Sociology

SRM Institute of Science and Technology,
College of Science and Humanities,KTR
Department: Social Work Programme : MSW

Academic Year: 2022-23 Year/Semester :I/I
Course Code/Title: PWS21104T-Sociology No. of Sections: A
Course Coordinator : Dr. S.Rachel

S.No. Content Available
(Yes/No)
1 Academic Course Description yes
2 Course Articulation Matrix yes
3 Course Committee Meeting Minutes yes
4 Assessment Details:
4.1 CLAT – I Yes
4.1.1 Question paper
4.1.2 Evaluation key
4.1.3 Sample answer sheets
4.1.4 TLP5 (of all sections)
4.2 CLAT – II Yes
4.3 CLAT – III Yes
4.4 CLAT – IV (Assignment) Yes
4.5 Lab Assessment NA
4.5.1 TLP5 of CLAP - I (of all sections)
4.5.2 TLP5 of CLAP - II (of all sections)
4.5.3 TLP5 of CLAP - III (of all sections)
4.5.4 TLP5 of CLAP - IV (of all sections)
4.6 End Semester Examination Yes
5 Analysis and Assessment of Course Outcomes and Program Outcome Yes
5.1 CO Attainment Calculation (of all sections)
5.2 PO Attainment Calculation(of all sections)
5.3 Overall Attainment of CO, PO and PSO
5.4 Gap Analysis for COs, POs and PSOs
6 Survey and feedback reports: No
6.1 Survey report of Course Outcomes
6.2 Feedback report of Course Teachers
6.3 Course committee reports to BOS (curriculum committee)
7 Remedial Measures for each test component (for all sections) Yes
8 Question Bank Yes
9 Notes of Lesson Yes
10 Lab Manual NA
11 Sample Record NA
Course Coordinator HOD
This course on Sociology is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to the society
from a social work perspective. Social workers in all professional work settings must know how
to identify the problems that are prevailing in the community from a societal point of view,
hence this course provides a sufficient introduction to the major concepts and principles relating
to the study of society, social institutions, and social interaction.
This course will familiarize students with the various roles, functions, and tasks which social
workers perform in a variety of settings and acquaint them with the primary skills and practices
of generalist social work in the community. With the knowledge of the key social work values,
knowledge, principles, and skills within an ethical framework as defined this course will help the
students to define the roles and functions of community-based generalist social work practice.
This course on sociology will help them to identify the multiple methods used by generalist
social workers with systems of all sizes. The course demonstrates an understanding of the
numerous fields of practice in which social workers perform their functions. The course
describes the effect of the person, agency, and society on the social work process. The unit on the
various social reforms in the modern institutions will define the dimensions of diversity and
oppression as well as thoroughly describes the social justice issues related to the needs and
hurdles of a particular concerned population .The detailed inputs on the prevailing social issues
will enable the students to apply the sociological methods to handle the emerging challenges in
Indian society. The course provides a holistic understanding of social issues in the society as well
as the strategies to empower those affected by the social evils. Thus this course on sociology will
be taught to get an understanding on how human beings relate to each other, using theoretical
models and carefully gathered data. This course is designed to build the capacity of the students
to use social work professional skills to focus on changing and improving lives so people can
reach their full potential.
Course Course Course L T P C
PWS21104T Sociology C Professional Core Course
Code Name Category 2 0 0 2
Pre-requisite Courses Nil Co-requisite Courses Nil Progressive Courses Nil
Course Offering Department Social Work Data Book / Codes/Standards Nil
Course Learning Rationale (CLR): The purpose of learning this course is to: Learning Program Learning Outcomes (PLO)
CLR-1: Introduce the students to the sociological concept and notion of the society 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
CLR-2 : Get knowledge of different types of social institutions and its functions
Level of Thinking (Bloom)

Expected Proficiency (%)
Expected Attainment (%)
Fundamental Knowledge
Application of Concepts
CLR-3 : Get an understanding of our society's current culture.
Analyze, Interpret Data

Procedural Knowledge
Problem Solving Skills

Skills in Specialization
Communication Skills
CLR-4 : the social system and political structure of our society.
Investigative Skills
Skills in Modeling
Link with Related
CLR-5 : Make the students aware of social problems that affect our society.
Analytical Skills
Ability to Utilize
CLR-6 : Build the capacity to use social work professional skills to address social problems.
Knowledge
Disciplines
PSO-3
PSO -1
PSO -2
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): At the end of this course, learners will be able to:
CLO-1: Understand and optimise the knowledge of Indian society. 2 75 60 H H H H M H - - - H H - H H H
CLO-2: Explain the various social institutions that exist in our society. 2 80 70 H H M H L H - - - H H - H H H
CLO-3: Recognize the various social systems and structures of our society. 2 70 65 H H M H H H - - H H H H H H H
CLO-4: Comprehend the political framework of society. 2 70 70 H H M H L H - - - H H - H H H
CLO-5: Apply sociological methods to handle the emerging challenges in Indian society. 2 80 70 H H M H H H - - - H H - H H H
CLO-6: Get insight, analyse, evaluate and suggest solutions to social problems. 2 75 70 H H L H H H - - H H H - H H H
Ma s te r of S oc ia l W ork 16
SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology
College of Science and Humanities College of Science and Humanities
Department of Social Work Department of Social Work
Kattankulathur Campus Kattankulathur Campus
Cycle Test-1 Duration:1.30 hrs Cycle Test-1 Duration:1.30 hrs
Sociology Sociology
Part-A Part-A
Answer any FOUR out of SIX Questions 4X5=20 Answer any FOUR out of SIX Questions 4X5=20
1. Define Society. Highlight its characteristic features 1. Define Society. Highlight its characteristic features
2. Differentiate Cooperation and Competition 2. Differentiate Cooperation and Competition
3. Write short notes on the elements and characteristic 3. Write short notes on the elements and characteristic
features of community. features of community.
4. Highlight on the methods on accommodation 4. Highlight on the methods on accommodation
5. Give a brief account on the functions of Social System 5. Give a brief account on the functions of Social System
6. Write short notes on the factors favoring Assimilation 6. Write short notes on the factors favoring Assimilation
Part-B Part-B
Answer all the Questions 2X15=30 Answer all the Questions 2X15=30
7. (a) Elaborate on the Socialisation Process with suitable 7. (a) Elaborate on the Socialisation Process with suitable
examples examples
Or Or
7. (b) Highlight the various elements in Social system. 7. (b) Highlight the various elements in Social system.
8. (a)Justify the relevance of Sociology in Social work 8. (a)Justify the relevance of Sociology in Social work
Or Or
8. (b) Elaborate on the roles of various agencies in 8. (b) Elaborate on the roles of various agencies in
Socialisation Socialisation
SRM Institute of Science and Technology
College of Science and Humanities
Department of Social Work
Kattankulathur Campus
Cycle Test-1 Duration:1.30 hrs
Sociology
Part-A
Answer any FOUR out of SIX Questions 4X5=20
1. Define Society. Highlight its characteristic features
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large

social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political
authority and dominant cultural expectations.
1. Society is abstract:
If society is viewed as web of social relationships, it is distinct from physical entity which we can
see and perceive through senses. As written earlier, Maclver argued, “we may see the people
but cannot see society or social structure, but only its only external aspects”. Social
relationships are invisible and abstract. We can just realize them but cannot see or touch them.
Therefore, society is abstract. Reuter wrote: “Just as life is not a thing but a process of living, so
society is not a thing but a process of associating”.
2. Likeness and difference in society:
Society involves both likeness and difference. If people are all exactly alike, merely alike, their
relationships would be limited. There would be little give-and- take and little reciprocity. If all
men thought alike, felt alike, and acted alike, if they had the same standards and same
interests, if they all accepted the same customs and echoed the same opinions without
questioning and without variation, civilisation could never have advanced and culture would
have remained rudimentary. Thus, society needs difference also for its existence and
continuance.
3. Cooperation and conflict in society:

Cooperation and conflict are universal elements in human life. Society is based on cooperation
but because of internal differences, there is conflict also among its members.
4. Society is a process and not a product:
“Society exists only as a time sequence. It is becoming, not a being; a process and not a
product” (Maclver and Page, 1956). In other words, as soon as the process ceases, the product
disappears.
5. Society as a system of stratification:
Society provides a system of stratification of statuses and classes that each individual has a
relatively stable and recognisable position in the social structure.
2. Differentiate Cooperation and Competition
Cooperation
Refers to a form of social interaction where two or more persons work together to gain a
common end. one can go to any extent to help others
Requires qualities such as kindness , sympathy , concern .
Brings people satisfaction
Competition
Have their own limitations. Bound by norms. limitless/unregulated competitions can cause
much harm
Requires qualities such as aspirations , self confidence . spirit of adventure.
Can cause satisfaction/ dissatisfaction , anxiety indefiniteness and uncertainties
3. Write short notes on the elements and characteristic features of community.
Group of people
A group of people is the most fundamental or essential characteristic or element of community.

This group may be small or large but community always refers to a group of people.
(2) A definite locality:

It is the next important characteristic of a community. Because community is a territorial group.
A group of people alone can’t form a community. A group of people forms a community only
when they reside in a definite territory.
(3) Community Sentiment:
It is another important characteristic or element of community. Because without community

sentiment a community can’t be formed only with a group of people and a definite locality.
Community sentiment refers to a strong sense of awe feeling among the members or a feeling
of belonging together.
(4)Organised:
Communities are naturally organised. It is neither a product of human will nor created by an act
of government. It grows spontaneously. Individuals became the member by birth.
(5) Permanence :
Community is always a permanent group. It refers to a permanent living of individuals within a

definite territory. It is not temporary like that of a crowd or association.
(6) Similarity:
The members of a community are similar in a number of ways. As they live within a definite
locality they lead a common life and share some common ends. Among the members similarity
in language, culture, customs, and traditions and in many other things is observed.
4. Highlight on the methods on accommodation
Yielding to coercion: weaker party will accept the conditions of agreement & adjust to situation
Compromise:when 2 parties are equal in power, they attain accommodation by compromise
Yielding to coercion: weaker party will accept the conditions of agreement & adjust to situation
Compromise:when 2 parties are equal in power, they attain accommodation by compromise
Toleration: conflicts are avoided. Toleration is an outcome of live & let live policy. no
settlement of differences only avoidance of disputes.
Conversion: sudden rejection of one’s beliefs & loyalties & the adoption of other beliefs.
Sublimation: surrendering to love instead of conflict. conquering violence by peace,humanity&
affection.Eg.mahatma gandhi
Rationalization: involves explanations for a person’s behaviour. Not accepting his own failure &
blames other for his own fault.
5. Give a brief account on the functions of Social System
social systems are used to identify relationships that connect people and organizations, which
ultimately contribute to a larger institution.
1. Adaptation:
The problems of adapting the social system to its physical and social environments. The most
important problems in this respect are procuring resources needed for its activities, providing
for protection against physical and social threats, and developing information relating to these.
2. Goal Attainment:
The organisational problem of effecting co-ordination in any collective tasks directed outside
the system itself.
3. Integration:
The internal problem of maintaining satisfying relations among the interacting, members and
avoiding disrupting conflicts. For small groups, this concerns inter-personal relations. For larger
organisation, it concerns inter-group relations.
4. Latent Pattern Maintenance:
The internal organisational problem of ordering activity patterns of the system, and also of
adjusting the role demands on members, so that these are compatible with their other role
commitments.
6. Write short notes on the factors favoring Assimilation
Factors Favoring Assimilation: 1. Toleration: Assimilation is possible only when

