STATISTICS

I
FORM 2

COURTESY OF
PETER OGALLO
 SECTION I
1. If the mean of the data is x,8,5,3x + 2,6,5x − 2, and 5 is 6 . Determine the mode. (3 marks)
Solution
x + 8 + 5 + ( 3x + 2 ) + 6 + (5x − 2 ) + 5
6=
7
42 = 9x + 24
18 = 9x
2= x
⇒ Numbers are;2,8,5,8,6,8,5
Mode = 8
2. The lengths in centimeters, of 10 leaves from a certain tree were recorded as follows:
7, 9, 8, 10, 6, 8, 4, 2, 5, 3.
Determine;
(a) The mode. (1 mark)
Solution
Mode = 8

(b) The median. (2 marks)

Solution
2 , 3, 4 , 5,6,7, 8, 8, 9 ,10
6+7
Median =
2
= 6 ⋅5
3. The diagram below shows a histogram representing marks obtained in a certain test.Develop a
frequency distribution table. (2 marks)

Solution
Marks Frequency ( f )
5− 9 20
10 − 19 50
20 − 39 40
40 − 49 40
f
Note; f .d = ⇒ f = f .d × i
i

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 4.

Using the histogram shown above, complete the frequency table below. (3 marks)

Class boundary Frequency ( f )

0 ⋅5 − 2 ⋅5 2
2 ⋅5 − 4 ⋅5 6
4 ⋅5 − 6 ⋅5
6 ⋅5 − 9 ⋅5
9 ⋅5 − 13⋅5
13⋅5 − 14 ⋅5
Solution

Class boundary Frequency ( f )

0 ⋅5 − 2 ⋅5 4
2 ⋅5 − 4 ⋅5 6
4 ⋅5 − 6 ⋅5 8
6 ⋅5 − 9 ⋅5 3
9 ⋅5 − 13⋅5 2
13⋅5 − 14 ⋅5 1
f
Note; f .d = ⇒ f = f .d × i
i

© Guru’s File,2020 3
 5. The table below shows marks obtained by a form four class in a certain school.
Marks ( x ) 8 ≤ x < 9 9 ≤ x < 11 11 ≤ x < 13 13 ≤ x < 16 16 ≤ x < 20 20 ≤ x < 21
No. of students ( f ) 2 6 8 3 2 1

Use the table to represent the information on a histogram on the grid provided. (4 marks)
Solution
Marks ( x ) 8 ≤ x < 9 9 ≤ x < 11 11 ≤ x < 13 13 ≤ x < 16 16 ≤ x < 20 20 ≤ x < 21
Frequency ( f ) 2 6 8 3 2 1
Class interval ( i ) 1 2 2 3 4 1
Frequency
2 3 4 1 0 ⋅5 1
density ( f .d )

Frequency ( f )
f .d =
Class interval ( i )

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 SECTION II
1. The length of 36 pea pods were measured to the nearest millimeter and recorded as
follows:
71 92 88 52 73 84 73 73 82
66 85 78 63 90 76 89 53 77
68 59 55 80 70 91 86 75 60
93 76 84 83 62 86 70 65 72
(a) Make a grouped frequency distribution table using class: 50 − 54,55 − 59,60 − 64 e.t.c
(2 marks)
Solution
Class Frequency,f Tally Midpoint,x fx Cumulative frequency,c. f
50 − 54 2 // 52 104 2
55 − 59 2 // 57 114 4
60 − 64 3 /// 62 186 7
65 − 69 3 /// 67 201 10
70 − 74 6 //// / 72 432 16
75 − 74 6 //// / 77 462 22
80 − 84 5 //// 82 410 27
85 − 89 5 //// 87 435 32
90 − 94 4 //// 92 368 36
∑ f = 36 ∑ fx = 2712
(b) (i) Calculate the mean length. (4 marks)
Solution
⎛ ⎞ ∑ fx
Mean ⎜ x− ⎟ =
⎝ ⎠ ∑f
2712
=
36
= 75⋅33 mm

(ii) State the modal class. (1 mark)

Solution
70 − 74 and 75 − 79

(c) Estimate the median length. (3 marks)

Solution
⎛N ⎞ ⎛ 18 − 16 ⎞
⎜ − c. f ⎟ Median = 74 ⋅5+ ⎜
⎝ 6 ⎟⎠
5
Median length = L b + ⎜ 2 ⎟i
f
⎜ ⎟ = 74 ⋅5 + 1⋅67
⎝ ⎠
= 76 ⋅17
N 36
= = 18th position,Median class 75 − 79
2 2

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 2. The masses of 40 students were measured to the nearest kilogram and recorded as shown.
Mass ( kg ) 41− 45 46 − 50 51− 55 56 − 60 61− 65
Frequency ( f ) 5 10 14 8 3
(a) Modify this table to calculate the mean mass. (6 marks)
Solution
Mass ( x ) Midpoint ( x ) Frequency,f fx

