Chapter 12

CHAPTER – 12
HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES

Exercise – 12.1
Page No 12.29:
Question 1: A tower stands vertically on the ground. From a point on the
ground 20 m away from the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation of
the top of the tower is 60°. What is the height of the tower?
T IO S I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
Let AB be the tower of height h m and C be the point on the ground,
A
makes an angle of elevation 60° with the top of tower AB.
PY
DO U A
In a triangle ABC, given that BC = 20 m and ∠𝐶 = 60°
T
ED PR
C
©
Now we have to find height of tower AB, so we use trigonometrical ratios.

In the triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ √3 =
20
⇒ ℎ = 20√3
Hence height of tower is 20√3 meters.
Page No 12.29:
Question 2: The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a wall is
60° and the foot of the ladder is 9.5 m away from the wall. Find the length
of the ladder.
ANSWER:
Let AC be the ladder of length h m and C be the points, makes an angle of
elevation 60° with the wall and foot of the ladder is 9.5 meter away from
wall.
T IO S
In a triangle ABC, given that BC = 9.5 m and angle C = 60°
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Now we have to find length of ladder.

So we use trigonometrically ratios.
In a triangle ABC,
𝐵𝐶
⇒ cos 𝐶 =
𝐴𝐶
9.5
⇒ cos 60° =
ℎ
1 9.5
⇒ =
2 ℎ
⇒ ℎ = 19
Hence length of ladder is 19 meters.
Page No 12.29:
Question 3: A ladder is placed along a wall of a house such that its upper
end is touching the top of the wall. The foot of the ladder is 2 m away
from the wall and the ladder is making an angle of 60° with the level of
the ground. Determine the height of the wall.
ANSWER:
Let AB be the wall of height h m and C be the points, makes an angle 60°
and foot of the ladder is 2m away from the wall. We have to find height
T IO S
of wall
I
NO A D
In a triangle ABC, given that BC = 2m and angle C = 60°
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Now we have to find the height of wall.

In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 60° =
2
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 2
⇒ ℎ = 2√3
Hence height of wall is 2√3 meters.
Page No 12.29:
Question 4: An electric pole is 10 m high. A steel wire tied to top of the
pole is affixed at a point on the ground to keep the pole up right. If the
wire makes an angle of 45° with the horizontal through the foot of the
T IO S
pole, find the length of the wire.
I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
Let AC be the wire of length h m and C be the point, makes an angle of
45°
PY
DO U A
In a triangle ABC, given that height of electric pole is BC = 2m and
T
ED PR
angle C = 45°
Now we have to find the length of wire.
C
©

In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ sin 𝐶 =
𝐴𝐶
10
⇒ sin 45° =
ℎ
1 10
⇒ =
√2 ℎ
⇒ ℎ = 10√2
Therefore ℎ = 14.1
Hence the length of wire is 14.1 meters.
T IO S
Page No 12.29:
I
NO A D
Question 5: A kit is flying at a height of 75 metres from the ground level,
CO N
A
attached to a string inclined at 60 to the horizontal. Find the length of the
PY
string to the nearest metre.
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
Let AC be the string of length h m and C be the point, makes an angle of

60° and the kite is flying at the height of 75 m from the ground level.
C
In a triangle ABC, given that height of kite is AB = 75 m and angle C =

©
60°
Now we have to find the length of string.
So we use trigonometric ratios.
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ sin 𝐶 =
𝐴𝐶
75
⇒ sin 60° =
ℎ
√3 75
⇒ =
2 ℎ
150
T IO S
⇒ ℎ=
√3
I
NO A D
Therefore, h = 86.6
CO N
A
Hence length of string is 87 meters.
PY
DO U A
T
Page No 12.29:
ED PR
Question 6: A ladder 15 metres long just reaches the top of a vertical wall.
If the ladder makes an angle of 600 with the wall, find the height of the
C
wall.
©
ANSWER:
Let the height of the wall be h meters.

