Basics of Physics and Chemistry - Quiz

Section 1
Q.1) Which of the following atomic particle have a least mass?
[A] Proton
[B] Electron
[C] Deuteron
[D] Neutron

Q.2) The total number of nucleons in the nucleus is known as

[A] Atomic number
[B] Mass number
[C] Electric charge
[D] Periodic number

Q.3) An atom has a mass number of 37 and atomic number 17. How many protons does it have?
[A] 20
[B] 17
[C] 37
[D] 21

Q.4) Which of the following term correctly describes element having same mass number?
[A] Isotopes
[B] Isotones
[C] Isobars
[D] Such elements do not exist

Q.5) Why argon gas is used along with tungsten wire in an electric bulb?
[A] To increase the life of the bulb
[B] To reduce the consumption of electricity
[C] To make the emitted light colored
[D] To reduce the cost of the bulb

Q.6) Consider the following statements:

1. The Direct Current (DC) can flow only in one direction.
2. The time-averaged value of an Alternating Current (AC) is zero.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
[A] 1 only
[B] 2 only
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Q.7) Which one of the following elements is used as a timekeeper in atomic clocks?
[A] Potassium
[B] Cesium
[C] Calcium
[D] Magnesium

Q.8) Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment on thin gold foil was responsible for the discovery of
[A] Electron
[B] Proton
[C] Atomic nucleus
[D] Neutron

Q.9) The property of the sound waves that determine the pitch of the sound is its
[A] Frequency
[B] Amplitude
[C] Wavelength
[D] Intensity

Q.10) Consider the following pairs and identify the one(s) which is/are correctly matched:

Name Formula

1. Bleaching Powder CaOCl2

2. Baking Soda NaHCO3

3. Washing Soda Na2Co3.10H2O

[A] 1 only
[B] 2 and 3 only
[C] 3 only
[D] 1,2 and 3

Q.11) The paste of a white material in water is used to maintain a fractured bone fixed in place. The white material used is
called
[A] Bleaching powder
[B] Plaster of Paris
[C] Powder of Zinc oxide
[D] Lime Powder

Q.12) A person is standing on a frictionless horizontal ground. How can he move by a certain distance on this ground?
[A] By sneezing
[B] By jumping
[C] By running
[D] By rolling

Q.13) Which of the following heat loss is primarily not due to convection?
[A] Boiling water
[B] Circulation of air around heat furnace
[C] Heating of glass surface of bulb due to current in filament
[D] All of the above

Q.14) The resistance of a material may be expressed in units of

[A] Ohm
[B] Tesla
[C] Ohm - cm
[D] Ohm/cm

Q.15) Which one of the following is the correct relationship between Celsius (C) and Fahrenheit temperature (F)?
[A] F = 1.8 C + 32
[B] F = 1.8 C - 32
[C] C = 1.8 F + 32
[D] C = 1.8 F - 32

Q.16) “Atomic number of an element is a more fundamental property than its atomic mass”. Who among the following
scientists has made the above statements?
[A] Dmitri Mendeleev
[B] Henry Moseley
[C] J. J. Thomson
[D] Ernest Rutherford

Q.17) People prefer to wear cotton clothes in summer season. This is due to the fact that cotton clothes are
[A] Good absorbers of water
[B] Good conveyors of heat
[C] Good radiators of heat
[D] Good absorbers of heat

Q.18) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a compound?

[A] Composition is variable
[B] All particles of compound are of same type
[C] Particles of compound have two or more elements
[D] Its constituent cannot be separated by simple physical methods.

Q.19) Sound waves cannot travel through

[A] Copper wire placed in air
[B] Silver slab placed in air
[C] Glass prism placed in water
[D] Wooden hollow pipe in vacuum

Q.20) The visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is

[A] Infrared
[B] Radio wave
[C] Micro wave
[D] Light

Q.21) Which of the following is the general formula for saturated hydrocarbons
[A] CnH2n+2
[B] CnH2n
[C] CnH2n-2
[D] CnH2n-1

Q.22) Consider the following statements:

1. While gravitational force is always attractive, electromagnetic force can be both attractive and repulsive.
2. While gravitational force is only dependent on mass, the electromagnetic force is dependent on charge only.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
[A] 1 only
[B] 2 only
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Q.23) Silver articles become black after some time when exposed to air because
[A] Silver gets oxidized to silver oxide
[B] Silver reacts with moist CO2 in the air to form silver carbonate
[C] Silver reacts with air to form a coating of silver sulphide
[D] Silver reacts with air to form silver nitrate

Q.24) Which among the following correctly describes isotopes?

[A] Elements having equal number of protons but different neutrons.
[B] Elements having equal number of neutrons but different protons.
[C] Elements having equal number of protons and neutrons.
[D] Elements having equal number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Q.25) A solution having pH equal to zero is known as

[A] Highly alkaline solution
[B] Highly acidic solution
[C] Weakly acidic solution
[D] Neutral solution

Q.26) Which metal remains in the liquid form under normal conditions?
[A] Zinc
[B] Radium
[C] Uranium
[D] Mercury

Q.27) Which of the following element exhibits ferromagnetism?

