M3 Entry Procedure and Equipment

M3:
ENTRY PROCEDURE &

EQUIPMENT
CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
PROGRAM
LEARNING OUTCOME
Upon completion of this chapter, participants
will be able to:
2 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

VIDEO

PARTIES INVOLVED
1 •Employer
2 •Contractor
3 Entry Supervisor
4 •Authorised Gas Tester
5 •Permit Issuer
6 •Standby Person
7 •Authorised Entrant

DEFINITION
Authorised Entrant (AE)
• An employee who is authorised by the employer
to enter and do work in a confined space and
has attended a training course for AESP and
passed the examination
Standby Person (SP)

• A person who is stationed outside a confined
space to monitor the condition of the authorized
entrants, and to raise the alarm, if required and
has attended a training course for AESP and
passed the examination

DEFINITION
Authorised Gas Tester
• A competent person who is appointed by the employer
and is authorised by DOSH to carry out atmosphere
testing in a confined space
Entry Supervisor
• A person appointed by employer and is authorised by
DOSH to be responsible for determining that entry
conditions are acceptable
Permit Issuer
• A person who is trained as AGTES and authorized by the
employer. He cannot be the same person who
supervise the confined space activity.

DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
AS OWNER OF INDUSTRY
1. To inform his employees or contractor
▪ Entry is allowed only if requirements of ICOP are
complied
▪ Previously identified hazards
▪ Precautionary measures and procedures
implemented
2. Coordinate entry operation with contractors
3. Ensure all persons involved in entry operation carry
out their duties
4. Conduct debriefing at the end of entry

DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
AS CONTRACTOR
1. Obtain information regarding confined space
hazard and entry operation from the employer
2. Cooperate with owner when personnel will be
working in or near confined spaces
3. Brief the owner on the implementation of confined
space programme
4. Inform employer of hazards that the contractor
confronted or created through debriefing.
5. If the contractor possesses the site, they have to
comply with duties of employer
6. Ensure all persons involved in entry operation carry
out their duties

DUTIES OF PERMIT ISSUER
1. To update his knowledge of hazards in
confined space
2. To identify and recommend control
measures to ensure safe entry
3. Ensure there is no other incompatible
activity in the vicinity of the confined space
4. Authorise the permit to work
5. Endorse the cancellation and closure of
the permit to work

DUTIES OF ENTRY SUPERVISOR
1. Update knowledge of hazards that may be faced during
entry operation
2. Supervise all the activities before, during and after entry
operation.
3. Ensure the permit to work has been filled, tests specified by
the permit has been conducted, procedures and equipment
specified in the permit are in place before endorsing the
permit and allowing the entry
4. Remove unauthorised individuals who attempt to enter the
confined space during entry operation
5. Terminate the entry and cancel the permit if the acceptable
entry condition cannot be maintained

DUTIES OF ENTRY SUPERVISOR
6. Verify that the rescue services are available and
means for summoning them are operable
7. Be in-charge of communication during emergency
8. To ensure entry operation remain consistent with
terms in the permit, and acceptable entry
conditions are maintained
9. Brief entry team on hazards, permit to work
requirements and emergency procedures
10. Conduct debriefing
11. Close the permit to work
12. Submit the PTW to employer for record keeping

DUTIES OF AGT
1. To update his knowledge of hazards in

confined space
2. To identify hazards and recommend control
measures to ensure safe entry
3. Familiar with all equipment used in confined
space entry (including rescue equipment)
4. Test and interpret the reading from gas
detector

DUTIES OF STANDBY PERSON
1. To have knowledge of hazards in the confined space.
2. Aware of possible behaviour changes due to exposure to
hazards in the confined space
3. To ensure accurate count and identification of entrants in
confined space
4. Remain outside the assigned confined space area during
entry operation
5. Remain within his assigned work area outside the confined
space during entry operations until relieved by another
standby person.
6. Communicate with entrants or fire watch regularly to
monitor entrants, and to alert of the need to evacuate.

7. To monitor activities outside and inside the
confined space and order to evacuate if :
▪ the SP detects a prohibited condition as
stated above.
▪ the SP cannot safely perform all duties.
▪ any alarm is activated.
8. To summon rescue and emergency services if
entrants need assistance to escape from the
confined space.
9. To perform non-entry rescue only.

