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PROJECTREPORT2021 BUS4ME
UG DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE PEOPLES

CO-OPERATIVE ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE
MUNNAD,KASARAGOD-671541
A Project Report On
“BUS4ME”
Submitted to Kannur University in the partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the Award
of Bachelor of Computer Science.
By
AJIN RADHAKRISHNAN
Sixth Semester BSc Computer Science
Under The Guidance Of
Mrs. JYOTHI M
Assistant Professor in Computer Science

UG Department of Computer Science
Peoples Co-operative Arts and Science College
Munnad, Kasaragod-671541
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UG DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE PEOPLES

CO-OPERATIVE ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE
MUNNAD,KASARAGOD-671541
A Project Report On
“BUS4ME”
Submitted to Kannur University in the partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the Award
of Bachelor of Computer Science.
By
AJIN RADHAKRISHNAN
Sixth Semester BSc Computer Science
Under The Guidance Of
Mrs. JYOTHI M
Assistant Professor in Computer Science

UG Department of Computer Science
Peoples Co-operative Arts and Science College
Munnad, Kasaragod-671541
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PEOPLES CO-OPERATIVE ARTS AND SCIENCE

COLLEGE MUNNAD
Affiliated to Kannur University
CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that the Project work entitled“BUS4ME” is an authenticated

record of theproject work carried out by AJIN RADHAKRISHNAN
(PM18CCSR19) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
Degree in the field of Computer Science for Kannur University under my
guidance and supervision during the academic year 2018- 2020.
Internal Guide Head of Department
Submitted for theprojectevaluation heldon……………………………………
Signature of Examiners:
1………………………………………
2………………………………………
Place: Munnad
Date:13-07-2021
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We present our Project work entitled “BUS4ME” with great pleasure
and satisfaction. Behind every achievement there is a deep sea of
gratitude to those who activated , encouraged and supported it. We
would like to thank the people who had supported us during the course
of our project. We will fail in our duties if we forget to thank Almighty
for giving us his blessing and spiritual grace in carrying out our work
successfully.
First of all we are greatly indebted to our principal Dr. C.K.Luckose,who has
provided us valuable guidance.
We express our sincere thanks to our project guide Ms.Maneesha Ayyankav

& Mr.Sajaad UFLORET SOFTWRAE &HARDWARE
SOLUTIONSKasaragod encouragement and commitment over our project
without which we may not have completed our project work successfully and
schedule .
We are immensely grateful to our internal guide Mrs. Jyothi V for

supporting and guiding throughout the project work.
Finally we would like to thank our family and friends who have played a
major role in regard to the completion of the project work.
In preparing this report,we are thankful to so many people hat it is

difficult to name them all. However we extend our sincere and greatful
thanks to all of them.
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DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the entire work entitled “BUS4ME” has been
prepared by us during us during the year 2018-2021 under the guidance of
Ms.Maneesha Ayyankav & Mr.Sajaad
UFLORET SOFTWRAE &HARDWARE SOLUTIONS,
Kasaragod and Mrs.Jyothi V Assistant Professor Department of Computer
Science, Peoples Co-operative Arts and Science College Munnad,Kasaragod
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor Of
Computer Science of Kannur University ,Kannur, Kerala. We also declare
that this project work has not been submitted by us fully or partially for the
award of any Degree, Diploma, Title or recognition before any authority.
Place:Munnad
Date:13-07-2021
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ABSTRACT
The Computerized Bus Depot Management System collects and maintains a

database having information about maintenance of buses, their daily collection reports.
The system provides the storage and instance access of all critical information. It
manages everything from data entry, daily reports, of both main depot and sub depot.
The system comprises of an admin, conductor and bus. The admin is the one who
registers the conductors and drivers, bus and assign conductors and drivers to each bus.
The allocated will get the entire details of each buses. Conductors can report
their daily collections, and daily wages of employees. And driver will update kilometers
travelled by the bus. Admin get bus maintenance report effectively through a
computerized approach.drivers of each buses can report the maintenance details to
admin. Admin will get the notification.
This system reduces the human efforts. Every single piece of information is fed
up into the system. In this method there is no chance of losing important data and it will
be always safe enough so that it reduces the use of paper reports or documents. And it
will be comfortable for sudden action when a maintenance issue occur.
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE/OVERVIEW

1.1 System Introduction 1.2
Scope of the project 1.3
Modules of the project
2. SOFTWARE REQUIRMENT SPECIFICATION

2.1 System study 2.2 System specification 2.3 About Software
3. PROJECT DESIGN
3.1 System Design 3.2 Data Flow Diagram 3.3 Table Design 3.4
Input-Output Design 3.5 Usecase Diagram
4. IMPLEMENTATION DEATAILS
4.2 Implementation phase 4.2 Implementation plan
5. TESTING
5.1 Purpose of Testing 5.2 Test Career
6. CONCLUSION
6.1 Future Enhancements
7. APPENDIX
7.1 Screenshots
8.BIBILIOGRAPHY
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1. INTRODUCTION
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1. INTRODUCTION
The BUS4ME collects and maintains a