[A] Iron
[B] Gold
[C] Bismuth
[D] Mercury

Q.28) Which synthetic fiber is known as artificial silk?

[A] Cotton
[B] Rayon
[C] Terylene
[D] Nylon
Q.29) Which one of the following elements is not present in stainless steel?
[A] Iron
[B] Tungsten
[C] Chromium
[D] Nickel

Q.30) Bronze is an alloy of

[A] Tin and Zinc
[B] Iron and Zinc
[C] Copper and Zinc
[D] Copper and Tin

Q.31) Which among the following is the trade name of vinegar?

[A] Acetic Acid
[B] Chloroform
[C] Ethyl alcohol
[D] Carbon tetrachloride

Q.32) Which of the following is the first element of periodic table?

[A] Sodium
[B] Helium
[C] Neon
[D] Hydrogen

Q.33) Which one of the following is a natural fiber?

[A] Nylon
[B] Silk
[C] Polyester
[D] Plastic

Q.34) Which of the following is the hardest element?

[A] Copper
[B] Diamond
[C] Iron
[D] Silicon

Q.35) The Acid present in lemon is

[A] Lactic Acid
[B] Marlic Acid
[C] Citric Acid
[D] Tartaric Acid

Q.36) The term PVC used in the Plastic Industry stands for
[A] Phospha Vinyl Chloride
[B] Phosphor Vinyl Chloride
[C] Polyvinyl Chloride
[D] Polyvinyl Carbonate

Q.37) Water drops are spherical due to

[A] Polarity
[B] Viscosity
[C] Surface Tension
[D] None of the above

Q.38) Which of the following is a non-metal that remains liquid at room temperature?
[A] Chlorine
[B] Phosphorous
[C] Bromine
[D] Helium

Q.39) Which one of the following is not a mixture?

[A] Air
[B] Mercury
[C] Milk
[D] Cement

Q.40) Among electron, proton and neutron, the discovery of neutron became very late because
[A] It is present in nucleus
[B] It is a fundamental particle
[C] It does not move
[D] It does not carry charge

Q.41) Which one of the following elements is the poorest conductor of Heat?
[A] Silver
[B] Copper
[C] Mercury
[D] Lead

Q.42) Which one of the following is not an allotrope of carbon?

[A] Coal
[B] Diamond
[C] Graphite
[D] Graphene

Q.43) The pH value of a sample of distilled water is

[A] Zero
[B] 14
[C] Very close to zero
[D] Very close to 7

Q.44) Which of the following is the most characteristic property of an element?

[A] Density
[B] Boiling Point
[C] Mass Number
[D] Atomic Number

Q.45) Which of the following is not a vector quantity?

[A] Speed
[B] Velocity
[C] Acceleration
[D] Displacement

Q.46) Which of the following is not a unit of time?

[A] Leap Year
[B] Solar Day
[C] Light Year
[D] Second

Q.47) Which of the following is the SI unit of pressure?

[A] Jule
[B] Pascal
[C] Watt
[D] Dyne

Q.48) No current will flow between two charged bodies if they have the same
[A] Resistance
[B] Charge
[C] Potential
[D] Conductance

Q.49) It is more difficult to walk on ice than on a concrete road because?

[A] There is very little friction between ice and feet pressing it.
[B] Ice is soft when compared to concrete
[C] There is more friction between the ice and feet.
[D] None of the above

Q.50) Which one of the following is not a semiconductor?

[A] Silicon
[B] Germanium
[C] Quartz
[D] Selenium

Q.51) Which of the following instrument is used for measuring current?

[A] Voltmeter
[B] Pyrometer
[C] Ammeter
[D] Mercury tubes

Q.52) Which of the following gas is usually filled in the electric bulb?
[A] Carbon dioxide
[B] Oxygen
[C] Hydrogen
[D] Argon

Q.53) Which of the following affects the brightness of the Bulb?

[A] Voltage
[B] Current
[C] Both (a) and (b)
[D] Neither (a) nor (b)

Q.54) Which one of the following correctly describes SONAR?

[A] Sound Navigation And Ranging
[B] Sound Navigation and Recording
[C] Slow Navigation and Ranging
[D] Sound Overall Navigation and Ranging

Q.55) In a freezer ice cubes will be formed more quickly in trays made of
[A] Rubber
[B] Aluminium
[C] Plastic
[D] Wood

Q.56) The direction of heat flow between two objects depends on

[A] Their masses
[B] Their size
[C] Their temperature
[D] Whether they are in solid, liquid or gaseous state

Q.57) Which of the following liquid is the most viscous one?

