ANSWERS

CHAPTER 1  3 (b) (i) Rose plant (c) P:

(ii) Paddy plant
1.1 (c) (ii) Moss
 1 (a) The diversity of organisms whether (d) (i) Orchid plant
microorganisms, animals or plants (ii) Fern
(b)  4
✓
Monocotyledon Dicotyledon
Q:
– Consists of one – Consist of two
✓ ✓ cotyledon cotyledons
– Fibrous root – Tap root
(c) Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release
oxygen during photosynthesis
 2 (a) Extinction of species KBAT Corner ✓
(b) (i) Through breeding program of Biodiversity provides food sources such as
seedlings honey from bees and medicine such as high
(ii) Ban the killing and trading of blood pressure capsules which are extracted CHAPTER 2
animals and endemic plants from the ‘Misai kucing’. Therefore, a continuous 2.1
(c) research on various plants and animals should  1 (a) Green plants that carry out
Activity Conservation method be conducted to help increase the standard of photosynthesis to produce food for
living in humans. Knowledge on the classification other living organisms
• National park of plants and animals ease humans in obtaining (b) Animals that eat plants or other animals
• Sea park sources of raw materials to be used in the as food
Ex situ conservation construction,furniture,clothes,food and medical
• Permanent (c) Microorganisms that breaksdown
forest reserve industries. However, a lot of study should be done dead plants and animals into simpler
adequately without interfering the survival of the materials or nutrient
• Zoo In situ conservation species of the organisms involved.  2 (a) Hibiscus plant, angsana tree
• Botanical (b) Rabbit, bird, ladybug
garden PISA/ TIMSS Corner (c) Mushroom
(a) Dry scales  3 (a) Deer
 3 (a) (i) Wrong (b) Can breathe in water and on land
(ii) Wrong
Wolf
(iii) Correct MEMORY BOOST Grass
(iv) Correct
(a) Vertebrates
(b) Lion
(i) Mammals
(ii) Amfibians Zebra
(iii) Fish (b) (i) Lion
(iv) Birds (ii) Tertiary consumer is secondary
(v) Reptiles carnivore that eat on secondary
(b) Invertebrates consumers
✓ ✓ (c) Monocotyledons (c) The number of organisms in the
(d) Dicotyledons ecosystem will decrease
(c) A species that lives in clusters within a
(e) Non-flowering plants  4 (a) Total energy received by the primary
restricted habitat in a specific location
(i) Conifer consumer is higher than the total energy
(ii) Moss received by the secondary consumer
ACTIVITY
(b) (i) ✓ (ii) ✓
Student’s answer
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE
 1 (a) (i) Q, R 2.2
1.2
(ii) P, S  1 (a) (i) transpiration
 1 (a) invertebrates, vertebrates
(b) Lays a lot of eggs (ii) respiration, increase, water
(b) backbones, mammals, birds, fish,
(c) (ii) ✓ vapour
amphibians, reptiles
(d) To maintain the balance of biodiversity (b)
(c) do not have
 2 (a) P: Reptiles  2 (a) P: Monocotyledon
Q: Mammals Q: Dicotyledon
(b) P: Crocodile (b) P: Fibrous root
Q: Cat Q: Tap root
(c) (i) Cold-blooded
✓
(ii) Reproduces by laying eggs

