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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 7: Organic Chemistry

a d g
What is crude oil made up of? Describe the process of fractional distillation. Use the diagram How does increasing the length of the hydrocarbon chain affect
 to help. the viscosity? Choose one answer.
Gas
20oC
List four alkanes. a. more viscous
150 C o
b. less viscous
Gasoline c. stays the same
(Petrol)
200oC

h
Kerosene Cracking is the breaking down of large chain
300oC into shorter chains.
Draw the following alkanes: It produces that have a double .
Diesel Oil
C2H6 C4H10 370 C
o
Crude Oil
Draw a diagram of an alkene.
Fuel Oil

400oC
Lubricating Oil,
Furnace Paraffin Wax,
Asphalt

Keywords: mixture, hydrocarbon, boiling point, temperature,

long-chain, short-chain.
What is the formula for alkenes?
What is the formula for alkanes?  




Show the cracking of a long chain molecule.


b
Describe how crude oil is made. 

 e
 How does the length of the hydrocarbon affect the boiling
 point?

What are the uses of crude oil? 


 i
What are the two methods of cracking? Describe the two

f processes in detail.
What is bromine water a test for? Choose the correct answer.
1. 
c a. alkane
Complete the combustion equation. 
b. alkene
hydrocarbon + oxygen
Complete the balanced symbol equation. What colour does it go? 2. 

CH4 + O2 

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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 7: Organic Chemistry
a f
Circle the alkenes from the molecules shown below. Complete the table by drawing the displayed formula of the product of each of the reactions described.

Reaction Product
ethene + water

Are alkene molecules described as unsaturated O

or saturated? Explain your answer.

butene + bromine



b
Fill in the missing words.
react with in combustion reactions in the
Br Br
same way as other hydrocarbons. However, they often burn in air with smoky flames and produce
propene + hydrogen
because of combustion.

c
Finish the balanced equation to show the products of the complete combustion of methane.
CH₄ + 2O₂ +

d
Finish the balanced equation to show the products of the incomplete combustion of ethane.
C₂H₆ + 2O₂ + + g
What is the functional group of…
1. alcohols?
e
Fill in the missing words. 2. carboxylic acids?
Alcohols dissolve in water to produce a solution. Alcohol molecules do not form
any . h
When carboxylic acids dissolve in water, they produce ions.
When an alcohol reacts with sodium, it produces a and .
• Which type of ions do they produce?
e.g. ethanol + sodium +
• What does this tell you about the pH?
When an alcohol is burned with oxygen, it produces and .
e.g. methanol + oxygen +

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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 7: Organic Chemistry
a g
Complete the general equation below: Complete the table.
carboxylic acid + metal carbonate + + Name Formula Structural Formula Displayed Formula
methanol CH₃OH
b c 
How is an ester made? Complete the diagram below to show addition polymerisation
of ethene.

Monomer: Polymer:

ethene  C₂H₅OH

n  

C₃H₇OH
 

butanol CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
d e
What is the difference between strong and weak Compare addition polymerisation with 
acids? condensation polymerisation.
 
 
h i
  What is DNA? Complete the sentence.

   Amino acids react by 

    to produce

   .

Describe the structure of the DNA polymer. How is a protein produced?

f
Complete the equation to show the formation of polyester.  
n OH OH + nHOOC COOH ( ) n +2n  


Name three other naturally occurring polymers,

not including DNA.


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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 7: Organic Chemistry Answers
a d g
What is crude oil made up of? Describe the process of fractional distillation. Use the diagram How does increasing the length of the hydrocarbon chain affect
Different-length Hydrocarbons. to help. the viscosity? Choose one answer.
Gas a. more viscous
20oC
List four alkanes. b. less viscous
150oC c. stays the same
methane, ethane, propane, butane Gasoline
(Petrol)
200oC
Draw the following alkanes:
h
C2H6 C4H10 Kerosene Cracking is the breaking down of large chain hydrocarbons
300oC into shorter chains.
Diesel Oil It produces alkenes that have a double bond.
Crude Oil 370oC
Draw a diagram of an alkene.
Fuel Oil

400oC
Lubricating Oil,
Furnace Paraffin Wax,
Asphalt
What is the formula for alkanes?
Cn + H2n + 2 Keywords: mixture, hydrocarbon, boiling point, temperature,
long-chain, short-chain. What is the formula for alkenes?
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons and they are heated until CnH2n

they form a gas.