[A] Water
[B] Diesel
[C] Milk
[D] Honey

Q.58) An object that has kinetic energy must be

[A] At an elevated position
[B] At rest
[C] Falling freely
[D] Moving

Q.59) Which of the following instrument is used to measure the friction?

[A] Pyrometer
[B] Tribometer
[C] Odometer
[D] All of the above
Q.60) The inability of a body to change its state of rest or uniform motion is called its
[A] Momentum
[B] Velocity
[C] Acceleration
[D] Inertia

Q.61) When a steel ball is placed on the surface of mercury, it does not sink because
[A] Of the surface tension of mercury
[B] Mercury is a semi-solid
[C] Of the high viscosity of mercury
[D] The density of mercury is greater than the density of steel

Q.62) Two bulbs are fitted in a room in the domestic electric installation. One of them glows brighter than the other. Then
[A] The brighter bulb has smaller resistance
[B] The brighter bulb has larger resistance
[C] Both the bulb have the same resistance
[D] None of the above

Q.63) In the electrical circuit of a house, the fuse acts as

[A] A load
[B] A thermocouple
[C] A safety device
[D] A step down device

Q.64) The electrical domestic tube light gives white fluorescent light because of
[A] collision between molecules of filled gas under electric current
[B] heavy current
[C] vacuum inside the tube
[D] falling of UV rays on the white inner coating of the tube

Q.65) Which of the following is not a transverse wave?

[A] Light waves
[B] Radio waves
[C] Sound waves
[D] All of the above
Q.66) At what temperature do the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales give the same reading?
[A] 212 degree
[B] 32 degree
[C] -40 degree
[D] 0 degree

Q.67) Speed of sound is maximum in which of the following?

[A] Gases
[B] Vacuum
[C] Liquids
[D] Solids

Q.68) During thunderstorm you are travelling in a car. To protect yourself from the lightning you will have to
[A] Remain in the car
[B] Get out of the car and lie flat on the ground
[C] Abandon the car and take shelter under a nearby tree
[D] Touch the nearest electric pole

Q.69) The force that keeps a body in a circular motion is called?

[A] Centripetal force
[B] Centrifugal force
[C] Gravitational force
[D] Frictional force

Q.70) Friction can be reduced by changing from

[A] Static to dynamic
[B] Rolling to sliding
[C] Dynamic to static
[D] Sliding to rolling

Q.71) Which of the following device is used for measuring atmospheric pressure?
[A] Barometer
[B] Galvanometer
[C] Ammeter
[D] Speedometer

Q.72) Which of the following quantity is increased by a step-up transformer?

[A] Power
[B] Current
[C] Frequency
[D] Voltage

Q.73) In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves travels with the same

[A] Velocity
[B] Wavelength
[C] Frequency
[D] All of the above

Q.74) The wavelength of a wave is the distance between

[A] Consecutive Crest and Trough
[B] Consecutive Crests
[C] Consecutive Troughs
[D] Both (b) and (c)

Q.75) Which one of the following is the function performed by Rectifiers?

[A] Converting high voltage to low voltage
[B] Converting low voltage to high voltage
[C] Converting alternating current to direct current
[D] Converting direct current to alternating current

Q.76) According to Dalton’s Atomic Theory, the smallest indivisible particles of matter is called
[A] Molecule
[B] Compound
[C] Atom
[D] Element

Q.77) Solid Carbon dioxide is commonly known as

[A] Borax
[B] Bleach
[C] Alum
[D] Dry Ice

Q.78) Which of the following is also known as milk of magnesia?

[A] Magnesium Sulphide
[B] Magnesium Carbonate
[C] Magnesium hydroxide
[D] Magnesium bicarbonate

Q.79) In an acid base reaction which product is produced along with a salt?
[A] Hydrogen Gas
[B] Water
[C] Oxygen Gas
[D] Carbon dioxide

Q.80) The poisonous gas accidentally released in Bhopal Gas Tragedy is

[A] Methyl isocyanate
[B] Cyanogen
[C] Methane
[D] Nitrous Oxide

Q.81) The process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material by means of electricity is called
[A] Electroplating
[B] Galvanization
[C] Crystallization
[D] Rusting

Q.82) Electricity is produced through dry cell from

[A] Chemical energy
[B] Thermal energy
[C] Mechanical energy
[D] Nuclear energy

Q.83) Which one among the following metals is prominently used in mobile phone batteries?
[A] Copper
[B] Zinc
[C] Lithium
[D] Nickel

Q.84) How many elements are there in the 5th period of modern periodic table?
[A] 2
[B] 8
[C] 18
[D] 36

Q.85) Which among the following is not a characteristic of oxidation reaction?