database having information about maintenance of buses, their daily collection
reports. The system provides the storage and instance access of all critical
information. It manages everything from data entry, daily reports, of both main
depot and sub depot. The system comprises of an administrator, conductor and
bus. The administrator is the one who registers the conductors ,drivers , buses
and assign conductors and drivers to each bus.
The allocated conductors of each buses can login to this site and add the
maintenance details. Administrator will get the notifications. And he will get the
entire details of each buses. Conductors can report their daily collections, and
daily wages of employees. And he will update kilometres travelled by the bus.
Administrator get bus maintenance report effectively through a computerized
approach.
This system reduces the human efforts. Every single piece of information is feed
up into the system. Depot can also manage the store keeping reports. In this
method there is no chance of losing important data and it will be always safe
enough so that it reduces the use of paper reports or documents.
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PROJECT OVERVIEW
This is a website for Bus Depot Management system. The
BUS4MEcollects and maintains a database having information about maintenance of buses,
their daily collection reports. The system comprises of an administrator, conductor and bus.
The administrator is the one who registers the conductors, bus and assign conductors and
drivers to each bus. The following users are associated with the proposed system:
1. Administrator
2. Conductor
3. User
(1.3) NEEDFORSYSTEM
The major objectives of the computerization in any field are to make man’s job easier. The
ability of computer to store data and retrieve the stored data quickly has made in an effective
tool. The objective of computerizing the organization is to store data there by storing the
space for files, receiving of required data, printing forms, etc…
The main features of Bus Depot Management System are mentioned below:
 We can reduce human work.
• Timely registration process.
• It reduces cost.
• It reduces errors.
• Highly secured
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• It can save time.
• Access documents easily.
(1.4) MODELFORDEVELOPMENT
Waterfall Model is used to develop this application with object oriented concepts. The
waterfall model is another iterative model that has been proposed. As the name suggests, the
activities in this model can be organized like a waterfall that has many cycle.
The waterfall model is a classical model used in system development life cycle to create a
system with a linear and sequential approach. It is termed as waterfall because the model
develops systematically from one phase to another in a downward fashion. This model is
divided into different phases and the output of one phase is used as the input of the next phase
.Every phase has to be completed before the next phase starts and there is no overlapping of
the phases.
There are five phases in waterfall model, they are:

 Requirements analysis and specification
 Design
 Implementation and unit testing
 Integration and system testing
 Operation and maintenance
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS
(2.1) INTRODUCTION
The scope of the computerization in any field is increased. Speed, accuracy and storage
capacity are the factors supporting the field. Here this project we are trying to make the works an
easier job. Storing large amount of data without damage is a headache. Using a computer to store
data can solve the problem. We do not have to speed time going through old files.
The major objectives of the computerization in any field are to make man’s job easier.
The ability of computer to store data and retrieve the stored data quickly, has made it an effective
tool to solve the drawback of manual labour. The objective of computerizing the organization is
to store data thereby storing the space for files, preventing data from being lost, quick and
effective retrieval of required data, printing forms etc.
Our project is to develop an website for Bus Depot Management System. This application
is useful for Bus owner, Conductor, Driver and Ordinary users. The website is created for collects
and maintains a database having information about maintenance of buses, their daily collection
reports.
The Bus Depot Management System consists of different types of users. Such as
1. Administrator
2. Conductor
3. User
In this project we prepared different forms and report for maintenance of several details such as
Bus details, Employee details, notifications, etc.
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(2.2) METHODOFANALYSIS
The first step of designing a system is to identify the drawback of existing system. The working
of the existing system is examined and studied for this purpose. One must know what information
is to be gathered, where it to be fined, how it to be collect and how it to be make useful for the
project. Training experience and common sense are required the collection of information. Data
was gathered and checked for completeness and accuracy of the information. The tool for
gathering information are:-
1. Interviews
2. Questionnaire preparation
3. Phone conversation
4. Group discussions.
(2.3)EXISTING SYSTEM
In the existing system Reservation process is manual Maintaining the bus details. In
existing system sometimes the data’s are lose. The accuracy of manual system is very poor.
So they want a new computerized system.
(2.4)PROPOSEDSYSTEM
The proposed system has many advantages than existing system. The proposed method tells
the details of all the buses, their daily collection, expenses etc. The data’s will never lost from the
computer. Through the demerits of the manual system will make
Proposed system advantages:

1. We can reduce human work.
2. It is easy to work.
3. It reduces errors.
4. It can save time.
5. It will manage large number of bus details.
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REQUIREMENTS
SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS
FrontEnd:HTML,CSS,Bootstrap4,JavaScript
BackEnd:Python3.8flask
Database:MySQL
ServerSideScripting:Python
Platform:Windows,macorubuntu
HARDWAREREQUIREMENTS
Microprocessor: Intel CORE i3 or more
ClockSpeed:1.3GHZ
RAM:4 GB or more
Hard Disk: 500 Gb or more
Keyboard:Standard keyboard
Mouse:Standard mouse
Connectivity:LAN
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FUNCTIONALDESCRIPTION
The project is mainly divided into three users.
1. Administrator (manager)
2. Conductor
3. Normal user
1. Administrator
This module is for the administrator who has the overall control over the bus management
system. The administrator is the person who is the head of the organization. The administrator is
the one who registers the conductor and the bus and assign the conductor to each bus.
Administrator can view the details of all bus and their daily collection, expense, complaints etc.
The above described are the some of the main responsibilities of the administrator.
2. Conductor
This module is for the conductor who can login to the site using their password .This is one of
the major module in this project .conductor can have many duties ,he will assign coworkers to
each bus and he can add their daily collection. Conductor will update km travelled by bus and the
conductor can send the complaints and problems the administrator.
3. Normal user
Normal user can does not login to this site. Because the normal user who can just view
the timing of the bus in a particular route. Normal user can send complaintsetc
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
Feasibility analysis is the procedure for identifying the candidat
system,evaluating and electing the most feasible system. This is done by investigating
the existing system in which area under investigation or generally ideas about an ew
system.
There are three feasibility studies are made for thesystem.
They are:-
1. Economic FeasibilityStudy
2. BehavioralFeasibilityStudy
3. TechnicalFeasibilityStudy
Economic Feasibility Study