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A1

 (c) The supply of clean water will decrease, PISA/ TIMSS Corner a meal that gives him a lot of energy to
the surface of the Earth becomes hot B carry out heavy works. Meal B contains
carbohydrate and fats that supply a lot of
ACTIVITY MEMORY BOOST energy to him.
(a) The remains had been decomposed by  4 Total energy
1 Producer
decomposers (a) Fat
2 Consumer
(b) Yes. The dead animal is decomposed into = 10 g × 38 kJ/g
3 Decomposer
nutrient in the soil = 380 kJ
4 Water cycle
(c) Student’s answer (b) Carbohidrate
5 Carbon cycle and oxygen cycle
= 15 g × 17 kJ/g
6 Prey-predator
2.3 = 255 kJ
7 Symbiosis
 1 (a) Organisms having similar features and (c) Protein
8 Both
able to mate and produce offspring = 2 g × 17 kJ/g
9 gains benefit, not harmed
(b) A group of similar organisms lives = 34 kJ
10 Parasitism
together in an area Total energy
11 gains benefit, harmed
(c) A group of different populations lives = 380 kJ + 255 kJ + 34 kJ
together in an area = 669 kJ
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE
(d) An area where an organism obtains
1 (a) X: Sulphur dioxide
shelter, food and a place to breed 3.3
Y: Nitrogen oxide
(e) The interaction between the living  1 (a) Digestion is the process of breaking
(b) The gases dissolve in the water vapour in
organisms and non-living components down food that is complex and large
the clouds and then it falls as acid rain
 2 (a) Prey-predator into molecules that are small, simple and
(c) The water becomes acidic and the
(b) Competition soluble so that they can be absorbed by
aquatic organisms are killed
(c) Mutualism the cells of the body.
(d) Install filters on chimneys and the
(d) Prey-predator (b) P: Small intestine; Absorption of
exhaust pipes of vehicles
(e) Commensalism digested food
(f) Mutualism Q: Stomach; Stores food, digests
(g) Commensalism CHAPTER 3 protein
(h) Parasitism R: Large intestine; Reabsoption of
3.1
(i) Mutualism water
 1 (a) Carbohydrate;
 3 (a) Biological control S: Mouth; Digests starch
Supplies the body with energy
(b) This method does not pollute the (c) S → Q → P → R
(b) Building new cells and repairs damaged
environment and does not affect human  2 (a) Mouth
tissues
health (b) Oesophagus
(c) Supply energy
(c) Owls which area the natural predator (c) Stomach
(d) Vitamin A; Milk, Butter and carrot
of rats are reared in the plantation to (d) Rectum
(e) Prevents beri-beri
reduce the population of the rats (e) Anus
(f) Prevents scurvy  3 (a) (i) Amylase
(g) Butter, eggs and fish; Prevents rickets
ACTIVITY (ii) maltose
(h) Vitamin K; Helps in blood clotting
Student’s answer (b) (iii) Protease, polypeptide
(i) Helps in the formation of blood plasma (c) (iv) Amylase, maltose
 4 (a) Presence of predators (j) Production of haemoglobin (v) Protease, polypeptide
(b) Change of weather (k) Iodine; Seafoods, seaweed and fruits (vi) fatty acids, glycerol
(c) Source of food (l) Helps in building bones and teeth (d) (vii) maltose
 5 (a) Migration/ Change in the population size (m) Prevents constipation (viii) amino acids
(b) Limited water supply (n) Fruit juice; Transports digested food (ix) fatty acids, glycerols
(e) (i) Glucose
2.4 3.2 (ii) Amino acid
 1 (a) Forest logging  1 (a) ✗ (iii) Fatty acid and glycerols
(c) Agriculture (b) ✗
(i) Soil erosion (c) ✓ 3.4
(ii) Greenhouse effect  2 (a) Age  1 (a) (i) Blood capillaries
(iii) Asid rain (b) Body size (ii) Lacteal
(iv) Greenhouse effect (c) Climate (iii) Villus wall
(v) Pollution of water and air (d) State of health (b)
(vi) Pollution of water (e) Work
(vii) Foul odour (f) Gender Absorbed end
Parts
(viii) Flashflood  3 (a) Meal: C product
(ix) Pollution of water and ground Reason: Fuad does not need a meal
that supplies a lot of energy as he does Glucose, amino acid
Lacteal
KBAT Corner not need to carry out heavy works.
When 10 organisms R died, population of P Therefore, a meal that contains protein
increases because the number of organisms R and carbohydrate is enough Blood
Fatty acids, glycerol
that eat them decreases. Populations of Q and S (b) Meal: B capillaries
decrease because their food sources are reduced Reason: Faiz is a farmer. He needs to eat

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A2

 (c) (i) Have a folded surface (c) (i) Red (b) Dysentery
(ii) The wall is one cell thick (ii) Blue-black (c) Floodwater contains a mixture of drain
(d) Small intestine (d) Meat water and sewage
 2 (a) Rectum. Place where the faeces is stored (e) (i) Rice (d) No, because the water in the swimming
before being removed through the anus (ii) Soy bean/ Groundnut pool has been added with chlorine to
(b) Water and mineral salts disinfect germs.
(c) Insufficient amount of fibre may cause CHAPTER 4
constipation 4.1 4.2
 1 (a) infection; pathogens; mediums; vectors  1 (a) Non-specific
ACTIVITY (b) genetic factors; lifestyle (i) skin, mucous membrane
Student’s answer  2 (a) (iv) (ii) sweat, sebum
(b) (iii) (iii) digestive, respiratory
KBAT Corner (c) (i) (iv) phagocytosis
Because high intake of sugar and salt can cause (d) (ii) (v) enzymes, engulf, digest
obesity and various health problems such as high  3 (a) ✗ (b) Specific
blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease (b) ✗ (i) body
(c) ✓ (ii) Pathogens, antibody
PISA/ TIMSS Corner  4 (a) Virus (iii) antibody, protein, white, antigen
B (b) Bacteria (iv) antigen
(c) Protozoa  2 (a) Natural
MEMORY BOOST (d) Fungi (i) antibody, breast milk, placenta
(e) Worm (ii) temporary, short-lived
(a) Age
 5 (a) (i) exhaled (b) Artificial
(b) Work
(ii) saliva droplets; pathogens (i) antiserum
(c) Health condition
(iii) enter (ii) pathogens
(d) Body size
(b) Infection through air-borne droplets (iii) fast, temporary
(e) Climate
(c) He will be infected with the same disease (c) Natural
(f) Gender
as the host (i) recovers
(g) Physical activity
(d) The pathogens have entered the (ii) lasts long
(h) (i) Carbohydrate
breathing cavity of the healthy individual (d) Artificial
(ii) Protein
(e) The host should wear a face mask (i) antibody
(iii) Fat
 6 (a) (i) Sharing (ii) lasts long
(iv) Vitamin
(ii) Itchiness  3 (a) Passive natural immunity
(v) Mineral
(iii) red (b) Active natural immunity
(vi) Water
(iv) same (c) Passive artificial immunity
(vii) Fibre
(v) tight; damp (d) Active artificial immunity
(i) Oesophagus
(vi) Athlete’s Foot   4 (a) (i) ✓
(j) Small intestine
(vii) smelling foot (iii) ✓
(k) Large intestine
(viii) blisters (iv) ✓
(l) Anus
(b) P = Pathogens enter the body through
(m) Starch
the eyes KBAT Corner
(n) maltose
Q = Pathogens on the surface of the Yes, tuberculosis is an infectious disease that
(o) Protein
pen enter the mouth transmits through the air
(p) Polypeptide
R = Most pathogens on the hands are
(q) Glucose
killed PISA/ TIMSS Corner
(r) Amino acid
S = Pathogens enter the body through
(s) Fatty acid If a victim suffers serious burns on his body, it
the nose
(t) Glycerol means that his skin which is the first line of defence
 7 (i) Anopheles mosquito mechanism unable to stop foreign substances
(ii) Housefly
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE including pathogens from entering directly into
(iii) Rat
 1 (a) Y → W → Z → X his bloodstream. This will cause serious infections
(iv) Dogs; cats; bat (mammals)
(b) Z and maybe life-threatening.
(v) Camels
(c) Starch; Maltose  8 (a) towns; cities
(d) MEMORY BOOST
(b) Aedes mosquito
1 Water
(c) virus
2 Air
(d) mosquito’s bite
3 Vector
(e) chills
4 Contact
(f) rural
5 Cholera
(g) Anopheles mosquito
6 SARS
✓ (h) Plasmodium malariae
7 Dengue
 9 (a)
 2 (a) (i) Millon’s reagent Cholera ✓ 8 Ringworm
(ii) Iodine solution 9 Diabetes
(b) (i) Colourless 10 Cancer
Leptospirosis ✓
(ii) Yellow 11 Asthma

