mg+ u sinθ ˆj r= x2+y2
g
4H=Rtan θ =5T2
For θ = 45o =-mu sinθ ĵ
r y
R =tan-1(y/x)
4H=R tan45 H = max = U
2
Rmax = U2
g
Rmax= U 4 4g
2
g 4H=Rmax x

RELATIVE MOTION
Relative Motion Stopping distance
Relative Motion in one dimension overtaking & chasing
Tree
VA VB 3)VA/Tree=VA-VTree=60-0=60
1) Velocity of A with
respect to B VAB=VA-VB
VA=60km/hr VB=40km/hr

d+L1+L2 3) d+L1+L2=(u1-u2)t+ 1 (a1-a2)t2 urel=u1-u2 arel=a1-a2 u1 u2

VB/Tree=VB-VTree=-40
V1

1) t= L1 d
2 d

2) VA/B=VA-VB
V1+V2 V2 V1 V2
0=u2-2as a1 a2
VA VB L2 d
u2
L1 L2

d+L1+L2 0= u2rel-2arels S= rel

V1

=VA-(-VB)=VA+VB 2) t= L1
d
2arel
V1-V2 V2

L2
 RELATIVE MOTION
Man-river problem d
2) Down stream tcross= = d Shortest time Shortest Path
  VMRcos θ V T

1) VMR or VM/Still water= velocity due to

Xdrift=(VMRcos θ +VR)+ t VMR
effort of man VMR Vm
Vm

[V]/ velocity in still water. VM/R VM=VM/R+VR VMRcos θ

θ
=VMRcos θ t + VRt Escalator

+
2) VR= velocity of River VR VMRsin θ VR

VR d d tt
θ =90
t 3= = = 1 2
MOTION IN A PLANE - 02
 d VMRsin θ = VR VMRcos θ =Vm
t=
3) Vm= Resultant velocity of man VMRsin θ sin θ =1 VE+VM/E d + d t1+t2
Due to effort Additional Condition for no drifting
t1 t2
with respect to ground tmin= d
Swimming across the river of man VMR = sin θ =
VR
VMR
Xdrift=VR+ t
1) Upstream VR t1=Time taken by a man to move distance d
1) V =VMRsin θ T = tcross= d
VM on a stationary escalator
Vm = (VMR)2+(VR)2
VMRsin θ VMR Vm 2) Vllel =VMRcos θ +VR = Vm = VMR2-VR2 t2=Time taken by a man to move distance d
VM/R VM=VM/R-VR along a moving escalator
θ = Drift=0 t3=Time taken by a man to move distance d
VMRcosθ VR while walking along a moving escalator

VR VE=Velocity of escalator

VM/E=Velocity of man w.r.t escalator

MAN RAIN PROBLEM

Method
Shortest path
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4
Man-rain problem Terms Vm A
VR sinθ
VRsin θ -Vm Vm-VRsin θ v
Vm
VA VB VA VB VR = Velocity of rain w.r.t θ Vm VRsin θ
stationary man u
VR VR/m
Vm = Velocity of man VR
VRcosθ VR/m VR/m
A B VR cosθ VRcosθ VR
VB/A=VB-VA , VR/m= Velocity of Rain w.r.t man
VB w.r.t A VRcos θ x
Inorder to find the
VR/m= V 2+V 2
VRsin θ >Vm Vm>VRsin θ
relative velocity of B VA/B= VB-VA , VA w.r.t B Vm=VRsin θ R m
d
B
with respect to A VRsin θ -Vm VR/m=
Vm tan = (VRcos θ)2+ (Vm-VRsin θ)2
V shortest path,x=
d V

x
we have to reverse 20 m/s 20 m/s VRcos θ VR/m=VRsin θ tan = m
the direction of VR V2+U2
VRsin θ -Vm
)
vector A and add it =tan-1
)
with vector B 10 m/s VRcos θ Time taken to reach d U

x
10 m/s VR/m= (VRsin θ -Vm)2 +(VRcos θ)2 shortest path =
V2+U2

CIRCULAR MOTION
= + t
1o= 180
o
Tangential acceleration - = Constant Banking of Road
= o t +1/2 t2 0 0 0 Vmax = rg(tan + )
- ac = vr ,r
2 2 T1 m1 T2 m2 T3 m3
va lll
vll 1 - tan
2
= 2
+2 ( )
Angular velocity o
t
In direction of tangent
ac at
ac at= dv = r =d - at = 0
dt
Centripetal acceleration ac
dt l1 l2 l3
2 ac Tangential Force Vopt =
= =
Directed towards centre
at
Non-uniform Circular Motion rg tan
t T Ft= mat
v llll vl - Speed not Constant
V = x r Not a constant vector T1=m1l1 2
+m2(l1+l2) 2
+m3(l1+l2+l3) 2
- Velocity changes in direction
2 2 Resultant acceleration and magnitude Vmin = rg(tan - )
sec
= =
T v v - ac = Centripetal acceleration
60 1 + tan
ar= T2=m2(l1+l2) +m3(l1+l2+l3)
2 2

ac ac2 + at2
2 2 12 - at = tangential acceleration
= =
min
= 1 ac
min
60 x 60 hour
12 x 60 x 60 dv T3=m3(l1+l2+l3)
gR At Bottom
=d
2
hour
ac =
ac dt dt
a) Tmax =
mv2 + mg
r
Angular acceleration - = Changes angular
v v Velocity is tangent acceleration Flat circular track b) min velocity at bottom
d at = r to the circle
= -change the direction of velocity of the circle = 5gR
dt at = x r 3gR
ac= v2 = ac= r 2 Horizontal circular motion At Top
R
Equation of angular motion →
ac →
v
→→
Power= F V = 0 Circular Motion
Vmax = s
Rg a) Tmin =
mv2
r
- mg
T
1) Constant angular velocity :- = constant → → →→ m
Work= F S = 0 l
b) min velocity at top to
Fc s Uniform Circular Motion
2) Constant angular acceleration K=0 - Speed Constant mv2
complete the circle =
gR
T = = mr 2
= ml 2
r 5gR
- Direction of velocity changes