In triangle ABC,
ℎ
cos 60° =
15
1 ℎ
⇒ =
2 15
⇒ ℎ = 7.5 m
Hence, the height of the wall is 7.5 meters.
Page No 12.29:
Question 7: A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is
surmounted by a vertical flag-staff. At a point on the plane 70 metres away
from the tower, an observer notices that the angles of elevation of the top
and the bottom of the flagstaff are respectively 60° and 45°. Find the
T IO S
height of the flag-staff and that of the tower.
I
NO A D
ANSWER:
CO N
A
Let BC be the tower of height x m and AB be the flag staff of height y, 70
PY
m away from the tower, makes an angle of elevation are 60° and 45°
DO U A
respectively from top and bottom of the flag staff.
T
ED PR
Let AB = y m, BC = x m and CD = 70 m.
∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 45° and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 60°
C

©
In a triangle BCD,
𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐶𝐷
𝑥
⇒ tan 45° =
70
70
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 70
Again in a triangle ADC,
𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐶𝐷
𝑦+𝑥
⇒ tan 60° =
T IO S
70
I
𝑦+70
⇒ √3 =
NO A D 70
CO N
A
⇒ 70√3 = 70 + 𝑦
PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑦 = 90(√3 − 1)
T
ED PR
⇒ 𝑦 = 51.24
Hence the height of flag staff is 51.24 m and height of tower is 70 m.
C
©
Page No 12.30:
Question 8: A vertically straight tree, 15 m high, is broken by the wind
in such a way that it tops just touches the ground and makes an angle of
60° with the ground. At what height from the ground did the tree break?
ANSWER:
Let AB be the tree of desired height x m and tree is broken by wind then
tree makes an angle C = 60°. Let AC=15 − x
Here we have to find height x
T IO S
In a triangle ACB,
I
𝐴𝐵
⇒ sin 𝐶 =
NO A D 𝐴𝐶
CO N
𝑥
A
⇒ sin 60° =
15−𝑥
PY
DO U A
√3 𝑥
⇒ =
2
T15−𝑥
ED PR
⇒ 15√3 − √3𝑥 = 2𝑥
⇒ 15√3 = 2𝑥 + √3𝑥
C
©
⇒ 15√3 = 2𝑥 + √3𝑥
⇒ 15√3 = 𝑥(2 + √3)
15√3
⇒𝑥=
2+√3
⇒ 𝑥 = 6.9
Hence the height of tree is 6.9 m.
Page No 12.30:
surmounted by a vertical flag-staff of height 5 metres. At a point on the
plane, the angles of elevation of the bottom and the top of the flag-staff
are respectively 30° and 60°. Find the height of the tower.
ANSWER:
Let BC be the tower of height h m and AB be the flag staff with distance
5m. Then angle of elevation from the top and bottom of flag staff are 60°
and 30° respectively.
Let 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥 and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 60°,∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = 30°
T IO S
Here we have to find height h of tower.
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In a triangle BCD,
𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = √3ℎ
Again in a triangle ACD
𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐶𝐷
ℎ+5
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑥
ℎ+5
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
⇒ √3 × ℎ√3 = ℎ + 5
⇒ 3ℎ = ℎ + 5
T IO S
⇒ 2ℎ = 5
I
⇒ ℎ = 2.5
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 12.30:
T
ED PR
Question 10: A person observed the angle of elevation of the top of a

tower as 30°. He walked 50 m towards the foot of the tower along level
C
ground and found the angle of elevation of the top of the tower as 60°.
©
Find the height of the tower.

ANSWER:
Let AB be the tower of height h. And person makes an angle of elevation
of top of tower is 30°, he walks 50 m towards the foot of tower then makes
an angle of elevation 60°
Let 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥, 𝐶𝐷 = 50, and ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 60°, ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 30°
Now we have to find height of tower.
We have the corresponding figure as follows
T IO S
In a triangle ABC,
I
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
NO A D 𝐵𝐶
CO N
ℎ
A
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑥
PY
DO U A
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
T
ED PR
ℎ
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
C
Again in a triangle ADB,

©
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥+50
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥+50
⇒ √3ℎ = 𝑥 + 50
ℎ
⇒ √3ℎ = + 50
√3
⇒ 3ℎ = ℎ + 50√3
⇒ 2ℎ = 50√3
⇒ ℎ = 25√3
⇒ ℎ = 25 × 1.73
⇒ ℎ = 43.25
Hence the height of tower is 43.25 m.
Page No 12.30:
Question 11: The shadow of a tower, when the angle of elevation of the
sun is 45°, is found to be 10 m longer than when it was 60°. Find the
T IO S
height of the tower.
I
NO A D
ANSWER:
CO N
A
Let h be height of tower AB and angle of elevation are 45° and 60° are
given.
PY
DO U A
In a triangle OAC, given that AB = 10+x and BC = x

T
ED PR
Now we have to find height of tower.

