Department of Electrical Engineering

The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

Program: Bachelor of Electrical Engineering Semester: II

Subject: EE-121 (Linear Circuit Analysis) Date:

Lab No 3: VERIFICATION OF OHMS LAW & POWER CALCULATION

Objectives:
 To understand and verify the ohms law and their characteristics

Name: Muhammad Saad Roll No: BEE-FA19-010

Rubrics
Performance Lab Report

Description Total Obtained Description Total Obtained

Marks Marks Marks Marks
Experiment 10 Organization/ 05
Related Structure
knowledge
Data Analysis 10 Data 05
Presentation
Total Marks Total Marks
Obtained Obtained

Remarks (if any):- ____________________________

Signature:-__________________________________
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

THEORY:
DEFINITION:
“The current in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional
to the circuit resistance”

EXPLANATION:
More specifically, Ohm's law states that the R in this relation is constant, independent of the
current.[3] Ohm's law is an empirical relation which accurately describes the conductivity of the
vast majority of electrically conductive materials over many orders of magnitude of current.
However some materials do not obey Ohm's law, these are called non-ohmic.
The law was named after the German physicist Georg Ohm, who, in a treatise published in 1827,
described measurements of applied voltage and current through simple electrical circuits
containing various lengths of wire. Ohm explained his experimental results by a slightly more
complex equation than the modern form above.

To be able to make meaningful statements about these quantities in circuits, we need to be able
to describe their quantities in the same way that we might quantify mass, temperature, volume,
length, or any other kind of physical quantity. For mass we might use the units of “kilogram” or
“gram.” For temperature, we might use degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius. Here are the
standard units of measurement for electrical current, voltage, and resistance:
 

The “symbol” given for each quantity is the standard alphabetical letter used to represent that
quantity in an algebraic equation. Standardized letters like these are common in the disciplines of
physics and engineering and are internationally recognized. The “unit abbreviation” for each
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

quantity represents the alphabetical symbol used as a shorthand notation for

its particular unit of measurement. And, yes, that strange-looking “horseshoe” symbol is the
capital Greek letter Ω, just a character in a foreign alphabet (apologies to any Greek readers
here).

Each unit of measurement is named after a famous experimenter in electricity: The amp after the
Frenchman Andre M. Ampere, the volt after the Italian Alessandro Volta, and the ohm after the
German Georg Simon Ohm.
The mathematical symbol for each quantity is meaningful as well. The “R” for resistance and the
“V” for voltage are both self-explanatory, whereas “I” for current seems a bit weird. The “I” is
thought to have been meant to represent “Intensity” (of charge flow), and the other symbol for
voltage, “E,” stands for “Electromotive force.” From what research I’ve been able to do, there
seems to be some dispute over the meaning of “I.” The symbols “E” and “V” are interchangeable
for the most part, although some texts reserve “E” to represent voltage across a source (such as a
battery or generator) and “V” to represent voltage across anything else.
All of these symbols are expressed using capital letters, except in cases where a quantity
(especially voltage or current) is described in terms of a brief period of time (called an
“instantaneous” value). For example, the voltage of a battery, which is stable over a long period
of time, will be symbolized with a capital letter “E,” while the voltage peak of a lightning strike
at the very instant it hits a power line would most likely be symbolized with a lower-case letter
“e” (or lower-case “v”) to designate that value as being at a single moment in time. This same
lower-case convention holds true for current as well, the lower-case letter “i” representing
current at some instant in time. Most direct-current (DC) measurements, however, being stable
over time, will be symbolized with capital letters.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING:
V=IR
I=V/R
R=V/I

SIMULATION MODELING:
Don’t have any simulation modeling
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

CIRCUIT:

APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

 BASIC TRAINER (DEV-2769) 

 DC Power Supply 
 Multi-meter  
 Resistors
 Connecting wires

PROCEDURE:

 Current versus voltage

 Connect the circuit according to circuit diagram.. 

 Turn on the power supply and adjust it to 2V. Measure the current I in amperes and
record it in the table.
 Measure and record in turn, the current I (in amperes) at each of the voltage settings
shown in the table, for R =100 Ω.
 Calculate the value of current I by using I=V/R.
 Plot a graph of I versus V. (use measured values) 

Current versus resistance

 Connect the circuit according to circuit diagram.. 

 Turn on the power supply and adjust it to 10V. Measure the current I in amperes and
record it in the table.
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

 Measure and record in turn, the current I (in amperes) at each of

the resistance settings shown in the table, for V= 10V.
 Calculate the value of current I by using I=V/R.
 Plot a graph of I versus R. (use measured values)

OBSERVATIONS & READINGS:

Current versus voltage

S.N VOLTAGE(V) RESISTANCE(Ω) MEASURED I CALCULATED I

O (AMP) (AMP)
1 2 100
2 4 100
3 6 100
4 8 100
5 10 100

Current versus resistance

S.N VOLTAGE(V) RESISTANCE(Ω) MEASURED I CALCULATED I

O (AMP) (AMP)
1 10 100
2 10 220
3 10 470
4 10 1k
5 10 4.7k

b) POWER IN DC CIRCUITS:

OBJECTIVE

To understand about the power in series & parallel DC circuits.

THEORY:
The power absorbed or delivered by a resistor can be calculated from the expression P
= VI together with Ohm’s law V = IR. If we know the resistance and the voltage, then
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

On the other hand, if we know the current through the resistor then we write

Remember, a resistor is an element that gives off energy, usually in the form of heat and
sometimes in the form of light. Hence, a resistor always absorbs power.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

POWER IN SERIES CIRCUIT

POWER IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT

 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

APPARATUS/COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

 BASIC TRAINER (DEV-2769) 

 DC Power Supply 
 Multi-meter 
 Resistors
 Connecting wires

PROCEDURE:

POWER IN SERIES CIRCUIT

 Connect the circuit according to circuit diagram.

 Set the Dc supply to 5V by using DMM. Pick the resistances having values 220Ω, 100Ω
and 1KΩ.Also verify their resistance by using DMM.
 Measure voltage across each resistor with DMM and record it in the Table.
 Calculate the power across each resistor.

OBSERVATIONS & READINGS:

POWER IN SERIES CIRCUIT

MEASURED VALUE (V) CALCULATED VALUE (V)

V1
V2
V3
VT

MEASURED VALUE (I) CALCULATED VALUE (I)

I1
I2
I3
I
T
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

CALCULATED VALUE (P)

P1
P2
P3

POWER IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT

 Connect the circuit according to circuit diagram.

 Set the Dc supply to 5V by using DMM. Pick the resistances having values 220Ω, 100Ω
and 1KΩ.Also verify their resistance by using DMM.
 Measure current across each resistor with DMM and record it in the Table.
 Calculate the power across each resistor.

OBSERVATIONS & READINGS:

POWER IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT

MEASURED VALUE (V) CALCULATED VALUE (V)

V1
V2
V3
VT

MEASURED VALUE (I) CALCULATED VALUE (I)

I1
I2
I3
I
T

CALCULATED VALUE (P)

P1
P2
P3
 Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad

PRECAUTIONS:

 Pay full attention in lab.

 Handle the trainer and multimeter properly.
 Insert the components properly in breadboard.
 After completion of the lab, switch off the power supply and return the apparatus

CONCLUSIONS:
In this lab, we had verify the ohm’s law and also learnt how to measure
POWER in DC circuits.