FORMULA SHEET FOR TMQU03

FORMULAS AND CONSTANTS FOR CONTROL CHARTS

Combination of x-bar and R-chart

x- bar chart R-chart Sigma estimation

CL = x̿ ̅
CL = R ̅
R
̅ ̂=
σ
UCL = ̿ ̅
X + A2 ∗ R UCL = D4 ∗ R d2
LCL = X̿ − A2 ∗ R̅ ̅
LCL = D3 ∗ R

Sample size = n
A2 D3 D4 d2
2 1,880 0 3,267 1,128
3 1,023 0 2,574 1,693
4 0,729 0 2,282 2,059
5 0,577 0 2,114 2,326
6 0,483 0 2,004 2,534
7 0,419 0,076 1,924 2,704
8 0,373 0,136 1,864 2,847
9 0,337 0,184 1,816 2,970
10 0,308 0,223 1,777 3,078

Combination of x-bar and s-chart

x- bar chart s-chart Sigma estimation

𝐶𝐿 = 𝑥̿ CL = s̅ s̅
̂=
σ
UCL = ̿ X + A3 ∗ s̅ UCL = B4 ∗ s̅ c4
LCL = X ̿ − A3 ∗ s̅ LCL = B3 ∗ s̅

Sample size = n
A3 B3 B4 c4
2 2,659 0 3,267 0,7979
3 1,954 0 2,568 0,8862
4 1,628 0 2,266 0,9213
5 1,427 0 2,089 0,9400
6 1,287 0,030 1,970 0,9515
7 1,182 0,118 1,882 0,9594
8 1,099 0,185 1,815 0,9650
9 1,032 0,239 1,761 0,9693
10 0,975 0,284 1,716 0,9727
11 0,927 0,321 1,679 0,9754
12 0,886 0,354 1,646 0,9776
Control charts for process mean and dispersion when µ and σ are known

x- bar chart s-chart R-chart

CL = µ CL = σ CL = σ
UCL = µ + A ∗ σ UCL = B6 ∗ σ UCL = 𝐷2 ∗ σ
LCL = µ − A ∗ σ LCL = B5 ∗ σ LCL = D1 ∗ σ

Sample
size = n
A B5 B6 D1 D2
2 2,121 0 2,606 0 3,686
3 1,732 0 2,276 0 4,358
4 1,500 0 2,088 0 4,698
5 1,342 0 1,964 0 4,918
6 1,225 0,029 1,874 0 5,078
7 1,134 0,113 1,806 0,205 5,203
8 1,061 0,179 1,751 0,387 5,307
9 1,000 0,232 1,707 0,546 5,394
10 0,949 0,276 1,669 0,687 5,469
11 0,905 0,313 1,637 0,812 5,534
12 0,866 0,346 1,610 0,924 5,592

CAPABILITY

𝑈𝑇𝐿 − 𝐿𝑇𝐿
𝐶𝑝 =
6𝜎
 UTL     LTL 
C pk  min  , 
 3 3 

RECIPE FOR NORMAL PROBABILITY PLOT IN EXCEL

1. Put all data in one column

2. Sort the data points in ascending order

3. Add a column with rank number i for every data point

𝑖
4. Calculate median rank mi for every data point according the formula: 𝑚𝑖 = 𝑛+1
with n as number of measurements and i each measurements rank number

5. Calculate the "z-scores" from the median rank using the formula NORMSINV ()
(Given a value for Probability, NORMSINV seeks that score z such that
NORMSDIST(z) = probability).

6. Make a scatter plot, that means plot x values against "z-scores"

CREATE A HISTOGRAM IN EXCEL
1. Make sure you load the Analysis ToolPak to add the Data Analysis command to the
Data tab.

2. On a worksheet, put the input data in one column, and the bin numbers in ascending
order in another column.

3. Click Data > Data Analysis > Histogram > OK.

4. Under Input, select the input range (your data), then select the bin range.

5. Under Output options, choose an output location.

6. Click Chart Output.

EXCEL FUNCTIONS
English Explanation Swedish

Mathematical and logical functions

Counts the number of cells that contain
COUNT numbers, and counts numbers within the list of ANTAL
arguments.
Counts the number of cells that meet criteria you
COUNTIF ANTAL.OM
specify.
Returns the factorial of a number. The factorial
FACT FAKULTET
of a number is equal to 1*2*3*...* number.
Returns the sum of the squares of the
SUMSQ KVADRATSUMMA
arguments.
Multiplies all the numbers given as arguments
PRODUCT PRODUKT
and returns the product.
Multiplies corresponding components in the
SUMPRODUCT given arrays, and returns the sum of those PRODUKTSUMMA
products.
SQRT Returns a positive square root. ROT
SUM Adds values SUMMA

Statistical functions
MAX Returns the largest value in a set of values MAX
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the
AVERAGE MEDEL
arguments
MIN Returns the smallest value in a set of values MIN
Returns the standard normal cumulative
NORM.S.DIST NORMSFÖRD
distribution function
Returns the inverse of the standard normal
NORM.S.INV NORMSINV
cumulative distribution, i.e. z-score
Estimates standard deviation based on a
STDEV.S STDAV
sample.