1.

_______________________ is a variable that cannot be directly observed

a. Observed Variables

b. Latent Variables

c. Moderating Variable

d. Mediating Variable

2. _________________ are secondary source of data collection.

a. State Bank of Pakistan

b. Books

c. Research Journals

d. All of them

3. _______provides Research study and generates the questions which the research aims to
answer

a. Research Problem

b. Research Topic

e. Theory

f. None of them

4. _______________________ is a strategy for doing research which involves an empirical

investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple
sources of evidence.

a. Cross-Sectional Design

b. Case Study Designs

c. Experimental Design

d. Longitudinal Design

5. _____________________ is study of a rare disorder.

a. A Critical Case

b. An Extreme Case

c. A Revelatory Case

d. The Longitudinal Case

6. The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of knowledge itself, its possibility, scope,
and general basis

a. Epistemology

b. Ontology

c. Axiology

d. None of them

7.To establish a causal relationship between variables ________________________

a. Explanatory

b. Exploratory

c. Descriptive

d. All of above

8.In a ____________________________________ construct, the indicators are caused by the

latent variable.

a. Concept

b. Reflective

c. Formative

d. Cofounder

9. Quantitative research conducted for?

a. To Explain the relationship

b. Theory Testing

c. Deduction

d. All of Above

10.The Purpose of Research is to;

a. Explore

b. Explain

c. Describe

d. All of the above

11 _____________________ refers to available literature, case studies /documentary for

conducing further research and proving or testing hypothesis.

a. Primary Data

b. Secondary Data

c. Nominal Data

d. Time Series Data

12. research as deductive

is described as involving the collection of numerical data, as exhibiting a view of the relationship
between theory and
• a. Quantitative Research O b. Qualitative Research O c. Mixed Method Research
• d. None of them

13. Deduction refers to;

a. Testing Hypothesis

b. New Theory Development

c. Explore the unknown

d. None of them
14. The Generalization refers to which form of study;

a. Deductive

b. Inductive

c. Mixed-Method

d. All of Above

15._______________________ reduces a large number of overlapping variables to a smaller

set of factors that reflect construct(s) or different dimensions of construct(s).

a. Exploratory Factor Analysis

b. Confirmatory Factor Analysis

c. Regression Analysis

d. None of them

16.______________________ study is a case study containing more than one sub-unit of

analysis.

a. Holistic Case

b. Unique Case

c. An Embed Case

d. A Unique Case

17._____________________ is a variable that cannot be directly observed

a. Observed Variables

b. Latent Variables

c. Moderating Variable

d. Mediating Variable

18. The identification of the research philosophy is positioned at the outer layer of the
_______________________
a. Research Problem

b. Theory

c. Research onion

d. None of them

19.Exploratory Factor Analysis is applied for____________________

a. Specifying the unit of analysis

b. Achieving data summarization versus data reduction

c. Variable Selection

d. All of them

20. ______________________ provides a framework for the collection and analysis of data

a. Research Method

b. Research Methodology

c. Research Design

d. Research Hypothesis

21.The core ingredients of a dissertation are

a. Introduction; Data collection; Data analysis; Conclusions and recommendations

b. Executive summary; Literature review; Data gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography

c. Research plan; Research data; Analysis; References

d. Introduction; Literature review; Research methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusion

22.What is the epistemological position held by a positivist?

a. There is no substitute for an in-depth, hermeneutic understanding of society

b. Scientific research should be based on value-free, empirical observations

c. Events and discourses in the social world prevent us from having direct knowledge of the
natural order

d. It is important to remain optimistic about our research, even when things go wrong

23.According to Saunders the Plan and collect your data based on;

a. Time Series

b. Literature Review

c. Questionnaire and Observations

d. None of them

24._____________________ is a statistical method of data reduction. It is used to study the

dimensionality of a set of variables

a. Factor Analysis

b. Regression Analysis

c. Correlation Analysis

d. None of them

25._________ Research can be described as a systematic and to investigate a specific problem

a. Time Series

b. Business Research

c. Case Study

d. All of above

26.According to Saunders Research Process stages includes;

a. Formulate and clarify your research design

b. Data Collection

c. Data Analysis
d. All of above

27._________________________ is a statistical method of data reduction. It is used to study

the dimensionality of a set of variables

a. Factor Analysis

b. Regression Analysis

c. Correlation Analysis

d. None of them

28.____________ considers only the common or shared variance, assuming that both the
unique and error variance are not of interest in defining the structure of the variables

a. Confirmatory Factor Analysis

b. Common Factor Analysis

c. Exploratory Factor Analysis

d. None of them

29.______________________ is a study of change over time.

a. A Critical Case

b. An Extreme Case

c. A Revelatory Case

d. The Longitudinal Case

30.______________________ is an abstract concept that is specifically chosen (or “created”) to

explain a given phenomenon.

a. Construct

b. Moderator

c. Mediator
d. Cofounder

31._______________________ is one where the case is the unit of analysis

a. Holistic Case

b. Unique Case

c. An Embed Case

d. A Unique Case

32.____________________ is data that contains observations about different cross sections

across time

a. Cross Sectional

b. Time Series

c. Panel Data

d. Cohort Data

33.__________________________ sometimes referred to as longitudinal data.

a. Cross Sectional

b. Panel Data

c. Time Series Data

d. Nominal Data

34.A _______________ of primary interest to the researcher. The researcher’s goal is to

understand and describe explain its variability or predict it.

a. Independent Variable

b. Dependent Variable

c. Moderating Variable

d. None of above
35.Hypothetico‐deductive method includes all except;

a. Identify a Problem

b. Data Collection

c. Data Analysis

d. Developing new theory

36.____________________ refers to the process of figuring out how to measure the concepts
that interest us

a. Construct

b. Moderator

c. Operationalization

d. Moderato

37. _________________________ considers the total variance and derives factors that contain
small proportions of unique variance and, in some instances, error variance

a. Time Series Analysis

b. Principle Component Analysis

c. Regression Analysis

d. None of them

38.Which come first? Theory or Research

a. Research, because that's the only way you can develop a theory

b. Theory, because that provides a path for research

c. It depends on your point of view

d. The question is meaningless because you can't have one without the other

39.______________________ To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights

into it
a. Exploratory

b. Explanatory

c. Descriptive

d. None of above

39.______________________ To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights

into it

a. Exploratory

b. Explanatory

c. Descriptive

d. None of above

40.A ___________________represents your beliefs on how certain phenomena or variables are related
to each other
a. Conceptual Framework

b. Survey

c. Deduction

d. None of them

41.Case study design is

the exact opposite
to___________________
__________

a. Cross Sectional Design

b. Case Study Designs

c. Experimental Design

d. Longitudinal Design

42.___________ is
described as involving the
collection of numerical
data, as exhibiting a view
of the relationship
between theory and
research as deductive
a. Quantitative
Research

b. Qualitative
Research

c. Mixed Method
Research

d. None of them

43.An inductive
theory is one
that:

a. Involves
testing an
explicitly defined
hypothesis

b. Does not allow

for findings to
feedback into the
stock of
knowledge

c. Uses
quantitative
methods
whenever
possible

d. Allows theory
to emerge out of
the data