41− 45 43 5 215
46 − 50 48 10 480
51− 55 53 14 742
56 − 60 58 8 464
61− 65 63 3 189
∑ f = 40 ∑ fx = 2090

Mean mass =
∑ fx
∑f
2090
=
40
= 52 ⋅ 25 kg

(b) Draw a frequency polygon for the distribution. (4 marks)

Solution

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 3. The table below shows the height of mango trees.
Height 20 − 24 25 − 29 30 − 34 35 − 39 40 − 44 45 − 49 50 − 54 55 − 59
Frequency ( f ) 2 15 18 25 30 6 3 2
(a) State the modal class. (1 mark)
Solution
40 − 44
(b) Calculate to 2 decimal places, 2 d.p
(i) The mean height. (4 marks)
Solution
Height Mid point ( x ) Frequency ( f ) fx Cumulative
frequency ( c. f )
20 − 24 22 2 44 2
25 − 29 27 15 405 17
30 − 34 32 18 576 35
35 − 39 37 25 925 60
40 − 44 42 30 1260 90
45 − 49 47 6 282 96
50 − 54 52 3 156 99
55 − 59 57 2 114 101

∑ f = 101 ∑ f = 3762
⎛ ⎞ ∑ fx
−
Mean ⎜ x ⎟ =
⎝ ⎠ ∑f
3762
=
101
= 37 ⋅ 25

(ii) The difference between the median height and the mean height. (5 marks)
Solution
30 − 34 is Median class
⎛N ⎞
⎜ − c. f ⎟
Median = L b + ⎜ 2 ⎟i ⎛ 50 ⋅5 − 35 ⎞
f Median = 34 ⋅5 + ⎜ ⎟⎠ × 5
⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 25
⎝ ⎠
= 37 ⋅ 6
N 101
= = 50 ⋅5th position
2 2
Difference between median and mean height = 37 ⋅6 − 37 ⋅ 25
= 0 ⋅35

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 4. The table below shows marks obtained by 100 candidates at Mwihila Secondary in a
Mathematics examination.
Marks 15 − 24 25 − 34 35 − 44 45 − 54 55 − 64 65 − 74 75 − 84
Frequency ( f ) 6 14 24 14 x 10 10

(i) Determine the value of x (2 marks)

Solution
x = 100 − ( 6 + 14 + 24 + 14 + 10 + 10 )
= 22
(ii) State the modal class. (1 mark)
Solution
35 − 44
(iii) Calculate the mean. (3 marks)
Solution
Marks Mid point ( x ) Frequency ( f ) fx Cumulative
frequency ( c. f )
15 − 24 19 ⋅5 6 117 6
25 − 34 29 ⋅5 14 413 20
35 − 44 39 ⋅5 24 948 44
45 − 54 49 ⋅5 14 693 58
55 − 64 59 ⋅5 22 1309 80
65 − 74 69 ⋅5 10 695 90
75 − 84 79 ⋅5 10 795 100
∑ f = 100 ∑ fx = 4970
⎛ ⎞ ∑ fx
−
Mean ⎜ x ⎟ =
⎝ ⎠ ∑f
4970
=
100
= 49 ⋅70

(iv) Determine the median mark. (4 marks)

Solution
45 − 54 is Median class
⎛N ⎞
⎜ 2 − c. f ⎟
Median = L b + ⎜ ⎟i ⎛ 50 − 44 ⎞
f Median = 44 ⋅5 + ⎜ × 10
⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 14 ⎟⎠
⎝ ⎠
= 48⋅79
N 100
= = 50th position
2 2

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 5. The table below shows the marks obtained by 40 candidates in an examination.
Marks 15 − 24 25 − 34 35 − 44 45 − 54 55 − 64 65 − 74 75 − 84 85 − 94
Frequency ( f ) 6 14 24 14 x 10 6 4
(a) Find the value of x (2 marks)
Solution
x = 100 − ( 6 + 14 + 24 + 14 + 10 + 6 + 4 )
= 100 − 78
= 22
(b) State the modal class. (2 marks)
Solution
35 − 44
(c) Calculate the mean mark. (3 marks)
Solution
Marks Mid point ( x ) Frequency ( f ) fx Cumulative
frequency ( c. f )
15 − 24 19 ⋅5 6 117 6
25 − 34 29 ⋅5 14 413 20
35 − 44 39 ⋅5 24 948 44
45 − 54 49 ⋅5 14 693 58
55 − 64 59 ⋅5 22 1309 80
65 − 74 69 ⋅5 10 695 90
75 − 84 79 ⋅5 6 477 96
85 − 94 89 ⋅5 4 358 100
∑ f = 100 ∑ fx = 5010
⎛ ⎞ ∑ fx
−
Mean ⎜ x ⎟ =
⎝ ⎠ ∑f
5010
=
100
= 51⋅1
(c) Calculate the mean mark. (3 marks)
Solution
45 − 54 is Median class
⎛N ⎞
⎜ − c. f ⎟
Median = L b + ⎜ 2 ⎟i ⎛ 50 − 44 ⎞
f Median = 44 ⋅5 + ⎜ × 10
⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 14 ⎟⎠
⎝ ⎠
= 48⋅79
N 100
= = 50th position
2 2