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A3

12 Improve the level of health (e) Poor
13 Vector control; Protecting the host (f) Poor Stirred

14 skin; mucous membranes (g) Odourless

15 White (h) Tasteless Water (60 °C)
16 antibody (i) Colourless
17 Natural  2 (a) Electrolysis Fine sugar

18 recovers (b) (i) Oxygen

19 mother’s milk (ii) Hydrogen ✓
20 vaccine (iii) hydrogen
21 antiserum (iv) oxygen (ii) – Temperature of solvent
(v) electrolysis – Rate of stirring
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE (vi) 2:1 – Size of solute
 1 (a) (i) P: Athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis) (c) The hydrogen gas produces a ‘pop’ (c) (i) Turpentine; Petrol; Kerosene
(ii) Q: Ringworm (Tinea corporis) sound with a burning wooden splinter (ii) Alcohol
(b) Fungi (d) To enable the water to conduct electric (iii) Acetone
(c) Through contact with infected skin current (iv) Benzene
(d) (i) Practice personal hygiene care  3 (a) (i) (ii) (v) Alcohol
(ii) Do not share other people’s Temperature (°C) (vi) Chloroform
personal belonging’s
 2 (a) Both viruses cause infectious diseases 5.3
(b) Influenza virus is spread through air  1 (a) Removes suspended particles; Cannot
X remove dissolved substances
whereas HIV virus is spread through 100
Y (b) Kills microorganisms; Cannot remove
sexual intercourse, sharing injection
needle, as well as blood transfusion and suspended particles
Time (Min)
organ transplant from host (c) Kills microorganisms, removes smell and
(c) (i) No because HIV virus cannot (iii) The water will stop boiling colour; Cannot kill all microorganismsi.
survive and reproduce in insects temporarily Cannot remove suspended particles
(ii) No because HIV virus is not (b) (i) Humidity (d) Removes all impurities; Water does not
found at the skin surface (ii) Surrounding temperature contain mineral salts which are needed
(d) (i) Improves the body immunity (iii) Exposed surface area of water for the body
system by practicing good dietary (iv) Movement of air  2 (a) Microorganisms
habit which includes eating more (b) Dissolved substances
vegetables and fruits, that are rich 5.2 (c) Odour
in vitamin C  1 (a) The solid particles that dissolve in a liquid  3 (a) (vi)
(ii) Increase people’s awareness (b) A mixture that is formed when a (b) (iv)
about AIDS and the transmission substance is added to a liquid and form a (c) (viii)
method of the HIV virus, homogenous liquid (d) (vii)
especially through education in (c) A mixture of one or more solute that (e) (i)
schools spread evenly (f) (ii)
 3 (a) Through air and contact with the (d) A liquid in which solid particles dissolve (g) (v)
patient’s personal belonging  2 (i) Little (h) (iii)
(b) Need to get a diphteria vaccine injection (ii) Able to dissolve a little more solute  4 (a) importance
(c) She needs to bring her son for vaccine (iii) Unable to dissolve solute anymore (b) sanitation system
shots as scheduled in the Malaysian  3 (a) The maximum quantity of solute that (c) biodegradable
vaccination program can dissolves in 100 g solvent at certain (d) law
(d) Her son’s immunity towards the polio temperature
virus infection will decrease and (b) (i) ACTIVITY
becomes weakened Student’s answer
(e) The concentration of antibodies to fight Water (60 °C)
the polio virus in her son’s blood does KBAT Corner
not reach the immunity level. Therefore, Coarse The boiling point,freezing point and density of
sugar
if the polio virus succeeds in invading pure water are 100 °C, 0 °C and 1 g cm-3 at the
her son’s body, the amount of antibodies temperature of 4 °C respectively. Therefore,
will not be enough to defeat the attack of ✓ 1 Determine the freezing point of liquid X and
the polio virus. As a result, her son will show that it is 0 °C
be infected with polio 2 Determine the boiling point of liquid X and
show that it is 100 °C
3 Determine the density of liquid X and show
CHAPTER 5 Water (60 °C) that it is 1 g cm-3 at the temperature of 4 °C
Fine salt
5.1
 1 (a) 0 ºC PISA/ TIMSS Corner
(b) 0 ºC 1 B
(c) 100 ºC ✓
2 – Oil causes death of living organisms
(d) 1 g per cm³; 4 ºC such as fish and bird.

