Republic of the Philippines

EULOGIO “Amang” Rodriguez

Institute of Science and Technology Cavite, Campus
General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite

Program : MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION

Subject : MAS 102 EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
Professor : DR. AGNES N. COO
Reporter : KAREN P. DOLLETE
Topic/s : PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT TRADITIONAL VERSUS
NEW LEARNING SYSTEM

I. INTRODUCTION
According to McFarland (1964) Planning is an important administrative function.

To get things done, administrators must plan ahead. It is a bridge the gap between

where we are now and where we want to be. Pervasive and continuous executive

function involving complex processes or perception, analysis, conceptual thought,

communication, decision and action. It is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it,

when to do it, who is to do it and how to measure performance. “Without planning, we

leave the events to chance.”

As an art, management it is about carrying out organizational functions and tasks

through people. This art involves the application of techniques in: human and public

relations, the delegation of an authority, assigning and sharing responsibilities and

duties communication including decision-making and problem-solving.

Continuous planning is necessary to minimize waste in resources – both material

and human – and to achieve organizational objectives expeditiously, observe Adrian

Arcelo and Felix Santos, Jr. is the first stage of the Management Process. However, in

organizational objectives being more complex, the resources to achieve them being
more varied, and the obstacles in the way being many, a manager’s function in planning

is much more than pausing to think before starting some operation. We plan where

there is a need something to be accomplished. Some management specialists defined

stage called “CREATING” to precede planning. By “creating” it was meant that a need

to accomplish something is identified.

II. Objectives

This written report aims to:

 Define planning and management

 Differentiate planning and management

 Differentiate the traditional university and new learning system

II. CONTENTS

Planning and Management

Planning is one of the important attributes of educational management. To achieve

the aims and objectives of education, effective planning with organizing, staffing, directing and

controlling are required. Plan is a commitment to a particular course of actions believed

necessary to achieve the desired results.

It is the starting point of the whole management process and involves determination of

future course of action. It is the process of determination of a course of action to achieve the

desire goals or objectives.

Management – A person or collective group who possess the executive abilities to lead

a group through aspiring to meet an organization’s purpose and visions. It includes planning,

organizing, staffing, leading or directing and controlling an organizational resource to

accomplish the goal.

Function of Management
1. Planning – is the process of setting objectives and determining what should be done to

accomplish the goal. It is a sketch a complete mental picture of thing.

2. Organizing – an activity based on differentiation of task. Integration of differentiated tasks by

assigning activities responsibilities to staff. Structuring task and coordinating activities based on

differentiation of task.

3. Staffing – Formulating staff personal policies, selecting, orienting, and assigning duties to

staff.

4. Leading and Controlling - There is distinction between managers and leaders. Leadership is path

finding and manager is path following. Control is regulation of operation in accordance with the

objectives specified in plans. Control is essential to ensures that operations are directed towards the

attainment of organizational objectives.

According to Franco, management would be a higher practice, concerned mainly with the

tools of planning and evaluation, while administration would be concerned largely with the process of

implementing activities using the tools of staffing, directing and organizing. In this sense, he places

high importance not only on the process of planning or the formulation of plans but in their actual

implementation or execution.

The Traditional University Versus New Learning System

Against the wide range of learning opportunities in the informal education and non- formal

education system, Franco summarize these changes taking place in the traditional and classical

university with the new learning system taking place today.

Traditional University New Learning System

Traditionally credentialed Staff and Traditionally and non – credentialed

Faculty personnel plus those with multiple

credentials

Pedagogy Mathematics
Authoritarian Humanistic, participatory and

democratic

Set curricula and tradition bound Life itself and trainees’ interest

Academic

Input process oriented Input/process plus output

measurement

Lockstep Individual differences considered

Rote Learning Self- discovery, on job training

In- Class, bell ringing learning In-Class, on Job home learning

Poor Instructional art Committed and engaged teaching

Passive learning Active Learning

Purely Cognitive Balance of Cognitive, affective and

Conative

Fragmentation of Knowledge Unity and Synthesis of Knowledge

Grades Continuous progress

Arbitrary grouping Grouping based on mission or outputs

Competition Cooperation

Memorization Learning to Learn

Reward for only academic learning Value extra- academic learning

Competence based on attendance Student- initiated challenges exams

and course completion

School Requirements Self -Actualization

 Teacher Autonomy Learner autonomy

Limited Curriculum Expanded Curriculum

Book Learning Tri- media , Experiential

Lectures Games , Cases , Tri media

III. CONCLUSIONS

Why should we plan, and what can we gain from it?” Planning is vital to all

schools because it helps build better programs for students. It does this by helping us to

decide how and where to set priorities in the use of limited human and economic

resources. Decide how to accomplish not only your short-range goals, but also your

medium and long-range goals. Build on the strong and successful parts of the program,

as well as to identify and improve the weak points. Reach agreement in the school

community about what to do and how to do it.

In the fast changing and competitive world, education and technology are the

master keys for respectable survival and progress of education. Every country is

determined to respond positively to emerging needs, opportunities and challenges of

globalization. Education is being considered a key to change and progress. Progress

and prosperity of the country depends on the kind of education that is provided to the

people. The general purpose of national educational planning in any country is to assist

and facilitate the development of the educational system. The educational planning

process typically includes the interaction of sets of activities and feedback loops,

including an articulated vision of the future education sector, creation of the setting of
objectives, review of existing educational policies and consideration of needed new

ones related to assessment of needed human, fiscal and physical resources,

explanation of programs, projects and targets.

IV. REFERENCES

Franco, Ernesto A., “Educational Planning”, Management Implementation Plans ,

National Book Store, Manila 2006 p. 477-518

https://docs.google.com/document/d/
1Ao8g59KZehHam2WJ6QAyvXMA7Ye9uDE9Ad7Jr8d6Jxo/edit
https://www.slideshare.net/jess255721/strategic-planning-12733178

https://www.slideshare.net/shaziazamir3/educational-planning-and-management