It is an important task of system analysis.A system that canbe developed
economically and technically must be profitable for the organization. Financial
benefitsmust equal or exceed the costs. The analysis reuse financial and economic
quality during the preliminary investigation to estimate following:-
 The cost to conduct a full system investigation.
 The cost of hardware and software for the class of application of the project being
considered
 The benefits in the form of reduced costs or fewer costly errors
 The cost of nothing changed.
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Behavioral Feasibility Study

The computer application will decrease the work load. It is easy to calculate
andcompare the income and expense. As a result the new system gets encouragement
from the users.Therefore the proposed system is behavioral feasible.
Technical Feasibility Study

The assessments of technical feasibility centers on the existing system and
towhat extent it can support the proposed addition this was based on an outline
designrequirements.It involves financial consideration to accommodate technical
enhancements.
Actor Identification
An actor is someone or something that interact with the system. An actor
ishe/she who uses the system. An actor exchanges information with the system. Asking
certain question as detailed below can identify the actorof the system.
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3.SYSTEMDESIGN
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(3.1)INTRODUCTION
System design provides an understanding of the procedural details,
necessaryimplementing the system recommended in the feasibility study. Basically it is
all aboutthe creation of a new system. This is a critical phase since it decides the quality
of the system and has a major impact on the testing and implementing phases.
System design consists of three major steps.
 Drawing of the expanded system data flow charts to identify processing function
required.
 The allocation of the equipment and the website to be used.
 The identification of the test requirements for the system.
Characters of design
 A design exhibit a hierarchical organization that makes intelligent use of control
among the software.
 A design should be modular.
 A design should contain distinct and separable representation of data and procedure.
 A design should lead to interface that reduce the complexity of the connection
between modules and with the externalenvironment.
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(3.2)TABLE DESIGN
Database design is required to manage large bodies of information. The management
ofdata involves both the definition and the structure of information and provisions
ofmechanism for the manipulation of information. For developing an efficient data base
contain conditions have to be fulfilled suchas:
1. Controlredundancy.
2. Easeofuse.
3. Dataindependence.
4. Accuracyandintegrity.
There are five major steps inde sign process:
1. Identify the table and relationship.
2. Identify the data that is needed for each table and relationship.
3. Verify the design.
4. Implementing the design.
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Login
Primarykey:lid
Description: This table isused to store the username and password.
Fieldname Datatype Constraints Description
Lid int Primarykey Serialid
username varchar(45) Username
password varchar(45) Password
Type Varchar(45) Type of the user
Table3.2.1
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Registration
Primarykey:rid
Foreignkey:lid
Description:This table shows the user registration.
FieldName Datatype Constraints Description
rid int Primarykey user id
Name varchar(45) First name of user
Mobile varchar(45) Mobile number
Email varchar(45) Mail id of the user
Experience varchar(45) Experience of user
District varchar(45) District of user
Driver_conduc varchar(45) Select whether Driver or

tor Conductor
lid int Foreignkey
Table3.2.2
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Bus registration
Primary key:id
Foreign key:lid,ro_id
Description:This table shows the user registration.
bid Int Primarykey busid
busname varchar(45) busname
from varchar(45) Place of origin
to varchar(45) Destination place
regno varchar(45) Register number of bus
lid int Foreignkey Login id
departure varchar(45 Departure time

)
arrival varchar(45 Arrival time
)
ro_id int Foreignkey Route id
Table3.2.3
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Dailyexpence
Primarykey:did
Foreignkey:bid
Description:This table shows the daily expences
did int Primarykey Daily expence id
totalcollections varchar(45) Total collections
fuelexpence varchar(45) Expence of fuel
salary varchar(45) Salary of workers
otherexpence varchar(45) Other expences
balance varchar(45) Balance of these expences

