BGC 410 Tutorial Test 2 2023

• Answer all the questions.

• Round off your answers to four decimal places.

1. Parts manufactured by an injection moulding process are subjected to a compressive

strength test. 25 samples of five parts each are collected and the compressive strength
(in Pa) are shown in Table 1. The trial x̄ and R control charts are depicted by Figures
1 and 2, respectively.

Sample number Sample observations x̄ R

1 9.26 10.44 10.39 9.87 10.26 10.04 1.18
2 10.92 10.08 9.97 10.16 9.30 10.09 1.62
3 10.10 10.86 8.37 10.24 10.17 9.95 2.49
4 10.57 9.64 11.00 10.48 10.91 10.52 1.35
5 10.69 10.76 10.79 10.98 9.96 10.72 0.63
6 9.74 9.22 9.93 9.50 9.88 9.65 0.66
7 9.84 9.77 10.47 10.25 10.28 10.12 0.70
8 9.94 9.31 9.58 9.30 10.29 9.68 0.99
9 10.78 10.22 10.28 10.72 10.50 10.50 0.50
10 9.46 10.15 10.80 9.57 9.20 9.84 1.61
11 9.64 9.71 10.38 10.23 9.92 9.98 0.74
12 10.51 10.73 10.80 9.94 9.88 10.37 0.92
13 10.41 9.67 9.88 10.28 9.77 10.00 0.75
14 9.59 8.70 9.82 9.56 9.53 9.44 1.12
15 9.20 10.13 10.71 10.96 9.90 10.33 1.76
16 9.11 10.22 9.50 9.82 9.65 9.66 1.11
17 9.53 10.12 10.03 9.71 9.72 9.67 0.60
18 10.14 8.98 9.84 9.74 9.68 9.68 1.16
19 9.81 10.18 9.95 10.40 9.71 10.01 0.69
20 10.12 10.01 10.01 9.75 9.25 9.83 0.87
21 10.30 9.95 9.55 9.84 10.46 10.02 0.91
22 10.73 9.78 9.27 11.03 9.99 10.16 1.76
23 9.89 9.82 9.40 10.67 9.43 9.84 1.27
24 9.99 10.20 9.37 9.05 10.27 9.78 1.21
25 10.10 10.25 9.51 9.16 10.17 9.84 1.09
P25 P25
i=1 x̄i = 248.53 i=1 Ri = 27.70

Table 1: Compressive strength (Pa)

1
Figure 1: x̄ chart

Figure 2: R chart

2
 (a) Apply the relevant run rules to calculate the revised U CL for the R chart. 4

Solution:
The following points are out-of-control:
On the x̄:

• Points 6 and 8 (Rule 2/ 2 out of 3 points beyond 2σ)

• Point 14 (Rule 1/ 1 point beyond 3σ)

On the R chart:

• None

∴ points 6, 8 and 14 are out of control.

The revised R̄ is
27.70 − 0.66 − 0.99 − 1.12
R̄ =
25 − 3
= 1.1332

The revised U CL for the R chart is

U CL = D4 R̄
= 2.115(1.1332)
= 2.3967

(b) Apply the relevant run rules to calculate the revised CL for the x̄ chart. 3

Solution:
The revised x̄¯ is
248.53 − 9.45 − 9.48 − 0.99
x̄¯ =
25 − 3
= 10.0141

(c) Apply the relevant run rules to calculate the revised LCL for the x̄ chart. 1

Solution:

LCL = x̄¯ − A2 R̄
= 10.0141 − 0.577(1.1332)
= 9.3602

2. Control charts for x̄ and R are in use with the following parameters:
The sample size is n = 9. It is assumed that the quality characteristic is normally dis-
tributed and both charts exhibit control. Specifications on this quality characteristic

3
 x̄ chart R chart
U CL 363.0 16.18
CL 360.0 8.91
LCL 357.0 1.64

Table 2: Data for Question 2

are 358 ± 6.
(a) What is the α−risk associated with the x̄ chart? 4

Solution:
R̄ 8.91
σ̂ = = = 3.0
d2 2.970
σ̂ 3
σ̂x̄ = √ = √ = 1
n 9
α = Pr{x̄ < LCL} + Pr{x̄ > U CL}
= Pr{x̄ < LCL} + 1 − Pr{x̄ < U CL}
 LCL − x̄¯   U CL − x̄¯ 
=ϕ +1−ϕ
σ̂x̄ σ̂x̄
 357 − 360   363 − 360 
=ϕ +1−ϕ
1 1
= ϕ(−3.00) + 1 − ϕ(3.00)
= 0.0013 + 1 − 0.9987 = 0.0026

(b) Suppose that the process mean shifts to 357 while the standard deviation remains 4
the same. What is the probability that the shift will not be detected on the first
sample following the shift?

Solution:
β = Pr{LCL ≤ x̄ ≤ U CL}
= Pr{x̄ ≤ U CL} − Pr{x̄ ≤ LCL}
 U CL − x̄¯   LCL − x̄¯ 
new new
=ϕ −ϕ
σ̂x̄ σ̂x̄
 363 − 357   357 − 357 
=ϕ −ϕ
1 1
= ϕ(6.00) − ϕ(0.00)
= 1 − 0.5000 = 0.5000

(c) What is the probability of detecting the shift by the third subsequent sample? 4

Solution:
β r−1 (1 − β)

4
Let r = 3
β 2 (1 − β) = (0.5)2 (1 − 0.5) = 0.125