THE POLITICAL AND SOCAIL MODEL OF THE

PROPHET MUHAMMAD (S.A.W)

COURSE: HIS 203

Section : 01
Submitted To: Dr. Md. Humayun Kabir
Prepaid By
Name: Zahedin Ahsa Kowshik
Id: 1731256030
Abstract

This essay explores the idea of Islamic creativity via the life of Prophet Muhammad as a
preliminary study (PBUH). This research aims to reevaluate Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH)
originality from a political and statesman perspective. This research also sought to demonstrate his
originality in the fields of diplomacy, conflict resolution, and international relations Never before
had such outstanding leadership been displayed as it was during the time of the prophet
Muhammad. He was viewed as a social leader, a gentleman with a strong moral compass and a
remarkable capacity for self-sacrifice. He was regarded as the finest role model for ethical
leadership and was an excellent spiritual and political leader. The best, most ethical, most civilized
civilization was said to exist in the Medinan State. The Medinan state's achievements will always
serve as an example for future generations. These papers mostly rely on secondary data sources,
and they evaluate them using content analysis. Examining the Islamic model of the prophet
Muhammad (SAW), which was popularly known as the "Medinan State," reveals that his life and
leadership were admirable and deserving of imitation. In addition, the events that occurred during
and after his death are full of lessons that have become a point of reference that governs our lives
today and will do so until the end.

Introduction

The Arab world before the advent of Islam is referred to as "Ayyam-aljahiliyyah," which translates
as "the days of ignorance." This refers to a period of absolute disorder and chaos in political, social,
and religious life. The Arab world was then divided into several tribal principles and lacked a
dispensation, an inspired prophet, or a revelation book. There had been a constant struggle and
fighting among the Arabs since there was no organized government or political unity in the area.
At that time, tribal conflicts, raids, and plundering by one tribe to another were common
occurrences in Arab society. It serves as a record of their unorganized warfare, raids, and blood
feuds. For forty years, the Banu Bakr and Banu Taqhid clans battled over a minor issue involving
the beating of a she-camel. The conflict at Harb al Fizr lasted for several years between the Quraish
and the Hawazin. For several generations, the Medinan tribes of Aws and Khazraj were at war.
They are governed by the maxim "Might is right." While the Arabs recognized that there was a
supreme God, they also offered their prayers and devotion to many other objects, such as their
idols, heavenly bodies, and various sacred stones. The pure monotheism that the prophets Ibrahim
and Ismail once preached to them had long since been forgotten, or covered, by centuries of idol-
worship and superstition. They also used lotteries, consulted soothsayers and Oracles, and believed
in powerful omens to predict the future. The social life of the Arabs was characterized by the
greatest disorder. Corruption, vices, superstition, uncontrolled freedom, and unrestricted
enjoyment were the norm in Arab civilization, which lacked any sense of morality or discipline. It
was a society in which the powerful exploited the weak; women, children, orphans, and slaves had
little protection and rights. There were many wives and husbands, which was the norm nowadays.
Of dread of poverty, fathers have occasionally killed their female offspring. The status of women
in that society was so low; having a female child was considered a source of shame and disgrace;
to avoid this, most women were buried alive. Additionally, women had no inheritance rights;
instead, they were considered to be a part of the inheritance. Before Islam's light reached Arabia,
this was the way of life and the way of civilization there (Rahim, 1981; Lemu, 1989; Abdul, 1998;
Moten, 1996). This essay's main objective is to examine the establishment of the Islamic political
order by the prophet Muhammad (SAW), particularly its splendors in Medina, where he led an
exemplary life and during the reigns of the caliphs Abubakar, Umar bn Al-Kattab, Othman bn
Affan, and Ali bn Abi Talib. For both Muslims and non-Muslims today and in the future, their
lives serve as a point of reference, a guidebook, and a model because they are rich in many different
ways.

Research Questions

Main goal of this research paper is to know about Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬as a social and political
reformer. Therefore, I made some questions that cover every aspect of the social and potential
reformer and give us a big aspect of the Prophet Muhammad (saw).
1. How was the political model of the prophet (s.a.w)
2. Why was The Prophet (s.a.w) called as world’s greatest reformer
3. How He protected equal rights in education, women's rights, and social problems
4. Why He was Invited in Madina and reasons for His Travel.