and earnings
bid int Foreignkey Bus id
Table3.2.4
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Intermediate
Primarykey:i_id
Foreignkey:ro_id
Description:Intermediate table
i_id int Primarykey Intermediate id
Ro_id int Foreignkey Route id
intermediate varchar(45)
Table3.2.5
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Route
Primarykey:ro_id
Description:This table shows specific route of bus
Ro_id Int Primarykey routeid
from varchar(45) Origin
to varchar(45) Destination
via Varchar(45) Way of running
Table3.2.6
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Staff allocation
Primarykey:sid
Foreignkey:bid,d_id,c_id
Description:This table shows specifies allocation of staff
sid Int Primarykey Staff allocation id
bid int Foreignkey Bus id
D_id int Foreignkey
C_id int Foreignkey
date text
Table3.2.7
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Time
Primarykey:t_id
Foreignkey:bid,i_id
Description:This table shows time
t_id Int Primarykey Time id
bid Int Foreignkey Bus id
I_id Int Foreignkey Intermediate id
time Varchar(45) time
Table3.2.8
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Feedback
Primarykey:fid
Foreignkey:bid
Description:This table shows specific route of bus
fid Int Primarykey feedbackid
regno varchar(45) registernumber
busname varchar(45) Name of bus
feedback varchar(500) Feedback
email Varchar(45) e-mail
bid Int Foreignkey Bus id
Table3.2.9
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(3.3)DFD-DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
A graphical representation is used to describe and analysis the movement of

datathrough a system manual orautomated including the processes,storing of data
anddelays in the system. Data flow diagrams are the central tool and the basis from
which other components are developed.
The transformation data, from input to output through process may be described
logically and independently of the physical components associated with the system.
They are termed logical dataflow diagrams showing the actual

implementationand the movement of data between people, department and workstation.
DFD is one ofthe most important modelling tools is used in system design.DFD shows
the flow of data through different process in the system.
PURPOSE
Thepurposeof thesystem design is to create architecture for the evolving
implementation and to establishing the common tactical policies that must be used
bydesperate elements of the system. We begin the design process as soon as we
havereasonably completed model of the behaviour of the system. It is important to avoid
premature designs, where in develop designs for analysis reaches closer. It is important
to avoid delayed where in the organization crashes while trying to complete an
unachievable analysis model.
Throughout our project, the context flow diagrams, data flow diagrams and
flowcharts have been extensively used to achieve the successful design of the system. In
myopinion “efficient design of data flow and context flow diagram helps to design
thesystem successfully without much major flows within the scheduled time “. This is
themost complicated part in the project. In the designing process, myproject took
morethan the activities in the software life cycle. If we design a system efficiently with
all the future enhancements the project will never become junk and it will beoperational.
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The data flow diagrams were first developed by Larry Constantine as a way
ofexpressing system requirements in graphical form. A data flow diagram is also known
as“bubble chart” has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and identifying
major transformations that will become programs in system design.It functionality
decomposes the requirement specification down to the lowest level. Data Flow Diagram
depicts the information flow,transformation flow and thetransformations that are applied
as data move from input to output. Thus DFD describes what data flows rather than how
they are processed.
Data Flow Diagram is quite effective: especially when the required design
isunclear and the user and analyst need a notational language for communication. It is
oneof the most important tools used during system analysis. It is used to model the
systemcomponents such as the system process, any external entities that interact with the
system and information flows in the system.
Data Flow Diagrams are made up of a number of symbols, which

representssystem components. Data Flow modelling method users four kinds of
symbols, which used to represent four kinds of system components.Thereare
1. Process.
2. Datastores.
3. Dataflows.
4. Externalentity.
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PROCESS
Process shows the work of the system. Each process has one or more data inputs
and procedure one or more data outputs.Processes are represented by rounded rectangles
in Data Flow Diagram. Each process has a unique name and number. Thisname and
number appear inside the rectangle that represents the process in a Data Flow Diagram.
DATA STORES
A data source is are pository of data. Processes can enter data,into a store or retrieve
the data from the data store.Each data has a uniquename.
DATAFLOWS
A data flow shows the passage of data in the system and is represented by
linesjoining system components. An arrow indicates the direction of flow and the line is
labelled by name of the data flow.
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EXTERNAL ENTITY
External entities are outside the system but they either supply input data into
thesystem or use other systems output. They are entities on which the designer has
control.They may be an organizations customer or other bodies with which the system
interacts.External entities that use the system data are sometimes called sinks.These are
represented by rectangles in the Data Flow Diagram. Four basic symbols are used to
construct data flow diagram. They are symbols that represented by rectangles in the Data
Flow Diagram
Four basic symbols are used to construct data flow diagrams. They are symbols
thatrepresent data source, data flows, data transformations and data storage. The points
at which data are transformed by enclosed figures,usually circles,which are called nodes.
Data flow Diagrams are used to define the flow of systemand its
Data Flow Diagrams are used to define the flow of system and its resources such
asinformation .DFDs are a way of expressing system requirements in a graphical
manner.DFD represents one of the most ingenious tools used for structured analysis. A
DFD isalso known as a bubble chart. In the normal condition, logical DFD can be
completedusingonlyfournotations.
Represents source or destination of data
Represents dataflow
Represents a process that transforms incoming data
Represents datastore.
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Level 0
Level 1
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Level 2.1
Level 2.2
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Level 2.3
Level 2.4
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(3.4)INTERFACEDESIGN
(3.4.1)INPUT INTERFACE
Input design is a part of overall system design, which requires very careful
attention.If data goinginto the system is correct, then the processing and outputwill
magnifythese errors. Thus, the designerhas a number of clearobjectivesin the
differentstagesofinputdesign.
 Toproduceacosteffectivemethodofinput.
 Toachievethehighestpossiblelevelofaccuracy.
 Toensurethatinputisacceptabletoandunderstandbytheuser.
(3.4.2)OUTPUTINTERFACE
At the beginning of the output design various types of outputs such as
external,internal,operationalandinteractiveandturnaroundaredefined.Thentheformat,conte
nt, location, frequency, volume and sequence of the outputs are specified. Thecontent of
the output must be defined in detail. The system analysis has two specifics atthis stage.
 To interpret and communicate the results of the computer part of a system to

theusersina form,whichtheycanunderstand,andwhich meetstheirrequirements.
 To communicate the output design specifications to programmers in a way in

whichitisunambiguous,comprehensiveandcapableofbeingtranslatedintoaprogrammin
glanguage.
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(3.5) SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

