RELAY SETTINGS OF

ELECTRICAL GENERATOR
Bijadhar Pandey
Certified Energy Auditor (CEA)
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Govt. of India, Delhi
 GENERATOR & SYSTEM DATA
Sl.no Parameters Values
1 Rated active power output 24000KW
2 Rated apparent power output 30000KVA
3 Rated Voltage 11000 V +/- 5%
4 Rated Current 1575 A
5 Rated Power factor 0.8 lag
6 Rated Frequency 50 Hz
7 Speed 1500 RPM
I2s = 10% Cont.
8 Negative sequence Capability
I2 sq.t = 15 sec
9 Synchronous Reactance Xd 0.23828 p.u
10 Transient Reactance X`d 0.1710 p.u
11 Sub transient reactance X``d 0.1239 p.u
12 CT Ratio 1800/1
13 PT Ratio 11000V/110V
 OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION:(59)

• Type of Relay : Part of P343

• Rated generator Voltage : 11 KV +/-5%
• Stage 1 ,over voltage relay (59.1) is set at 10 % higher
than rated voltage .
• PT secondary voltage = 110 V ( From data sheet)
• Relay setting = 1.10 x 110 = 121 V
• Time delay = 0.3 sec
• Action - it is for alarm setting only and for change over
from Auto channel to manual channel.
 OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION:(59)

• Type of Relay : Part of P 343

• Rated generator Voltage : 11 KV +/-5%
• Stage 2, over voltage relay (59.2) is set at 10 % higher
than stage 1.
• PT Secondary voltage = 110 V ( From data sheet)
• Relay setting = 1.20 x 110 = 132 V
• Time delay = 2 sec ( it should not be too long )
• Action - To Trip
OVER CURRENT PROTECTION:(51G)

• Type of Relay : MICOMP343

• Over Current Relay , Definite time (51.1G)
• Rated generator Current : 1575 A
• Current at -5 % Generator Voltage = 1575 /0.95 = 1658A
• CT Primary Current = 1800 A
• Relay Setting = 1658/1800 = 0.9211 P.U
• Time delay recommended = 6 Secs
• Action - Alarm
REVERSE POWER PROTECTION :(32R)
• Type of Relay : Part of P343
• Rated power in terms of signals to the relay
= ( 1.732x110 x 1575/1800x1) = 167W
• Relay shall be able to sense 0.5% of rated power.
• Relay setting = (0.5/100 x 167) = 0.835
• Min setting available = 4 W
• Setting Recommended = 4 W
• Time delay recommended = 1.0 sec
• Delay drop off = 0 sec
• Compensating angle= 0 Deg.
• Action : To trip
 LOW FORWARD POWER
PROTECTION:(37G)
• Type of Relay : Part of P343
• Rated power in terms of signals to the relay
= ( 1.732x110 x 1575/1800x1) = 167W
• Relay shall be able to sense 0.5% of rated power.
• Relay setting = (0.5/100 x 167) = 0.835
• Min setting available = 4 W
• Setting Recommended = 4 W
• Time delay recommended = 1.0 sec
• Action : To trip
UNDER VOLTAGEPROTECTION:(27G)

• Type of Relay : Part of P343

• Rated Generator Voltage = 11 +/- 5%
• Under voltage setting = 90% of the rated voltage.
• Relay setting = ( 90/100 x 110 ) = 99V
• Time delay recommended = 3 sec
• Action : To trip
UNDER FREQUENCY PROTECTION:(81)
• Type of relay : Part of P343
• From the capability and the safety of TG set trip setting
recommended at 47.5 HZ
• Alarm settings are to be made at 1 Hz interval to alert
the operator for corrective action as to reduce the loads
accordingly. So the following settings are recommended
• Stage 1 , frequency =48.5Hz ,
• Time delay = 2 sec ,
• Action : Alarm
• Stage2, frequency = 47.5 Hz
• Time delay = 3 sec
• Action : To Trip
OVER FREQUENCY PROTECTION:(81.3)