individual and groups are tolerated towards cultural differences of others. Tolerance helps
people to comet ether, to develop contacts and to participate in common social and cultural
activities. on the majority group or the dominant group itself is secure. 2. Intimate social
relationships: Assimilation is the final product of social contacts. The relative speed in which it is
achieved depends on the nature of the contacts. It takes place naturally in primary groups such
as family and friendship groups. 3. Amalgamation or intermarriage: It is an effective favoring
assimilation process. It does not combine two opposite sexes but also two different families,
castes, religious and regional groups together. A factor which helps complete assimilation is
amalgamation 4. which refers to the intermarriage of different groups without biological
amalgamation complete assimilation is not possible. Mere inter mixture of the groups to a
limited degree does not guarantee assimilation but intermarriage or amalgamation must be
accepted in the mores and become a part of the institutional; structure, before assimilation
exists.
Part-B
Answer all the Questions 2X15=30
7.(a) Elaborate on the Socialisation Process with suitable examples
Imitation: Is copying the act of others. Can be conscious/unconscious, spontaneous/deliberate
Suggestion: Is a process of communication in which the suggested ideas are accepted without
logical grounds.A child lacks in thinking and reasoning, hence can be suggestible
Identification: In the early age a child cannot distinguish b/w himself & environment.Most of
the initial reactions are natural & sponatenous.As growing, he learns to identify
Language: It is the medium of expressionThus in the process of learning, language is important.
Or
7. (b) Highlight the various elements in Social system.
The elements of social system are described as under:
1. Faiths and Knowledge:
The faiths and knowledge brings about the uniformity in the behaviour. They act as controlling
agency of different types of human societies. The faiths or the faith is the result of the
prevalent customs and beliefs. They enjoy the force of the individual are guided towards a
particular direction.
2. Sentiment:
Man does not live by reason alone. Sentiments – filial, social, notional etc. have played
immense role in investing society with continuity. It is directly linked with the culture of the
people.
3. End Goal or object:
Man is born social and dependent. He has to meet his requirements and fulfill his obligations.
Man and society exist between needs and satisfactions, end and goal. These determine the
nature of social system. They provided the pathway of progress, and the receding horizons.
4. Ideals and Norms:
The society lays down certain norms and ideals for keeping the social system intact and for
determining the various functions of different units. These norms prescribe the rules and
regulations on the basis of which individuals or persons may acquire their cultural goals and
aims.
5. Status-Role:
Every individual in society is functional. He goes by status-role relation. It may come to the
individual by virtue of his birth, sex, caste, or age. One may achieve it on the basis of service
rendered.
8.(a)Justify the relevance of Sociology in Social work
Social work is a profession concerned with the aim to solve personal, family, community
problems to attain satisfying personal, group and common relationships through social work
practice.
Sociology is the scientific study of society. It focuses on human interaction & inter-relationship
between different groups, resources & development in the society.
Social work deals with the individual and social problems in reference to the theoretical
knowledge of sociology.
Both sociology and social work look at the society as a network of social relationship. Sociology
provides scientific analyze of society and social problems whereas,
Social work provides most scientific and suitable means and methods to help people with
problems.
Sociology means understanding & classifying problems while; by analyzing those problems,
Social work solves it.
Or
8. (b) Elaborate on the roles of various agencies in

Socialisation
Family
The child’s first world is that of his family. It is a world in itself, in which the child learns to live,
to move and to have his being. Within it, not only the biological tasks of birth, protection and
feeding take place, but also develop those first and intimate associations with persons of
different ages and sexes which form the basis of the child’s personality development.
School
After family the educational institutions take over the charge of socialisation. In some societies
(simple non-literate societies), socialisation takes place almost entirely within the family but in
highly complex societies children are also socialised by the educational system. Schools not only
teach reading, writing and other basic skills, they also teach students to develop themselves, to
discipline themselves, to cooperate with others, to obey rules and to test their achievements
through competition.
Peer group:
Besides the world of family and school fellows, the peer group (the people of their own age and
similar social status) and playmates highly influence the process of socialisation. In the peer
group, the young child learns to confirm to the accepted ways of a group and to appreciate the
fact that social life is based on rules. Peer group becomes significant others in the terminology
of G.H. Mead for the young child. Peer group socialisation has been increasing day by day these
days.
Media
From early forms of print technology to electronic communication (radio, TV, etc.), the media is
playing a central role in shaping the personality of the individuals. Since the last century,
technological innovations such as radio, motion pictures, recorded music and television have
become important agents of socialisation.
Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur
Format No:TLP5 INTERNAL MARKS LIST (Archived)
Program Section : MSW - Social Work - [PG - FT - ACADEMIC] : Sem - 1-A
Test Name : Theory CLA1
Subject Code & Title : PWS21104T-SOCIOLOGY-T-INT
Conducted Date : 26-Sep-2022 Submitted 13-Dec-2022 Conducted Max. 10.00
Marks Converted Marks Converted

Register No Obtained % Register No Obtained %
RA2232261010001 8.20 82 RA2232261010002 8.20 82
RA2232261010003 7.80 78 RA2232261010004 6.70 67
RA2232261010005 7.20 72 RA2232261010006 5.90 59
RA2232261010007 5.00 50 RA2232261010008 8.10 81
RA2232261010009 7.00 70 RA2232261010010 6.90 69
RA2232261010011 5.00 50 RA2232261010012 8.20 82
RA2232261010013 5.30 53 RA2232261010014 8.00 80
RA2232261010015 6.80 68 RA2232261010018 7.50 75
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RA2232261010023 5.00 50 RA2232261010024 6.30 63
RA2232261010025 8.30 83 RA2232261010026 5.20 52
RA2232261010027 8.10 81 RA2232261010028 5.00 50
RA2232261010029 5.00 50 RA2232261010030 6.20 62
RA2232261010031 6.70 67 RA2232261010033 6.70 67
RA2232261010034 8.00 80 RA2232261010035 7.70 77
RA2232261010036 5.00 50 RA2232261010037 5.00 50

Total Strength 36 Range of Marks No. of Students
Total Absentees 2
0-49 0
Total No. of 0
50-59 12
Pass Mark 50
60-69 7
Pass Percentage 94
70-79 6
80-89 9
90-100 0
SIGNATURE OF THE STAFF

SIGNATURE OF HOD
(Dr. RACHEL S)
Cycle Test-2 Duration: 1.30 hrs
Sociology
Part-A
1. Define Culture. Write briefly on its characteristics
2. Explain the disadvantages faced by modern families
3. Write briefly on the elements of social system
4. Write on the remedial measures to alleviate poverty
5. What are the functions of family?
6. Women empowerment is inevitable for society’s development-Justify
Part-B
1. (a) Elaborate on the Socialization process with examples
Or
7. (b) Highlight the various Problems due to alcohol addiction among families.
2. (a) The impacts of Caste System in India- Give your Analytical views
Or
8. (b) Suggest ways to mitigate the Social media addiction among the children.
Cycle Test-2 Duration: 1.30 hrs
Sociology
Part-A
Culture . . . is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom,
and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Seven (7) Major Traits of Culture
 Learned.
 Transmitted.
 Based on Symbols.
 Changeable.
 Integrated.
 Ethnocentric.
 Adaptive.

Challenges Facing Families
 Abuse.
 Addiction.
 Communication Issues.
 Divorce.
 Grief.
 Parenting.
 Pornography.
 Same-Sex Attraction.

The elements of social system are belief and knowledge, sentiment, goal or objective, norm,
status and role, rank, power, sanction and facility. The structure of social system is based on
the interaction of plurality of individuals. Social system relates to the functional aspect of social
structure.
Increase in employment opportunities- employment opportunities must be made for people in
rural areas. Employment in small scale and cottage industries must be encouraged. Reduce
economic inequality- in this way more job and education opportunities will be provided to the
poor and this would help to remove poverty.

The basic functions of the family are to: (1) regulate sexual access and activity; (2) provide an
orderly context for procreation; (3) nurture and socialize children; (4) ensure economic
stability; and (5) ascribe social status. Families further impart affection, care, and adaptive
functions.