[A] It involves addition of hydrogen
[B] It involves addition of oxygen
[C] It involves loss of hydrogen
[D] None of the above

Q.86) Which of the following is the most abundant metal on Earth Crust?
[A] Iron
[B] Aluminium
[C] Copper
[D] Tin

Q.87) The irritation caused by sting of ants and bees can be neutralized by using soap because sting comprises which of
the following acid?
[A] Lactic Acid
[B] Acetic Acid
[C] Formic Acid
[D] Malathionic Acid

Q.88) In Mendeleev's periodic table, the properties of the elements are considered a periodic function of their
[A] Atomic number
[B] Atomic mass
[C] Atomic size
[D] Ionization enthalpy

Q.89) Which of the following is the main cause of rancidity of food items?
[A] Clarification
[B] Reduction
[C] Oxidation
[D] Hydrolysis

Q.90) The property of metals by which they can be beaten into thin sheets is called
[A] Ductility
[B] Malleability
[C] Tensile strength
[D] Viscosity

Q.91) What is the SI unit of viscosity?

[A] Candela
[B] Poiseiulle
[C] Newton/m
[D] No units

Q.92) What is the motion in which a body moves to and fro repeatedly about a fixed point in a definite interval of time
known as?
[A] Circulatory Motion
[B] Rotary Motion
[C] Linear Motion
[D] Oscillatory Motion

Q.93) If electrical conductivity increases with the increase of temperature of a substance, then it is a:
[A] Conductor
[B] Semiconductor
[C] Insulator
[D] Carborator

Q.94) The atmosphere exerts enormous pressure on us. But, we don’t feel it because
[A] Our blood exerts a pressure almost same as that of the atmosphere
[B] We are used to it
[C] Our bones are very strong and can withstand the pressure
[D] The surface area of our head is very small

Q.95) Which of the following is not correctly matched?

[A] Voltmeter – Potential difference
[B] Ammeter – Electric current
[C] Potentiometer – E. M. F
[D] Galvanometer – Electric resistance

Q.96) Super conductivity is a phenomenon in which the resistance of a substance

[A] Increases with temperature
[B] Decreases with temperature
[C] Does not change with temperature
[D] Becomes zero at very low temperature

Q.97) Which of the following is an example of thermosetting plastic?

[A] Bakelite
[B] Polyvinyl chloride
[C] Polyethylene
[D] None of the above

Q.98) Which one of the following materials is not diamagnetic at standard temperature and pressure?
[A] Nitrogen
[B] Sodium chloride
[C] Water
[D] Iron

Q.99) Which one of the following gases has the highest solubility in water?
[A] Chlorine
[B] Ammonia
[C] Carbon dioxide
[D] Nitrogen

Q.100) Which of the follow is the last element in Newlands Law of Octaves classification?
[A] Rhodium
[B] Radium
[C] Iron
[D] Thorium

Basics of Physics and Chemistry - Quiz

Answers
Section 1
Q.1)B Q.2)B Q.3)B Q.4)C Q.5)A Q.6)C Q.7)B Q.8)C Q.9)A Q.10)D Q.11)B Q.12)A Q.13)C

Q.14)A Q.15)A Q.16)B Q.17)A Q.18)B Q.19)D Q.20)D Q.21)A Q.22)A Q.23)C Q.24)A Q.25)B

Q.26)D Q.27)A Q.28)B Q.29)B Q.30)D Q.31)A Q.32)D Q.33)B Q.34)B Q.35)C Q.36)C Q.37)C

Q.38)C Q.39)B Q.40)D Q.41)D Q.42)A Q.43)D Q.44)D Q.45)A Q.46)C Q.47)B Q.48)C Q.49)A
Q.50)C Q.51)C Q.52)D Q.53)C Q.54)A Q.55)B Q.56)C Q.57)D Q.58)D Q.59)B Q.60)D Q.61)D

Q.62)A Q.63)C Q.64)D Q.65)C Q.66)C Q.67)D Q.68)A Q.69)A Q.70)D Q.71)A Q.72)D Q.73)A

Q.74)D Q.75)C Q.76)C Q.77)D Q.78)C Q.79)B Q.80)A Q.81)A Q.82)A Q.83)C Q.84)C Q.85)A

Q.86)B Q.87)C Q.88)B Q.89)C Q.90)B Q.91)B Q.92)D Q.93)B Q.94)A Q.95)D Q.96)D Q.97)A

Q.98)D Q.99)B Q.100)D

Basics of Physics and Chemistry - Quiz

Explanations
Section 1
Q.1) Explanation:
 The electron has negative charge of 1.6 × 10(-19) coulomb, while electronic mass (mass of the electron) is 9.1 × 10(- 31)
kg.
 It has least mass among all.

Q.2) Explanation:
 Mass Number is the total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) present in the nucleus of an atom.

 For example: Nitrogen has a mass number of 14 as it has 7 protons and 7 neutrons in its atom. But its atomic number
is 7.

Q.3) Explanation:
The number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom is called the atomic number of an element.

Q.4) Explanation:
Atoms of different elements with different atomic numbers, which have the same mass number, are known as
isobars.

