Science 

(from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a

systematic enterprise that builds and
organizes knowledge in the form of
testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
Science in a broad sense existed before the modern
era and in many historical civilizations

Astronomy became more accurate
after Tycho Brahe devised his scientific instruments for
measuring angles between two celestial bodies, before the
invention of the telescope. Brahe's observations were the
basis for Kepler's laws.
 Galileo Galilei, regarded as the father
of modern science

Isaac Newton, shown here in a 1689

portrait, made seminal contributions to classical
mechanics, gravity, and optics. Newton shares credit
with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus.
 Charles Darwin in 1854, by then working
towards publication of On the Origin of Species.

Chemistry is the study of matter,

its properties, how and why substances combine or separate to
form other substances, and how substances interact with
energy.
 An ammeter is a measuring
instrument used to measure the current in a circuit

An anemometer is a device used for

measuring the speed of wind, and is also a common
weather station instrument. 
 A calorimeter is an object used for
calorimetry, or the process of measuring the heat of
chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat
capacity.
 A DNA sequencer
is a scientific instrument used to automate the DNA
sequencing process. Given a sample of DNA, a DNA
sequencer is used to determine the order of the four
bases: G, C, A and T. This is then reported as a text
string, called a read.

A gravimeter is an instrument used to

measure gravitational acceleration. Every mass has an
associated gravitational potential. The gradient of this
potential is an acceleration. A gravimeter measures this
gravitational acceleration.

A hydrometer or areometer is an
instrument used for measuring the relative density of
liquids based on the concept of buoyancy. They are
typically calibrated and graduated with one or more scales
such as specific gravity.
 The term biology is derived from
the Greek word βίος, bios, "life" and the suffix -λογία, -
logia, "study of."[7][8] The Latin-language form of the term
first appeared in 1736 when Swedish scientist Carl
Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) used biologi in his Bibliotheca
botanica. It was used again in 1766 in a work
entitled Philosophiae naturalis sive physicae: tomus III,
continens geologian, biologian, phytologian generalis,
by Michael Christoph Hanov, a disciple of Christian Wolff.

Carl Linnaeus, also known after his

ennoblement as Carl von Linné, was a Swedish botanist,
physician, and zoologist who formalised binomial
nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms.
He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy"

Ernst Haeckel's Tree of Life (1879)

Ernst Haeckel was a

German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician,
professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered,
described and named thousands of new species, mapped
a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many
terms in biology,
including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny,
and Protista.

Human cancer cells with nuclei

(specifically the DNA) stained blue. The central and
rightmost cell are in interphase, so the entire nuclei are
labeled. The cell on the left is going through mitosis and its
DNA has condensed

Natural selection of a population

for dark coloration.
 Basic overview of energy and
human life.

The hypothalamus secretes CRH,
which directs the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH. In turn,
ACTH directs the adrenal cortex to
secrete glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. The GCs then
reduce the rate of secretion by the hypothalamus and the
pituitary gland once a sufficient amount of GCs has been
released.[39]

Physics is the natural science that studies matter and its

motion and behavior through space and time and that
studies the related entities of energy and force. Physics is
one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its
main goal is to understand how the universe behaves.
 Albert Einstein was a German-born
theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity,
one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also
known for its influence on the philosophy of science.