So we use trigonometrical ratios.
C
©
In a triangle OAB,
𝑂𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐴 =
𝐴𝐵
𝑂𝐵
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐴𝐵
ℎ
⇒ 1=
10+𝑥
⇒ ℎ = 10 + 𝑥
Therefore 𝑥 = ℎ − 10
Again in a triangle OCB,
𝑂𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
𝑂𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
T IO S
𝐵𝐶
I
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ ℎ = √3𝑥
PY
Put 𝑥 = ℎ − 10
DO U A
T
⇒ ℎ = √3(ℎ − 10)
ED PR
⇒ ℎ = √3ℎ − 10√3
C
⇒ 10√3 = ℎ(√3 − 1)
©
10√3
⇒ ℎ=
(√3−1)
10×1.732
⇒ ℎ = (1.732−1)
17.32
⇒ ℎ=
0.372
⇒ ℎ = 23.66
Hence height of tower is 23.66 m.
Page No 12.30:
Question 12: A parachutist is descending vertically and makes angles of
elevation of 45° and 60° at two observing points 100 m apart from each
other on the left side of himself. Find the maximum height from which he
falls and the distance of the point where he falls on the ground form the
just observation point.
ANSWER:
Let BC be the height h of the parachutist and makes an angle of
T IO S
elevations 45° and 60° respectively at two observing points 100 apart
I
from each other.
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Let AD = 100, CD = 𝑥, 𝐵𝐶 = ℎ and ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 45°, ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 60°

In triangle BCD
ℎ
tan 60° =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒𝑥=
√3
Now in triangle ABC,
ℎ
tan 45° =
𝑥+100
ℎ
⇒1=
𝑥+100
⇒ 𝑥 + 100 = ℎ
ℎ
⇒ + 100 = ℎ
√3
T IO S
⇒ ℎ + 100√3 = √3ℎ
I
100√3
⇒ℎ=
NO A D
√3−1
CO N
A
⇒ ℎ = 50(3 + √3)
PY
DO U A
ℎ
⇒𝑥=
√3
T
ED PR
50(3+√3)
𝑥=
√3
C
= 50(1 + √3)
©
Hence the maximum height is 50(3 + √3) m = 236.6 m. and distance

is 50(1 + √3)m = 136.6 m.
Page No 12.30:
Question 13: On the same side of a tower, two objects are located. When
observed from the top of the tower, their angles of depression are 45° and
60°. If the height of the tower is 150 m, find the distance between the
objects.
ANSWER:
Let AB be the tower of height 150 m and Two objects are located when
top of tower are observed, makes an angle of depression from the top and
bottom of tower are 45° and 60° respectively.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Let 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥, 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑦 and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 60°, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 45°

C
In a triangle ABC,
©
150
tan 45° =
𝑥+𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 150 …. (1)
Again in a triangle ABD,
150
tan 60° =
𝑦
150
⇒ √3 =
𝑦
⇒ √3𝑦 = 150 …. (2)

So from (1) and (2) we get
150
𝑥+ = 150
√3
⇒ √3𝑥 = 150(√3 − 1)
⇒ 𝑥 = 63.39
Hence the required distance is approximately 63.4 m.
Page No 12.30:
T IO S
Question 14: The angle of elevation of a tower from a point on the same
I
level as the foot of the tower is 30°. On advancing 150 metres towards the
NO A D
CO N
foot of the tower, the angle of elevation of the tower becomes 60°. Show
A
that the height of the tower is 129.9 metres (Use √3 = 1.732)
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
Let h be height of tower and angle of elevation of foot of tower is 30°, on

advancing
150 m towards the foot of tower then angle of elevation becomes 60°.
C
©
We assume that BC = x and CD = 150 m.