Empowering women is essential to the health and social development of families, communities
and countries. When women are living safe, fulfilled and productive lives, they can reach their
full potential. contributing their skills to the workforce and can raise happier and healthier
children.
Part-B
1. (a) Elaborate on the Socialization process with examples
G.H. Mead:
The American psychologist George Herbert Mead (1934) went further in analysing how the self
develops. According to Mead, the self represents the sum total of people’s conscious
perception of their identity as distinct from others, just as it did for Cooley. However, Mead’s
theory of self was shaped by his overall view of socialisation as a lifelong process.
Like Cooley, he believed the self is a social product arising from relations with other people. At
first, however, as babies and young children, we are unable to interpret the meaning of
people’s behaviour. When children learn to attach meanings to their behaviour, they have
stepped outside themselves. Once children can think about themselves the same way they
might think about someone else, they begin to gain a sense of self.
The process of forming the self, according to Mead, occurs in three distinct stages. The first is
imitation. In this stage children copy the behaviour of adults without understanding it. A little
boy might ‘help’ his parents vacuum the floor by pushing a toy vacuum cleaner or even a stick
around the room.
During the play stage, children understand behaviours as actual roles- doctor, firefighter, and
race-car driver and so on and begin to take on those roles in their play. In doll play little children
frequently talk to the doll in both loving and scolding tones as if they were parents then answer
for the doll the way a child answers his or her parents.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
This shifting from one role to another builds children’s ability to give the same meanings to
their thoughts; and actions that other members of society give them-another important step in
the building of a self.
According to Mead, the self is compassed of two parts, the ‘I’ and the ‘me’ The ‘I’ is the
person’s response to other people and to society at large; the ‘me’ is a self-concept that
consists of how significant others – that is, relatives and friends-see the person. The ‘I’ thinks
about and reacts to the ‘me’ as well as to other people.
For instance, ‘I’ react to criticism by considering it carefully, sometimes changing and
sometimes not, depending on whether I think the criticism is valid. I know that people consider
‘me’ a fair person who’s always willing to listen. As they I trade off role in their play, children
gradually develop a ‘me’. Each time they see themselves from someone else’s viewpoint, they
practise responding to that impression.
During Mead’s third stage, the game stage, the child must learn what is expected not just by
one other person but by a whole group. On a baseball team, for example, each player follows a
set of rules and ideas that are common to the team and to baseball.
These attitudes of ‘other’ a faceless person “out there”, children judge their behaviour by
standards thought to be held by the “other out there”. Following the rules of a game of
baseball prepares children to follow the rules of the game of society as expressed in laws and
norms. By this stage, children have gained a social identity.
Jean Piaget:
A view quite different from Freud’s theory of personality has been proposed by Jean Piaget.
Piaget’s theory deals with cognitive development, or the process of learning how to think.
According to Piaget, each stage of cognitive development involves new skills that define the
limits of what can be learned. Children pass through these stages in a definite sequence, though
not necessarily with the same stage or thoroughness.
The first stage, from birth to about age 2, is the “sensorimotor stage”. During this period
children develop the ability to hold an image in their minds permanently. Before they reach this
stage. They might assume that an object ceases to exist when they don’t see it. Any baby-sitter
who has listened to small children screaming themselves to sleep after seeing their parents
leave, and six months later seen them happily wave good-bye, can testify to this developmental
stage.
The second stage, from about age 2 to age 7 is called the preoperational stage. During this
period children learn to tell the difference between symbols and their meanings. At the
beginning of this stage, children might be upset if someone stepped on a sand castle that
represents their own home. By the end of the stage, children understand the difference
between symbols and the object they represent.
From about age 7 to age 11, children learn to mentally perform certain tasks that they formerly
did by hand. Piaget calls this the “concrete operations stage”. For example, if children in this
stage are shown a row of six sticks and are asked to get the same number from the nearby
stack, they can choose six sticks without having to match each stick in the row to one in the
pile. Younger children, who haven’t learned the concrete operation of counting, actually line up
sticks from the pile next to the ones in the row in order to choose the correct number.
The last stage, from about age 12 to age 15, is the “stage of formal operations. Adolescents in
this stage can consider abstract mathematical, logical and moral problems and reason about
the future. Subsequent mental development builds on and elaborates the abilities and skills
gained during this stage.
Or
7. (b) Highlight the various Problems due to alcohol addiction among families.
 Neglect of important duties: Alcohol impairs one’s cognitive functions and physical
capabilities, and this, at some point, will likely result in neglect of responsibilities
associated with work, home life, and/or school.
 Needing time to nurse hangovers: Alcohol has various short-term side effects, such as
hangovers. The physical state of a hangover may be temporary, but it can significantly
disrupt a person’s ability to meet commitments as well as invite unhealthy behaviors,
such as poor eating and a lack of exercise.
 Encountering legal problems: Drinking can increase a person’s likelihood of getting into
fights, displaying disorderly conduct in public, driving under the influence, and becoming
involved in domestic disputes or violence.
 The inability to stop at will: Alcohol is an addictive substance and can lead to physical
dependence. Although a person who is physically dependent (i.e., has an increased
tolerance among other side effects) is not necessarily addicted, ongoing drinking is a
slippery slope that can lead to addiction.
As a result, the time, effort, and resources formerly dedicated to life-sustaining activities, such
as working and spending time with the family, are disrupted
2. (a) The impacts of Caste System in India- Give your Analytical views
3. Marriages: Most Indian marriages are arranged by parents. Several factors were
considered by them for finding the ideal spouse. Out of which, one’s caste is a
significant factor. People do not want their son or their daughter to marry a person from
another caste. Just like the word “untouchables” suggests, a Brahmin would never
marry a person from an SC or ST caste.
4. Education: Public universities have caste-based reservations for students coming from
underprivileged backgrounds. A person from this background can secure a seat in a top
tier college with par or below par academic scores based on reservation. However,
impoverished Brahmans are disadvantaged with this reservation system. For example, a
Brahman has to score 100% on certain exams to get into a top tier university. While the
lower caste applicant can even bypass the exam for getting a seat in the university.
5. Jobs: A significant amount of public sector jobs are allocated based on caste reservation.
Impoverished communities from Brahman backgrounds get affected significantly
because of this reservation.
Or
8. (b) Suggest ways to mitigate the Social media addiction among the children.
1. Set time limits for social media use: ...

2. Avoid using social media when you're feeling down: ...
3. Be aware of the triggers that make you want to use social media: ...
4. Find other activities to do instead of using social media: ...
5. Jogging To Repair he Body And Mind.
Conducted Date : 07-Nov-2022 Submitted 12-Dec-2022 Conducted Max. 10.00

RA2232261010001 7.60 76 RA2232261010002 7.80 78
RA2232261010003 7.80 78 RA2232261010004 6.80 68
RA2232261010005 6.80 68 RA2232261010006 5.10 51
RA2232261010007 6.00 60 RA2232261010008 6.40 64
RA2232261010009 7.70 77 RA2232261010010 7.80 78
RA2232261010011 6.00 60 RA2232261010012 7.60 76
RA2232261010013 6.30 63 RA2232261010014 6.70 67
RA2232261010015 6.80 68 RA2232261010018 7.70 77
RA2232261010019 7.40 74 RA2232261010020 6.90 69
RA2232261010021 6.10 61 RA2232261010022 7.00 70
RA2232261010023 5.00 50 RA2232261010024 6.30 63
RA2232261010025 7.30 73 RA2232261010026 6.80 68
RA2232261010027 7.10 71 RA2232261010028 5.00 50
RA2232261010029 5.00 50 RA2232261010030 6.70 67
RA2232261010031 5.10 51 RA2232261010033 6.10 61
RA2232261010034 7.40 74 RA2232261010035 7.20 72
RA2232261010036 5.50 55 RA2232261010037 5.10 51

Total Absentees 2
0-49 0
Total No. of 0
50-59 7
Pass Mark 50
60-69 14
Pass Percentage 94
70-79 13
80-89 0
90-100 0

SIGNATURE OF HOD
(Dr. RACHEL S)
Model Examination-November-2022 Duration:3 Hrs
Sociology Course Code: PWS21104T
Part-A
Answer Any Five Questions 5 X5=25 Marks
1. Highlight the characteristics of Sociology

2. Differentiate competition and cooperation
3. Write short notes on the different causes of conflict
4. Write on the characteristics of community
5. Justify how family as an agency helps in the process of socialization
6. Differentiate Culture and CIvilization
7. Write short notes on the Modern family.
8. Explain briefly the disadvantages of Migration.
Part-B 5X 15=75 Marks
9.a Sketch the Relevance of sociology in Social work
(or)
9.b Sociology is important for everyday life-Justify
10.a Explain in detail the characteristics and Roles of Community in development
(or)
10.b Elaborate on the Social Systems
11.a Elucidate the process of Socialisation
(or)
11.b Critically examine the Disintegration of Joint family system in India
12.a Discuss the functions of social Stratifications
(or)
12.b Elaborate on the impact of casteism in India
13.a Suggest suitable measures to reduce Unemployment
(or)
13.b Social Media Addiction is on the rise- Comment your thoughts to mitigate
Model Examination-November-2022 Duration:3 Hrs
Sociology Course Code: PWS21104T
Part-A
Answer Any Five Questions 5 X5=25 Marks

6. Differentiate Culture and CIvilization
7. Write short notes on the Modern family.
8. Explain briefly the disadvantages of Migration.
Part-B 5X 15=75 Marks
(or)
(or)
(or)
11.b Critically examine the Disintegration of Joint family system in India
12.a Discuss the functions of social Stratifications
(or)
12.b Elaborate on the impact of casteism in India
13.a Suggest suitable measures to reduce Unemployment
(or)
13.b Social Media Addiction is on the rise- Comment your thoughts to mitigate
Conducted Date : 01-Dec-2022 Submitted 12-Dec-2022 Conducted Max. 20.00

RA2232261010001 15.90 80 RA2232261010002 15.20 76
RA2232261010003 16.00 80 RA2232261010004 12.70 64
RA2232261010005 13.50 68 RA2232261010006 11.60 58
RA2232261010007 10.00 50 RA2232261010008 15.90 80
RA2232261010009 12.90 65 RA2232261010010 15.70 79
RA2232261010011 10.00 50 RA2232261010012 15.60 78
RA2232261010013 11.60 58 RA2232261010014 13.50 68
RA2232261010015 11.70 59 RA2232261010018 15.00 75
RA2232261010019 14.10 71 RA2232261010020 14.80 74
RA2232261010021 12.30 62 RA2232261010022 14.80 74
RA2232261010023 11.80 59 RA2232261010024 13.20 66
RA2232261010025 15.80 79 RA2232261010026 15.70 79
RA2232261010027 15.40 77 RA2232261010028 10.40 52
RA2232261010029 10.00 50 RA2232261010030 13.40 67
RA2232261010031 14.70 74 RA2232261010033 15.50 78
RA2232261010034 15.40 77 RA2232261010035 12.60 63
RA2232261010036 10.60 53 RA2232261010037 10.00 50

Total Absentees 2
0-49 0
Total No. of 0
50-59 10
Pass Mark 50
60-69 8
Pass Percentage 94
70-79 13
80-89 3
90-100 0

SIGNATURE OF HOD
(Dr. RACHEL S)
Assignment on
History of
Psychology Aarushi
Sreethu
Jovitha
George
Page |1
 Structuralism was founded by Edward B.

Titchener - the student of Wilhelm Wundt.
 Structuralism was based on the idea that the

task of psychology is to analyze consciousness
into its basic elements and investigate how
these elements are related.
 Just as physicists were studying how matter is

made up of basic particles, the structuralists
wanted to identify and examine the
fundamental components of conscious
experience, such sensations, feelings and
images (conception).
 Human beings respond to their sensation and

perception, so structuralists explored
questions related to sensation and perception
in vision, hearing and touch.
 To examine the contents of consciousness, the

structuralists used a method called
introspection or the careful, systematic self –
observation of one’s own conscious
experience.
Introspection – “Intro” means “within”
“Spection” means “looking”
Page |2
Functionalism was founded by William James,

an American scholar because he took a different
view of psychology’s task.
Functionalism was based on the belief that

psychology should investigate the function or
purpose of consciousness, rather than its
structure.
William James argued that human

consciousness is not like a physical or chemical
component, it is like a “stream” hence he called it
as “stream of consciousness” and it consists of a
continuous flow of thoughts so one can never
break consciousness into its basic elements.
Therefore, he asserted that psychologists should

study only the “functions of consciousness” rather than
the “structure of consciousness”.
Functionalists used systematic observation as their

method of investigation. And they were more interested
in how people adapt their behaviour to the demands of
the real world around them. So they began to
investigate mental testing, patterns of development in
children, the effectiveness of educational practices, and
behavioural differences between the sexes – the
practical questions of human behaviour.
Page |3
 Gestalt psychology was founded by Max

Wertheimer in 1912 in Germany
 Gestalt psychology was based on the

belief that the whole is greater than the
sum of its parts.
 Gestalt is German word which means

“form” or “shape” or “configuration”.
The exact meaning is that the whole is
greater than the sum of its parts.
 An example of this fundamental principle

is provided by the phi phenomenon, first
described by Wertheimer. The phi
phenomenon is the illusion of movement
created by presenting visual stimuli in
rapid succession.
 According to Gestalt psychologists human

beings have a tendency to organize the
bits and pieces of information into a
meaningful whole in order to understand
their external world.
Page |4
Behaviourism was founded by John B.