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 6. The table below shows the marks obtained by 40 candidates in an examination.
Marks 5 − 14 15 − 29 30 − 34 35 − 44 45 − 49
Frequency ( f ) 2 2 7 15 x

(a) Find the value of x (2 marks)

Solution
x = 40 − ( 2 + 2 + 7 + 15)
= 40 − 26
= 14
(b) On a grid, draw a histogram to represent the data. (5 marks)
Solution
Marks Mid-points Frequency,f Frequency density
5 − 14 9.5 2 0⋅2
15 − 29 22 2 0 ⋅1
30 − 34 32 7 1⋅ 4
35 − 44 39.5 15 1⋅5
45 − 49 47 14 2 ⋅8
∑ f = 40
f
Frequency density = , f being the frequency and i the class interval/width
i

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 (c) By drawing a straight line on the graph above determine the median mark. (3 marks)
Solution
Total area of bars = (10 × 0 ⋅ 2 ) + (15 × 0 ⋅1) + (5 × 1⋅ 4 ) + (10 × 1⋅5) + (5 × 2 ⋅8)
= 2 + 2 + 7 + 15 + 14
Area 40
Median = = = 20
2 2
2 + 2 + 7 + 1⋅5x = 20
11+ 1⋅5x = 20
1⋅5x = 9
x=6
Median = 34 ⋅5+6
= 40 ⋅5

7. The following are the lengths, in centimeters, of 40 fish caught by a fisherman in one night.
172 180 163 166 170 127 130 128 135 171
118 141 137 141 126 120 141 136 144 143
141 148 138 150 140 145 154 160 155 146
153 152 153 162 161 152 149 153 152 151
(a) Draw a grouped frequency distribution table using classes such as 118 − 126,127 − 135
(2 marks)
Solution

Length Tally Frequeny,f Midpoint,x fx Cumulative frequency,c. f

118 − 126 /// 3 122 366 3
127 − 135 //// 4 131 524 7
136 − 144 //// //// 10 140 1400 17
145 − 153 //// //// // 12 149 1788 29
154 − 162 //// 5 158 790 34
163− 171 //// 4 167 668 38
172 − 180 // 2 176 352 40
∑ f = 40 ∑ fx = 5888
(b) Estimate;
(i) the mean length of the fish caught. (4 marks)
Solution
⎛ ⎞
Mean ⎜ x− ⎟ length =
∑ fx
⎝ ⎠ ∑f
5888
=
40
= 147 ⋅ 2 cm

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 (ii) the median length of the fish caught. (3 marks)
Solution
⎛N ⎞
⎜ − c. f ⎟
Median = L b + ⎜ 2 ⎟i ⎛ 20 − 17 ⎞
f Median = 144 ⋅5 + ⎜ ×9
⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 12 ⎟⎠
⎝ ⎠
= 146 ⋅75 cm
N 40
= = 20th position
2 2

(c) State the lower class boundary of the modal class. (1 mark)
Solution
144 ⋅5 cm

8. The ages in years of local tourists who visited Lake Nakuru National park in a certain period
was recorded as follows:

12 23 26 17 31 21 14 19 22 18 21 15 20 16 27 18 17 25 28 14
23 19 11 38 15 19 24 20 17 32 19 24 21 33 10 36 21 13 18 16
The table below shows the age of local tourists who visited Lake Nakuru national park on a
certain a day.

Age ( years ) 10 − 14 15 − 17 18 − 21 22 − 29 30 − 34 35 − 39
Frequency ( f ) 6 3

(a) Complete the table. (2 marks)

Solution

Age ( years ) 10 − 14 15 − 17 18 − 21 22 − 29 30 − 34 35 − 39
Frequency ( f ) 6 7 13 9 3 2

(b) Using the table in (a) above:

(i) State the modal age. (1 mark)

Solution

18 − 21

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 (ii) On the grid provided draw a histogram to represent the above data. (5 marks)
Solution
⎛ f⎞
Class limit Frequency,f Frequency density,f .d. f .d = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ i⎠
9 ⋅5 − 14 ⋅5 6 1⋅ 2
14 ⋅5 − 17 ⋅5 7 2 ⋅3
17 ⋅5 − 21⋅5 13 3⋅3
21⋅5 − 29 ⋅5 9 1⋅1
29 ⋅5 − 34 ⋅5 3 0 ⋅6
34 ⋅5 − 39 ⋅5 2 0⋅4