• Type of Relay : part of P343

• From the capability and the safety of TG set trip setting
recommended at 51.5 HZ
• Relay settings recommended , frequency = 51.5 Hz
• Time delay = 2 sec
• Action : To trip
 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT
PROTECTION: (46G)
• Type of Relay : Part of P343
• It is for unbalanced loads and as a back up for un cleared
unsymmetrical faults.
• Stage1 , Alarm stage
• Rated current of Generator/ CT primary current =
1575/1800 = 0.875A
• I2s capability of generator = 10% of rated current
• Alarm threshold ( I2>) = 0.1x0.875 = 0.0875 P.U
• Time setting for alarm = 10 sec
 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT
PROTECTION: (46G)
• Type of Relay : Part of P343
• Trip threshold setting ( I2>>) = 0.875 ( little higher than
alarm threshold)
• Thermal capability constant ( heating)
K = 15*0.875*0.875 = 11.48 sec
• Thermal capability constant ( cooling) = same as K
• Maximum operating time = 500 sec
• Minimum operating time = 3 sec
• Action : To trip
STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION:
(64G)
• Type of Relay : part of P343
• Fault Current = 200 A
• CT ratio = 200/1
• E/F at 95 % of the stator winding = 5 % of E/F current
= 5/100 x200
= 10A
• Corresponding CT secondary current = 10/200 = 0.05A
• Current setting ( In) :0.05A
• T.M.S setting to be decided to achieve proper relay
coordination with down stream protection.
• TMS ( sec) : 1
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION:(87G)
• Type of Relay : Part of P343
• The basic differential current setting ISI defines the pick
up setting of differential protection for internal faults.
• The lowest possible value should be chosen to enable it
to detect the worst case faults.
• Recommended setting for ISI = 0.05In
• As per relay manufacturer recommended settings for
1) threshold for increased bias IS2 = 1.2In
2) K1 =0%
3) K2 =150%
• Action: To trip
 LOSS OF EXCITATION
PROTECTION:(40G)
• Type of relay : Part of P343
• This protection is to prevent generator running as an
Induction generator.
• Generator transient reactance in sec. ohms
= (X`d/100 x KV2/MVA x CTR / PTR)
= ( 17.10 /100 x (11x11)/30 x (1800/1)/ (11/0.110)
= 12.41
• Mho offset = Xa = X`d/2 = 12.41/2 = 6.20 ohms
• Relay to be set at nearest setting available. The relay
which is referred is MICOMP343 in which it was 6.65
ohms
• Xa =6.65 ohms.
 LOSS OF EXCITATION
PROTECTION:(40G)
• Type of Relay : Part of P343
• Generator synchronous reactance in sec ohms
= Xd/100 x KV2/MVA x CTR/PTR
= 238.28/100 x (11x11)/30 x (1800/1)/(11/0.110)
= 172.97 ohms
• Mho diameters = Xd = 172.97 ohms
• Recommended setting for Xd = 172.97
• Delay pick up time = 2 secs.
• Delay drop off time = 1 secs.
• Action : To trip
 LOSS OF EXCITATION
PROTECTION:(40G)
• Type of Relay: Part of P343
• Generator synchronous Reactance in sec. ohms
= Xd/100 x KV2/MVA x CTR/PTR
= 238.28/100 x (11x11)/30 x (1800/1)/(11/0.110)
= 172.97 ohms
• Mho diameters = Xd = 172.97 ohms
• Recommended setting for Xd = 172.97
• Delay pick up time = 2 Secs.
• Delay drop off time = 1 Secs.
• Action : To trip
UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY:(27/40G)

• This relay is connected between R & Y phases to PT

• It works in conjunction with loss of excitation40G in
MICOMP343.
• Voltage setting recommended = 70% of rated voltage
= 0.7 x 110 = 77 V
• Time delay = 2 sec.
OVER FLUXING PROTECTION:(95G)

• Type of relay : Part of P343

• PT secondary Voltage =110V
• Rated Frequency = 50Hz
• V/F ratio = 110/50 = 2.2
• 5% tolerance in voltage at rated frequency is allowed.
• Recommended relay setting = 1.05 x2.2 = 2.31 v /Hz
• Relay setting = 2.31V/Hz ( stage -1 for alarm)
• Time Delay = 1 sec
• Trip Setting = 1.10x 2.2 = 2.42 V/Hz( Stage 2 for trip)
• Time Delay = 1 sec
CHECK SYNCHRONIZATION RELAY

• Type of relay : SKE

• Settings : Phase angle difference = 10 Deg.
• Voltage difference = 2%
• Time = 1 sec