Q.5) Explanation:
 To avoid from the burning of filament or to avoid the oxidation of the filament the bulb is made evacuated.

 Sometimes along with evacuation a small quantities of inert gases argon or krypton is kept inside the bulb, so that
tungsten couldn’t be burnt and vaporized.

Q.6) Explanation:
 The direct current can flow only in one direction. It is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to
the negative.
 Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over
time.
 The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, as it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the
reverse.

Q.7) Explanation:
 Cesium is used in atomic clocks and is the most reactive metal in the periodic table.

 Cesium is the element most commonly used in atomic clocks, which provide the most accurate times.

 Since 1967, the second has been defined in reference to electron transitions in a caesium-133 atom.

Q.8) Explanation:
 Rutherford performed alpha-particle scattering experiment, which led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus.

 It consists of a packed arrangement of positively charged protons and neutrons. 99.9% of the mass of an atom is
concentrated in the nucleus.

Q.9) Explanation:
The frequency determines the shrillness or pitch of a sound.

Q.10) Explanation:
 Bleaching powder is produced by the action of chlorine on dry slaked lime [Ca (OH) 2]. It is represented as CaOCl2,
though the actual composition is quite complex.
 The chemical name of the Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3). It is produced using sodium
chloride as one of the raw materials.
 Washing Soda is obtained from sodium chloride and its chemical formula is Na2CO3.10H2O.

Q.11) Explanation:
Plaster of Paris is a chemical compound consisting of fine white powder, which hardens when exposed to moisture
and allowed to dry.
 The chemical formula of Plaster of Paris is CaSO4.1/2H2O and is better known as Calcium sulphate hemihydrate.

Q.12) Explanation:
 When we sneeze, air expiates with force through our nose and mouth. According to third law of motion, there is
an equal and opposite reaction for every action.
 So, a frictionless horizon which cannot grip us will make us move in opposite direction.
Q.13) Explanation:
 Radiation: Thermal radiation is generated by the emission of electromagnetic waves.

 These waves carry away the energy from the emitting body.

 Radiation takes place through a vacuum or transparent medium which can be either solid or liquid.

Q.14) Explanation:
Resistance (unit Ohm) is a measure of the opposition offered to the current flow in an electric circuit.

Q.15) Explanation:
The correct relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit scale is

Q.16) Explanation:
In 1913, Henry Moseley showed that the atomic number of an element is a more fundamental property than its
atomic mass.
 Accordingly, Mendeleev’s Periodic Law was modified and atomic number was adopted as the basis of Modern
Periodic Table.

Q.17) Explanation:
 In summer we prefer light-colored clothes as these clothes reflect most of the heat that falls on them.

 We wear cotton clothes during summer as cotton absorbs sweat from the body, exposing to the atmosphere for
easy evaporation. As we tend to sweat more during summer and cotton fabric absorbs sweat and help body to cool
down.
 In winter we usually wear dark-colored clothes as they absorb more heat.

Q.18) Explanation:
A compound is a substance composed of two or more different types of elements, chemically combined in a fixed
proportion.
 A mixture contains more than one substance (element and/or compound) mixed in any proportion.

 Properties of a compound are different from its constituent elements, whereas a mixture shows the properties of
its constituting elements or compounds.
Q.19) Explanation:
 A wave which needs a medium in order to propagate itself is called Mechanical Wave.

 Sound waves and water waves are all examples of this.

 Sound waves cannot travel through vacuum.

Q.20) Explanation:

Q.21) Explanation:
 All the carbon compounds which contain just carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.

 The saturated hydrocarbons are called alkanes. For example, Methane CH4.

 Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2.

Q.22) Explanation:
 Gravitation is the force of attraction between any two bodies. Electromagnetic forces can be both attractive as well as
repulsive based on the charges.
 According to Newton’s law of gravitation, every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force
whose magnitude is,
- Directly proportional to the product of their masses, and
- Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their center.

Q.23) Explanation:
The surface of some metals get corroded when they are exposed to moist air for long period of time. This is called
corrosion.
 Some examples of corrosion includes:

1. Silver becomes black when exposed to air as it reacts with air to form a coating of silver sulphide.
2. Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in the air and gains a green coat of copper carbonate.

Q.24) Explanation:
Isotopes are atoms having same atomic number but different mass number. They have different number of
neutrons.
 For example: An isotope with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is carbon-12 or C-12. An isotope with 6 protons and 7 neutrons
is C-13.

Q.25) Explanation:
An acid can donate an H+ ion and can remain energetically favorable after a loss of H+. Acids have pH value of less
than 7. A solution is highly acidic if the pH is close to zero.

Q.26) Explanation:
Metals are solids at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid.

Q.27) Explanation:
 Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are
attracted to magnets.
 Cobalt, Iron and Nickel etc. are some of the common ferromagnetic materials.