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A4

 – Aquatic plants cannot undergo 4
photosynthesis and will eventually die.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
MEMORY BOOST
 1 tasteless
 2 0 °C Acidic Neutral Alkaline
 3 boiling point
 4 Freezing point 5 (a) (iv) (d) (i) Phenolphthalein
 5 1 g per cm³ (b) (vi) (ii) Universal indicator
 6 weak (c) (i)   2 (a) P: No changes
 7 electrolysis (d) (iii) Q: Red → Blue
 8 2:1 (e) (v) (b) No changes occur on the colour of
 9 Drying hair (f) (vii) litmus paper in beaker P because alkali
 10 Production of salt (g) (viii) cannot show its characteristic without
 11 Drying clothes (h) (ii) the presence of water.
 12 Production of milk powder  3 (a) Neutralisation
 13 Food preservation 6.2 (b) Neutralisation is a reaction between acid
Dilute solution: Solution that contains little   1 The reaction between an acid and an alkali and alkali to produce salt and water.
amount of solute that produces salt and water. (c) (i) Sodium chloride + water
Concentrated solution: Solution that contains  2 (a) (ii) Potassium sulphate + water
a lot of solute (d) (i) Toothpaste which is alkaline
Saturated solution: Solution that contains Sulphuric acid Potassium hyroxide
+ is used to neutralise acidic
maximum amount of solute and can dissolve substances in food.
in a solvent at certain temperature (ii) Milk of magnesia which is
Potassium Water
+ alkaline is used to neutralise
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE sulphate
excess acid in the stomach.
 1 (a) (i) Q (b) Titration
(ii) P
(b) The larger the surface area, the faster the KBAT Corner CHAPTER 7
rate of evaporation Nitric acid and sodium hydroxide will mix 7.1
(c) When the air at the surface of the cup together to form water and salt which is neutral.   1 The ability to do works
is blown, the air molecules move faster. The nitrogen ions combine with the hydroxide  2 (a) Chemical energy
The rate of evaporation increases and the ions to form water. Therefore the litmus paper (b) Kinetic energy
hot tea cools down faster. does not change colour. (c) Electrical energy
(d) Light energy
CHAPTER 6  3 (i) The Sun
PISA/ TIMSS Corner
6.1 (ii) Geothermal
  1 D 2 A
 1 (a) sour (iii) Water
(b) less (iv) Biomass
MEMORY BOOST
(c) hydrogen (v) Fossil fuel
(d) blue; red  1 Acids (vi) Wave
 2 (a) ✗  2 Vinegar (vii) Radioactive substance
(b) ✓  3 Lime juice (viii)Wind
(c) ✓  4 pH value more than 7  4 (a) Electrostatic charge
(d) ✗  5 Tastes bitter (b) It is formed from the pull and push
(e) ✓  6 Turns red litmus paper into blue forces between electric charges
(f) ✓  7 Agriculture (c) Electroscope
 3 (a) (i) Blue Red  8 Industrial
(ii) Red Blue  9 Medical 7.2
(b) (i) Acidic  10 Toothpaste  1 (a) (i) P: Series circuit
(ii) Alkaline  11 acid; alkali; salt Q: Parallel circuit
(c) (i)  12 Potassium hydroxide (ii) Q
 13 Sodium nitrate (b) (i)
1 1 1
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE R = R1 + R2
 1 (a) X: Neutral 1 1 1
✓ Y: Acidic R = 3 Ω + 6 Ω
Z: Alkaline 1 3
(ii) (b) X: Drinking water R = 6 Ω
Y: Lime juice R =2Ω
(c) The liquid detergent will turn red litmus (ii) The voltage across each resistor in
paper into blue while blue litmus paper a parallel circuit is the same that is
remains unchanged. 6V
✓

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A5

 (iii) other. Whereas the protons (positive charge)  2 (a) buoyant force
V1 V2 do not move. The object that gains electrons (b) P: 5 N
I1 = R1 I2 = R2 will be negatively charged. The object that Q: 3 N
6V 6V loses electrons will be positively charged. The (c) (i) 0.16 g/cm³
= 3Ω = 6Ω attraction and repulsion between the electric (ii) The cube floats on water
= 2 A =1A charges are known as electrostatic forces.  3 (a) fulcrum
(d) (ii) ✓ (b) (i)
I = I1 + I2 E
=2A+1A
=3A CHAPTER 8
 2 (a) To control the flow of current in the 8.1
circuit  1 (a) pull; push
(b) The voltage will increase (b) magnitude; direction L
(c) Current is the rate of flow of electric (c) newton; N
charges through a conductor (d) spring balance (ii)
 2 (a) Both E
7.3 (b) Pull
 1 (c) Both
 3 (a) Normal force
Has poles Attracts (b) Gravitational force
(North pole and magnetic
South pole) materials (c) Buoyant force L
Properties of 8.2 (iii)
magnet  1 (a) Move a stationary object E
(b) Increase the speed of an object
Freely suspended Like poles repel,
magnet shows (c) Change the direction of moving object
unlike poles
north-south attract (d) Stop a moving object
direction

L
KBAT Corner (c)
Lever
The friction between the cloud and air causes the
cloud to be charged with electric charges. The
attraction between negative charge in the cloud
and the positive charge on the Earth produces First class lever Second class lever Third class lever
lightning.
Pliers Nutcracker Broom
PISA/ TIMSS Corner
Scissors Stapler Fishing rod
C