HTML
The definition of HTML is Hypertext Mark-up Language. Hypertext is

themethodbywhichyoumovearoundontheweb-byclickingonspecialtextcalledhyperlinks
which brings you to the next page. The fact that it is hyper just means it is notlinear- i.e.
you can go to any place on the internet whenever you want by clicking on thelinks there is
no set order to do things in. Mark-up is what HTML tags do to the text insidethem.They
markitas a certain type of text(Forexample,hyperlinks).HTMLis alanguage,asithas
codewords andsyntaxlikeanyotherlanguage
CSS
It stands for Cascading Style Sheet. Style sheet refer to the document itself. Style
sheetshave used for document design for years. There are the technical specifications for
alayout, whether print or online. Print designers use style sheets to ensure that their
designare printed exactly tospecifications.A style sheetfor a web page serves
thesamepurpose, but with the added functionality of also telling the viewing engine (the
WebBrowser) how to render the document being viewed. CSS is used to style web pages.
Butthere is more to it than that. Css is used to style XHTML and XML mark-up
(includingXHTML) you can use css to define how it willlook.Css is also used to define
how a webpages shouldlook when viewedin other media than a web browser. For
example,youcancreatea printstyletodisplaythewebpage ona projectorfora slide show.
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BOOTSTRAP
Bootstrap is a free and open-source CSS framework directed at responsive,
mobilefirst front end web development. It contains CSS and (optionally) java Script –
baseddesigntemplatesfortypography,forms,buttons,navigationandotherinterfacecompone
nts.
Bootstrap, originally named Twitter Blueprint, was developed by Mark Otto

andJacob Thornton at Twitter as aframework toencourage consistency across
internaltools. Before Bootstrap, various libraries were used for interface development,
which ledto inconsistencies and a high maintenance burden. According to Twitter
developer MarkOtto:
A super small group of developers and I got together to design and build a
newinternal tool and saw an opportunity todosomethingmore. Through
thatprocess,wesaw ourselves build something much more substantial than another
internal tool. Monthslater, we ended up with an early version of Bootstrap as a way to
document and sharecommondesignpatternsandassets withinthecompany.
After a few months of development by a small group, many developers at

Twitterbegan to contribute to the projectas a part of Hack Week, a hackathon-style
weekforthe Twitter development team. It was renamed from Twitter Blueprint to
Bootstrap, andreleased as an open source project on August 19, 2011. It has continued to
be maintainedby Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and a small group of core developers, as
well as a largecommunityofcontributors.
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PYTHON
Pythonisaninterpreter,high-level,general-purposeprogramminglanguage.Created by
Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, Python's design philosophyemphasizes
code readability with its notable use of significant whitespace. Its languageconstructs
and object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear,
logicalcodeforsmallandlarge-scaleprojects.
Pythonisdynamicallytypedandgarbage-
collected.Itsupportsmultipleprogrammingparadigms,includingprocedural,object-
oriented,andfunctionalprogramming. Python is often described as a "batteries included"
language due to itscomprehensivestandardlibrary.
Python was conceived in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC language.
Python2.0,releasedin2000,introducedfeatureslikelistcomprehensionsandagarbagecollecti
on system capable of collecting reference cycles. Python 3.0, released in 2008,was a
major revision of the language that is not completely backward-compatible,
andmuchPython2codedoes notrununmodifiedonPython3.
The Python 2 language, i.e. Python 2.7.x, was officially discontinued on 1

January2020 (first planned for 2015) after which security patches and other
improvements willnotbe releasedforit. With Python 2's end-of-life, only Python 3.5.x
andlater aresupported.
Python interpreters are available formany operating systems. A global

communityofprogrammersdevelopsandmaintainsCPython,anopensourcereferenceimplem
entation. A non-profit organization, the Python Software Foundation, managesanddirects
resourcesforPythonandCPythondevelopment.
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MYSQL
MySQL is an open-source relational database managementsystem (RDBMS). Its nameis
a combination of “My”, the name of co-founders Michael Widenius's daughter,
and"SQL",theabbreviationforStructuredQueryLanguage.
MySQL is free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU General
PublicLicense, and is also available under a varietyof proprietary licenses.MySQL
wasowned and sponsored by the Swedish company MySQL AB, which was bought by
SunMicrosystems (now Oracle Corporation). In 2010, when Oracle acquired Sun,
Wideniusforkedtheopen-source MySQL projecttocreateMariaDB.
MySQL is acomponentof the LAMPweb application software stack(and others),which is