Watson in 1913.
Behaviourism is a school of psychology based

on the premise that scientific psychology should
study only observable behaviour.
He redefined the definition of psychology

because the power of science rests on the
verifiability. The scientific facts can be verified
(proved or disproved) by anyone who is able and
willing to make the required observations.
For Watson mental processes cannot be

proved or disproved by a scientific approach after
all, no one can see or touch another’s thoughts.
Since, then psychologists abandon the study of

consciousness altogether and focus exclusively on
behaviour that they could observe directly.
Page |5
Behaviour refers to any overt (observable)

response or activity by an organism. And
according to behaviorists behaviour is caused only
by environment, they came out with a principle
called S-R principle (stimulus – response
principle).
A stimulus is any detectable input from the

environment. And a response refers to any
reaction, action or activity by an organism.
This approach is otherwise called as S – R

approach or telephonic approach.
Page |6
Table shows the three early schools of psychology
Schools and Principal Subject Basic

its influential contributors matter premise
period
Structuralism Wilhelm Structure of The content
(1875 – 1930) Wundt, Consciousness of conscious
Edward experience
Titchener. can be
analyzed
into its basic
elements.
Functionalism William Functions of The
(1890 – 1930) James, G. consciousness adaptive
Stanley purposes of
Hall, James conscious
Mckeen, experience
Cattell. are more
important
than its
structure.
Gestalt Max Organization Conscious
psychology Wertheimer, of experience
(1912 - 1940) Kurt consciousness and
Koffka, perceptions
Wolfgang are more
Kohler. than the
sum of their
parts.
Page |7
Sigmund Freud founded the school of psycho

– analysis.
Freud treated people troubled by

psychological problems such as irrational fears,
obsessions and anxieties with an innovative
procedure he called psychoanalysis.
Psycho analytic theory attempts to explain

personality, motivation, and mental disorders by
focusing on unconscious determinants of
behaviour.
Unconscious mind contains thoughts,

memories and desires that are well below the
surface of conscious awareness but that
nonetheless exert great influence on behaviour.
He believed that our slips of tongue, dreams

often reflect our unconscious mind.
He proposed that our unconscious mind is the

storehouse of unfulfilled wishes and desires
particularly the sexual urges. Thus he concluded
that human behaviour is caused by the sexual
urges and how we cope up with these sexual urges.
Page |8
Carl Rogers founded the school of humanism

in the 1950,s as a reaction against behaviourism
and psycho analysis.
In psychology, Humanism is a theoretical

orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of
humans, especially their freedom and their
potential for personal growth.
According to humanistic psychology human

beings have vast resources and potentials to put
themselves in the right path in their life provided
if there is a conducive environment.
Humanists take an optimistic view of human

nature. And human behaviour is governed
primarily by each individual’s sense of self, or
“self – concept”.
Human beings have a fundamental drive for
personal growth and they want to fulfill their
potentials. In fact, the humanist argued that many
psychological disturbances are the result of
thwarting these uniquely human needs.
Thus, Carl Rogers brought out an innovative
therapy called client – centered therapy or non –
directive therapy.
Page |9
Cognition refers to the mental processes

involved in acquiring knowledge. In other words,
cognition involves thinking or conscious
experience.
For many decades, the dominance of
behaviourism discouraged investigation of
“unobservable” mental processes, and most
psychologists showed little interest in cognition.
But, major progress in the study of children’s
cognitive development (Piaget, 1954), memory
(Miller, 1956), language (Chomsky, 1957), and
problem solving (Simon, 1958) triggered an
interest in cognitive psychology.
Since then, cognitive theorists have argued

that psychology must study internal mental events
to fully understand behaviour.
S O R
Creativity
Memory
Reasoning Language
Intelligence
P a g e | 10
Biological approach (perspective) maintains that

much of human and animal behaviour can be
explained in terms of the bodily structures and
biochemical processes that allow organisms to
behave.
The 1950s and 1960s also saw many discoveries
that highlighted the interrelations among mind, body,
and behaviour.
Psychologists demonstrated that electrical
stimulation of the brain could evoke emotional
responses such as pleasure and rage in animals (Jose
Delgado, olds, 1956)
Other work showed that the right and left halves
of the brain are specialized to handle different types
of mental tasks (Gazzaniga, Bogan, & Sperry, 1965).
Excitement was also generated by the finding
that people can exert some self – control over internal
physiological processes, including electrical activity
in the brain, through a strategy called bio – feedback
(Kamiya, 1969).
Thus, psychology has returned to its basic roots
i.e., the renewed interest in cognition (consciousness)
and physiology.
Conducted Date : 18-Oct-2022 Submitted 12-Dec-2022 Conducted Max. 10.00

RA2232261010001 8.00 80 RA2232261010002 8.00 80
RA2232261010003 8.00 80 RA2232261010004 8.00 80
RA2232261010005 8.00 80 RA2232261010006 7.00 70
RA2232261010007 7.00 70 RA2232261010008 8.00 80
RA2232261010009 8.00 80 RA2232261010010 7.00 70
RA2232261010011 8.00 80 RA2232261010012 8.00 80
RA2232261010013 8.00 80 RA2232261010014 7.00 70
RA2232261010015 7.00 70 RA2232261010018 8.00 80
RA2232261010019 7.00 70 RA2232261010020 7.00 70
RA2232261010021 8.00 80 RA2232261010022 7.00 70
RA2232261010023 7.00 70 RA2232261010024 7.00 70
RA2232261010025 8.00 80 RA2232261010026 8.00 80
RA2232261010027 7.00 70 RA2232261010028 6.00 60
RA2232261010029 6.00 60 RA2232261010030 7.00 70
RA2232261010031 7.00 70 RA2232261010033 6.00 60
RA2232261010034 8.00 80 RA2232261010035 6.00 60
RA2232261010036 7.00 70 RA2232261010037 6.00 60

Total Absentees 2
0-49 0
Total No. of 0
50-59 0
Pass Mark 50
60-69 5
Pass Percentage 94
70-79 14
80-89 15
90-100 0

SIGNATURE OF HOD
(Dr. RACHEL S)
Sociology
S.No Reg.no Name of the student CT1 CT1-10 CT-2
1 RA2232261010001 SWATHIKA SHREE.S 41 8.2 38
2 RA2232261010002 GAJA PRIYA.K 41 8.2 39
3 RA2232261010003 SREETHU.SP 39 7.8 39
4 RA2232261010004 RHITHIKA.M 33.5 6.7 34
5 RA2232261010005 HRIDYA JAMES 36 7.2 34
6 RA2232261010006 HEMAMBIKA.V 29.5 5.9 25.5
7 RA2232261010007 SRINATH.P 25 5 30
8 RA2232261010008 AARUSHI UNMESHVANIYARAKKAL 40.5 8.1 32
9 RA2232261010009 ORAVANTHRITHIL SREELAKSHMY PRAJOTH 35 7 38.5
10 RA2232261010010 GLORY VICTORIA KEZIAHYAL.M 34.5 6.9 39
11 RA2232261010011 IMMANUEL 25 5 30
12 RA2232261010012 DEEPIKA.R 41 8.2 38
13 RA2232261010013 ALBHEN RANJITH ROCHE.B 0
14 RA2232261010014 SATHISH.V 40 8 33.5
15 RA2232261010015 KAMESH.E 34 6.8 35
16 RA2232261010018 YOGESH.K 37.5 7.5 38.5
17 RA2232261010019 DEEPAK.R 25 5 37
18 RA2232261010020 ANTONY SAGAYA RAJAN.A 41 8.2 34.5
19 RA2232261010021 EDWIN.A 25 5 30.5
20 RA2232261010022 HARI PRASAD.L.S 39.5 7.9 35
21 RA2232261010023 JAYAGANESH.K 25 5 25
22 RA2232261010024 BEBICSHEJO.S.G 31.5 6.3 31.5
23 RA2232261010025 JOVITHA.S 41.5 8.3 36.5
24 RA2232261010026 NIVETHITHA SREE.S.A 26 5.2 34
25 RA2232261010027 AMIRTHAVALLI.R 40.5 8.1 35.5
26 RA2232261010028 VARUN.S 25 5 25
27 RA2232261010029 GEORGE PRASANNA.W 25 5 25
28 RA2232261010030 VYSHMA.C.V 31 6.2 33.5
29 RA2232261010031 SANGEETHA.D 33.5 6.7 26
30 RA2232261010033 SUKANYA.K.S 33.5 6.7 30.5
31 RA2232261010034 ANNAMARIYA.V.S 40 8 37
32 RA2232261010035 D.SAIJANANI 38.5 7.7 36
33 RA2232261010036 NITHISH KUMAR.S 25 5 27.5
34 RA2232261010037 LALLESH S.NAIR 25 5 25.5
CT2/10 Mod Mod/20 Assg Total Roundoff
7.6 79.5 15.9 8 39.7 40
7.8 76 15.2 8 39.2 39
7.8 80 16 8 39.6 40
6.8 63.5 12.7 8 34.2 34
6.8 67.5 13.5 8 35.5 36
5.1 58 11.6 7 29.6 30
6 50 10 7 28 28
6.4 79.5 15.9 8 38.4 38
7.7 64.5 12.9 8 35.6 36
7.8 78.5 15.7 7 37.4 37
6 50 10 8 29 29
7.6 78 15.6 8 39.4 39
0 0 0
6.7 67.5 13.5 7 35.2 35
7 58.5 11.7 7 32.5 32
7.7 75 15 8 38.2 38
7.4 70.5 14.1 7 33.5 34
6.9 74 14.8 7 36.9 37
6.1 61 12.2 8 31.3 31
7 74 14.8 7 36.7 37
5 59 11.8 7 28.8 29
6.3 66 13.2 7 32.8 33
7.3 79 15.8 8 39.4 39
6.8 78.5 15.7 8 35.7 36
7.1 77 15.4 7 37.6 38
5 52 10.4 6 26.4 26
5 50 10 6 26 26
6.7 67 13.4 7 33.3 33
5.2 73.5 14.7 7 33.6 34
6.1 77.5 15.5 6 34.3 34
7.4 77 15.4 8 38.8 39
7.2 63 12.6 6 33.5 34
5.5 53 10.6 7 28.1 28
5.1 48 9.6 6 25.7 26
Answer all the questions
Part-A 5X5=25

 Sociology is an independent science
 Sociology is a social science and not a physical science
 Sociology is a pure science and not an applied science
 Sociology is an abstract science and not a concrete science
 Sociology is a categorical and not a normative discipline
 Sociology is a generalising and not a particularising science
 Sociology is a general science and not a special social science
 Sociology is both a rational and empirical science

 Cooperation
 Refers to a form of social interaction where two or more persons work together to gain a
common end. one can go to any extent to help others
 Requires qualities such as kindness , sympathy , concern .
 Brings people satisfaction
 Competition
 Have their own limitations. Bound by norms. limitless/unregulated competitions can
cause much harm
 Requires qualities such as aspirations , self confidence . spirit of adventure.
 Can cause satisfaction/ dissatisfaction , anxiety indefiniteness and uncertainties

 Information
 Miscommunication
 Resources
 Relationships
 Interests and Needs
 Structures
 Power
 Governance
 Rights
 Culture
 Ideology
 Religion
 Identity
 Values
 A group of people
 A definite locality
 Community Sentiment
 Naturality
 Permanence
 Similarity
 Wider Ends
 Total organised social life
 A Particular Name
 No Legal Status
 Primary Socialization -Stages Of Socialization

