COLLABORATION AND PROTOCOLS

EKATERINA PETROVA (modified by Kjeld Svidt)

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

AGENDA FOR TODAY

▸ BIM globally and in Denmark: mandates, institutions, agreements, guides
▸ BIM maturity levels
▸ Collaboration and Common Data Environment

▸ Classification systems

▸ LOD, LOI, LOX

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

LEADING BIM INITIATIVES WORLDWIDE

▸ Finland: COBIM - Common BIM Requirements
▸ Denmark: Molio and Digital Construction (Det Digitale Byggeri)
▸ United Kingdom: BIM Implementation in Levels
▸ Belgium: The Guide to BIM
▸ Australasia: NATSPEC National BIM Guide
▸ Norway: Statsbygg BIM Manual
▸ Singapore: BIM Road map
▸ South Korea: BIM Guide
▸…
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCE OF BIM IN DENMARK

▸ 2002, ”Will to growth” competitiveness package- increase productivity and
competitiveness in the Danish construction industry by improved utilization of ICT

▸ Digital Construction (Det Digitale Byggeri) – 2003 to 2006.

▸ All participants in a building project contribute to the overall amount of data that
represents the project so that relevant data can be retrieved in the form needed for
further use.

▸ Create IT standards and shared guidelines for the industry and implement them as
requirements in public building projects.

▸ “Best practice” examples in order to gain experience and document the benefits.
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

EMERGENCE OF BIM IN DENMARK

▸ From 01.01.2007 public sector projects are required to make a number of
demands related to ICT (Jensen and Johanesson, 2013)

▸ ICT tools should support a process without breaks and loss of information
through the whole lifetime of the project (Jespersen, 2008)

▸ Demands in the following four areas:

▸ Digital tendering
▸ Project web

▸ 3D models (more than 20 million DKK – was 40 million DKK until 2008)
▸ Digital handover (for projects totalling 15 million DKK or more)
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

CURRENT STATE OF BIM IN DENMARK

▸ National Agency for Enterprise and Construction - a regulation concerning the
use of ICT in public construction- updated in 2011 (and entered into force in
April 2013, modifications in 2016).
▸ Area of application: Any construction with the Danish State as the client for
an estimated total contract sum of minimum DKK 5 million excluding VAT.
▸ ICT coordination: The client must ensure that the coordinated use of ICT
▸ Handling of digital construction objects: The client must require that digital
construction objects are structured, classified, named, coded and identified in
a uniform way and to a specific degree of detail.
▸ Digital communication and project web, etc.: The client must require the
use of a system for digital communication and archiving of all relevant
information during the construction project.
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

CURRENT STATE OF BIM IN DENMARK

▸ Use of digital construction models: The client must require that all
proposals include digital, object-based construction models, as well as
visualisations made on the basis of these models.

▸ Digital invitations to tender and bids: The client must require the use of
digital systems.

▸ Digital delivery on handing over the construction project

▸ Digital information concerning defects

▸ Molio and buildingSMART Denmark

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

AGENDA FOR TODAY

▸ BIM globally and in Denmark: mandates, institutions, agreements, guides
▸ BIM maturity levels
▸ Collaboration and Common Data Environment

▸ Classification systems

▸ LOD, LOI, LOX

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION

BIM MATURITY LEVELS

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

AGENDA FOR TODAY

▸ BIM globally and in Denmark: mandates, institutions, agreements, guides
▸ BIM maturity levels
▸ Collaboration and Common Data Environment

▸ Classification systems

▸ LOD, LOI, LOX

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

COLLABORATION AND COMMUNICATION TRADITIONALLY

Source: Alazmeh (2018)

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

BIM-BASED COLLABORATION AND COMMUNICATION

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

BUILDING DESIGN WORKFLOW EXAMPLE

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

BUILDING DESIGN WORKFLOW EXAMPLE

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

BUILDING DESIGN WORKFLOW EXAMPLE

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

BUILDING DESIGN WORKFLOW EXAMPLE

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

COMMON DATA ENVIRONMENT

▸ BIM practice strongly advises the use of a Common Data Environment (CDE) to
manage information from all stakeholders.