Now we have to prove height of tower is 129.9 m.
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
ℎ
⇒ =𝑥
√3
T IO S
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷
I
⇒ NO A D
tan 30° =
ℎ
CO N
𝑥+150
A
1 ℎ
⇒ =
PY
DO U A
√3 𝑥+150
T
⇒ 𝑥 + 150 = √3ℎ
ED PR
⇒ 𝑥 = √3ℎ − 150
C
ℎ
⇒ = √3ℎ − 150
©
√3
⇒ ℎ = 3ℎ − 150√3
⇒ 2ℎ = 150√3
150×1.732
⇒ ℎ=
2
⇒ ℎ = 129.9
Hence the height of tower is 129.9 m proved.
Page No 12.30:
Question 15: The angle of elevation of the top of a tower as observed
form a point in a horizontal plane through the foot of the tower is 32°.
When the observer moves towards the tower a distance of 100 m, he finds
the angle of elevation of the top to be 63°. Find the height of the tower
and the distance of the first position from the tower.
[Take tan 32° = 0.6248 and tan 63° = 1.9626]
ANSWER:
Let h be height of tower and the angle of elevation as observed from the
foot of tower is 32° and observed move towards the tower with distance
100 m then angle of elevation becomes 63°.
T IO S
Let BC = x and CD = 100
I
NO A D
Now we have to find height of tower
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 63° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ 1.9626 =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒ 𝑥=
1.9626

𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 32° =
𝑥+100
ℎ
⇒ 0.6248 =
𝑥+100
ℎ
⇒ 𝑥 + 100 =
0.6248
ℎ ℎ
⇒ 100 = −
0.6248 1.9626
ℎ×1.9626−ℎ×0.6248
⇒ 100 =
0.6248×1.9626
T IO S
ℎ(1.9626−0.6248)
⇒ 100 =
I
0.6248×1.9626
NO A D
CO N
ℎ(1.3378)
⇒ 100 =
A
0.6248×1.9626
PY
⇒ 100 × 0.6248 × 1.9626 = ℎ × 1.3378
DO U A
100×0.6248×1.9626
T
⇒ ℎ=
ED PR
1.3378
122.6232
⇒ =
1.3378
C
⇒ = 91.66
©
91.66
⇒ 𝑥=
1.9626
⇒ = 146.7
So distance of the first position from the tower is = 100 + 46.7 = 146.7 m
Hence the height of tower is 91.66 m and the desires distance is 14.67 m.
Page No 12.30:
Question 16: The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point A
on the ground is 30°. On moving a distance of 20 metres towards the foot
of the tower to a point B the angle of elevation increases to 60°. Find the
height of the tower and the distance of the tower from the point A.
ANSWER:
Let h be height of tower and the angle of elevation of the top of tower
from a point A on the ground is 30° and on moving with distance 20 m
towards the foot of tower on the point B is 60°.
Let AB = 20 and 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥
Now we have to find height of tower and distance of tower from point A.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
In ∆DBC,
C
©
𝐶𝐷
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐶𝐷
⇒ tan 63° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
ℎ
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
Again in ∆DAC,
𝐶𝐷
⇒ tan 𝐴 =
𝐵𝐶+𝐵𝐴
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥+20
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥+20
⇒ 𝑥 = √3ℎ − 20
ℎ
⇒ + 20 = √3ℎ
√3
ℎ
⇒ − √3ℎ = −20
√3
⇒ ℎ − 3ℎ = −20√3
T IO S
⇒ −2ℎ = −20√3
I
⇒
NO A D ℎ = 10√3
CO N
A
⇒ ℎ = 17.32
PY
10√3
DO U A
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
T
ED PR
⇒ 𝑥 = 10
So distance
C
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑥 + 20
©
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = 30
Hence the required height is 17.32 m and distance is 30 m.
Page No 12.30:
Question 17: From the top of a building 15 m high the angle of elevation
of the top of a tower is found to be 30°. From the bottom of the same
building, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is found to be 60°.
Find the height of the tower and the distance between the tower and
building.
ANSWER:
In the figure let OD = h and AD be the tower. The angle of elevation from
the top of building to the top of tower is to be found 30°. Height of
building is 15 m and an angle of elevation from the bottom of same
building is found to be 60°.
Let DC = x and ∠𝐶 = 30°, ∠𝐵 = 60°, 𝐴𝐷 = 15
Here we have to find height of tower and distance between the tower and
building.
The corresponding diagram is as follows
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
In a triangle ODC,
𝑂𝐷
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐷𝐶
𝑂𝐷
⇒ tan 30° =
𝐷𝐶
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = √3ℎ
Again in a triangle OAB,
𝐴𝐷+𝐷𝑂
⇒ tan 𝐵 =
𝐴𝐵
ℎ+15
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑥
ℎ+15
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
ℎ+15
⇒ √3 =
√3ℎ
⇒ 3ℎ = ℎ + 15
⇒ 2ℎ = 15
T IO S
⇒ ℎ = 7.5
I
⇒ 𝑥 = ℎ√3
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑥 = 7.5 × 1.732
A
⇒ 𝑥 = 12.9
PY
DO U A
So height of the tower is as follows:

T
ED PR
⇒ 𝑂𝐴 = ℎ + 15
⇒ 𝑂𝐴 = 7.5 + 15
C
©
⇒ 𝑂𝐴 = 22.5
Hence the required height is 22.5 meter and distance is 12.9 meter.
Page No 12.30:
Question 18: On a horizontal plane there is vertical tower with a flag pole
on the top of the tower. At a point 9 metres away from the foot of the
tower the angle of elevation of the top and bottom of the flag pole are 60°
and 30° respectively. Find the height of the tower and the flag pole
mounted on it.
ANSWER:
Let AB be the tower of height h and AD be the flag pole on tower. At the
point 9m away from the foot of tower, the angle of elevation of the top
and bottom of flag pole are 60° and 30°. Let AD = x, BC = 9 and ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 =
30°,∠𝐷𝐶𝐵 = 60° .
Here we have to find height of tower and height of flag pole.
The corresponding diagram is as follows
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
9
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 9
9
⇒ ℎ=
√3
⇒ ℎ = 3√3
Again in a triangle DBC,
𝐴𝐵+𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ+𝑥
⇒ tan 60° =
9
ℎ+𝑥
⇒ √3 = 9
⇒ 9√3 = ℎ + 𝑥
⇒ 9√3 = 3√3 + 𝑥
T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 = 6√3
I
So height of tower is 3√3 meter and height of flag pole is 6√3 meters.
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
Page No 12.30:
DO U A
T
Question 19: A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends so that
ED PR
the top of the tree touches the ground making an angle of 30° with the
ground. The distance between the foot of the tree to the point where the
C
top touches the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.

©
ANSWER:
Let AB be the tree of height h. And the top of tree makes an angle 30° with
ground. The distance between foot of tree to the point where the top
touches is 8m. Let BC = 8. And ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 30°.
Here we have to find height of tree.
So we trigonometric ratios
T IO S
In a triangle ABC,
I
⇒ NO A D
tan 𝐶 =
𝐴𝐵
CO N
𝐵𝐶
A
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 30° =
PY
DO U A
𝐵𝐶
1 ℎ
T
⇒ =
ED PR
√3 8
8
⇒ ℎ=
√3
C
©
Now in triangle ABC

𝐴𝐵
sin 30° =
𝐵𝐶
1 ℎ
⇒ =
2 𝐴𝐶
8
1 √3
⇒ =
2 𝐴𝐶
16
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 =
√3
So the height of the tree is ℎ + 𝐴𝐶

8 16
ℎ + 𝐴𝐶 = +
√3 √3
= 8√3
Hence the height of tree is 8√3 m.
Page No 12.30:
Question 20: From a point P on the ground the angle of elevation of a 10
m tall building is 30°. A flag is hoisted at the top of the building and the
angle of elevation of the top of the flag-staff from P is 45°. Find the length
of the flag-staff and the distance of the building from the point P.
(Take √3 = 1.732).
T IO S I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
Let be the flag of length h m on the building BC.
A
We assume that 𝐵𝐶 = 10, 𝐶𝑃 = 𝑦 and ∠𝐴𝑃𝐶 = 45°, ∠𝐵𝑃𝐶 = 30°
PY
DO U A
Now we have to find height of flag-staff and distance of the point P from
T
ED PR
the building
The corresponding figure is as follows
C
©
In a triangle BPC,
𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝑃 =
𝐶𝑃
𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 30° =
𝐶𝑃
1 10
⇒ =
√3 𝑦
⇒ 𝑦 = 10√3
⇒ 𝑦 = 17.32
Again in a triangle ACP,
𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝑃 =
𝐶𝑃
ℎ+10
⇒ tan 45° =
T IO S
𝑦
I
ℎ+10
⇒ 1=
NO A D 17.32
CO N
A
⇒ ℎ = 10 − 17.32
PY
DO U A
⇒ ℎ = 7.32
T
Hence the length is 17.32 m and distance is 7.32 m.
ED PR
C
Page No 12.31:
©
Question 21: A 1.6 m tall girl stands at a distance of 3.2 m from a lamp-
post and casts a shadow of 4.8 m on the ground. Find the height of the
lamp-post by using (i) trigonometric ratios (ii) property of similar
triangles.
ANSWER:
Let AC be the lamp post of height h.
We assume that ED = 1.6 m, BE = 4.8 m and EC = 3.2 m
We have to find the height of the lamp post
Now we have to find height of lamp post using similar triangles.
Since triangle BDE and triangle ABC are similar.
T IO S
𝐴𝐶 𝐸𝐷
I
=
𝐵𝐶
NO A D 𝐵𝐸
CO N
ℎ 1.6
A
=
4.8+3.2 4.8
PY
8
DO U A
ℎ=
3
T
ED PR
Again, we have to find height of lamp post using trigonometric ratios.