an acronym for Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python. MySQL is used
bymanydatabase-drivenwebapplications,includingDrupal,Joomla,phpBB,andWordPress.
MySQL is also used by many popular websites, including Facebook,
Flickr,MediaWiki,Twitter,andYouTube.
MySQL is written in C and C++. Its SQL parser is written in yacc, but it uses a home-
brewedlexical analyser.MySQL works on many system
platforms,includingAIX,BSDi,FreeBSD,HP-UX,eComStation,i5/OS,IRIX,Linux,macOS
,MicrosoftWindows,NetBSD,NovellNetWare,OpenBSD,OpenSolaris,OS/
2Warp,QNX,Oracle Solaris, Symbian, SunOS, SCO OpenServer, SCO UnixWare,
Sanosand Tru64.AportofMySQL toOpenVMSalsoexists.
The MySQL server software itself and the client libraries use dual-licensing
distribution.TheyareofferedunderGPLversion 2,oraproprietarylicense.
Support can be obtained from the official manual. Free support additionally is
availableindifferentIRCchannelsandforums.OracleofferspaidsupportviaitsMySQLEnterp
rise products. They differ in the scope of services and in price. Additionally, anumber of
third party organisations exist to provide support and services, includingMariaDB
andPercona.
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MySQL has received positive reviews,andreviewers noticedit"performs

extremelywellintheaveragecase"andthatthe"developerinterfacesarethere,andthedocument
ation (not to mention feedback in the real world via Web sites and the like) isvery, very
good". It has also been tested to be a "fast, stable and true multi-user, multi-
threadedsqldatabaseserver.
FLASK
Flaskis amicrowebframeworkwritten in Python.It is classified as amicroframework
because it does not require particular tools or libraries. It has no databaseabstraction
layer, form validation, or any other components where pre-existing third-party libraries
provide common functions. However, Flask supports extensions that canadd application
features as if they were implemented in Flask itself. Extensions exist forobject-relational
mappers, form validation, upload handling, various open authenticationtechnologies and
several common framework related tools. Extensions are updated
farmorefrequentlythanthecoreFlaskprogram.
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4. TESTING
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TESTING AND EVALUATION

Testing is a process of executing program with the intent of finding an
error.Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and the
ultimatereview or specification, design and coding. Testing includes verification of the
basiclogic of each program and verification that the entire system works properly.
Testingdemonstrates that software functions appear to be working according to
specification. Inaddition,data collectedas testingconductedprovide agoodindication of
softwarequality as a while. The debugging process is the mostunpredictable part of
testingprocess.
Testing begins at the module level andworks towards the integration of theentire
computer based system testing and debugging are different activities, during
thedevelopment and modification of the software. There are two types of verifications
butany testing includes debugging strategy for software testing mustaccommodate
lowlevelteststhatarenecessary toverify thata smallsourcecodesegmenthasbeencurrently
implemented as well as high level tests that validate major system
function,againstcustomerrequirements.Notestingiscompletewithoutverificationandvalidat
ionpart.
The goals of verification and validation activities are to access and improve
thequalityofworkproductsgenerated;theyarelifecycleverificationandformalverification.
Life Cycle verification is the process of determining the degree to which theproducts of
the given phase of the development cycle fulfill the specification establishedduring the
prior process. Formal verification is the rigorous mathematical demonstrationthat source
code confirms to its specifications. Validation is a process of evaluatingsoftware at the
end of the software development process to determine completion withtherequirements
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Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents

theultimate review of specification, design and code generation. The primary
objectives,whenwetestsoftware arethefollowing:
 Testingisaprocessofexceedingwiththeintentoffindinganerror.
 Agoodtestisonethathasahighprobabilityoffindinganundiscoverederror.
 Asuccessfultestisoneuncover undiscoverederrors.
Automatedtesting isperformedatfourdifferentlevels:
* Unit testing.
* Integrationtesting.
* Systemtesting.
* Acceptancetesting.
UNIT TESTING
Unit testing comprises the set of tests performed by an individual
programmerprior to the integration of the system. Testing removes residual bugs and
improves thereliability of the system. Testing allows the developer to find out the
design faults ifany, and enable correction if needed. Exhaustive unit testing has to be
carried out toensure the validity of the data. In order to successfully test the entire
package, unit testis carried out. Each module was tested as when it was developed.Thus
it proved easiertoconductminutetestingoperationandcorrectthemthenandthere.
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INTEGRATING TESTING
Bottom - up integration is the traditional strategy used to integrate the component
ofsoftware system into a functional whole. Bottom - Up integration consists of unit
testing,followed by subsystem testing and followed by testing of entire system. Unit
testing hasthegoalofdiscoveringtheerrors intheindividualpartsofthe system
Parts are tested in isolation from one another in an artificialenvironment known as "Test
Harness ", which consists of driver of programs and data necessary to exercise
themodulesunittestingshouldbeasexhaustiveaspossibletoentirethateachrepresentative case
handled by each module has been tested. Unit testing is eased by
asystemstructurethatiscomposedofsmalllooselycoupledmodules.
A subsystem consists of several modules that communicate with each other throughwell-
defined interfaces. Normally, subsystem implements a major segment of the totalsystem
the primary purpose of the subsystem is to verify operation of the interfacesbetween two
modules in the subsystem. Both control and data interfaces must be
rested.Largesoftwaresystemmayrequireseverallevelsofsubsystems.Lowerlevelsubsystems
aresuccessivelycombinedtoformhigherlevelsubsystems.Inmostsoftware systems,
exhaustive testing of subsystem capabilities is not feasible due to thecombination
complexity of the module interface. Therefore, test cases must be
carefullychosentoexercise theinterfaceinthedesired,manner.
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ACCEPTANCE TESTING
Acceptancetestinginvolvesplanningandexecutionoffunctionaltests,performance
tests and stress tests in order to demonstrate that the implemented systemsatisfies its
requirements. It is not to unusual for two sets of acceptance test to be
run,thosedevelopedbythequalitygroupandthosedevelopedbythecustomer.
Inadditiontothefunctionalandperformancetests,stresstestsareperformedtodetermine the
limitation of the system. For example, a compilermight be tested todetermine the effect
of the symbol table overview, or real-time system might be tested todetermine the
effectofsimultaneous arrivalofnumeroushighprioritiesinterrupts.
SYSTEM TESTING
System testing is similar to integration testing, but instead of integrating
modulesinto programs for testing, programs in a system. System testing can be defined
in manyways, but a simple definition is that validation succeeds when the software
functions in amannerthatcanbereasonablyacceptedbythecustomer.
TESTING STRATEGIES
A strategy for software testing integrated software test case design method in to
awell planned series of steps that results in the successful construction of the
software.The strategy provides a road map that describes the step to be conducted as part
oftesting, when these steps are planned and then undertaken, and how much effort,
timeand resources will be required. Therefore any testingstrategy mustincorporate
testplanning, test case, design, test execution, resultant data collection and evaluation.
Asoftwaretestingstrategyshould beflexibleenoughtopromotereasonableplanningand
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managementtrackingas theprojectprogress.Thegeneralcharacteristicsof
softwaretestingstrategies are
 Testingbeginsatthecomponentlevelandworks"outward"toward
theintegrationoftheentirecomputersystem.
 Differenttestingtechniquesareappropriateatdifferentpointintime.
A strategy for software testing must accommodate low-level tests that are necessary
toverify that a small source code segment has been correctly implemented as well as
high-
levelteststhatvalidatemajorsystemfunctionsagainstcustomerrequirements.Astrategymustp
rovideguidanceforthepractitionerandsetofmilestonesforthemanager. Because the step on
the test strategy occurs at a time when deadline pressurebegins
torise,progressmustbemeasurableandproblem mustsurface as early aspossible.
The software teams approach to testing is defining a plan thatdescribes an

overallstrategyandaprocedurethatdefinesspecifictestingstepsandtestthatwillbeconducted.
In the proposed system, if the administrator makes any attempt to login to theapplication
without entering his password, then the system will not allow the user
tologintotheapplication.
TESTING TECHNIQUES
Systemtestingisthestageofimplementation,whichisaimedatensuringthatthesys
temworksaccuratelybeforeliveoperationcommence.Testingistheprocessofcorrectingap
rogramwiththeintendoffindingtheerror.Aseriesoftestsareperformedtoensurethatthesyst
emworks accuratelyandefficiently.Someofthe testcasesperformed are:
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UNIT TESTING
Unit testing enables a programmer to detect an error in coding. In

thistesting, the smallest unit of the software design is tested. Here all the four
modulesaretestedthatareregistrationmanagement,donationmanagement,servicemanag
ementandcomplaintsandfeedbackmanagement.Thefourmodulesconsistof many
forms for storing and retrieving details of donations like blood, dress, andfoodand
soon.Thetesting wascarried outduringtheprogrammingitself.
Each of these forms was tested separately by putting values into

variousfieldsof formsandtheoutputswerecomparedwith
eachinputdata.Wealsoverified the forms by giving in correct inputs with the
expectation that the systemwill pop the error which ensures the correctnessof the
system. The coding errorslike in correct use of syntax and semantics were generated
at this level which wascorrected. The mismatch outputs for different fields came up
which was found andcorrected. The data acceptance of the form waschecked and the
outputs given outbyeachformwereverified.
INTEGRATION TESTING
In the integration testing, after connecting the back-end and the front-end
aswhole module, the data entered in the front-end once submitted must be
successfullyentered in the database as well as successfully retrieved in to forms. The
main aim ofintegration testing is to properly connect the forms and the database (front
end andbackend) when any request is made. In our system we designed the database
andspecified all the tables and its attributes before adding values to the forms through
thefrontend.
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WHITEBOXTESTING
White-box testing also called a glass box testing, is a test case

