Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab Manual

Basic Electrical and Electronics

Engineering Lab (EE-206L)
(Fall 2021)

Lab Report # 05

Submitted By:

Name: _____________________
Roll No: _____________________
Group No: ___________________

Submitted To:
Engr. Waqas Hussain Shah

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Air University - Aerospace and Aviation Campus,
Kamra

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University Aerospace & Aviation Campus Kamra
 Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab Manual

AIR UNIVERSITY, AEROSPACE & AVIATION

CAMPUS KAMRA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

LAB 05

LAB TITLE: Series and Parallel combination of Capacitors

LAB ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Unsatisfactory Poor

Attributes
(5) (3 - 4) (1 - 2) (0)
Ability to perform experiment
Effective use of lab equipment
& follows lab safety rules
Ability to draw circuit and
interpret the simulation
results

Total Marks: ______________ Obtained Marks: ______________

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Unsatisfactory Poor

Attributes
(5) (3 - 4) (1 - 2) (0)
Simulation and experimental
result
Analysis Question &
Conclusion

Total Marks: ______________ Obtained Marks: ______________

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University Aerospace & Aviation Campus Kamra
 Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab Manual

Experiment No 05:

Series and Parallel combination of Capacitors

OBJECTIVES
 Learn what actually makes a capacitor storing device.
 How to check the validity of capacitor through DMM.
 Overview of different types of capacitors and combination in circuits.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
 Power Supply
 Capacitors (10uF, 22uF, 47uF, 100uF)
 DMM
 Bread Board

THEORY
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component
used to store energy electrostatically in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary
widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e.,
insulator). The conductors can be thin films of metal, aluminum foil or disks, etc. The 'non-
conducting' dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. A dielectric can be glass,
ceramic, plastic film, air, paper, mica, etc. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical
circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, a capacitor does not dissipate
energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

You might be wondering about electrical terminologies relating to capacitors, let’s explore it.
The very first thing you must be aware of is:

Electric Field
An electric property associated with each point in space when charge is present in any
form. The magnitude and direction of the electric field are expressed by the value of E, called
electric field strength or electric field intensity or simply the electric field. Knowledge of the
value of the electric field at a point, without any specific knowledge of what produced the field,
is all that is needed to determine what will happen to electric charges close to that particular
point.

Capacitor
The capacitor was originally known as a condenser or condensator. A capacitor is a
device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with
two terminals.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University Aerospace & Aviation Campus Kamra
 Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab Manual

Capacitance
The ratio of the amount of electric charge stored on a conductor to a difference in
electric potential. The storage capacity of capacitor is measured in capacitance and is given as:
𝑪 = 𝑸/𝑽
“A capacitor has a capacitance of 1 Farad(F), if 1 Coulomb(C) of charge is deposited on
the plates by a potential difference of 1 Volt(V) across its plates.”

COMBINATION OF CAPACITANCE
Same like Resistor, capacitors are also connected in series and parallel.

Parallel Capacitance
The charges are stored serially in different capacitors according to the capacity of the
capacitors the overall charge of the circuit gets distributed among the capacitors.
In Parallel combination of capacitance. When capacitors are connected together in parallel the
total or equivalent capacitance, CT in the circuit is equal to the sum of all the individual
capacitors added together. This is because the top plate of capacitor, C1 is connected to the top
plate of C2 which is connected to the top plate of C3 and so on up to Cn.
CT = C1 + C2 + C3 + …… Cn
The same is also true of the capacitors bottom plates. Then it is the same as if the three sets of
plates were touching each other and equal to one large single plate thereby increasing the
effective plate area in 𝒎𝟐 .

Figure 1. Parallel combination of capacitors

Series Capacitance
In the series circuit above the right-hand plate of the first capacitor, C1 is connected to
the left-hand plate of the second capacitor, C2 whose right-hand plate is connected to the left-
hand plate of the third capacitor, C3. Then this series connection means that in a DC connected
circuit, capacitor C2 is effectively isolated from the circuit.
The result of this is that the effective plate area has decreased to the smallest individual
capacitance connected in the series chain. Therefore, the voltage drop across each capacitor
will be different depending upon the values of the individual capacitances.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University Aerospace & Aviation Campus Kamra
 Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab Manual

Figure 2. Series combination of capacitors

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + + +⋯
𝑪𝑻 𝑪𝟏 𝑪 𝟐 𝑪𝟑 𝑪𝒏

PROCEDURE
1. Visually inspect the capacitor. If leaks, cracks, bulges or other signs of deterioration are
evident, replace the capacitor.
2. Turn the dial to the Capacitance Measurement mode and connect the DMM probes (at Cx)
in such a way that it is set to measure capacitance. You can also consult your multimeter’s
user manual for instructions.
3. Connect the following capacitors in such a manner and find the equivalent capacitance
practically using DMM and theoretically.

+ DMM --

Practical: CT = ___________

Theoretical: CT = ___________

Theoretical Calculations:

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University Aerospace & Aviation Campus Kamra
 Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab Manual

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4. Repeat the procedure for the parallel circuit showing below.

+
DMM
--

Practical: CT = ___________

Theoretical: CT = ___________

Theoretical Calculations:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University Aerospace & Aviation Campus Kamra
 Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab Manual

5. Repeat the procedure for the circuit showing below.

+
DMM
--

Practical: CT = ___________

Theoretical: CT = ___________

Theoretical Calculations:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University Aerospace & Aviation Campus Kamra
 Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab Manual

ANALYSIS QUESTION

Q1) Is there any difference in calculation b/w the equivalent capacitance and resistance
obtained from their respective formulas?
Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………………………

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Q2) What happens to you if touch a fully charged capacitor having a voltage range lies 100V
to 200V and above?
Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………………………

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Q3) Briefly describe the capacitor behavior with AC and DC Power supply provided across
its terminals?
Ans: ……….…………………………………………………………………………………

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University Aerospace & Aviation Campus Kamra
 Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab Manual

CONCLUSION

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University Aerospace & Aviation Campus Kamra