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    COMPUTER_7-10

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    2 views4 pages

    Computer 7-10

    Uploaded by

    Lalaina Dela Cruz

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 4

    TOP ACHIEVERS PRIVATE SCHOOL, INC.

    Alicia; Cauayan; Santiago; Sta. Ana; Roxas; Solano; Ilagan


    “School of the Future”

    TAPS ANNUAL QUIZ BEE REVIEWER


    COMPUTER 7-10
    NETWORKING
    Network - created by connecting two or more computers using cables or wireless devices.
    ◍ Ethernet cable
    -most common medium used to connect computers
    -Connected to network adapter
    -Known as LAN (Local Area Network) cable
    -Located at the back panel of the CPU
    ◍ ETHERNET - Networking standard commonly used today
    ◍ Hub – device needed to connect 3 or more computer
    -makes sure that the signal in the ethernet cable is maintained over long distances.
    - also known as the repeater
    ◍ Switch - device needed to connect 3 or more computer
    - More popular nowadays due to ability to direct traffic over the network
    ◍ PROTOCOL - Set of rules or standard being followed for computers to communicate.
    - Set of rules on how to format/read data.

    INTERNET

    Internet
    ● Publicly accessed network of interconnected computer networks worldwide.
    ● Consists of smaller variety of networks(academic, business, government, etc.) which offer
    different services such as:
    ◌ Mail, Chat, File Transfer, Etc.
    Router
    ● Specialized computer needed to connect to a network to the Internet.
    ● Connects the network to another
    ● Directs traffic of messages or data packets to make sure that data is transmitted and received correctly
    by the recipient computer

    IP(Internet Protocol) Address:


    ● Unique identifying number given to a computer or device while it is connected to a network.
    2 Types of IP Address:
    1. Static – assigned manually
    2. Dynamic – generated automatically

    DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM

    Domain Name System


    ● automates the process of mapping the IP addresses to their respective names (as maintained by NIC)
    Domain Name Server(DNS)
    ● Database containing map information of a particular name and its corresponding IP address.
    Nameserver
    ● Computer server that resides in a network implementing the DNS.
    Examples:
    ◌ 1. http://www.facebook.com : 31.13.82.36
    ◌ 2. http://www.google.com.ph : 216.58.228.238
    1
    GRAPHICS
    ◍ Pixel(picture element): single point that makes up a graphic
    ◍ Resolution: number of pixels that your monitor can display
    ■ Setting the monitor to a higher resolution enables to display more at once
    ◍ Anti-Aliasing - makes the image smoother by improving the blocky patterns seen around a drawing
    or image

    Online Image File Formats

    BASIC WEB PROGRAMMING


    Programming Language
    ◍ Computer programming requires that commands or statements are written using different language
    other than English language.
    Example:
    English Language: If the numeric value stored in the variable named N is less than or equal to zero,
    then display a message that says “You have to enter a number greater than zero.”
    Programming Language: if (N<=0){print(“You have to enter a number greater than zero”)}

    Marked-up Language
    ◍ Almost similar with programming languages
    ◍ Use tags to tell how data is displayed in a page
    ◍ Used to give extra information about the data
    ◍ Without this, data is displayed as plain text

    Different Marked-up Languages:


    ◍ HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - Most common markup language used to instruct the
    browser how to display the page being predefined markup tags.
    HTML Tags
    -HTML Documents are Text Files containing HTML elements created using HTML tags
    -<!DOCTYPE html> - placed at the very beginning of the document is a document type declaration
    that tells the browser that the document is using HTML 5.

    2
    ◍ XML (Extensible Markup Language)
    - A markup language used to describe data.
    -Focuses on the data rather than the presentation.
    ◍ XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language)
    -A markup language aimed to replace HTML.
    -Stricter and cleaner version of HTML
    -Use of closing tags is required

    ● Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)


    – Added to HTML to solve rendering consistency problems – With CSS We can specify how to exactly
    display HTML elements.
    – CSS can be applied to XML documents as well.
    -Used to design web pages

    DEVELOPMENT OF WEB THROUGH THE YEARS


    World Wide Web (WWW)
    -Discovered by Tim Berners-Lee
    -System of interlinked hypertext documents (or hypermedia) contained in the Internet.
    -A document in the Web is called a web page
    -Group of related web pages OR a single location in the Internet where web pages can be
    accessed from is a web site.
    ▹ Web 1.0 – 1989
    -Contains static or “as is” web pages that cannot be manipulated by the user
    ▹ Web 2.0 – 1999
    -Evolution of Web 1.0 by adding Dynamic web pages wherein users can interact with the page
    -Users can see differently than others
    ▹ Web 3.0
    -Also known as “Semantic Web”
    -Its aim is to have machines(or servers) understand the user's preferences to be able to deliver
    web content specifically targeting the user.

    CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
    Client-Server
    ● describes the relationship of cooperating programs in an application
    ● The model assigns one of two roles to the computers in a network: Client or server.
    SERVER -The server component provides a function or service to one or many clients, which initiate
    requests for such services. A server is a computer system that selectively shares its resources; a client is a
    computer or computer program that initiates contact with a server in order to make use of a resource

    REQUESTS

    CLIENT SERVER

    RESPONDS

    DATABASE
    • Database consists of logically related data stored in a single repository
    • Provides advantages over file system management approach
    3
    Queries
    ▪ commands used to retrieve and update records stored in the database
    Database Management System(DBSM)
    ▪ Application used to manage the database

    REQUESTS

    CLIENT SERVER

    RESPONDS
    QUERIES SENDS MATCHING
    RECORDS

    DATAB
    ASE

    FLOWCHARTS AND PSEUDCODES


    • Flowcharts and pseudocode are two commonly used tools to help document the logic of the code.
    • Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop logic of the codes.
    Pseudocode is very similar to everyday English.
    • A flowchart is a graphical representation of the code’s logic.

    FLOWCHART SYMBOLS

    Example: Write a pseudocode to determine a student’s final grade. The final grade is calculated as the
    average of three marks.

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