Ninevah University Electrical Circuit Lab1

College: Electronics Eng. Exp. (2): Ohm’s Law

Dept.: Biomedical Eng. Set: (1)-2023-2024

Exp. No. 2: Ohm’s Law

➢ Objectives:
To make students able:

1. To prove Ohm's law practically for constant physical characteristics

2. To state the physical characteristics that affect (V-I) relationship.

➢ Introduction:
For constant physical characteristic (temperature, humidity and
mechanical dimension) Ohm's law state that the current (I) flow in any
conductor is proportional with voltage (V) applied across its terminals as
shown in Fig. (1).

Mathematically: V α I or V=R×I …(1)

Where:

R: the resistance of the conductor measured in (Ω).

V: the voltage in (Volt).
I: the current in (Ampere).
I

+
V - R

Fig. (1)

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The above relationship can be drawn in X-Y graph which is called V-I
characteristic as shown in Fig. (2). The proportional constant (R) can be
calculated easily using the following equation:
V …(2)
R = tan =
I

Note that R is also the slope of the V-I characteristic line which is a linear
equation.

ΔV

ΔI

θ
I

Fig. (2): Resistor V-I characteristic

If the physical characteristics are changed, the equation (1) is not applicable.
One of the physical characteristics is the temperature, as the temperature of the
conductor increases (due to increase the dissipation power), the mobility of
electrons will increase also caused increasing the resistance of the conductor as
shown in Fig. (3). Suppose that the initial temperature of the conductor is
20oCand the final temperature is T, the conductor resistance (R T) will vary
according to the following non-linear equation:

RT=R20[1+ α(T-20)] …(3)

Where:

R20 is the resistance of the conductor at T=20oC, and

α is a material temperature coefficient in(1/Kelvin), with positive or
negative value.

2
 V

I or Temperature

Fig. (3): Temperature effect on conductor resistance

➢ Materials and Equipment’s:

a- Variable D.C. Power Supply.

b- Multimeter.
c- Breadboard, resistors, bulb filament, connecting wires.

➢ Procedure:

1. Using color code and the Multimeter, measure the resistance of R1 and R2.
Tabulate your results in Table -1.
2. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. (4).

VS + R1 R2
- 1KΩ 100Ω

Fig. (4)

3. Change the D.C. voltage from 0 to 10Vin steps of 1V. In each step record
the current (I) in the circuit, tabulate your results in Table -2.
4. Change resistor R1 with R2 (100Ω), repeat step 3 and tabulate your results in
Table -3.
5. Change the resistor R2 with bulb filament in Fig. (5), repeat step 3 and
tabulate your results as in Table -4.

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 Bulb

+
VS -

Fig. (5)

Report:
1. Sketch (V-I) characteristic curve for step 3 and find the value of R1 from the
curve.:
Note: Draw on the Graph Paper.

2. Sketch the V-I characteristic curve for step 5. Is Ohm's law applicable for
thebulb filament? Explain why. How can you conclude that from the graph?

3. For the circuit shown in Fig. (6), if the value of R1=1KΩ, with
tolerance=±5%, and R2= 2.2KΩ, with tolerance =±10%, find the minimum
current (I) that can flow in the circuit.

R1
1KΩ
VS +
10V -
R2
2.2KΩ

Fig. (6)

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4. Select the correct answer:
1-A decrease in the current of a series circuit can be caused by a
A. Source voltage increase.
B. Resistance decreases.
C. Resistance voltage drop decrease.
D. Resistance increase.
2-which form of Ohm’s law is used to find the circuit current?
A. I = ER
B. I = 2ER
C. I = R/E
D. I = E/R
3-In any electrical circuit, voltage and current are
A. Directly proportional.
B. Always larger than the resistance.
C. Measured in the same units.
D. Inversely proportional.
4-In an electric circuit, voltage is 100V and resistance is 25
KΩ. The current is
A. 40A.
B. 40 mA.
C. 25 mA.
D. 4 mA.
5-Fan electric circuit has a current of 15.4 mA and a source voltage of
20V, the total resistance is
A. 2000 Ohms.
B. 1800 Ohms.
C. 1500 Ohms.
D. 1298 Ohms.
6-In a series circuit, the current is
A. Greater in the higher valued resistors.
B. The sum of the current in all components.
C. Greater in the lower valued resistors.
D. The same in all parts of the circuit.
7-To decrease the current in the branch of the circuit; then:
A. Connect the resistance in the parallel with branch.
B. Connect the resistance in the series with branch.
C. Increase the voltage of the source.
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8-which form of Ohm’s law is used to find the circuit current?
E. I = ER
F. I = 2ER
G. I = R/E
H. I = E/R
9-In any electrical circuit, voltage and current are
E. Directly proportional.
F. Always larger than the resistance.
G. Measured in the same units.
H. Inversely proportional.
10-In an electric circuit, voltage is 100V and resistance is 25
KΩ. The current is
E. 40A.
F. 40 mA.
G. 25 mA.
H. 4 mA.
11-Fan electric circuit has a current of 15.4 mA and a source voltage of
20V, the total resistance is
E. 2000 Ohms.
F. 1800 Ohms.
G. 1500 Ohms.
H. 1298 Ohms.
12-In a series circuit, the current is
E. Greater in the higher valued resistors.
F. The sum of the current in all components.
G. Greater in the lower valued resistors.
H. The same in all parts of the circuit.
13-To decrease the current in the branch of the circuit; then:
D. Connect the resistance in the parallel with branch.
E. Connect the resistance in the series with branch.
F. Increase the voltage of the source.

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14-In an electrical circuit where the voltage and resistance are
known, which form of Ohm’s law is used to find the circuit
current?
I. I = ER
J. I = 2ER
K. I = R/E
L. I = E/R
15-In any electrical circuit, voltage and current are
I. Directly proportional.
J. Always larger than the resistance.
K. Measured in the same units.
L. Inversely proportional.
16-In an electric circuit, voltage is 100V and resistance is 25
KΩ. The current is
I. 40A.
J. 40 mA.
K. 25 mA.
L. 4 mA.
17-Fan electric circuit has a current of 15.4 mA and a source voltage of
20V, the total resistance is
I. 2000 Ohms.
J. 1800 Ohms.
K. 1500 Ohms.
L. 1298 Ohms.
18-In a series circuit, the current is
I. Greater in the higher valued resistors.
J. The sum of the current in all components.
K. Greater in the lower valued resistors.
L. The same in all parts of the circuit.
19-To decrease the current in the branch of the circuit; then:
G. Connect the resistance in the parallel with branch.
H. Connect the resistance in the series with branch.
I. Increase the voltage of the source.

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 Experiment No. 2
Name of students: Date:
1.
2.
3.

RESULTS
Table -1

Resistor Color Code Multi meter

R1

R2

Table -2: (V-I) Characteristic of R1 (1K Ω)

Volt (V) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Current (A)

Table -3: (V-I) Characteristic of R2 (150 Ω)

Volt (V) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Current (A)

Table -4: (V-I) Characteristic of bulb filament

Volt (V) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Current (A)