(c) Use the histogram in (b) (ii) above to estimate to 1decimal place the median age.
(2 marks)
Solution
Area = 6+7+13|+9+5 = 40
Area 40
Median = = = 20
2 2
= 6 + 7 + 3⋅3y = 20
3⋅3y = 7
y = 2 ⋅1
Median =19 ⋅5 + 2 ⋅1
= 21⋅6

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 9. The following are masses of 25 students in form 4 class.
49 51 50 60 55 45 56 51 58 59
44 59 42 50 62 46 43 57 56 52
43 41 40 54 44
(a) Draw a frequency distribution table with lower class as 40 − 43 . (3 marks)
Solution
Class Midpoint ( x ) Tally Frequency ( f ) fx Cumulative
frequency ( c. f )
40 − 43 41⋅5 //// 5 207 ⋅5 5
44 − 47 45⋅5 //// 4 182 9
48 − 51 49 ⋅5 //// 5 247 ⋅5 14
52 − 55 53⋅5 /// 3 160 ⋅5 17
56 − 59 57 ⋅5 //// / 6 345 23
60 − 63 61⋅5 // 2 123 25
∑ f = 25 ∑ fx = 1265 ⋅5

(b) Estimate the median. (3 marks)

Solution
⎛ 12 ⋅5 − 9 ⎞
Median = 47 ⋅5 + ⎜ ×4
⎛N ⎞ ⎝ 5 ⎟⎠
⎜ − c. f ⎟ N 25
Median = L b + ⎜ 2 ⎟i = = 12 ⋅5th position = 47 ⋅5 + 2 ⋅8
f 2 2
⎜ ⎟ = 50 ⋅3
⎝ ⎠
(c) On the grid provided draw a histogram for the data. (3 marks)
Solution

(d) On the same grid draw a frequency polygon. (1mark)

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 10. Forty students in form two class were weighed and their masses recorded to the nearest
kilogram as shown below.
45 48 56 39 47 36 45 49 50 46
37 46 33 43 51 42 47 36 42 48
47 40 46 41 45 43 46 50 38 45
54 42 51 39 42 45 44 35 52 46
(a) Using class interval of 5 kg, tabulate this data in a frequency table, the first class being
33 – 37. (3 marks)
Solution
Mass ( kg ) Midpoint ( x ) Tally Frequency ( f ) fx Cumulative
frequency ( c. f )
33− 37 35 //// 5 175 5
38 − 42 40 //// //// 9 360 14
43− 47 45 //// //// //// / 16 720 30

48 − 52 50 //// /// 8 400 38

53− 57 55 // 2 110 40
∑ f = 40 ∑ fx = 1765
(b) Modify the table and use if to calculate mean mass of the students to 2 decimal places.
(3 marks)
Solution
⎛ ⎞ ∑ fx
Mean mass ⎜ x− ⎟ =
⎝ ⎠ f ∑
1765
=
40
= 44 ⋅13

(c) Estimate the median mass of the students to 2 decimal places. (4 marks)
Solution
⎛N ⎞
⎜ 2 − c. f ⎟
Median = L b + ⎜ ⎟i
f
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
N 40
= = 20th position
2 2
⎛ 20 − 14 ⎞
= 42 ⋅5 + ⎜ ×5
⎝ 16 ⎟⎠
= 42 ⋅5 + 1⋅875
= 44 ⋅38

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 11. Use the data below to answer the questions that follow.
Class 1− 15 16 − 30 31− 45 46 − 60 61− 75 76 − 90 91− 105
Frequency ( f ) 4 1 7 9 2 5 2
(a) State the modal frequency. (1 mark)
Solution
Modal frequency = 9
(b) State the median class. (1 mark)
Solution
N 30
= = 15th Position
2 2
46 − 60

(c) Calculate the mean. (5 marks)

Solution
Class Midpoint ( x ) Frequency ( f ) fx Cumulative
frequency ( c. f )
1− 15 8 4 32 4
16 − 30 23 1 23 5
31− 45 38 7 266 12
46 − 60 53 9 477 21
61− 75 68 2 136 23
76 − 90 83 5 415 28
91− 105 98 2 196 30
∑ f = 30 ∑ fx = 1545

⎛ ⎞
Mean ⎜ x− ⎟ =
∑ fx
⎝ ⎠ ∑f
1545
=
30
= 51⋅5
(d) Calculate the median. (3 marks)
Solution
⎛N ⎞
⎜ − c. f ⎟
Median = L b + ⎜ 2 ⎟i
f
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
N 100
= = 15th position
2 2
⎛ 15 − 12 ⎞
= 45⋅5 + ⎜ × 15
⎝ 9 ⎟⎠
= 50 ⋅5
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