The Political Model Of The Prophet (S.A.W)

Islam is the only religion that has been constantly revealed by God to people since the beginning
of time. The prophets Nuh, Ibrahim, Moses, and Christ, who each made an appearance at a distinct
period and location, all spread the same belief. Muhammad was God's final prophet, in contrast to
the prophets before him. His companions also preserved the life and character of the prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W) in a special way. Because of his honesty, faithfulness, simplicity,
uprightness, purity, and purity, he faced a great deal of opposition and persecution from his people,
who vehemently opposed him. Arabs who had a strong tradition of idol worship see the new
religion, which also promoted the idea of the oneness of Allah, as a challenge to Mecca’s position
as the center of idol worship. Despite the resistance experienced at Mecca, Islam eventually gained
popularity as a result of the conversion of several notable individuals who happened to be his close
companions. For many years, the Aws and the Kazraj, two Arab tribes, had been engaged in a
constant form of guerilla warfare. The battle of Bu-ath in the year 617 brought this to a bloody
climate, and as a result of the participants' exhaustion, it eventually ended in an armistice. In March
620, Yathribi pilgrims came. Everybody takes an oath to worship just one God, follow his
messenger, and refrain from defamation, theft, adultery, and child murder. They were promised
paradise if they satisfied these straightforward requirements. Both a prophet of Allah and a
politician, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) fulfilled both roles. He
formed a powerful empire, vanquished his adversaries, and led some of the most daring military
operations in the history of the Arabian Peninsula. His true political influence was felt in the area
of ethics and religion. He has always desired to promote harmony among people. Politically savvy
and valiant, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was a formidable figure.
His ability to use politics to forge alliances with others can be seen in the Hijrah to Ethiopia.He
built a state in Madinah where everyone was treated equally and no family or group was given
special treatment. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was an extremely
patient and determined individual. He propagated a code of ethics and integrity for international
diplomacy. Although he never started a conflict or a war, he was firm and ruthless when assaulted.
His commitment to honesty and integrity was the most crucial part of his leadership. When
Heraclius got this significant letter, he was on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. The Emperor dispatched
his chief of police to search the nation for a man belonging to the same tribe as the prophetic
claimant.

Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬As The Social Reformer

The world has never seen a social movement with more force than Islam does. It turned out to be
a process that brought about radical changes in the political, socioeconomic, and cultural values of
the then-dominant society. As a gift from Allah Almighty (The Most Exalted) for humanity,
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) ushered in a new era of harmony and
prosperity. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) is regarded as the most notable
social reformer in human history from a practical standpoint.
● Life and property are sacred
Prophet Muhammad said: O People, just as you regard this month, this day, and this city as sacred,
so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. He made this statement during
his final sermon. Return the items to their respective owners that were given to you. Do no harm
so that no one may do you harm. If someone killed someone for any reason other than revenge for
a murder or to cause trouble in the community, it would be the same as if they had killed everyone.
Surah Miadah 5:32 of the Koran
● Protection of Justice
Dealing with a favor for the wealthy was a frequent activity in the society in the past. According
to Aisha(R), a well-connected Makhzoom family member was convicted of stealing. Some
eminent individuals, including Usaamah Ibn Zayd, intervened to spare her from punishment for
the sake of the Quraysh. The Prophet expressed his displeasure and refusal to support the crime,
saying: "Because they only punished the poor and disregarded the transgressions of the eminent,
many a community in the past destroyed itself. If Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad (I) had
engaged in theft, her hand would have been severed by Allah." Sahih Muslim 1688 and Sahih al-
Bukhari 3475 (Vol. 4, Book 55, Hadith 681)
 ● Equal distribution of capital
In accordance with Allah Almighty's (The Most Exalted) directive, the Prophet Muhammad (peace
be upon him and his family) established a complete system that included not only Zakat but also
Khairat and Sadaqaat, all of which favored the equitable distribution of wealth. Giving
underprivileged Muslims access to needs is the zakat's goal. "Verily, Allah has commanded the
payment of Zakat on them, and may He honor Him and grant Him peace," the Prophet Muhammad
(May Allah glorify Him) remarked (Muslims). It will be taken from the wealthy and given to the
underprivileged. 1:21 of the Sahih Muslim. These Traditions make it abundantly clear that the poor
also have a social and economic component, without which the Islamic concept is left wanting.
● Protection of Equality
Arab civilization before Islam developed prejudices towards people of other races. By setting a
good example for others, the Prophet was able to elevate these basic emotions. Bilal bin Riba, an
Abyssinian, and Salman Farsi, a Persian, two former slaves who later had great regard in the
earliest Muslim society, were his closest friends. The Prophet stated in his well-known final
sermon that everyone is descended from Adam and Eve, that neither an Arab nor a non-Arab is
superior to another Arab, and that neither a white person nor a black person is superior to the other,
save through piety and good deed. Recognize that all Muslims are related to one another as brothers
and that they form a single brotherhood.
● Protection of equal rights in Education
According to the Prophet, "every Muslim man and woman must learn," and "he who offers the
best parenting and education to his daughters shall reach heaven." "Allah will make the route to
Paradise simple for anyone takes a path in the quest of knowledge." Kitaab al-'Ilm, 10 Sahih
Bukhaari, Vol. According to PROPHET MUHAMMAD, whoever imparts knowledge will receive
the same reward as the person who uses it, without it in the least diminishing his reward. Vol.
1:240 of SUNAN IBN MAJAH
● Protection of Women’s Rights
To counteract their "shame," some proud pagans in pre-Islamic civilization engaged in female
infanticide and "honor" killings. The Prophet introduced many reforms during the 7th century,
such as the prohibition of "honor" killings, the right of a woman to consent to her marriage, the
right for her to own private property, the right to unilaterally divorce from an abusive husband,
and the right to remarry as a widow or divorcee. In the Qur'an and Hadith, women are depicted
favorably (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad). The Qur'an is the only book of Scripture in the
entire world where women are mentioned frequently alongside men and are referred to as friends
and partners in faith.The aaayaath instances below are only a handful of note: The believers—both
men and women—protect their friends from harm; they uphold morality and ban immorality; they
establish prayer; they pay the poor-due; and they submit to God and His messenger. God will be
merciful to them in regards to this. Yes, God is Powerful and Wise. God has promised believers—
both men and women—gardens where rivers flow, lovely houses in gardens of everlasting
happiness, and the right to live there. But God's good pleasure—the ultimate felicity—is what
brings about the greatest happiness. Surah Tawbah 9:71–72 of the Koran According to Abu
Huraira (r), Allah's Apostles said that the person with the best character among them is the one
who is the most complete among the believers in faith.
● Protection of girl child
The greatest reformer who advocated against contemporary societal ills was Muhammad. He
abhorred the killing of female infants. When the girl (baby) who was buried alive (as the Arabs
who practiced paganism formerly did) is questioned. What crime was she murdered for? Surah At-
Takwir 81:8–9 of the Qur'an There is no man whose two daughters reach puberty and he treats
them kindly for the time they are together, but they will gain him admission to Paradise, according
to a hadith narrated by Ibn Abbas. Sunan Ibn Majah, Volume 5, Page 3670 The Prophet
Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) once said: "Whoever has three daughters
and is patient with them, and feeds them, and provides for their needs in clothing and

● Protection of slaves
Muslims were commanded by the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, to treat their slaves
with the utmost respect. He commanded the Muslims to provide the slave children with the same
quality clothing and presents that they would provide for their own children. In addition, he
commanded Muslims not to strike or otherwise harm adult slaves. He commanded Muslims to
show them compassion and love. Rich Muslims were advised by the Prophet Muhammad to
purchase slaves from the Arabs, who were pagans, and then set them free. I came to Ibn 'Umar
because he had released a slave, according to Zadhan Abl Umar.

● The Most Successful Reformer

He was one of history's giants if impact is how greatness is measured. Few reformers have ever
succeeded so completely in realizing their dreams as he did in uplifting the spiritual and moral
standing of a people driven into barbarism by heat and foodless wastes. Arabia was a nation when
he died; when he started it was a desert flotsam of idolatrous tribes. - The Rise and Fall of
Civilization.
CONCLUSION
Islam gave Arabia a central form of government that permitted the people to retain many of their
ancient laws, customs, and institutions. A popular elected Caliph accountable to the community at
large exercised the sovereignty during this period in the name of Allah. The Khalifa adhered
strictly to the dictates of the Quran and the Sunnah and administered the affairs of the state in
consultation with the people. The present research recommends a logical and positive argument
that presents the truth about Islamic leadership to the reader. In spite of any misunderstanding,
it is fairly clear that Islamic leadership is a worldly and non-religious method which is
applicable in real life. His character represents all types of human beings - male, female, rich, poor,
labourer, head, head of household, member of the clergy, etc. - and his mission was to spread Islam
through love and affection.
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