Q.28) Explanation:
Rayon is made from purified cellulose, which is chemically converted into a soluble compound.
 It is also known as Artificial Silk. It is obtained by chemical treatment of wood pulp.
Q.29) Explanation:
When iron is mixed with nickel and chromium, we get stainless steel, which is hard and does not rust.

Q.30) Explanation:
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin.

Q.31) Explanation:
Vinegar is the trade name of acetic acid (CH3COOH).
 Vinegar is a liquid consisting of about 5–20% acetic acid, water, and other trace chemicals, which may include
flavorings.

Q.32) Explanation:
 The 1st period of periodic table consists of only two elements - Hydrogen and Helium.

 The first chemical element is Hydrogen.

Q.33) Explanation:
 The naturally occurring fibers that humans derive from plants or animals are known as natural fibers.

- Cotton, wool, jute and silk falls in the category of natural fibers.

- Silk fiber is obtained from the cocoon of a silkworm. It takes 10 kg of the cocoon material to create 1kg of silk.

Q.34) Explanation:
 Carbon is a non-metal that can exist in different forms. Each form is called an allotrope.

- Diamond, an allotrope of carbon, is the hardest natural substance known and has a very high melting and boiling
point.
- Graphite, another allotrope of carbon, is a conductor of electricity.

Q.35) Explanation:
Q.36) Explanation:
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a solid plastic material made from vinyl chloride.
 PVC is used to make pipes, polyvinyl flooring and siding, hoses, cable coatings, medical devices, and plumbing and
automotive parts.

Q.37) Explanation:
 The property of liquids due to which they tries to minimize their free surface area is called Surface tension.

 The shape of rain drop is spherical due to surface tension.

Q.38) Explanation:
The only non-metal which is liquid at room temperature is Bromine (Br).

Q.39) Explanation:
 A mixture contains more than one substance (element and/or compound) mixed in any proportion.

 Air is a mixture of gas in gas. Air is a homogeneous mixture of a number of gases. Its two main constituents are:
oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (78%). The other gases are present in very small quantities.

Q.40) Explanation:
Neutron was invented in 1932 by James Chadwick.
It is a neutral fundamental particle (no charge) confined to the nucleus.

Q.41) Explanation:
 Silver is best conductor of heat while among metals lead is poorest conductor of heat.

 Copper and aluminum are good conductor while mercury is a poor conductor.
Q.42) Explanation:
 There are several allotropes of carbon like diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerene, etc.

 Coal is not an allotrope of carbon because it is not 100% carbon. It contains lot of silica, Sulphur and other compounds
of carbon apart from carbon.

Q.43) Explanation:
Water is neutral and has a pH value of 7 and because here it is distilled water, it would be very near to seven.

Q.44) Explanation:
 Atomic number is the fundamental characteristic property of an element. Every atom is identified by its unique
atomic number.
 Atomic number is equal to the number of protons present in an atom of the element.

Q.45) Explanation:
 Vector Quantity: are quantities that are fully described by both a magnitude and a direction. For example, the
displacement is 5 km in east direction.
 Displacement, velocity and acceleration are vector quantities.

Q.46) Explanation:
Light year a unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year, which is 9.4607 ×
10^12 km.

Q.47) Explanation:
The force acting on a unit area of a surface is called pressure. The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa).

Q.48) Explanation:
An electric charge always flows from a body at higher potential to a body at a lower potential irrespective of the
amounts of charges contained in them.
 In the question, no current flows. So there is no potential difference.

Q.49) Explanation:
There will be very little friction between ice and feet. So it is difficult to control oneself from sleeping.

Q.50) Explanation:
 Semiconductors are the basic materials used in the present solid state electronic devices like diodes, transistor, ICs,
etc.
 Semiconductors are elemental (Si, Ge) as well as compound (GaAs, CdS, etc.).

 Silicon, Germanium, Selenium, Gallium Arsenide are semiconductors, but Quartz is an insulator.

Q.51) Explanation:
 The Ammeter is a device that we use to measure current. The voltmeter is used to measure voltage or potential
difference. Basically it is a low resistance moving coil galvanometer.
 An ideal ammeter should have zero resistance.

 Infact ammeter of low resistance is more accurate although it is less sensitive.

Q.52) Explanation:
 To avoid from the burning of filament or to avoid the oxidation of the filament the bulb is made evacuated.

 Sometimes along with evacuation a small quantities of inert gases argon or krypton is kept inside the bulb, so that
tungsten couldn’t be burnt and vaporized.

Q.53) Explanation:
 Brightness of bulb depends on both voltage and current. The brightness depends on power.

 Since we know that Power (P) = Voltage x Current = V I. So whether you increase the current or the voltage the
brightness will increase.

Q.54) Explanation:
 SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is a technique by which inside located objects of the sea are detected.

 It is a device that uses ultrasonic waves to measure the distance, direction and speed of underwater objects.

Q.55) Explanation:
Aluminium being a good conductor of heat conducts away the heat from the substance quite easily and causes quick
freezing.