MEMORY BOOST  4 (a) Moment of force = Force (N) ×  6 (a) tiny

 1 Types of energy Perpendicular distance from the pivot to (b) distance
 2 Electrostatic the force (m) (c) random
 3 Sound energy = 50 N × 0.18 m (d) particles; colliding
 4 Kinetic energy = 9 Nm (e) pressure
 5 Elastic potential energy (b) Load × Distance of load from fulcrum = (f) kinetic; increases
 6 Nuclear energy Force × Distance of load from fulcrum  7
 7 The Sun Load × 0.35 m = 4 N × (0.35 – 0.15) m
Application of
 8 Geothermal Load = (4 N × 0.2 m) Devices principles of air
 9 Fossil fuel 0.35 m pressure
 10 pull; push = 2.29 N
 11 ampere (A)  5 (a) The cardboard does not drop and water Spraying pump (a) low
 12 Volt (V) does not spill out of the glass. Pesticide
(b) Higher
Push
 13 Ohm (Ω) (b)
X
(c) spray
  14 Pointed to north-south when hanging freely Piston
Glass Tube

Container
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE
Thick cardboard
(a) Electroscope Water Syringe Pull (d) increases; low
(b) X: Metal cap Piston
(e) higher
Y: Gold leaf
(c) When two different types of objects are Syringe
X
rubbed together, only the electrons (negative
charge) are transferred from one object to the Water

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A6

 (v) The amount of heat depends on the type transmitted through conduction. The air spaces
Syphon (f) water;thumbs
Rubber tube of material, quantity of material and that exists between the glass wall and the thermos
(g) lower; flow
temperature wall can reduce the transmission of heat through
(h) surface; lower
Water (vi) Temperature depends on the degree of conduction.
movement of the particles in a matter
X PISA/ TIMSS Corner
9.2 A
Water flowing
Wooden
block out  1 (a) A ✓
MEMORY BOOST
(b) ✓ Conduction
KBAT Corner  1 energy; joule (J)
  1 (a) The gravitational force pulls the durian  2 Expansion
(c) (i) Convection
down  3 Contraction
(ii) Conduction
(b) The frictional force opposes the  4 Conduction
(iii) Convection
movement and reduces the speed of the  5 Convection
(iv) Radiation
ball.  6 Radiation
 7 solid
9.3
PISA/ TIMSS Corner  8 heat
 1 (a) (i) bimetallic  9 less
 1 D (ii) Copper, bends  10 denser
(iii) flow, rings  11 Sea breeze
MEMORY BOOST (b) (i) expands, up  12 temperature
  1 pull; push (ii) contract, down  13 Sun radiation on the Earth
 2 S.I unit (c) (i) gaps, expand, hot
 3 Gravitational force (ii) bending SUMMATIVE PRACTICE
 4 Normal force  2 (a) X
 1 (a) Q
 5 Elastic force (b) During hot day, the telephone cable
(b) Stall Q is painted with darker colour.
 6 Buoyant force expands and become loose. In early
Dark surface is a good heat absorber
 7 Frictional force morning or at night, in which the
(c)
 8 magnitude temperature is low, the cables contract
 9 Changing the shape and tighten. The cables should be
 10 Changing the position hung loosely to allow expansion and ✗ ✓
 11 Stop the moving object contraction. If the cables are hung
 12 Changing the direction of movement tightly, it might snap.
 13 Increases or decreases speed ✓ ✗
 14 Hammer, pliers 9.4
 15 Bottle opener, wheelbarrow  1 (a) poor, good
 2 (a) (ii) ✓
 16 Broom, forceps (b) weak
(b) At night, the land cools faster than
(c) poor
the sea. The air above the sea which is
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE (d) good
warmer becomes less dense and rises.
  1 (a) Third class lever  2
White and Dark and The cold and more dense air from land
(b) shiny dull begins to move to the sea resulting in
(a) Good absorber land breeze.
✓
of heat
(b) Good heat CHAPTER 10
✓
reflector 10.1
(c) Good heat  1 (a) energy; vibration
✓
radiators (b) propagate
✓ (c) hard; smooth; reflect
  3 A dark and dull surfaces is a good heat
  2 (i) ✓
(c) The distance of effort from the fulcrum absorbers and radiators as compared to
(ii) ✗
is smaller than the distance of load from a white and shiny surfaces. Hence, the
(iii) ✓
the fulcrum. temperature of water in conical flask B is
  3 Clothes; Carpet; Pillow; Bolster; Mattress;
(d) A greater effort is needed to overcome a higher than the temperature of water in
Blankets; Curtain
smaller load. conical flask A.
 4 (a) Gas; Very slowly; far apart; the slowest;
  4 (a) Types of surface
liquid and solid
(b) Surface colour
CHAPTER 9 (b) Liquid; Less rapidly; closer; faster
(c) Solid; Very rapidly; close together; very
9.1 KBAT Corner
fast
(i) A form of energy The use of cork as thermos lid can reduce heat
(ii) Degree of hotness and coldness of an object transmission through conduction and convection. 10.2
(iii) S.I unit is Joule (J) Double glass wall and the silver coated wall  1 (a) height; equilibrium
(iv) S.I unit is degree celcius (ºC) or kelvin (K) prevents the heat to be transmit through (b) amplitude; louder
radiation. The vacuum prevents the heat to be