10. To ensure unauthorised persons do not enter
the confined space and to inform the entry
supervisor if an unauthorised person have
entered the confined space
11. Not to perform any duties that may interfere
with standby person duties
12. Monitor the condition of equipment required
for the entry

DUTIES OF AUTHORISED ENTRANT
1. To have knowledge of hazards in the confined
space.
2. Declare his fitness in writing prior to entry into
confined space.
3. To use equipment require to perform job
correctly.
4. To communicate with stand-by person regularly
and when he identify any dangerous situation
or prohibited condition.
5. To evacuate from confined space as quickly as
possible if required.

ENTRY PROCEDURE
FLOW CHART
STEP 1 •ENTRY PREPARATION
STEP 2 •ISOLATION
STEP 3 •INITIAL CLEANING
STEP 4 •INITIAL VENTILATION
STEP 5 •INITIAL GAS TESTING

ENTRY PROCEDURE
FLOW CHART
STEP 6 • CONTINUOS VENTILATION
STEP 7 • EQUIPMENT PREPARATION
STEP 8 • ISSUANCE OF PERMIT
STEP 9 • ENTRY AND WORK
STEP 10 • POST ENTRY

STEP 1 - ENTRY PREPARATION
Employer should:
• Review all related
documents (e.g. JSA,
HIRARC, PTW, health record
Request etc)
work by • Identify all hazards and risk
work assessed
leader • Make sure all team
members are competent
• Prepare all related
equipments

HEALTH REQUIREMENTS
Employees should be certified physically and mentally fit by OHD without health
problems such as :
Fits, blackout and faintings
History of heart disease and heart disorder
High blood pressure
Asthma, bronchitis and shortness of breath
Sensory problems : defective hearing, defective eyesight, defective sense of smell
Meniere's Disease - giddiness & loss of balance
Claustrophobia or other nervous disorders
Back pain or joint trouble that limits mobility
Any other disease or condition that may affect or endanger the person’s safety
and health
DECLARATION OF HEALTH STATUS BY AE
DECLARATION OF HEALTH STATUS BY AUTHORISED ENTRANT
Name :
……………………………………………………………………………………
NRIC / Passport No. ……………………………………………….
Date of Birth : ……………………….. Sex : …………………………
Name and Address and Employer :
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
I hereby would like to declare that having following sickness ……………..

and felt FIT / NOT FIT to work in confined space for ………………. (Date).
Remarks (if any) : ……………………………………………………………..
Signature.
……………………..
Date :
TRAINING
Code 12 - Training

PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM
Entry supervisor must

ensure the permit to work
has been filled, tests
To prepare The duration
specified by the permit has
permit to should be
been conducted,
work based just sufficient
procedures and
on risks to complete
equipment specified in the
identified the work
permit are in place before
endorsing the permit and
allowing the entry

STEP 2 - ISOLATION
Can we accept this

barricade and signage?

STEP 2 - ISOLATION
Depends on conditions or
activities of the confined space
Employer shall take proactive

steps :-
• Positive isolation – to prevent
accidental introduction of material
through piping, ducts, drains,
conveyor, etc.
• Isolation of all energy source. e.g.
heating, refrigerating media

STEP 2 - ISOLATION
Isolation
method for
moving parts
De-energise and
Tied down with
lock out or de-
chains and locks to
energise and tag out
ensure zero energy
all machinery that
condition
has moving parts

STEP 2 - ISOLATION
Isolation
method for
hazardous
materials
Closing and tagging

Remove valve, spool or both
piece or expansion
joint to prevent
dangerous material
entering into confined
space Insertion of spade or
blind

STEP 3 - INITIAL CLEANING
Where practicable, all solids and liquids which are
liable to present a hazard to persons inside the
confined space, shall be removed from the confined
space prior to entry
All identified liquids are drained and

flushed out in an appropriate manner
Potentially dangerous materials which

may be trapped in sludge, scale or other
deposits, may be released when
disturbed or heat is applied

STEP 3 - INITIAL CLEANING
▪ Other cleaning methods :-

STEP 4 - INITIAL VENTILATION

SUPPLY VENTILATION

EXHAUST VENTILATION

PUSH-PULL VENTILATION

STEP 5 – INITIAL GAS TESTING

STEP 6 - CONTINUOUS VENTILATION
Always use All electrical Make sure air

fresh air for ventilation intake is far Remove all
ventilation – equipment away from ignition
NEVER USE must be contaminated sources
OXYGEN grounded atmosphere

STEP 6 - CONTINUOUS VENTILATION
Make sure to
use intrinsically
safe equipment
when
ventilating
flammable
mixtures
Ensure that the
ventilation
system does
not pose
obstruction
during
emergency exit

STEP 7 - EQUIPMENT PREPARATION

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE)

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
All workers must use the standard protection

PPE, as required by the company, and any
other special PPE required for the job.
The types of PPE required will be mentioned in

the Permit to Work or PTW sheet.
The Entry Supervisor is responsible for ensuring

that this is done, prior to every entry.