▸ ‘A central repository storing construction project information. The contents of

the CDE are not limited to assets created in a ‘BIM environment’ and it will
therefore include documentation, graphical model and non-graphical assets.’
(British Standards Institute, 2013, PAS 1192).

▸ That includes data that is often not captured directly in a BIM model (e.g.
design briefs, point cloud data, etc.)
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

COMMON DATA ENVIRONMENT

▸ File- based exchange
▸ Single server managed by one of
the stakeholders

▸ Specialised platforms developed

by software developers or BIM
consulting companies

▸ Future-proof
distributed/decentralized systems
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

FILE FORMATS

General rule of thumb:

Reducing the amount of imports and exports will always reduce the number of
errors and the amount of unnecessary reworks, and increase the quality of the
embedded information.
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

WHAT HAPPENS IN LARGE PROJECTS

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

AND IN EVEN LARGER PROJECTS

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

AGENDA FOR TODAY

▸ BIM globally and in Denmark: mandates, institutions, agreements, guides
▸ BIM maturity levels
▸ Collaboration and Common Data Environment

▸ Classification systems

▸ LOD, LOI, LOX

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

CLASSIFICATION (SYSTEMS)
▸ Classification systems give the different parties a common understanding of what
“something” in the AEC industry is by categorization.
▸ This “something” can be everything from complex properties and infrastructure (e.g.
hospitals, university campuses and motorways) to small items ( e.g. electrical
components or furniture)
▸ We often classify the use of “something” (e.g. a space for teaching, a component for
airflow regulation).
▸ Often hierarchical, where the main classes are divided into subclasses.
▸ A class is often a combination of the class name (the human readable short name
description) and the class value (the “code” that describes its place and level in the
class hierarchy.
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

WHICH CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS EXIST?

▸ Cuneco Classification System (CCS) (Digitally oriented Classification System
developed in Denmark and supported by Open BIM)
▸ CI/SfB (Construction index/SfB) - Construction Index/Samarbetskommitten for
Byggnadsfragor
▸ BIM7AA
▸ OmniClass (US)
▸ Uniclass (UK)
▸ MasterFormat, UniFormat
▸ Other?
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

CSS LEVELS OF INFORMATION

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

USE CASES
▸ Use standard categorization of building elements and products in specifications.
▸ Contractors are familiar with the structure in the specification and will be able to
multiply quantities from the specification with their cost and price database.

▸ For operations & maintenance it is common practice to name and tag systems and
components using some kind of classification system.

▸ Handover of as-built documentation.

▸ Owners of portfolios use classification systems to categorize their facilities and spaces
by their use to get a common foundation for space management, cost budgeting,
benchmarking, etc.
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

CLASSIFICATIONOF BUILDING ELEMENTS

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS IN REVIT

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

AGENDA FOR TODAY

▸ BIM globally and in Denmark: mandates, institutions, agreements, guides
▸ BIM maturity levels
▸ Collaboration and Common Data Environment

▸ Classification systems

▸ LOD, LOI, LOX

CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

LEVEL OF DETAIL VS LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT

“Level of Detail (LoD) how much detail/information is included in the model or object, i.e. the specific
information needed to do a design task or provided after the design task (BIM function). This is the input
and output information for a task. LoD is defined by exchange requirements” (Calleja-Rodriguez et al.,
2016).

“Level of Development (LOD) the degree to which the element’s geometry and attached information has
been thought through (has been effectively designed and decided upon). As such, its intention is to provide
a measure of the degree to which project team members may rely on the information when using the model
[...] It’s important to note that not all elements/disciplines, depending on their domain, may be in the same
LOD.(Calleja-Rodriguez et al., 2016).

In short:
Detail = How much information has been modelled. It is an input.

Development = The degree to which a modelled element and attached information has been thought
through. It is reliability (Burt, 2016).
CMBI1, BED1, BL2: INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

LEVEL OF DETAIL
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION

LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION

LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION

LOX – MARZIA BOLPAGNI

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION

LOX SYSTEM COMPARISON (BOLPAGNI, 2016)

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION

DIKON SPECIFICATIONS