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 (c) number; second (3) Gas  5 (a) ✓
(d) higher; higher (4) different (b) ✗
 2 (a) Medium frequency (5) hard and smooth (c) ✓
Medium pitch (6) soft and rough (d) ✗
(7) Echo   6 (a) Size
(8) Doppler (b) Colours
frequency is frequency is (9) Ultrasound (c) Brightness
lowered increased (10) Infrasound
(11) Stethoscope KBAT Corner
(12) Loudspeaker The temperature of star depending on the distance
Low frequency High frequency (13) Hearing aid of the star from the Earth. The further distance of
Low pitch High pitch
(14) higher; higher a star from the Earth the higher the temperature
(b) Medium amplitude (15) decreases of the stars will be. High temperature causes the
Medium loud (16) increases colour of the radiation to become bluish. This
(17) decreases is because the energy released is produced from
(18) increases ultraviolet.
Amplitude is Amplitude is
lowered increased
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE PISA/ TIMSS Corner
 1 (a) P: Loud and low pitch (a) ✗
Q: Soft and high pitch (b) ✗
Low amplitude High amplitude
Soft sound Loud sound R: Medium-loud and medium pitch (c) ✓
(b) (i) Q; Cricket (d) ✗
(ii) R; Monkey (e) ✓
10.3 (iii) P; Buffalo
 1 (a)  2 (a) The Doppler effect MEMORY BOOST
(b)  1 Galaxy
(c) Adam hears Kumar’s voice slowly.  2 Stars
The pitch of the sound becomes lower  3 Stars life cycle
because the frequency of the sound  4 Spiral
decreases  5 Elliptical
(d) Kumar hears his own voice loudly. The  6 Irregular
pitch of the sound becomes higher  7 Colours
(i) Sound waves (ii) Reflected wave because the frequency of the sound  8 Temperature
emitted from the from the insect increases  9 Size
bat (e)  10 Distance
 3 (a) Infrasound  11 Brightness
(b) (i) ✓ (b) Ultrasound
(ii) ✓ (c) 20 000 Hz SUMMATIVE PRACTICE
(iii) ✗ (d) (i) Ultrasound reflection can be used
(iv) ✓  1 (a) Spiral galaxy
to see the condition of the foetus
(c) Dolphins; Whales (b) The Milky Way
in the mother’s womb
 2 (a) Galaxy; gas
(ii) Sonar is used to measure the
KBAT Corner (b) large clouds; hydrogen; helium
depth of the seabed
(c) supernova
At the beginning, no sound is heard because the
(d) Black hole
vacuum space does not have any particles. The
distance between the gas particles is still very CHAPTER 11
far apart. So the sound of bell is slow. When 11.1 CHAPTER 12
the number of particles increases, the distance   1 A set of bodies consisting of millions of stars
12.1
between gas particles becomes closer. So, the with gas and dust particles
 1 (a) The average distance between the Earth
sound of the bell becomes clearer  2 (i) Spiral
and the Sun, 1.5 × 10⁸ km
(ii) Elliptical
(b) The distance that light can travel in one
PISA/ TIMSS Corner (iii) Small magellanic cloud
year, 9.5 × 10¹² km
The victims need to make a periodic knocking (iv) Large magellanic cloud
 2 (a) (i) Distance in A.U
sound on the pipes or wall of the rubbles (solid  3 (a) Milky Way; spiral
(b) billion; Sun = Distance (km)
objects). This is because the sound can travel far
  4 A nebulae are large clouds consisting of dust 1.5 × 10⁸ km
through solid medium. Shouting for help is useless
because this action will use up the victim’s energy particles and gases such as hydrogen and = 1.08 × 10⁷ km
helium. The dust particles and the gases in 1.5 × 10⁸ km
much quicker. The shouts cannot be propagated = 0.072 A.U
far through the air because the sound is quickly a nebulae are pulled together by a strong
gravitational force until it becomes very (ii) Distance in ly
absorbed by the objects in the collapsed structure
dense and forms a core. Nuclear reactions = Distance (km)
take place. Hydrogen gas turns into helium. 9.5 × 10¹² km
MEMORY BOOST
A huge amount of heat energy and light = 1.08 × 10⁷ km
(1) Solid
energy are released. A star is born. 9.5 × 10¹² km
(2) Liquid = 1.13 × 10-5