designmethod thatgoes to the control structure of a procedural design to derive
testcase .Using white-boxtestingmethods,the softwareengineer cancanderivetestcasesthat
 Guaranteethatallindependentpathswithinamodulehavebeenexercisedatleastonce.
 Exercisedalllogicaldecisionsontheirtrueandfalsesides.
 Executeallloopsattheirboundariesandwithintheiroptionalbounds.
 Exerciseinternaldatastructuretoensuretheir validity.
White-
boxtestingwassuccessfullyconductedonoursystem.Allindependentpathswithinamodulehave
beenexercisedontheirtrueandfalse sides.
BLACK BOX TESTING
Black-boxtestingalsocalledbehaviouraltesting,focusesonthefunctional
requirements of the software. It is complementary approach that is likely
touncoverdifferentclassesoferrorsthanwhite-boxmethods.
Black- Boxtestingattemptstofinderrorsinthefollowingcategories.
 Incorrectormissingfunctions.
 Interfaceerrors.
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 Errorsonthedatastructureorexternaldatabase access.
 Behaviororperformanceerrors.
 Initializationandterminationerrors.
Black - Box testing was successfully conducted on our system. The system was
dividedinto a number of modules and testing was conducted on each module.We have
testedthe system for incorrect or missing functions andinterface errors. Performance
errorsandtheflow of informationbetweenensuringinterface.
SYSTEM TESTING
In the system testing, the system was tested as a whole. This type of testing
willdecide the quality of the software. The system must meet the specification, design
andcode.Theoutputproducedshouldcomeupintheexpectedformatandmustbeaccurate.Ifthe
systemdoesnotproducerequiredoutputinaproperformatitcouldnotbeuseful.
In system testing phase, we tested the entire system by giving valid input and check
forthe expected output. The system was also checked by giving invalid input to ensure
thatthere is no occurrence of errors. It was ensured that the system produced accurate
resultsinthecorrectformat.
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5. IMPLEMENTATION
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SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONS
Implementation is the stage of the project where the theoretical design
isturned a working system. An important aspect of a system analyst’s job is to
makesure that then ER design is implemented to established
standards.Implementationis used here to mean the process of converting new or a
revised system design intoan operational one. It can be considered to be the most
crucial stage in achieving asuccessful new system gaining the users confidence that
the new system will workand will be effective and accurate. It is primarily
concerned with user training anddocumentation.
A crucial phase in system life cycle is the successful implementation of the new system
design. Implementation includes all those activities that take place in conversion from old
system to new one. The new system may be completely new or replacing an existing
system. In either case, proper implementation become necessary so that a reliable
system based on the requirement of the organization using the new system, but proper
installation will provide it. It has been observed that even the best system cannot show
good result if the analysts managing the implementation do not attend every important
detail. This is an area where the system analysis need to work with most care.
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6. CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
I hereby conclude this project by me provides the better service all bus owners and we
have successfully completed the project.
The system has been decided in such a way that it can be modified with vary effort when
such a need arise. Due its user friendliness, other may use these documents as a
prototype for developing similar applications. The system has to be work efficiently and
effectively..
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7. APPENDIX
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HOMEPAGE
LOGIN
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ADD ROUTE
INTERMEDIATE STOP
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OWNER PAGE
CONDUCTOR PAGE
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8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
 PythonBasics:APracticalIntroductionto Python3-
4theditionbyDavidAmos,DanBader,JoannaJablonski,FletcherHeisler.
 HTMLandCSS: Designand BuildWebsites–byJonDuckett
 https://www.w3schools.com/python/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/frontend-vs-backend/

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PROJECTREPORT2021 BUS4ME

UG DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE PEOPLES

Submitted to Kannur University in the partial fulfillment of the

Sixth Semester BSc Computer Science

Under The Guidance Of

Assistant Professor in Computer Science

UG DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE PEOPLES

Submitted to Kannur University in the partial fulfillment of the

Sixth Semester BSc Computer Science

Under The Guidance Of

Assistant Professor in Computer Science

PEOPLES CO-OPERATIVE ARTS AND SCIENCE

This is to Certify that the Project work entitled“BUS4ME” is an authenticated

Internal Guide Head of Department

Submitted for theprojectevaluation heldon……………………………………

We express our sincere thanks to our project guide Ms.Maneesha Ayyankav

We are immensely grateful to our internal guide Mrs. Jyothi V for

In preparing this report,we are thankful to so many people hat it is

The Computerized Bus Depot Management System collects and maintains a

1. INTRODUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE/OVERVIEW

2. SOFTWARE REQUIRMENT SPECIFICATION

The BUS4ME collects and maintains a

 We can reduce human work.

• Timely registration process.

• It can save time.

• Access documents easily.

There are five phases in waterfall model, they are:

Proposed system advantages:

Hard Disk: 500 Gb or more

There are three feasibility studies are made for thesystem.

Economic Feasibility Study

 The cost to conduct a full system investigation.

 The benefits in the form of reduced costs or fewer costly errors

 The cost of nothing changed.

Behavioral Feasibility Study

Technical Feasibility Study

System design consists of three major steps.

 The allocation of the equipment and the website to be used.

 The identification of the test requirements for the system.

 A design should be modular.

There are five major steps inde sign process:

1. Identify the table and relationship.

3. Verify the design.

4. Implementing the design.

Description: This table isused to store the username and password.

Fieldname Datatype Constraints Description

Lid int Primarykey Serialid

username varchar(45) Username

password varchar(45) Password

Type Varchar(45) Type of the user

Description:This table shows the user registration.

FieldName Datatype Constraints Description

rid int Primarykey user id

Name varchar(45) First name of user

Mobile varchar(45) Mobile number

Email varchar(45) Mail id of the user

Experience varchar(45) Experience of user

District varchar(45) District of user

Driver_conduc varchar(45) Select whether Driver or

Description:This table shows the user registration.

Fieldname Datatype Constraints Description

bid Int Primarykey busid

busname varchar(45) busname

from varchar(45) Place of origin