Show the cracking of a long chain molecule.
They all have different boiling points so separate out at different short hydrocarbon
(alkene)
b temperatures.
Describe how crude oil is made.
From the remains of dead plankton and other animals and plants Long-chain hydrocarbons have high boiling points, short-chain
that fall to the bottom of the sea and get covered in mud. molecules have low boiling points.

e
How does the length of the hydrocarbon affect the boiling long hydrocarbon
What are the uses of crude oil?
point? (alkaline)
Fuel for transport e.g. petrol and diesel. short hydrocarbon
The longer the hydrocarbon, the higher the boiling point - more
Used to make other compounds such as polymers, lubricants, (alkane)
energy is needed to break up the molecules.
solvents, detergents.
i
What are the two methods of cracking? Describe the two
f
What is bromine water a test for? Choose the correct answer. processes in detail.

c a. alkane
Complete the combustion equation. Steam – heated into a vapour, mixed with steam, heated at very
b. alkene high temperature.
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
Complete the balanced symbol equation. What colour does it go?
Catalytic – heated into a gas, passed over aluminium oxide
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O colourless catalyst, molecules split.

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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 7: Organic Chemistry Answers
a f
Circle the alkenes from the molecules shown below. Complete the table by drawing the displayed formula of the product of each of the reactions described.

Reaction Product
ethene + water

O
Are alkene molecules described as unsaturated O
or saturated? Explain your answer.
Unsaturated – alkenes contain a C=C double bond. There are fewer H atoms in an alkene molecule
butene + bromine
than there are in an alkane of the same length. More H atoms can be added by breaking the C=C
double bond.

b
Fill in the missing words.
Alkenes react with oxygen in combustion reactions in the same way as other hydrocarbons. However,
Br Br
they often burn in air with smoky flames and produce soot/carbon because of incomplete combustion.
propene + hydrogen

c
Finish the balanced equation to show the products of the complete combustion of methane.
CH₄ + 2O₂ CO₂ +2H₂O

d
Finish the balanced equation to show the products of the incomplete combustion of ethane.
C₂H₆ + 2O₂ CO + C +3H₂O g
What is the functional group of…
1. alcohols? -OH
e
Fill in the missing words. 2. carboxylic acids? -COOH
Alcohols dissolve in water to produce a neutral solution. Alcohol molecules do not form any ions.
When an alcohol reacts with sodium, it produces a salt and hydrogen. h
When carboxylic acids dissolve in water, they produce ions.
e.g. ethanol + sodium sodium ethoxide + hydrogen
• Which type of ions do they produce? H+/hydrogen ions
When an alcohol is burned with oxygen, it produces carbon dioxide and water.
• What does this tell you about the pH? They are acidic.
e.g. methanol + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 7: Organic Chemistry Answers
a d
Complete the general equation below: Complete the table.
carboxylic acid + metal carbonate metal salt + carbon dioxide + water Name Formula Structural Formula Displayed Formula
methanol CH₃OH CH₃OH

O
b c
How is an ester made? Complete the diagram below to show addition polymerisation
of ethene.
By reacting an alcohol with a
carboxylic acid. Monomer: Polymer:
ethene poly(ethene) C₂H₅OH CH₃CH₂OH
ethanol

n O

propanol C₃H₇OH CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

butanol C₄H₉OH CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH

d e
What is the difference between strong and weak Compare addition polymerisation with
acids? condensation polymerisation.
• Strong acids have a pH 1 or 2; Addition polymerisation occurs when many
• weak acids have a pH 3 or 4; small molecules join to form a chain. C=C
• in strong acids, all the molecules produce represents the functional group in the
H+ /hydrogen ions; monomers.
• in weak acids, not all the molecules produce
H+ /hydrogen ions. Condensation polymerisation occurs when
monomers with two functional groups join and
lose small molecules e.g. water.
f different monomers. These monomers are called
Complete the equation to show the formation of polyester.
n OH OH + nHOOC COOH ( COO OOC ) n +2n H₂O
O
h i
What is DNA? Complete the sentence.
DNA is a large molecule of genetic instructions
Amino acids react by condensation
for the growth and development of living
polymerisation to produce polypeptides.
organisms.
How is a protein produced?
Describe the structure of the DNA polymer.
Different amino acids combine in the same
Two polymer chains that are made from four
chain to form proteins.  
nucleotides and are in the form of a double
helix.
Name three other naturally occurring polymers,
not including DNA.
Proteins, starch and cellulose.

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