In ∆ADE
C
1.6
©
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
4.8
1
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
3
Again in ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
4.8+3.2
1 ℎ
⇒ =
3 8
8
⇒ ℎ=
3
8
Hence the height of lamp post is m.
3
Page No 12.31:
Question 22: A 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some distance from a 30 m
tall building. The angle of elevation from his eyes to the top of the
building increase from 30° to 60° as he walks towards the building. Find
the distance he walked towards the building.
ANSWER:
Let BG be the distance of tall Boy x and he walks towards the building,
makes an angle of elevation at top of building increase from 30° to 60°.
T IO S
Therefore ∠A = 30° and ∠F = 60° given CE = 30 m, AB = 15 m, FG = 1.5
I
NO A D
and DE = 28.5, GC = X − x and FD = X − x
CO N
A
We have to find x
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
In ∆AED,
𝐸𝐷
⇒ tan 𝐴 =
𝐴𝐷
28.5
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑋
1 28.5
⇒ =
√3 𝑋
⇒ 𝑋 = 49.36
Again in ∆EFD,
𝐷𝐸
⇒ tan 𝐹 =
𝐹𝐷
28.5
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑋−𝑥
28.5
⇒ √3 = 49.36−𝑥
⇒ 28.5 = 49.36√3 − √3𝑥

57
T IO S
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
I
⇒
NO A D 𝑥 = 19√3
CO N
A
Hence the required distance is 19√3 m.
PY
DO U A
T
Page No 12.31:
ED PR
Question 23: The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is found

to be 40 m longer when Sun's altitude is 30° than when it was 60°. Find
C
©
the height of the tower.

ANSWER:
Let AB be the tower of height h. given the shadow of tower DC = 40m.
attitude of sun are ∠𝐷 = 30° and ∠𝐶 = 60°. Here we have to find height
of tower. Let 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥 and 𝐷𝐶 = 40.
So we have trigonometric ratios
In ∆ACB
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
ℎ
T IO S
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
I
NO A D
Again in ∆ADB
CO N
A
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐷𝐵
PY
DO U A
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
40+𝑥
T
ED PR
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 40+𝑥
C
⇒ 40 + 𝑥 = √3ℎ
©
ℎ
Put 𝑥 =
√3
⇒ 40 + 𝑥 = √3ℎ
ℎ
⇒ 40 = √3ℎ −
√3
2ℎ
⇒ 40 =
√3
⇒ ℎ = 20√3
Hence height of tower is 20√3 m.
Page No 12.31:
Question 24: From a point on the ground the angles of elevation of the
bottom and top of a transmission tower fixed at the top of 20 m high
building are 45° and 60° respectively. Find the height of the transmission
tower.
ANSWER:
Let AB be the building of height 20 m and BC the transmission tower of
height h meter.
T IO S
Again let the angle of elevation of the bottom and top of tower at the
I
NO A D
point O is 45° and 60° respectively.
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
In ∆OAB
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑂𝐴
20
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 20
Again in ∆OAC
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑂𝐴
ℎ+20
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
⇒ √3𝑥 = ℎ + 20
⇒ 20√3 = ℎ + 20
⇒ ℎ = 20√3 − 20
⇒ ℎ = 20(√3 − 1)
Hence the height of tower is 20(√3 − 1)m.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 12.31:
A
Question 25: The angles of depression of the top and bottom of 8 m tall
PY
DO U A
building from the top of a multistoried building are 30° and 45°
T
respectively. Find the height of the multistoried building and the distance
ED PR
between the two buildings.

