Department of Electrical Engineering

The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

Program: Bachelor of Electrical Engineering Semester: II

Subject: EE-121 (Linear Circuit Analysis) Date:

Lab No 13: CHARACTERISTICS OF RLC SERIES AC CIRCUIT 

Objectives:
 The objective of this experiment is to analyze and verify the Maximum power transfer
theorem.

Name: Muhammad Saad Roll No: BEE-FA19-010

Rubrics
Performance Lab Report

Description Total Obtained Description Total Obtained

Marks Marks Marks Marks
Experiment 10 Organization/ 05
Related Structure
knowledge
Data Analysis 10 Data 05
Presentation
Total Marks Total Marks
Obtained Obtained

Remarks (if any):- ____________________________

Signature:-__________________________________
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

THEORY:
An RLC circuit (or LCR circuit) is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor,
and a capacitor, connected in series or in parallel. The RLC part of the name is due to those
letters being the usual electrical symbols for resistance, inductance and capacitance
respectively. The circuit forms a harmonic oscillator for current and will resonate in just the
same way as an LC circuit will. The difference that the presence of the resistor makes is that
any oscillation induced in the circuit will die away over time if it is not kept going by a
source. This effect of the resistor is called damping. Some resistance is unavoidable in real
circuits, even if a resistor is not specifically included as a component. A pure LC circuit is an
ideal which really only exists in theory.
The analysis of a series RLC circuit is the same as that for the dual series RL and RC circuits
we looked at previously, except this time we need to take into account the magnitudes of
both XL and XC to find the overall circuit reactance. Series RLC circuits are classed as
second-order circuits because they contain two energy storage elements, an inductance L and
a capacitance C. Consider the RLC circuit below.

Series RLC Circuit

 
The series RLC circuit above has a single loop with the instantaneous current flowing
through the loop being the same for each circuit element. Since the inductive and capacitive
reactance’s XL and XC are a function of the supply frequency, the sinusoidal response of a
series RLC circuit will therefore vary with frequency, ƒ. Then the individual voltage drops
across each circuit element of R, L and C element will be “out-of-phase” with each other as
defined by:
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

i(t) = Imax sin(ωt)
   The instantaneous voltage across a pure resistor, VR is “in-phase” with current
   The instantaneous voltage across a pure inductor, VL “leads” the current by 90o
   The instantaneous voltage across a pure capacitor, VC “lags” the current by 90o
   Therefore, VL and VC are 180o “out-of-phase” and in opposition to each other.
For the series RLC circuit above, this can be shown as:

 
The amplitude of the source voltage across all three components in a series RLC circuit is
made up of the three individual component voltages, VR, VL and VC with the current common
to all three components.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING:

AND
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

AND

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SIMULATION MODELING:
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

 BASIC TRAINER (DEV-2769) 

 DC Power Supply 
 Multi-meter 
 Resistors
 Connecting wires

PROCEDURE:
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

 Connect the circuit according to circuit diagram.

 Set the AC supply to 20V by using DMM. Pick the resistor, inductor and capacitor
having values 100Ω, 30mH and 10µF.
 Calculate the total current IT.
 Measure voltage across each resistor VR, inductor VL and capacitor Vc with DMM and
record it in the Table.
 Calculate inductive reactance Xl, capacitive reactance XC, power factor P, impedance Z,
and phase angle Ø

OBSERVATIONS & READINGS:

MEASURED VALUES

VT VR VL VC IT

CALCULATED VALUES
XL XC P Z Ø

CALCULATIONS:

PRECAUTIONS:

 Pay full attention in lab.

 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

 Handle the trainer and multi-meter properly.

 Insert the components properly in breadboard.
 Do not disassemble your circuit until your Instructor has been signed off as complete.
 After completion of the lab, switch off the power supply and return the apparatus.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this lab, we have learnt about the CHARACTERISTICS OF RLC SERIES
AC CIRCUIT and also went for some experiments.We also simulate a circuit of this theorem in
proteous.