 Oral Stage: Indl. Builds Up Definite Expectations About Feeding Time & Learns To
Signal His Needs For Care
 3-4 Yrs. Anal Stage: is trained to take some degree of care of self such as toilet training
 5OEDIPAL STAGE :from 4rs to puberty, all the roles in the family prescribed according
to sex are internalized by the child
 Secondary Socialization: Starts from latter stage of childhhood & goes up to maturity.
 Anticipatory Socialization: Is described towards the future of an individual.
 It occurs when people anticipate their own participation in situation imagining how others
would feel, think & behave.
 Participate in a social situation by watching how others would behave in that situation.
6. Write briefly on the role of culture in shaping the personality of an Individual.
 Culture consists of both material and non-material elements. According to Ogbum, both
of these elements have a bearing on personality.By way of illustrating the influence of
material elements of culture, he referred to the influence of plumbing on the formation of
habits and attitudes favourable to cleanliness and to the relation of clocks to punctuality.
 The difference in the personality of an American Indian from that of a white American in
the matter of punctuality may be traced to differences in the material elements of their
culture.
 Culture exists in the minds or habits of the members of society. Culture is the shared
ways of doing and thinking.
7. Write short notes on the functions of family.
 Primary functions -
 Stable satisfaction of sex needs
 Procreation & rearing of children
 Provision of home
 Socialisation function
 Affectional function
 Secondary Functions-
 Economic function
 Educational function
 Religious function
 Recreational function
 Health function
8. Explain briefly the disadvantages of population Explosion.
 Population reduces the Rate of Capital Formation

 Higher Rate of Population requires more Investment
 It reduces per Capita Availability of Capital
 Adverse Effect on per Capital Income
 Large Population creates the Problem of Unemployment
 Rapid Population Growth creates Food Problem
Part-B 5X 15=75
 Social work is a profession concerned with the aim to solve personal, family, community
problems to attain satisfying personal, group and common relationships through social
work practice.
 Sociology is the scientific study of society. It focuses on human interaction & inter-
relationship between different groups, resources & development in the society.
 Social work deals with the individual and social problems in reference to the theoretical
knowledge of sociology.
 Both sociology and social work look at the society as a network of social relationship.
Sociology provides scientific analyze of society and social problems whereas,
 Social work provides most scientific and suitable means and methods to help people with
problems.
 Sociology means understanding & classifying problems while; by analyzing those
problems, Social work solves it.
 Studying sociology provides a better understanding of the following:

 Reasons for social differences, including differences in social behavior.
 Reasons for the differentials in group opportunities and outcomes.
 The relevance of social hierarchies and social power in everyday life.
 How individuals and groups are shaped by larger social forces.
 The role of social institutions.
 The role of social structure.
 Characteristics:
 Locality (definite geographical area)
 Group of people
 Community sentiment
 Naturality
 Size: village, neighbourhood e.g.,for small community
 Nation an example for large community
 The major components of social structure are statuses,

 roles
 social networks
 groups and organizations
 social institutions and
 society
 Imitation: Is copying the act of others.

 Can be conscious/unconscious, spontaneous/deliberate
 Suggestion: Is a process of communication in which the suggested ideas are accepted
without logical grounds.
 A child lacks in thinking and reasoning, hence can be suggestible
 Identification: In the early age a child cannot distinguish b/w himself & environment.
 Most of the initial reactions are natural & sponatenous.
 As growing, he learns to identify
 Language: It is the medium of expression
 Thus in the process of learning, language is important.
11.b Compare and Contrast the types of family
Basis Types
Authority or power Matriarchal
Patriarchal
egalitarian
Depth of generation Joint family
Nuclear family
Residence Matrilocal
Patrilocal
Changing residence
Marriage Polygynous (one male marrying more than one female)
Polyandrous ( one female marrying more than one person)
Monogamous
12.a Compare Social Mobility and Social Class.
 Horizontal mobility
 This occurs when a person changes their occupation but their overall social standing
remains unchanged.
 Vertical mobility
 This refers to a change in the occupational, political, or religious status of a person that
causes a change in their societal position.
 Upward mobility
 This is when a person moves from a lower position in society to a higher one.
 Downward mobility
 Downward mobility takes place when a person moves from a higher position in society to
a lower one.
Social Class
 Class system is based on occupation, wealth, education, age and sex.

 Hierarchy of status group. In general there are 3 class – upper middle & tower. Status,
prestige & role is attached. Upper class are less in no in comparison to the other two
whereas their status & prestige is most. This is like a pyramid. Karl max (Rich & poor)
preliterate &
 Feeling of superiority & inferiority. In these 3 classes there are such feelings the upper
class people feel they are superior to the other two whereas the lower class feels it is
inferior to the upper class.
 Class consciousness – wherever a class is formed this feeling a consciousness is a must.
There should be feeling of in group
12.b Elaborate on the modern trends in Caste system
 The low caste people by following the way of life of the high caste people are trying to
change their position.
 There is decline in the supremacy of Brahmins.
 There is growing dissociation between caste and hereditary occupation.
 There is improvement in the socio-economic conditions of lower caste people.
 People are no more identified according to their caste identity or ascriptive status
 The number of inter-caste marriages is increasing day by day.
13.a Discuss different ways to prevent child Labour
 Free education -If free education for one and all is made mandatory by the government,
then to some extent it helps to check child labour.
 Awareness- If a good awareness is created among citizens for eliminating child labour
then it can be stopped to a large extent.
 Empowerment to poor people - Children from poor families are most likely to get
involved in child labour cases.
 Strict Child Labour law - Indian Government on their part has done a fascinating work in
carrying on their mission of eliminating child labour from India.
 Moral education to parents and children - There is an urgent need for making education
mandatory, not only for children but equally for parents to bring in a bigger perspective
regarding the upbringing of their children.
 Social Awareness - The citizens, on moral grounds should not rope in younger children
less than age of 14 and force them into household activities or other workshop related
work.
13.b Women Empowerment is essential for holistic Development- Comment
 Women across the world are actively working as a leader and surpassing others in all the
spheres of life.
 Ensures Holistic Development of Society- women are playing numerous roles in
meadows such as medical, engineering, and so on.
 To develop India as a superpower the development of women is equally important and it
should be a priority to give her a chance to develop herself. To achieve it we should focus
mainly on the education of girls. Moreover, they also get equal pay to the men for equal
work.
 Women are key managers of natural resources and powerful agents of change.
 With women empowered to play a full part in decision-making at all levels, else ,
environmental sustainability will remain only a distant goal.
 Women's empowerment improves women's position via literacy, education, training,
and awareness-raising. Furthermore, women's empowerment refers to women's ability
to make strategic life decisions previously unavailable to them. Women's empowerment
is currently a top development priority.
SRM Institute of Science and Techn
Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai - 6
College of Science and Humaniti
Academic Year (2022-2023) Odd sem
Direct Attainment: AAO Form for Internal
Programme: MSW
Regulation: 2021-22
Course Code and Title: PWS21104T-So
CLA 1
Q 1-4 &
S.No Reg. No Name of the Student 10 (a) & (b)
CO
1&2
50
1 RA2232261010001 SWATHIKA SHREE.S 41

2 RA2232261010002 GAJA PRIYA.K 41
3 RA2232261010003 SREETHU.SP 39
4 RA2232261010004 RHITHIKA.M 33.5
5 RA2232261010005 HRIDYA JAMES 36
6 RA2232261010006 HEMAMBIKA.V 29.5
7 RA2232261010007 SRINATH.P 25
8 RA2232261010008 AARUSHI UNMESHVANIYARAKKAL 40.5
9 RA2232261010009 ORAVANTHRITHIL SREELAKSHMY PRAJOTH 35
10 RA2232261010010 GLORY VICTORIA KEZIAHYAL.M 34.5
11 RA2232261010011 IMMANUEL 25
12 RA2232261010012 DEEPIKA.R 41
13 RA2232261010014 SATHISH.V 40
14 RA2232261010015 KAMESH.E 34
15 RA2232261010018 YOGESH.K 37.5
16 RA2232261010019 DEEPAK.R 25
17 RA2232261010020 ANTONY SAGAYA RAJAN.A 41
18 RA2232261010021 EDWIN.A 25
19 RA2232261010022 HARI PRASAD.L.S 39.5
20 RA2232261010023 JAYAGANESH.K 25
21 RA2232261010024 BEBICSHEJO.S.G 31.5
22 RA2232261010025 JOVITHA.S 41.5
23 RA2232261010026 NIVETHITHA SREE.S.A 26
24 RA2232261010027 AMIRTHAVALLI.R 40.5
25 RA2232261010028 VARUN.S 25
26 RA2232261010029 GEORGE PRASANNA.W 25
27 RA2232261010030 VYSHMA.C.V 31
28 RA2232261010031 SANGEETHA.D 33.5
29 RA2232261010033 SUKANYA.K.S 33.5
30 RA2232261010034 ANNAMARIYA.V.S 40
31 RA2232261010035 D.SAIJANANI 38.5
32 RA2232261010036 NITHISH KUMAR.S 25
33 RA2232261010037 LALLESH S.NAIR 25
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of Science and Technology
Campus, Chennai - 603 203 Threshold in %
Science and Humanities
ment of Social Work 50
(2022-2023) Odd semester
AAO Form for Internal Assesment
ogramme: MSW
ulation: 2021-22
Title: PWS21104T-Sociology Total Student Atten
Theory Total Students Achi

CLA 2 CLA 3 CLA 4 Percentage Percentage
Q 5-9 & Q
11 (a) & (b) 1 through 15
CO Attainment
CO
CO 1 to 5 CO 5 CLA 1 CLA 2 CLA 3 CLA 4
3&4
50 100 10 % % % %
38 79.5 8 82 76 80 80 Note
39 76 8 82 78 76 80 * All red cells can be chan
39 80 8 78 78 80 80 * The subject in charges a
34 63.5 8 67 68 64 80 Marks. All CO PO calcula
34 67.5 8 72 68 68 80
25.5 58 7 59 51 58 70
30 50 7 50 60 50 70 Caution : Since Many
32 79.5 8 81 64 80 80
38.5 64.5 8 70 77 65 80
39 78.5 7 69 78 79 70
30 50 8 50 60 50 80
38 78 8 82 76 78 80
33.5 67.5 7 80 67 68 70
35 58.5 7 68 70 59 70
38.5 75 8 75 77 75 80
37 70.5 7 50 74 71 70
34.5 74 7 82 69 74 70
30.5 61 8 50 61 61 80
35 74 7 79 70 74 70
25 59 7 50 50 59 70
31.5 66 7 63 63 66 70
36.5 79 8 83 73 79 80
34 78.5 8 52 68 79 80
35.5 77 7 81 71 77 70
25 52 6 50 50 52 60
25 50 6 50 50 50 60
33.5 67 7 62 67 67 70
26 73.5 7 67 52 74 70
30.5 77.5 6 67 61 78 60
37 77 8 80 74 77 80
36 63 6 77 72 63 60
27.5 53 7 50 55 53 70
25.5 48 6 50 51 48 60
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
CO Attainment
Rubrics
if 80 % of the sudents got > 50 marks then attainment level = 3
if 70% of the students got more than 50 marks then attainment level = 2
if 60 % of the students got more than50 marks then attainment level is 1
CLA 1 CLA 2 CLA 3 CLA 4
Total Student Attended 33 33 33 33
Total Students Achieved Threshold 24 30 29 33

73 91 88 100
CO Attainment 2 3 3 3
* All red cells can be changed according to the requirement