Q.56) Explanation:
Heat always flows from a body at higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature.

Q.57) Explanation:
Here Honey is the most viscous liquid.
 The liquid with the most intermolecular force is high viscous. Viscosity is how smoothly a liquid flows and how hardly
the liquid flows it is highly viscous.
Q.58) Explanation:
 Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object that has motion - whether it is vertical or horizontal motion - has
kinetic energy.
 The potential energy is the energy stored in a body or in a system due to its position in a force field or due to its
configuration.
- It is the stored energy of position possessed by an object.
- Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object as the result of its vertical position or height.

Q.59) Explanation:
A Tribometer is an instrument that measures friction on a surface and a Profilograph is a device used to measure
pavement surface roughness.

Q.60) Explanation:
 The natural tendency of objects to resist a change in their state of rest or of uniform motion is called inertia.

 It flows out of Newton’s first law of motion.

Q.61) Explanation:
 All objects experience a force of buoyancy when they are immersed in a fluid.

 A solid sinks in a liquid if its density is greater than that of the liquid. If less, it floats.

Q.62) Explanation:
 In ordinary bulb 5% to 10% electrical energy only converts into light energy while rest is destroyed in the form of
thermal energy.
 More the resistance, more is the energy dissipated in the form of heat and lesser will be the light energy.

Q.63) Explanation:
 Fuse acts as safety device in electrical circuit.

 Whenever there are the occurrences of overloading or short circuiting anywhere in the circuit, the current of very
large magnitude starts to flow in the wire and the wire of the electric fuse melts and concerned appliances are
prevented to damage.

Q.64) Explanation:
 A fluorescent lamp tube is filled with a gas containing low pressure mercury vapor and argon, xenon, neon, or
krypton.
 The pressure inside the lamp is around 0.3% of atmospheric pressure.
 The mercury confined inside the tube gets sufficient thermal energy and it (mercury) starts to vaporize and finally
due to electron emission ultraviolet UV-rays are emitted.
 When these UV-rays incident on the inside wall of the tube on which fluorescent material is coated then UV-rays are
observed by the wall and a visible rays or light of lower frequency seems to be appeared.

Q.65) Explanation:
 Light and Radio waves are both different frequency/wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, which consists of
two components electric and magnetic of perpendicular, transverse waves.
 Sound, on the other hand, is a longitudinal wave which oscillates parallel to its medium (back and forth instead of up
and down).

Q.66) Explanation:
 We want the temperature when F=C.

 We know that, F = C x 1.8 + 32

So substituting C for F, we have C = −40 degree.

Therefore, C = -40 degree.

Q.67) Explanation:
We know that, in solids all the particles are packed together and hence sound can travel from one to one very fast.
 Hence, speed of sound is maximum in solids and decreases from solids to liquids and liquids to gases. Sound can't
travel through vacuum.

Q.68) Explanation:
 The Whole car - the body and inside - can be considered to be a hollow conductor.

 During the thunderstorm the body - i.e., the outside- gets a charge but there will be no charge inside. So the inside
is safe.

Q.69) Explanation:
 Centripetal force is defined as, "the force that is necessary to keep an object moving in a curved path and that is
directed inward toward the centre of rotation".
 Centrifugal force is defined as "the apparent force that is felt by an object moving in a curved path that acts outwardly
away from the centre of rotation".

Q.70) Explanation:
When one body rolls over the surface of another body, the resistance to its motion is called the rolling friction.
 Rolling reduces friction.
 It is always easier to roll than to slide a body over another. That is the reason it is convenient to pull the luggage
fitted with rollers.
 Sliding is replaced in most machines by rolling by the use of ball bearings.

Q.71) Explanation:
 The Barometer measures the atmospheric pressure.

 Standard atmospheric pressure is defined as 1013.25 mbar, 101.325 kPa, 1.01325 bar, which is about 14.7 pounds
per square inch, which is equivalent to 760 mm Hg.
 It is measured by the aneroid barometer or mercury barometer.

Q.72) Explanation:
A transformer that increases voltage from primary to secondary (more secondary winding turns than primary winding
turns) is called a Step-Up Transformer.

Q.73) Explanation:
When traveling in a vacuum, electronic waves from the electromagnetic spectrum all travel at the same speed.
 Velocity is speed with direction, so they would all travel at the same velocity, relatively speaking.

 But frequency and wavelength are quite different.

Q.74) Explanation:
 Distance between two Consecutive Crests or two Consecutive Troughs is called Wavelength.

 But the distance between crest and adjacent trough is half the wavelength.

Q.75) Explanation:
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
 Rectifiers have many uses including as components of power supplies and as detectors of radio signals.

 A device which performs the opposite function (converting DC to AC) is known as an inverter.

Q.76) Explanation:
In 1803, Dalton propounded that every matter around us is made up from small particles called atoms.
 Dalton also speculated that the atom is the basic constituent of all matters and cannot be divided by any physical or
chemical method.

Q.77) Explanation:
Solid Carbon dioxide is called dry ice because it resembles ice, but carbon dioxide does not exist in liquid form, it
sublimes straight from a solid to a gas.

Q.78) Explanation:
Milk of magnesia, also known as magnesium hydroxide, soothes indigestion. Magnesium hydroxide in water (also called
milk of magnesia) is used as an antacid or laxative.

Q.79) Explanation:
The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralization. Salt and water are produced in this process with
the evolution of heat.
Acid+Base → Salt+Water (Heat is evolved)

Q.80) Explanation:
The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident on the night of 2–3 December
1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
 It is considered to be the world's worst industrial disaster. Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate
(MIC) gas.
 The highly toxic substance made its way into and around the small towns located near the plant.

Q.81) Explanation:
 The process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material by means of electricity is called
electroplating.
- The metallic body which is to be coated acts like anode and the metal whose layer be coated acts like cathode.

Q.82) Explanation:
 In electric cells the chemical energy which is produced by various chemical reaction transforms into electrical
energy.
 Zinc-carbon battery, also called the Leclanche’s cell, is a traditional general-purpose dry cell.

 In this cell in the glass container a saturated solution of NH4Cl is taken.

 In this solution zinc rod acts as cathode and for anode, the carbon rod is kept in the mixture of manganese dioxide
(MnO2) and carbon. The value of emf is 1.5 volt.

Q.83) Explanation:
Lithium metal is mainly used in mobile phone batteries.
 Lithium ion is the most common form of battery because it can store the most energy in the smallest space.
Q.84) Explanation:
Periods are the horizontal rows in the modern or long form of the periodic table.
 The 1st period consists of only two elements - Hydrogen and Helium.

 While the 2nd and 3rd period consists of 8 elements each.

 The 4th and 5th period consists of 18 elements each.

 On the other hand, the 6th period consists of 32 elements.

 The 7th period of the periodic table now has four new elements.

Q.85) Explanation:
Oxidation is defined as the interaction between oxygen molecules and all the different substances they may contact,
from metal to living tissue.
 Oxidation is the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen.

Q.86) Explanation:
About eight percent of the Earth's crust is aluminum, making it the most abundant metal on this planet.

Q.87) Explanation:
Sting of ants and bees contains formic acid. This can be neutralized by rubbing soap, which is alkaline in nature.

Q.88) Explanation:
Mendeleev arranged the elements in increasing order of their atomic masses and according to their chemical
properties.
 Mendeleev even predicted the existence of some yet to be discovered elements on the basis of gaps in his Periodic
Table.

Q.89) Explanation:
Rancidity: When in the food items fats and oils are oxidized, they become rancid and their smell and taste change.

Q.90) Explanation:
The property of metals by which they can be beaten into thin sheets is called malleability.

Q.91) Explanation:
The SI unit of viscosity is poiseiulle (Pl). Its other units are N s m-2 or Pa s.
Q.92) Explanation:
Oscillatory or vibratory motion is that motion in which a body moves to and fro or back and forth repeatedly about
a fixed point in a definite interval of time.
 In such a motion, the body is confined within well-defined limits on either side of mean position.

Q.93) Explanation:
 If the temperature of good conductor is increased then its electrical resistance increases, consequently its
electrical conductance decreases.
 But in semi-conductor with rise in temperature its resistance decreases and consequently its conductivity increases.

Q.94) Explanation:
We can't feel the atmospheric pressure because our body is full of air also.
 The pressure inside lungs, blood vessels and several organs have the same pressure from inside as the
atmospheric pressure is applied on our body from outside.

Q.95) Explanation:
Galvanometers are electrical devices used for the detection or measurement of the electric currents.

Q.96) Explanation:
 The phenomenon of superconductivity was firstly invented in 1911 by a Dutch physicist K. Onnes.

 “Electrical resistance of some metals, alloys and compounds drops suddenly to zero when the specimen is cooled
below a certain temperature called transition temperature.”

Q.97) Explanation:
Plastics which when moulded once, cannot be softened by heating like Bakelite and melamine.
 Bakelite is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. It is used for making electrical switches, handles of various
utensils, etc.

Q.98) Explanation:
Diamagnetism is the property of an object which causes it to create a magnetic field in opposition to an externally
applied magnetic field, thus causing a repulsive effect.
 Cobalt, Iron and Nickel etc. are some of the common ferromagnetic materials.

Q.99) Explanation:
 Solubility is the new bond formation between the solute molecules and solvent molecules.
 Solubilities of Gases in Water at 293 K

Q.100) Explanation:
 In 1866, John Newlands, an English scientist, arranged the then known elements in the order of increasing atomic
masses.
- He started with the element having the lowest atomic mass (hydrogen) and ended at thorium which was the 56th
element.