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 (b) (i) Distance in A.U (ii) Having suitable range of  3 42
= Distance (km) temperature, not too hot or too  4 Sun
1.5 × 10⁸ km cold  5 -73 ºC
2.87 × 10⁹ km (c) (i) west; east  7 Meteoroid; Meteor; Meteorite
=
1.5 × 10⁸ km (ii) Neptune  8 Comet
  2 (a) X: Mercury  9 head; tail
= 19.13 A.U
Y: Uranus
(ii) Distance in ly
(b) (i) Neptune SUMMATIVE PRACTICE
= Distance (km)
9.5 × 10¹² km (ii) Uranus  1 (a) (i) stones; metal
(c) Mercury. The Sun radiation will reach (ii) Mars; Jupiter
= 2.87 × 10⁹ km directly to the surface will cause the area
9.5 × 10¹² km (b) Comet: Travels at average speed of
that faces the Sun to be extremely hot 10 km s-1 to 70 km s-1 to orbit the Sun
= 3.02 × 10-3 while the darker area is extremely cold Meteoroid: Travels with the speed of
 3 (a) Planet P is the farthest from the Sun (d) Neptune 42 km s-1 to orbit the Sun
(b) The longer the planet takes to orbit (e) The further the planets from the Sun, the (c) Due to the solar wind from the Sun
the Sun, the further the distance of the longer time needed to orbit the Sun (d) Meteors in space are larger in size and
planet from the Sun. have higher speeds. When they reach
(c) R, Q, S, P the Earth, their size and speeds reduce
(d) Planet T is located between planet S and CHAPTER 13
due to the friction with the atmosphere.
planet P 13.1 Therefore, the effects of collision will be
(e) Planet R  1 (a) (iii) worst in space as compared to the Earth.
 4 (a) The Earth (b) (ii)
(b) (ii) ✓ (c) (i)
(iv) ✓  2 (a) Meteoroid, stone, metal PRACTICAL
(b) comets Guided Experiment 1.1
KBAT Corner (c) nickel Variables
The food resources will reduce due to the increase (d) asteroid, Mars, Jupiter (a) manipulated: Temperature, light and
in the Earth temperature. The plants wilt and the (e) small humidity
possibility of photosynthesis process will be lower. (f) head; tail (b) responding: Distribution of woodlice
Animals reproduction will also decrease because (g) dust, Sun (c) constant: Number of woodlice
the temperature is too high. The extremely high  3 (a) Sun
temperature may affect human health because (b) air Observation:
human body might be losing a lot of water. It may (c) meteor A
affect the human immunisation system due to the (d) a streak of light
excess UV rays. Besides, being exposed directly to (e) meteorite
UV rays may cause skin cancer. (f) meteorite
(g) crater
PISA/ TIMSS Corner  4 (a) belt Hot water (60 °C) Water at room temperature
(26 °C - 30 °C)
A (b) Amor; outside; crossing; Earth
(c) asteroid; Earth B Cavered with black cloth

MEMORY BOOST (d) large; destroy

 5 (a) ✓
 1 Light Years(ly)
(b) ✗
 2 Earth; Sun
(c) ✓
 3 light
(d) ✓
 4 Mercury Water at room temperature
(e) ✗ (26 °C - 30 °C)
 5 Earth
 6 Jupiter C
KBAT Corner
 7 Saturn
 8 Neptune The Earth has its atmospheric layer. When a
 9 water meteoroid enters the Earth’s, it will burns and
 10 oxygen resulting a streak of light due to the frictions or
 11 temperature the meteor that burns out before they reach the Water at room temperature
(26 °C - 30 °C)
Anhydrous calcium chloride

 12 atmosphere Earth. However, there are meteors that can reach
 13 Sunlight the Earth. These meteors are known as meteorites.
 14 gravity The meteorite impact will form craters. The size Discussion
 15 temperature; Sun; temperature; Sun of craters formed are small since the size of the A 1 The area with water at room temperature
 16 farther; Sun; longest meteorites are small. (26 °C-30 °C)
2 To ensure the survival of species
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE PISA/ TIMSS Corner B 1 To prevent the light from entering the
B Petri dish
 1 (a) The Earth
2 It will die
(b) (i) Contains high oxygen content for
MEMORY BOOST C (a) To absorb water vapour
respiration process
(b) To the area that contains water (high
 1 Meteoroid
humidity)
 2 10

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Conclusion (c) white precipitate; red (b) responding:
medium; dark; high (d) milky solution Rate of evaporation
Conclusion (c) constant:
Inquiry Experiment 3.1 (a) starch Surrounding temperature, exposed
Observation: (b) Benedict’s test surface area, movement of air
(a) dark blue (c) protein B Variables:
(b) brick-red precipitate (d) Alcohol-emulsion test (a) manipulated:
Surrounding temperature
Inquiry Experiment 3.2 (b) responding:
Observation: Rate of evaporation
(c) constant:
Test tube A Test tube B
Humidity, exposed surface area,
Food test
Beginning After 30 minutes Beginning After 30 minutes movement of air
C Variables:
Iodine test Brown Dark blue Brown No change (a) manipulated:
Exposed surface area of water
Benedict’s test Blue No change Blue Brick-red (b) responding:
precipitate is Rate of evaporation of water
formed (c) constant:
Humidity, surrounding temperature,
Discussion Observation: movement of air and volume of water
1 To make sure that there is no starch and D Variables:
Observation (a) manipulated:
glucose residue in the saliva collected.
Food test Beginning of End of Movement of air
2 Test tube A
3 It is the most suitable temperature for the experiment experiment (b) responding:
enzyme in the saliva to react. Iodine test Brown No change Rate of evaporation of water
4 starch (c) constant:
Benedict’s Blue Brick-red Humidity, surrounding temperature,
5 iodin test; dark blue
test precipitate is exposed surface area of water and
6 starch; glucose
formed volume of water
Conclusion
Discussion Discussion
starch; glucose
1 Small intestine 1 To absorb moisture in the air
Guided Experiment 3.3 2 Blood 2 Humidity of air depends on the amount
Variable: 3 So that the enzyme works at optimum rate of water vapour in the air. High amount
(a) manipulated: Content in the Visking tube 4 Amylase of water vapour will prevent more water
(b) responding: Presence of glucose in the 5 The starch suspension is digested into glucose particles from escaping to the air.
distilled water by the enzyme in the saliva 3 Higher surrounding temperature gives more
(c) constant: Type and size of Visking tube, energy to the water particles so that they can
temperature, time Conclusion move faster and overcome the attraction
Glucose that is digested from starch suspension force between the particles to escape into the
diffuses through the Visking tube into the distilled air.
water. Hypothesis is accepted 4 Evaporation only occurs at the surface of
Inquiry Experiment 5.1 water. Larger exposed surface area allows
Observation: more water particles to escape into the air.
1 (a) 3 cm (b) 6 cm 5 Movement of air removes water vapour at the
2 surface of water. This provides more space for
more water particles to escape to the air.
Test tube Test for gas Observation Inference
Conclusion
low; high; large; fast
Glowing wooden
P The splinter reignites Oxygen is present in the test tube
splinter
Guided Experiment 5.3
Activity A
Variables:
Burning wooden A ‘pop’ sound is Hydrogen gas is present in the
Q (a) manipulated:
splinter heard test tube
Temperature of solvent
(b) responding:
Rate of solubility
Conclusion Inquiry Experiment 5.2 (c) constant:
1 hydrogen; oxygen A Variables: Quantity and size of solute
2 H₂O (a) manipulated:
Humidity