* The subject in charges are asked to enter only Student Register Number, Name, and
All CO PO calculations will be done automatically.
Caution : Since Many Cells has formula, please don’t enter any value except
the mentioned cells
Academic Year (2022-2023) Odd semester
Direct Attainment: AAO Form for Semester Examination
Part A - 10 Questions
(Q1 through Q10)
Programme: (2 questions from each unit)
(2 x 10= 20)
Regulation : 2020
Course Code and Title: PART B - 5 Questions
(with internal choices from each unit)
(16 x 5 = 80)
Mark
S.No Reg. No Name of the Student Grade
(100)
1 RA2232261010001 SWATHIKA SHREE.S A 75.5
2 RA2232261010002 GAJA PRIYA.K A 75.5
3 RA2232261010003 SREETHU.SP A 75.5
4 RA2232261010004 RHITHIKA.M B+ 65.5
5 RA2232261010005 HRIDYA JAMES A 75.5
6 RA2232261010006 HEMAMBIKA.V B+ 65.5
7 RA2232261010007 SRINATH.P B+ 65.5
8 RA2232261010008 AARUSHI UNMESHVANIYARAKKAL A 75.5
9 RA2232261010009 ORAVANTHRITHIL SREELAKSHMY PRAJOTH A 75.5
10 RA2232261010010 GLORY VICTORIA KEZIAHYAL.M A 75.5
11 RA2232261010011 IMMANUEL B+ 65.5
12 RA2232261010012 DEEPIKA.R A 75.5
13 RA2232261010014 SATHISH.V A 75.5
14 RA2232261010015 KAMESH.E A 75.5
15 RA2232261010018 YOGESH.K A 75.5
16 RA2232261010019 DEEPAK.R B+ 65.5
17 RA2232261010020 ANTONY SAGAYA RAJAN.A B+ 65.5
18 RA2232261010021 EDWIN.A B 58
19 RA2232261010022 HARI PRASAD.L.S B+ 65.5
20 RA2232261010023 JAYAGANESH.K C 52.5
21 RA2232261010024 BEBICSHEJO.S.G B+ 65.5
22 RA2232261010025 JOVITHA.S A 75.5
23 RA2232261010026 NIVETHITHA SREE.S.A A 75.5
24 RA2232261010027 AMIRTHAVALLI.R A 75.5
25 RA2232261010028 VARUN.S B 58
26 RA2232261010029 GEORGE PRASANNA.W B+ 65.5
27 RA2232261010030 VYSHMA.C.V A 75.5
28 RA2232261010031 SANGEETHA.D A 75.5
29 RA2232261010033 SUKANYA.K.S A 75.5
30 RA2232261010034 ANNAMARIYA.V.S A 75.5
31 RA2232261010035 D.SAIJANANI A 75.5
32 RA2232261010036 NITHISH KUMAR.S B 58
33 RA2232261010037 LALLESH S.NAIR B 58
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51
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61
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69
70
CO Attainment SE
Threshold Rubric
if 80 % of the sudents got > 50 marks then attainment level = 3

if 70% of the students got more than 50 marks then attainment level = 2
50
if 60 % of the students got more than50 marks then attainment level is 1
SE
Total Student Attended 33
Total Students Achieved Threshold 33
Percentage 100
CO Attainment 3
GRADE Note:
O * All red cells can be changed
according to the requirement
A+
* The subject in charges are asked to
A enter only Student Register Number,
B+ Name, and Grade. All CO PO
B calculations will be done automatically.
C
P
F
Caution : Since Many Cells has formula, please don’t enter any value
except the mentioned cells
Department of Computer Applications
CO Attainment
Programme: MSW
Regulation: 2021-22
Course Code and Title: PWS21104T-Sociology
CIA SE
CO/Test CLA 1 CLA 2 CLA 3 CLA 4 Attainment
50%
10% 10% 20% 10%
CO1 2 0 3 0 3 2.875
CO2 2 0 3 0 3 2.875
CO3 0 3 3 0 3 3
CO4 0 3 3 0 3 3
CO5 0 0 3 3 3 3
No Need to Enter Any Value in this Page
Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai - 603 203
Academic Year (2022-2023) ODD semester
PO Attainment
Programme: MSW
Regulation: 2021-22
PROGRAM OUTCOMES (PO)

COURSE
S.NO PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO 10 PO 11 PO 12 PO 13 PO 14 PO 15
OUTCOMES
1 2.875 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2.875 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
5 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
6 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
PO Attainment 2.88 3 0 2.88 3 2.96 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0

* Enter only PO values in this page
* Every CO needs to map to at least one PO
* Every CO may map to atmost two PO , for
theory courses
* Every CO can address upto 3 PO, for laboratory
courses
Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai - 603 203
Direct Attainment: Overall CO PO Attainment
Programme: MSW
Regulation: 2021-22
Assesment Marks
Internal Assessment 50%
Semster Examination 50%
Overall CO Attainment
PO CO 1 CO 2 CO 3 CO 4 CO 5
PO Attainment 2.88 2.88 3 3 3
Overall PO Attainment
PO PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO 10 PO 11 PO 12 PO 13 PO 14 PO 15
PO Attainment 2.88 3 0 2.88 3 2.96 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0

No Need to Enter Any Value in this Page
Remedial measures were given to the following students
Academic Year-2022-23 Sem-1
RA2232261010007 SRINATH.P
RA2232261010011 IMMANUEL
RA2232261010019 DEEPAK.R
RA2232261010021 EDWIN.A
RA2232261010023 JAYAGANESH.K
RA2232261010028 VARUN.S
RA2232261010029 GEORGE PRASANNA.W
RA2232261010036 NITHISH KUMAR.S
RA2232261010037 LALLESH S.NAIR
Remedial measures were given to the following students-CLA-2
RA2232261010023 JAYAGANESH.K
RA2232261010028 VARUN.S
RA2232261010029 GEORGE PRASANNA.W
Social worker role in climate change and disaster
management
JayaGanesh Reg.No. RA2232261010023
Social workers assist individuals and families in recognizing, understanding, and managing
health consequences of climate change. They also help clients to address health issues,
environmental barriers, and build resilience. Provide resources to learn and get involved.
It can be challenging to establish a direct connection between climate events and our daily lives
when these concepts feel distant and people may feel that they are unable to contribute to solutions.
However, becoming prepared and learning to mitigate the negative consequences of climate
change can make people feel empowered. Social workers can help clients recognize and address
emotional, health, and environmental factors to improve their well-being. The professional
commitment to underserved and vulnerable populations necessitates that social workers are
knowledgeable about climate change and its effects on people. The environmental perspective of
social workers should be inclusive of the natural environment, not only social and familial systems.
Gradually, climate change threatens our environment and patterns of living. Communities with
less resources and capital are likely to be disproportionately affected by the negative effects of
climate change in the United States and worldwide. The framework of environmental justice
(www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice) is essential to guide practice and policy responses to climate
change.
Physical Health : Physical health is affected by various environmental Factors. For example, the
quality of the air has an Impact on daily life. Ozone and particulate Pollution are dangerous to
breathe and contribute To asthma, respiratory infections, and impaired Lung function. Scientific
Understanding of the effect of pollution on chronic Diseases and internal organs such as the brain,
Liver, and heart is also developing. Extreme temperatures affect functioning and can Be
particularly dangerous for vulnerable groups, Such as older adults, children, and individuals With
chronic health conditions. Certain populations With more exposure to the elements are at greater
Risk, for example, individuals who work outside Or those without air conditioning in the home.
Mental Health : Preparing for, adapting to, and responding to climate events can contribute to
mental health issues like chronic stress, anxiety, and depression. The mental health impacts of
extreme weather events include posttraumatic stress disorder, feelings of loss and grief, and long-
term emotional and social consequences. For children who experience extreme weather events,
distress and anxiety can persist and affect healthy development. A rise in extreme temperatures
may limit the Enjoyable outdoor activities that individuals take Part in for emotional and physical
health . For Certain populations, such as farmers and Agricultural workers, climate change can
have a Direct effect on employment and economic Stability. New studies have linked stress,
Depression, and suicide with higher temperatures And predict that suicide rates are likely to rise
With global warming.
Community Level : The incidence of extreme weather events like Hurricanes, tornadoes, and
floods is increasing, And a warmer climate will bring stronger, more Frequent storms. In addition
to physical health Risks and lingering mental health consequences, These events strain community
resources. Natural Disasters cause displacement and can affect Community infrastructure. States
and cities are taking action to anticipate These events. They are establishing adaption plans,
Circulating information that is accessible in native Languages of community members, and
planning For the needs of particular communities, including People with disabilities who have
specific service Needs.
Social work approaches to integrating environmental issues into practice include:
• Consider environmental contributors to presenting health issue.In relation to presenting health

issues (for example, asthma, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD])
consider the environmental factors that may exacerbate the condition and discuss them with the
client or family. Identify accessible resources and tangible solutions to address them—for example
assistance with heating and cooling indoor spaces for older adults with COPD. For children and
adults with asthma, consider indoor pollution sources (such as tobacco smoke, pests) and outdoor
sources. There are available resources that track outdoor air quality and can be consulted to make
decisions about when and how long children play outside.
• Encourage clients to begin the conversation with treating medical professionals. Medical
providers are important resources to understand the physiological impact of environmental factors
on health issues. Doctors, nurses, and pharmacists can provide insight on environmental triggers
for specific illnesses. For parents who are managing a child’s health condition, encourage them to
speak with their pediatrician about the environmental impacts on health. Medications may also
affect an individual’s response to extreme heat and cold—prescribing physicians may clarify the
risks and benefits.
• Help families prepare for extreme weather in their community .Changes in weather patterns are
bringing stronger, more frequent storms to areas of the country. Depending on the location, help
families anticipate the effects of flooding, hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, and other natural
disasters, and create safety plans. Identify community resources and connect with local institutions
that may have developed disaster plans, such as schools, hospitals, and public health departments.
• Provide supportive counselling to help clients adjust to health conditions created by

environmental factors. Social workers assist individuals and families in recognizing,
understanding, and managing health consequences of climate change. They also help clients to
address health issues, environmental barriers, and build resilience.
• Provide resources to learn and get involved. If individuals are interested in learning more and
becoming connected to advocacy efforts, social workers can connect them to resources. Resources
may include publications and reports, or advocacy groups who are engaging residents on
environmental issues. Becoming involved can empower families to become engaged in developing
solutions for the environment
Disaster management :
Disaster defines, it is a phenomenon, that can cause destroy the social, economic, cultural life, damage
to life, and property of people. Disaster is 2 kinds such as “Natural, Man-made, sudden or
accidental” calamities these give a hazardous result which can create to the various situation; physical
damage or destruction, loss of life, and drastic change to the environment.
Natural disaster: it is a major effect of a natural hazard that affects to environment and human resources
also leads to financial losses. Such as;
· Floods
Floods are a natural disaster it comes during monsoon season. Results from water within a
body of water, river or lakes, It overflows and breaks bridges. It caused by inadequate
drainage.
· Tsunami
It happens in the oceans, it leads to the volcanic eruption, earthquakes, and on the seafloors.
It can travel over 300kmph. It comes up to 32 ft.
· Hurricanes
It rotates circulate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere. It can only occur over the
Atlantic ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. The storms with winds come over
74 kmph.
· Tornado
We can found this disaster all over the world. It is most common in the US.
· Volcanic Eruption
volcanos are the lava due to fall down of rocks, it filled in mountains, once the lava reaches
the surface within a fraction it destroys to world.
· Cyclones
A cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion. It has low pressure in an inside and high
pressure on the outside. It turns into clockwise in NEWS sides of the hemisphere
· Earthquakes
Earthquakes usually occur on fault lines or areas where tectonic plates meet. It caused by the
release of built of pressure.
· Landslides
Landslides are the movement of land down a slope by gravity. It happens in rain, floods, and
earthquakes, etc. Not only cause through natural disasters but also through man-made
disasters as slope grading or mining.
· Blizzards
It is a kind of snowstorm made by heavy winds. Blowing or drifting snow which reduces
visibility to 400 meters or 1/4th mile or less and it most lasts for a prolonged period of time
like three hours or more. Which causes death due to this. Ground blizzards require high winds
to stir up already fallen snow.
· Thunderstorms
Every thunderstorm produces lightning. There are mostly wet and dry sometimes the weather
may rain or not rain. Due to warm humidity, cause thunderstorms.
· Droughts
Droughts are an extended period of months or years when in a region receives a low average
of water whether the surface or underground water. It impacts to agricultural, environmental,
health, economic, and social consequences.
· Forest Fire
A forest fire or wildlife is an uncontrolled disaster, other names such as brush fire, desert fire,
hill fire, grass fire, etc.
Impacts of Natural disaster

A. Individual Impact- It leads to physically, economically, mentally which destroys poverty, loss of
financial resources and also personal ills. Laterwards, it develops to severe post-traumatic disorders
which result in a state of depression. Because of these significant people used to migrate from one
place to another place.
B. Community Impact- It shows loss of economic resources, demographic, population, and cultural
shifts are the main impact in the community,. People lose many opportunities in the disaster, and also
they try to rebuild better and stronger communities than before.
C. Economic Impact- Due to this, they face the loss of infrastructure where revenue tax reduce through
the expense of reclamation efforts.
D. Environment Impact- In this kind of disaster environmental impact plays a crucial role. Due to this
global climate change takes place because of damaging the ecosystem in sea level, forest level, and
many more. It leads to loss of coral reefs, reduction of edible fish supply, etc.
Role of Social Worker Preparedness during a Disaster
Disasters are something that can be stopped or prevented, it can do after and before disasters. The main
aim is to reduce the amount of trauma caused by the above-mentioned disasters. There many ways to
help and distribute reliefs to suffered people. Many NGOs and GOs related projects also taking the
initiative to bring them from hazardous situations to normal. Another hand, as we saw different
countries or states donates something that required in daily life. The disaster management team plays a
vital role in rebuilding their lost status through charity works and including many more campaign. As
we found, in every state, districts, and also village the Disaster Management team did Disaster
preparedness building were, affected areas of people they can move to top shelter immediately. It not
only constructed in villages but also, in coastal areas too.
Social Workers or the voluntary workers come forward to help them in various ways. Where people
could get back to their social, economical, culture status through helping in many ways like; distributing
food, clothes, sanitary napkins, hospital kits, transport facility, telephone line with STD facility
provides book, bags, and other stationary things which very essential and emergency for them etc.
A Social Worker’s Role is to-
v To prevent and reduce mass causality among the population
v Arrange disposal of dead bodies
v Arrange community awareness to reduce hazards
v To empower the community developers to participate in developing emergency management
v To facilitate first aid, triage and field care
v To rehabilitate them in the preparedness shelter
v To reach and arrange for them the most essential needs
v To make understand them about government policies and guideline procedures
v To mobilize and arrange funds for them
Provide such disaster preparedness programs like Public information, education system, and
training , public health interventions, etc.
These provisions and knowledge should be reached to each and every person. So that affected people
and affected areas could get relief from many disaster issues. Again they get new life to live, earn and
enjoy their livelihood. So that various Disaster Management team and voluntary workers role is very
important in this field to bring social, economic, and cultural status into normal phase and give smile
on their face to restart the motion of work.
Remedial measures were given to the following student-CLA-3
RA2232261010037 LALLESH S.NAIR

Social System: Meaning, Elements,
Characteristics and Types
Lallesh S.Nair RA2232261010037

• A social system may be defined, after Parsons,
a plurality of social actors who are engaged in
more or less stable interaction “according to
shared cultural norms and meanings”
Individuals constitute the basic interaction
units. But the interacting units may be groups
or organisation of individuals within the
system.
The elements of social system are
described as under:
1. Faiths and Knowledge:
• The faiths and knowledge brings about the uniformity
in the behaviour. They act as controlling agency of
different types of human societies. The faiths or the
faith is the result of the prevalent customs and beliefs.
They enjoy the force of the individual are guided
towards a particular direction.
2. Sentiment:
• Man does not live by reason alone. Sentiments – filial,
social, notional etc. have played immense role in
investing society with continuity. It is directly linked
with the culture of the people.
• 3. End Goal or object:
Man is born social and dependent. He has to
meet his requirements and fulfill his
obligations. Man and society exist between
needs and satisfactions, end and goal. These
determine the nature of social system. They
provided the pathway of progress, and the
receding horizons.
4. Ideals and Norms:
• The society lays down certain norms and ideals for keeping
the social system intact and for determining the various
functions of different units. These norms prescribe the
rules and regulations on the basis of which individuals or
persons may acquire their cultural goals and aims.
• In other words ideals and norms are responsible for an
ideal structure or system of the society. Due to them the
human behaviour does not become deviant and they act
according to the norms of the society. This leads to
organization and stability. These norms and ideals include
folkways, customs, traditions, fashions, morality, religion,
etc.
• 5. Status-Role:
• Every individual in society is functional. He goes by status-role
relation. It may come to the individual by virtue of his birth, sex,
caste, or age. One may achieve it on the basis of service rendered.
• 6. Role:
• Like the status, society has prescribed different roles to different
individuals. Sometimes we find that there is a role attached to
every status. Role is the external expression of the status. While
discharging certain jobs or doing certain things, every individual
keeps in his mind his status. This thing leads to social integration,
organization and unity in the social system. In fact statuses and
roles go together. It is not possible to separate them completely
from one another.
• 7. Power:
• Conflict is a part of social system, and order is its aim. It is
implicit, therefore, that some should be invested with the
power to punish the guilty and reward those who set an
example. The authority exercising power will differ from
group to group; while the authority of father may be
supreme in the family, in the state it is that of the ruler.
• 8. Sanction:
• It implies confirmation by the superior in authority, of the
acts done be the subordinate or the imposition of penalty
for the infringement of the command. The acts done or not
done according to norms may bring reward and
punishment.
Characteristics of Social System:
1. System is connected with the plurality of
Individual actors:
• It means that a system or social system cannot
be borne as a result of the activity of one
individual. It is the result of the activities of
various individuals. For system, or social
system, interaction of several individuals has
to be there.
2. Aim and Object:
• Human interactions or activities of the individual actors
should not be aimless or without object. These
activities have to be according to certain aims and
objects. The expression of different social relations
borne as a result of human interaction.
3. Order and Pattern amongst various Constituent Units:
• Mere coming together of various constituent units that
from social system does not necessarily create a social
system. It has to be according to a pattern,
arrangement and order. The underlined unity amongst
various constituent units brings about ‘social system’.
• 4. Functional Relationship is the Basis of Unity:
• We have already seen different constituent units have
a unity in order to form a system. This unity is based on
functional relations. As a result of functional
relationships between different constituent units an
integrated whole is created and this is known as social
system.
• 5. Physical or Environmental Aspect of Social System:
• It means that every social system is connected with a
definite geographical area or place, time, society etc. In
other words it means that social system is not the
same at different times, at different place and under
different circumstances. This characteristic of the social
system again point out towards its dynamic or
changeable nature.
6. Linked with Cultural System:
• Social system is also linked with cultural system. It
means that cultural system bring about unity
amongst different members of the society on the
basis of cultures, traditions, religions etc.
7. Expressed and implied Aims and Objects:
• Social system is also linked with expressed and
implied aims. In other words, it means that social
system is the coming together of different
individual actors who are motivated by their aims
and objectives and their needs.
• 8. Characteristics of Adjustment:
• Social system has the characteristic of adjustment. It is
a dynamic phenomenon which is influenced by the
changes caused in the social form. We have also seen
that the social system is influenced by the aims, objects
and the needs of the society. It means that the social
system shall be relevant only if it changes itself
according to the changed objects and needs. It has
been seen that change takes place in the social system
due to human needs, environment and historical
conditions and phenomena.
• 9. Order, Pattern and Balance:
• Social system has the characteristics of pattern, order
and balance. Social system is not an integrated whole
but putting together of different units. This coming
together does not take place in a random and
haphazard manner. There is an order am’ balance.
• It is so because different units of the society do not
work as independent units but they do not exist in a
vacuum but in a socio-cultural pattern. In the pattern
different units have different functions and roles. It
means that there is a pattern and order in the social
system.
Types of Social System:
• 1. The Particularistic Ascriptive Type:
• According to Parsons, this type of social
system tends to be organized around kinship
and sociality. The normative patterns of such a
system are traditional and thoroughly
dominated by the elements of ascription. This
type of system is mostly represented by
preliterate societies in which needs are limited
to biological survival.
• 2. The Particularistic Achievement Type:
• There is a significant role of religious ideas as
differentiating element in social life. When
these religious ideas are rationally
systematized that possibility of new religious
concepts emerge. As a result of this nature of
prophecy and secondly it may depend on non-
empirical realm to which the porphyry is
connected.
• 3. The Universalistic Achievement Type:
• When ethical prophecy and non-empirical
conceptions are combined, a new set of ethical
norms arise. It is because the traditional order is
challenged by the ethical prophet in the name of
supernatural. Such norms are derived from the
existing relations of social member; therefore
they are universalistic in nature. Besides, they are
related with empirical or non-empirical goals,
therefore they are achievement oriented.
• 4. The Universalistic Ascription Type:
• Under this social type, elements of value
orientation are dominated by the elements of
ascription. Therefore emphasis is placed on status
of the actor, rather than his performance. In such
a system, actor’s achievements are almost values
to a collective goal. Therefore such a system
becomes politicized and aggressive. An
authoritarian State example of this types.
FUNCTIONS
• It is generally agreed that the social system
has four primary functional problems to
attend. These are:
• 1. Adaptation,
• 2. Goal attainment,
• 3. Integration,
• 4. Latent Pattern-Maintenance.
• 1. Adaptation:
• Adaptability of social system to the changing
environment is essential. No doubt, a social system is
the result of geographical environment and a long
drawn historical process which by necessity gives it
permanence and rigidity. Yet, that should not make it
wooden and inelastic. It need be a flexible and
functional phenomenon.
• Economy for its maintenance, division of labour for
better production of goods and effective services, and
role differentiation for job opportunity is essential.
Durkheim in Division of Labour in society has given
great attention to the role of division of labour and role
differentiation as these make possible a higher average
degree of skill than would otherwise be possible.
• 2. Goal Attainment:
• Goal attainment and adaptability are deeply
interconnected. Both contribute to the
maintenance of social order.
• Every social system has one or more goals to be
attained through cooperative effort. Perhaps the
best example of a societal goal is national
security. Adaptation to the social and nonsocial
environment is, of course, necessary if goals are
to be attained. But in addition, human and
nonhuman resources must be mobilised in some
effective way, according to the specific nature of
tasks.
• 3. Integration:
• Social system is essentially an integration system. In the
general routine of life, it is not the society but the group or
the subgroup in which one feels more involved and
interested. Society, on the whole does not come into one’s
calculations. Yet, we know as indicated by Durkheim, that
individual is the product of society. Emotions, sentiments
and historical forces are so strong that one cannot cut
oneself from his moorings.
• The working of these forces is best seen when society is
involved in a domestic crisis or an external challenge. An
appeal in the name of society, culture, heritage, patriotism,
national solidarity or social welfare invokes quick response.
Cooperation in effort is often demonstrative of integrating.
It is the real basis of integration.
• 4. Latent Pattern-maintenance:
• Pattern maintenance and tension management is the primary
function of social system. In absence of appropriate effort in this
direction maintenance and continuity of social order is not possible.
In fact within every social system there is the in built mechanism for
the purpose.
• Every individual and subgroup learns the patterns in the process of
the internalization of norms and values. It is to invest the actors
with appropriate attitude and respect towards norms and
institution, that the socialization works. It is not; however, merely
the question of imparting the pattern, equally essential is to make
the actor to follow it. For this there is always a continuous effort -in
operational terms of social control.
Sociology
Part-A
1. Define Society. Highlight its characteristic features
2. Differentiate Cooperation and Competition
3. Write short notes on the elements and characteristic features of community.
4. Highlight on the methods on accommodation
5. Give a brief account on the functions of Social System
6. Write short notes on the factors favoring Assimilation
Part-B
1. Elaborate on the Socialisation Process with suitable examples
2. Highlight the various elements in Social system.
3. Justify the relevance of Sociology in Social work
4. Elaborate on the roles of various agencies in Socialisation
5. Elaborate on the Socialization process with examples
6. Highlight the various Problems due to alcohol addiction among families.
7. The impacts of Caste System in India- Give your Analytical views
8. Suggest ways to mitigate the Social media addiction among the children.
The term ‘Sociology’ was coined by Auguste Comte, a French philosopher,
in 1839. Therefore, he is regarded as the father of Sociology. Sociology is the
combination of the Latin word ‘Societus’ meaning ‘society’ and the Greek
word ‘logos’ meaning ‘study or science’. Thus, the etymological meaning of
Sociology is the science of society.
Ogburn and Nimkoff define Sociology as “the scientific study of social life”
Famous sociologist Emile Durkheim defines Sociology as “the science of
social institution.” In the view of Alex Inkles “Sociology is the study of
systems of social actions and of their interrelations”
Nature of Sociology
Before discussing the nature of Sociology, it is better to know about the
nature of a subject. The nature of a subject refers to its internal characteristics
which help one to understand what kind of science it is.
Every branch of knowledge has its own nature. Thus, Sociology as a branch
of knowledge had its own nature or characteristic which distinguishes it from
other social sciences and helps to understand what kind of science it is.
The nature of Sociology is as follows:
(1) Sociology is an independent science:

Sociology is not treated and studied as a branch of any other science like
philosophy, history. Now it has emerged into an independent science. As an
independent science it has its own field of study.
(2) Sociology is a social science and not a physical science:

All the sciences are divided into two categories: natural sciences and social
sciences. Natural sciences study physical phenomena where as social
sciences study social phenomena. Social sciences include Economics,
Political Science, and Anthropology etc. Sociology belongs to the family of
social sciences. As a social science it concentrates its attention on man, his
social behaviour, activities and social life. In other words, it studies man as a
social being.
(3) Sociology is a pure science and not an applied science:

The aim of applied science is to apply the acquired knowledge into life and to
put it to use. But the aim of pure sciences is the acquisition of knowledge and
it is not bothered whether the acquired knowledge is useful or can be put to
use. Sociology is a pure science, because it aims at the acquisition of
knowledge about human society, hot the utilisation of the knowledge.
(4) Sociology is an abstract science and not a concrete science:

This doesn’t mean that Sociology, is an art and not a science. It only refers
that Sociology is not interested in concrete manifestations of human events. It
is more concerned with the form of human events and their patterns.
Similarly, Sociology does not confine itself to the study of this society or that
particular society. It simply means that Sociology is an abstract science, not a
concrete science.
(5) Sociology is a categorical and not a normative discipline:

Sociology “confines itself about what is, not what should be or ought to be.”
As a science it is silent about questions of value. It does not make any kind of
value judgment. It only means Sociology as a discipline cannot deal with
problems of good and evil, right and wrong.
(6) Sociology is a generalising and not a particularising science:
Sociology does not study each and every event that takes place in society. It
makes generalization on the basis of some selected events. For example, not
by studying or examining all the secondary groups but by observing a few
secondary groups, a sociologist makes generalization of secondary groups.
(7) Sociology is a general science and not a special social science:

The area of inquiry of Sociology is general and not specialised. Social
sciences like Political Science, History, Economics, etc. study human
interaction but not all about human interactions. But Sociology does not
investigate special kind of phenomena in relation to human life, and activities
but it only studies human activities in a general way.
(8) Sociology is both a rational and empirical science:

Empiricism is the approach that emphasizes experiences and the facts that
result from observation and experimentation. On the other hand, rationalism
stresses reason and theories that result from logical inference. The empiricist
collects facts, the rationalist co-ordinates and arranges them. In sociological
theory both are significant. Thus, Sociology is both a rational and empirical
science.
Conclusion:
Thus, from the above discussion we come to know that the nature of
Sociology is independent, social, a categorical, pure, abstract, and
generalizing; both are a rational and an empirical social science.
Following are some of the important functions of
culture:
1. Culture Defines Situations:
Each culture has many subtle cues which define each situation.
It reveals whether one should prepare to fight, run, laugh or
make love. For example, suppose someone approaches you with
right hand outstretched at waist level. What does this mean?
That he wishes to shake hands in friendly greeting is perfectly
obvious – obvious, that is to anyone familiar with our culture.
But in another place or time the outstretched hand might mean

hostility or warning. One does not know what to do in a
situation until he has defined the situation. Each society has its
insults and fighting words. The cues (hints) which define
situations appear in infinite variety. A person who moves from
one society into another will spend many years misreading the
cues. For example, laughing at the wrong places.
2. Culture defines Attitudes, Values and Goals:

Each person learns in his culture what is good, true, and
beautiful. Attitudes, values and goals are defined by the culture.
While the individual normally learns them as unconsciously as
he learns the language. Attitude are tendencies to feel and act in
certain ways. Values are measures of goodness or desirability,
for example, we value private property, (representative)
Government and many other things and experience.
Goals are those attainments which our values define as worthy,

(e.g.) winning the race, gaining the affections of a particular girl,
or becoming president of the firm. By approving certain goals
and ridiculing others, the culture channels individual ambitions.
In these ways culture determines the goals of life.
3. Culture defines Myths, Legends, and the

Supernatural:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Myths and legends are important part of every culture. They

may inspire, reinforce effort and sacrifice and bring comfort in
bereavement. Whether they are true is sociologically
unimportant. Ghosts are real to people who believe in them and
who act upon this belief. We cannot understand the behaviour
of any group without knowing something of the myths, legends,
and supernatural beliefs they hold. Myths and legends are
powerful forces in a group’s behaviour.
Culture also provides the individual with a ready-made view of

the universe. The nature of divine power and the important
moral issues are defined by the culture. The individual does not
have to select, but is trained in a Christian, Buddhist, Hindu,
Muslim or some other religious tradition. This tradition gives
answers for the major (things imponderable) of life, and
fortuities the individual to meet life’s crises.
4. Culture provides Behaviour Patterns:

The individual need not go through painful trial and error
learning to know what foods can be eaten (without poisoning
himself), or how to live among people without fear. He finds a
ready-made set of patterns awaiting him which he needs only to
learn and follow. The culture maps out the path to matrimony.
The individual does not have to wonder how one secures a
mate; he knows the procedure defined by his culture.
If men use culture to advance their purposes, it seems clear also

that a culture imposes limits on human and activities. The need
for order calls forth another function of culture that of so
directing behaviour that disorderly behaviour is restricted and
orderly behaviour is promoted. A society without rules or norms
to define right and wrong behaviour would be very much like a
heavily travelled street without traffic signs or any understood
rules for meeting and passing vehicles. Chaos would be the
result in either case.
Social order cannot rest on the assumption that men will

spontaneously behave in ways conducive to social harmony.

Sociology

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SRM Institute of Science and Technology,

College of Science and Humanities,KTR

Department: Social Work Programme : MSW

Course Coordinator : Dr. S.Rachel

Level of Thinking (Bloom)

Analyze, Interpret Data

Problem Solving Skills

College of Science and Humanities

Department of Social Work

Cycle Test-1 Duration:1.30 hrs

Answer any FOUR out of SIX Questions 4X5=20

1. Define Society. Highlight its characteristic features

A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large

2. Likeness and difference in society:

3. Cooperation and conflict in society:

4. Society is a process and not a product:

5. Society as a system of stratification:

2. Differentiate Cooperation and Competition

Requires qualities such as kindness , sympathy , concern .

Brings people satisfaction

Requires qualities such as aspirations , self confidence . spirit of adventure.

Can cause satisfaction/ dissatisfaction , anxiety indefiniteness and uncertainties

3. Write short notes on the elements and characteristic features of community.

A group of people is the most fundamental or essential characteristic or element of community.

(2) A definite locality:

(3) Community Sentiment:

It is another important characteristic or element of community. Because without community

Community is always a permanent group. It refers to a permanent living of individuals within a

4. Highlight on the methods on accommodation

Compromise:when 2 parties are equal in power, they attain accommodation by compromise

Compromise:when 2 parties are equal in power, they attain accommodation by compromise

5. Give a brief account on the functions of Social System

4. Latent Pattern Maintenance:

6. Write short notes on the factors favoring Assimilation

Factors Favoring Assimilation: 1. Toleration: Assimilation is possible only when

Answer all the Questions 2X15=30

7.(a) Elaborate on the Socialisation Process with suitable examples

Imitation: Is copying the act of others. Can be conscious/unconscious, spontaneous/deliberate

Language: It is the medium of expressionThus in the process of learning, language is important.

7. (b) Highlight the various elements in Social system.

The elements of social system are described as under:

1. Faiths and Knowledge:

3. End Goal or object:

4. Ideals and Norms:

8.(a)Justify the relevance of Sociology in Social work

8. (b) Elaborate on the roles of various agencies in

Format No:TLP5 INTERNAL MARKS LIST (Archived)

Program Section : MSW - Social Work - [PG - FT - ACADEMIC] : Sem - 1-A

Test Name : Theory CLA1

Subject Code & Title : PWS21104T-SOCIOLOGY-T-INT

Conducted Date : 26-Sep-2022 Submitted 13-Dec-2022 Conducted Max. 10.00

Marks Converted Marks Converted

RA2232261010001 8.20 82 RA2232261010002 8.20 82

RA2232261010003 7.80 78 RA2232261010004 6.70 67

RA2232261010005 7.20 72 RA2232261010006 5.90 59

RA2232261010007 5.00 50 RA2232261010008 8.10 81

RA2232261010009 7.00 70 RA2232261010010 6.90 69

RA2232261010011 5.00 50 RA2232261010012 8.20 82

RA2232261010013 5.30 53 RA2232261010014 8.00 80

RA2232261010015 6.80 68 RA2232261010018 7.50 75

RA2232261010019 5.00 50 RA2232261010020 8.20 82

RA2232261010021 5.00 50 RA2232261010022 7.90 79

RA2232261010023 5.00 50 RA2232261010024 6.30 63

RA2232261010025 8.30 83 RA2232261010026 5.20 52