THINGS TO PONDER FOR PPE
Suitability
Protection
Comfort
Storage
Maintenance/ service

PPE : HEAD PROTECTION
Function : Protect head form falling objects, such as pipes or beams

PPE : FOOT PROTECTION
Function : Protect from heavy objects such as barrels or tools

that might roll onto or fall on employee’s feet

PPE: EYE PROTECTION
Function : Protect from fume, dust and other flying particles

PPE: BREATHING PROTECTION
Function : Protect from fume, dust and other flying particles

PPE: HEARING PROTECTION
Function : Use ear protective devices when it’s not feasible to reduce
the noise

PPE: HAND PROTECTION
Function : Protect from any hazards which can cause hand injury

CONFINED SPACE EQUIPMENT
1. Ensure Ventilation equipment is installed
according to the type of hazardous gas
expected
2. Ensure Lighting equipment gives adequate
lighting for the work to be done
3. Ensure ladders and manholes are in
position for safe access and egress
4. Test communication equipment to
ensure they are in good working order
5. Check any other equipment required

GAS DETECTOR
A Gas Detector is an equipment used by an Authorized Gas
Tester, or sometimes by the authorized entrant, to detect levels
of gases in the confined space, and to give warning alarm if the
level is dangerous. Example of dangerous levels of gases are :
Oxygen (OX)
(< 19.5% or > 23.5%)
Explosive (EX)
(above 10% LEL)
Toxic (TOX)
(above PEL)

GAS DETECTOR
Components:
1. Sensor
2. Screen for display
3. Pump and probe, which –
❖Does not absorb the gas,
❖Is not flammable,
❖Is electrostatic free etc
4. Casing / handling
5. Data-logger for downloads

GAS DETECTOR
Change filters when

The gas detector should be dirty or blocked, or if
marked with calibration date, measurement is
and date of next calibration lower than
expected

BREATHING APPARATUS
Types of breathing apparatus:
Air Purifying Respirator (APR) Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)

BREATHING APPARATUS
3 types of Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) :

1. Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
2. Emergency Life Support Apparatus (ELSA) :
Escape Set
3. Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus (SABA) :
Airline System

SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS
1. Breathing Apparatus supplies you
with breathing air from a
compressed air source – it is
needed whenever the
atmosphere is no longer safe to
breathe.
2. It is designed to permit the wearer
to work safely in an atmosphere
that is dangerous to human
because of
▪ presence of Toxic gases
(Hydrogen Sulphide, Carbon
Monoxide etc),
▪ Oxygen Deficiency,
▪ Other hazards : Smoke etc
SELF CONTAINED BREATHING
APPARATUS (SCBA)
▪ SCBA is used whenever the

atmosphere is not suitable for
breathing and for emergency /
rescue operation.
▪ nominal duration is 30 - 40
minutes (depending on person’s
breathing rate, pressure and
volume)

APPARATUS (SCBA)
Component of SCBA:
Face mask
Cylinder Strap
Warning Whistle and LDV

Pressure Gauge
Pull forward
First Stage Reducer Harness

APPARATUS (SCBA)
Safety Guidelines for use of SCBA in a

confined space :
• Should only be used by trained personnel

• Not suitable for those who are heavily
bearded, have breathing problems
• Wear and Take-off BA outside the Confined
Space.
• Wear Distress Signal Unit ( DSU ) or tie entry
person with rope

EMERGENCY LIFE SUPPORT
APPARATUS (ELSA)
ELSA is used for self

rescue from confined
spaces when the
atmosphere becomes
dangerous

APPARATUS (ELSA)
Hood
Air hose
Cylinder (2L)
Pull pin assembly
Chest Bag
Pressure gauge

APPARATUS (ELSA)
1. Place strap over 2. During an 3. Wear and breathe

head and adjust emergency, remove normally. Walk from the
equipment to sit on hood from bag hazardous area calmly.
chest.
59 / 51
SUPPLIED AIR BREATHING
APPARATUS (SABA)
o For extended time use.
o 2 cylinders of remote air supply
from a mobile cylinder unit.
o Must have an operator to operate
the mobile cylinder.
o Face mask and LDV are the same
as SCBA.
o Used together with ELSA as
standby.

(EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT)
• Suitable clothing
• Breathing and resuscitation
apparatus + O2
• Safety harness + rope +
tripod
List of • Torches, lamps
emergency
equipment • Breathing apparatus – SCBA
• First aid equipment
• Audible alarm
• Communication sets
• Others…

WORK EQUIPMENT

EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
(SAFETY HARNESS )

EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
(TRIPOD WITH RECOVERY DEVICE )

EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
(DISTRESS SIGNAL UNIT (DSU)
This Distress Signal

Unit will emit a 103
dBA noise within 15
seconds of non-
activity, to wake up
the worker, if
possible, and also to .
warn others of his
condition

STEP 8 - ISSUANCE OF PERMIT TO WORK
The AGT carries out a gas test
and fills the results in the PTW
The Entry Supervisor verify the

PTW requested by the Work
leader/ Permit Applicant
Validity period and work

scope is mentioned in the
permit
Authorised entrant and
standby person must ensure
PTW has been authorised /
approved
PTW must be displayed at the

work area

Permit to Work must contain the following
information :
• Type and location of confined space
• Purpose of entry
• Date and duration of entry permit
• Name of authorized entrants
• Name of Permit Issuer (PI)
• Name of Entry Supervisor authorizing the entry
• List of hazards (and types)
• Isolation procedures

Permit to Work must contain the following information :
• Acceptable entry conditions.
• Results of gas testing and names of AGTES
• Communication procedures
• Equipment : PPE, testing equipment,
emergency alarm, rescue equipment and
work tools to be prepared
• Name of standby person and rescue
arrangements
• Any additional permit, any other information

STEP 9 - ENTRY AND WORK
Start work only after the permit is
approved by Entry Supervisor
All workers take their positions :
• Standby person : Monitors outside the confined

space, always alert to changing situations,
communicates with entrants
• AGT : conducts gas monitoring, prior to every
entry
• Authorised entrants : Use PPE, bring the right
work tools, enter the confined space and do
the specified job only; check work scope.
• Emergency response team is on standby

(COMMUNICATION)
Ensure constant
communication with
Standby person shall
entrants example :
be at the entrance
voice, visual, hand
of the confined area
signal, rope, whistle,
walkie talkie

Requirement for fire watcher :
• Have attended AESP and Fire

Watcher training
• When ever there is hot work activities
• Be prepared to respond to any
emergency, especially fire,
immediately.
• Watch out for any dangerous
condition or any activity that can
create fire.
• Keep constant contact with the
standby person.

STEP 9 – ENTRY AND WORK
(RESCUE AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES)
Standby person to call for help immediately.
Asking for help from ERT, BOMBA and medical
services.
Wait for help. Do not enter the confined

space, do not leave the area.
Ensure continuous ventilation.
Use proper equipment for retrieval (E.g tripod).
Give first aid treatment immediately if you’re

trained and competent to do so.

STEP 10 – POST ENTRY
Hand-over
worksite to
PTW closed owner
De-isolate,
re-energize
Debriefing
Housekeeping

STEP 10 – POST ENTRY
(RECORD KEEPING)

ANY QUESTION ?

THANK YOU
CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
PROGRAM

M3 Entry Procedure and Equipment

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M3:

ENTRY PROCEDURE &

2 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

3 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

4 •Authorised Gas Tester

4 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Standby Person (SP)

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7 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

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9 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

10 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

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1. To update his knowledge of hazards in

12 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

13 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

14 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

15 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

16 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

STEP 1 •ENTRY PREPARATION

STEP 3 •INITIAL CLEANING

STEP 4 •INITIAL VENTILATION

STEP 5 •INITIAL GAS TESTING

17 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

STEP 6 • CONTINUOS VENTILATION

STEP 7 • EQUIPMENT PREPARATION

STEP 8 • ISSUANCE OF PERMIT

STEP 9 • ENTRY AND WORK

STEP 10 • POST ENTRY

18 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

19 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Fits, blackout and faintings

History of heart disease and heart disorder

High blood pressure

Asthma, bronchitis and shortness of breath

Sensory problems : defective hearing, defective eyesight, defective sense of smell

Meniere's Disease - giddiness & loss of balance

Claustrophobia or other nervous disorders

Back pain or joint trouble that limits mobility

I hereby would like to declare that having following sickness ……………..

22 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Entry supervisor must

23 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Can we accept this

24 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Employer shall take proactive

25 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

26 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Closing and tagging

27 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

All identified liquids are drained and

Potentially dangerous materials which

28 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

29 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

30 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

31 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

32 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

33 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

34 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Always use All electrical Make sure air

35 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

36 © 2016 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.