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Activity B Variables: Conclusion:
Variables: (a) manipulated: Resistance  1. resistance
(a) manipulated: (b) responding: Current  2. accepted
Rate of stirring (c) constant: Voltage
(b) responding: B
Rate of solubility Procedure: Aim: voltage, current
(c) constant:  1. A nichrome wire is fixed on a meter ruler. The
Quantity and size of solute two ends of the wire were fixed at the two ends Hypothesis:
of the ruler. the higher the current
Activity C  2. The circuit is connected as in the diagram.
Variables:  3. The jockey is placed 20 cm away from the nail Variables:
(a) manipulated: on the left side. (a) manipulated: Number of dry cells
Size of solute  4. The reading of the ammeter is recorded. (b) responding: Reading of ammeter
(b) responding:  5. The jockey is then placed at 40 cm, 60 cm, (c) constant: Resistance
Rate of solubility 80 cm and 100 cm away from the nail on the
(c) constant: left side. Procedure:
Rate of stirring  6. The readings of the ammeter are recorded.  1. The circuit is connected as in the diagram
above.
Results Observation:  2. The switch was closed and the readings of the
Activity A: faster voltmeter and ammeter are recorded.
Activity B: faster Distance of the jockey Reading of  3. More dry cells were connected in series one
Activity C: smaller from the nail (cm) ammeter (A) by one until 5 dry cells are connected.
20 1.2  4. The readings of the voltmeter and ammeter
Conclusion are recorded every time after one dry cell is
faster; increased; faster; smaller 40 1.0 added.
60 0.8 Observation:
Inquiry Experiment 6.1
Observation: 80 0.6 Reading of voltmeter Reading of ammeter
Student’s answer (V) (A)
100 0.4
1.2 0.2
Conclusion:
Discussion: 2.4 0.4
1 Orange juice; vinegar; tamarind
 1. (a) increases
2 Detergent; coffee; toothpaste 3.6 0.6
(b) increases
  2. decreases, current 4.8 0.8
Inquiry Experiment 6.2
Observation:
6.0 1.0
Student’s answer

Discussion:
1 Neutralisation Discussion:
2 7  1. Voltan / Voltage (V)
3

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide

6.0

Sodium chloride + Water 5.0

4 (a) Potassium sulphate; Water

4.0
(b) Calcium nitrate; Water
∆V
Conclusion 3.0
acid; alkali; salt; water

2.0
Guided Experiment 7.1
A
Aim: the relationship between resistance and 1.0
∆I
current

Hypothesis: 0 Arus
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Current (A)
resistance, current

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  2. Current is directly proportional to voltage. Observation: Inquiry Experiment 8.3
Hypothesis: surface area; pressure
  3. Gradient : 6.0 – 1.2 = 6 Number of turns Number of attracted pin
1.0 – 0.2
 4. resistance, 6 Ω 10 3 Variable:
20 5 (a) manipulated: Surface area
 5. Voltage
Current (b) responding: Depth of dent
30 7
(c) constant: Metal blocks of the same mass
40 9
Conclusion:
50 12 Results: Student’s answer
 1. The higher, greater
 2. accepted
Discussion: Discussion:
Guided Experiment 7.2 1 increases; increases 1 The depth of dent is reduced
A Hypothesis: current; stronger 2 increase; increases 2 The larger the surface area, the lower the
3 directly proportional pressure exerted
Variable: 3
(a) manipulated: Current Conclusion: Metal block P Metal block Q
(b) responding: Number of pins attracted more; stronger
(c) constant: The number of turns of the coil
Inquiry Experiment 8.1
Observation: Results:
A dropped to the ground
Current (A) Number of attracted pin
B are attracted to the plastic ruler
0.5 3 C does not slide down
1.0 4 D are attracted to the bar magnet
4 Force per unit area (direction of force is
1.5 7 perpendicular to the surface area)
Discussion:
2.0 9 pulled; pushed; forces; types
Conclusion: larger; lower
2.5 10
Conclusion:
Inquiry Experiment 8.4
Discussion: gravitational force; electrostatic force; frictional
Observation:
1 increases; increases force; magnetic force
Activity A: decreases; increases
2 higher; increases
Inquiry Experiment 8.2
Activity B
Conclusion: Observation:
(a) increases; increases
The larger the current that flows through a Activity A: position
(b) decreases
conductor, the stronger the magnetic field.
Hypothesis is accepted. Activity B: faster
Conclusion:
1 the higher the air pressure in it.
B Hypothesis: greater; stronger Activity C: direction
2 the higher the air pressure.

Variable: Activity D: shape

(a) manipulated: Number of turns of the coil
(b) responding: Number of pins attracted Conclusion: position; speed; direction; shape
(c) constant: current

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