MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

(AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION, UGC – GOVT. OF INDIA)

NIRF-India Ranking-2020, Accepted by MHRD, Govt. of India
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A’ Grade, UGC, Govt. of India
Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post. Via Kompally), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State .

WELCOME
PRESENTED BY
G.SUGUNA,
Assistant Pofessor,
Dept.of EEE.
BASIC ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
 CONTENTS
UNIT-I: D.C. Circuits
Electrical circuit elements (R, L and C), voltage and current sources, KVL&KCL,
analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation. Superposition, Thevenin’s and Norton’s
Theorems. Time-domain analysis of first-order RL and RC circuits.
UNIT-II: A.C. Circuits
Representation of sinusoidal waveforms, peak and Rms values, phasor
representation, real power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, Analysis of
single-phase ac circuits consisting of R, L, C, RL, RC, RLC combinations (series and
parallel), resonance in series R- L-C circuit. Three-phase balanced circuits, voltage and
current relations in star and delta connections.
UNIT-III: Transformers
Ideal and practical transformer, equivalent circuit, losses in transformers, regulation
and efficiency. Auto-transformer and three-phase transformer connections.
UNIT-IV: Electrical Machines
Generation of rotating magnetic fields, Construction and working of a three-
phase induction motor, Significance of torque-slip characteristic. Loss components and
efficiency, starting and speed control of induction motor. Single-phase induction motor.
Construction, working, torque- speed characteristic and speed control of separately
excited dc motor. Construction and working of synchronous generators.
UNIT-V: Electrical Installations
Components of LT Switchgear: Switch Fuse Unit (SFU), MCB, ELCB, MCCB, Types
of Wires and Cables, Earthing. Types of Batteries, Important Characteristics for Batteries.
Elementary calculations for energy consumption, power factor improvement and battery
backup.
Course Objectives:
•To introduce the concepts of electrical circuits and its components
•To understand magnetic circuits, DC circuits and AC single phase & three
phase circuits
•To study and understand the different types of DC/AC machines and
Transformers.
•To import the knowledge of various electrical installations.
•To introduce the concept of power, power factor and its improvement.

Course Outcomes:
• Student can analyze and solve electrical circuits using network laws and
theorems.
•Student can understand and analyze basic Electric and Magnetic circuits
•Student can study the working principles of Electrical Machines
•Student can analyze components of Low Voltage Electrical Installations.
 UNIT-1
DC CIRCUITS
CONTENTS:
 Introduction
 Basic Definitions, basic circuit elements

 Ohms law

 kvl,kcl

 Source transformation technique.

 Types of sources

 loop analysis

 Nodal analysis

 Thevenin’s theorem

 Norton’s theorem

 Super position theorem

 Transient response of RL and RC circuits.

INTRODUCTION OF DC CIRCUIT:
DEFINITION: 
The closed path in which the direct current flows is called the DC
circuit.
 A simple DC circuit is shown in the figure below which contains a DC source
(battery), a load lamp, a switch, connecting leads, and measuring instruments like
ammeter and connected in series, parallel
 BASIC DEFINITIONS:
 Electric current(I=q/t AMPERE)
 Charge(Q=I*t)
 potential (V, W=V*Q) VOLTS
 potential difference or voltage(V A=4v &B=2V voltage=4-2=2v)
 Electric workdone (W=v*q=VIt) JOULES V=1V,Q=1C W=1J
 Electric power(P=V*I) WATTS/KW
 Electric energy(E=VIt) Wh/Kwh
 circuit
 network
 loop
 node/junction
 branch
BASIC CIRCUIT ELEMENTS:
1. ACtive ELEMENTS
2. PASSIVE ELEMENTS:R,L,C

 Active elements:
 Voltage source(V)
 current source(I)
Ohms law:
Ohm’s law deals with the relationship between current, voltage and
ideal resistance. Ohm’s Law is a formula used to calculate the
relationship between voltage, current and resistance in an electrical
circuit.

Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two

points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.

“V=IR”, or “I=V/R”
KCL:
i1 + i2 – i3 – i4 – i5 + i6 = 0
……… (1)
i1 + i2 + i6 = i3 + i4 + i5
Sum of incoming currents = Sum of
outgoing currents
According to the Kirchhoff’s Current
Law, The algebraic sum of the currents
entering a node must be equal to the
algebraic sum of the currents leaving
the node in an electrical network.
Kvl:
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages (or
voltage drops) in any closed path of a network that is transverse in a
single direction is zero. In other words, in a closed circuit, the algebraic
sum of all the EMFs and the algebraic sum of all the voltage drops
(product of current (I) and resistance (R)) is zero.
ΣE+ΣV=0
PASSIVE ELEMENTS:
RESISTOR(R):

R=ρl/a
RESISTIVITY (P):
CONDUCTANCE(G):
CONDUCTIVITY:

A/c KVL,
V=V1+V2+V3
IR total=IR1+IR2+IR3
A/c KCL, if R1 AND R2 are in parallel
I=I1+I2+I3 Req= R1R2/R1+R2
V/RT=V/R1+V/R2+V/R3
INDUCTORS(L):
Definition: The inductor is a passive component which stores the
electrical energy in the magnetic field when the electric current
passes through it.

 The inductor is made of wire which has the property of

inductance, i.e., opposes the flow of current. The inductance of
wire increases by increasing the number of turns.

A/C to lenz’s law, emf α (dⱷ/dt) α (di/dt) (where, ⱷαI)

v α (di/dt) = L* (di/dt)
i= 1/L∫Vdt,
 
dw=vidt,=pdt
Capacitors(c):
 A component that is designed with the separation of parallel
plates in which the material of insulation is present. capacitor is used
to store the charges in terms of the electric field.

dw= v dq
=v d(cv)
Take integrals on both sides,
W= cƪ vdv
W= ½ c v2
DEFINATIONS:
 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
 ELECTRIC NETWORK
 PARAMETERS
 LINEAR CIRCUIT
 NON LINEAR CIRCUIT
 UNILATERAL CIRCUIT
 BILATERAL CIRCUIT
 LOOP
 NODE/JUNCTION
 BRANCH
Types of sources:
1. IDEAL SOURCES
2. PRACTICAL SOURCES
Dependent&independent sources:
Source transformation technique:
Loop/mesh analysis:
EX: Write loop equations for given circuit
15v
Nodal analysis:
THEVENIN’S THEOREM:
IL=VTH/RTH+RL
Norton's theorem:
Super position theorem:
SUPERPOSITION THEOREM:
The superposition theorem is used when more than one source are given in the
network. It is very useful in circuit analysis.
STATEMENT:
The response in any element of linear bilateral network containing more than one
source is equal to the sum of the response produced by source acting
independently.
TRANSIENT RESPONSE: