Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PERSON – REFRESHER
CONFINED SPACE
SAFETY PROGRAM
M1:
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS & HAZARDS
LEARNING OUTCOME
❖Upon completion of this chapter, participants
will be able to:
SECTION 15 (1)
e. Maintenance of working
environment and provision of welfare
facilities
• (e) the provision and maintenance of a working environment for
his employees that is, so far as is practicable, safe, without risks to
health, and adequate as regards facilities for their welfare at work.
shall not be less than sixteen inches wide or not less than
eighteen inches in diameter if circular.
Organisations involved:
Physical
Environmental Chemical
HAZARD
Psychosocial Biological
Ergonomics
Inhalation
- Intake through the respiration system
Ingestion
- Intake through the mouth
Absorption
- Introduced through eyes and skin
Injection
- Introduction into the body by syringe or sharp object
Skin irritation
Eye damage
Corrosion
Sensitization
Carcinogen
Mutagen
Aspiration hazard
What do I
NEED TO
KNOW?
Where will they Is the risk
go? acceptable?
How can I
remove the
gases?
AIDS EXPLOSION.
> 23.5 % VOL.
DO NOT ENTER!
NORMAL CONCENTRATION
20.8 % VOL. IN AIR.
SAFE TO ENTER
DANGER OF ASPHYXIATION.
< 19.5 % VOL.
DO NOT ENTER!
Some gases
are inert –
Some gases Some gases Some gases they are not
are just toxic are just are both toxic or
but not flammable flammable flammable
flammable but not toxic and toxic but they can
be
asphyxiate
CEL
• Not to be exceeded during any part
of the working day, time exceeds the
ceiling limit
100% LEL
10% LEL
Ex d Flameproof
Ex e Increased safety
Ex p Purged / pressurised
Ex o Oil filled
Ex q Sand/powder filled
'Epsilon-x' logo for
explosion proof
Ex m Encapsulated equipment
Ex n Non-incendive
Ex s Special protection