ANSWER:
C
©
Let AD be the multistoried building of height h m. And angle of

depression of the top and bottom are 30° and 45°. We assume that BE =
8, CD = 8 and BC = x, ED = x and
AC = h − 8. Here we have to find height and distance of building.
We use trigonometrical ratio.
In ∆AED,
𝐴𝐷
⇒ tan 𝐸 =
𝐷𝐶
𝐴𝐷
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐷𝐸
ℎ
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥=ℎ
Again in ∆ABC,
T IO S I
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐵 =
NO A D 𝐵𝐶
CO N
ℎ−8
A
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑥
PY
DO U A
1 ℎ−8
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
T
ED PR
⇒ ℎ√3 − 8√3 = 𝑥
⇒ ℎ√3 − 8√3 = ℎ
C
©
⇒ ℎ(√3 − 1) = 8√3
8√3 √3+1
⇒ ℎ= ×
√3−1 √3+1
24+8√3
⇒ ℎ=
2
⇒ ℎ = 4(3 + √3)
And
⇒ 𝑥 = 4(3 + √3)
Hence the required height is 4(3 + √3) meter and distance is 4(3 +
√3) meter.
Page No 12.31:
Question 26: A statue 1.6 m tall stands on the top of pedestal. From a
point on the ground, the angle of elevation of the top of the statue is 60°
and from the same point the angle of elevation of the top of the pedestal
is 45°. Find the height of the pedestal.
ANSWER:
Let AB be the pedestal of height h m and BC the statue of height 1.6 meter
and angle of elevation at top of statue is 60° and angle of elevation of
T IO S
pedestal at the same point is 45°. Here we have to find height of pedestal.
I
NO A D
The corresponding figure is here
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
In ΔOAB
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑂𝐴
ℎ
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥=ℎ
Again in ΔOAC
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑂𝐴
ℎ+1.6
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
⇒ √3𝑥 = ℎ + 1.6
⇒ ℎ√3 = ℎ + 1.6
1.6
⇒ ℎ=
√3−1
⇒ ℎ = 0.8(√3 + 1)
Hence the height of pedestal is 0.8(√3 + 1).
T IO S
Page No 12.31:
I
NO A D
Question 27: A T.V. Tower stands vertically on a bank of a river. From
CO N
A
a point on the other bank directly opposite the tower, the angle of elevation
PY
of the top of the tower is 60°. From a point 20 m away this point on the
DO U A
same bank, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 30°. Find the
T
height of the tower and the width of the river.
ED PR
ANSWER:
C
Let AB be the T.V tower of height h m on a bank of river and D be the

©
point on the opposite of the river. An angle of elevation at top of tower is

60° and from a point 20m away then angle of elevation of tower at the
same point is 30°. Let AB = h and BC = x.
Here we have to find height and width of river.
The corresponding figure is here
In ∆CAB
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
⇒ √3𝑥 = ℎ
ℎ
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
Again in ∆DBA
T IO S
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 30° =
𝐵𝐶
I
⇒ NO A D1
=
ℎ
CO N
√3 20+𝑥
A
⇒ √3ℎ = 20 + 𝑥
PY
DO U A
ℎ
⇒ √3ℎ = 20 +
T
√3
ED PR
ℎ
⇒ √3ℎ − = 20
√3
C
2ℎ
⇒ = 20
©
√3
⇒ ℎ = 10√3
10√3
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
⇒ 𝑥 = 10
Hence the height of the tower is 10√3 m and width of river is 10 m.
Page No 12.31:
Question 28: From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle of elevation
of the top of a cable tower is 60° and the angle of depression of its foot is
45°. Determine the height of the tower.
ANSWER:
Let OC be the tower of height H m and 7 m high building makes an angle
of elevation of top of cable wire is 60° and an angle of depression from
the its foot is 45°.
Let BC = 𝑥, 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑥 and 𝐶𝐷 = 7, 𝐴𝐵 = 7 and ∠𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 60°, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 =
45°
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
7
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑥
7
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥=7
Again in a triangle OAD,
𝑂𝐷
⇒ tan 𝐴 =
𝐴𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 7
⇒ ℎ = 7√3
⇒ 𝐻 =ℎ+7
⇒ 𝐻 = 7√3 + 7
⇒ 𝐻 = 7(√3 + 1)
Hence the height of tower is 7(√3 + 1)m.
T IO S I
NO A D Page No 12.31:
CO N
A
Question 29: As observed from the top of a 75 m tall light house, the
PY
DO U A
angle of depression of two ships are 30° and 45°. If one ship is exactly
behind the other on the same side of the lighthouse, find the distance
T
ED PR
between the two ships.

ANSWER:
C
Let OC be the height of light house 75 m. and A and B the position of two
©
ships and angle of depression are 𝐴 = 30°and 𝐵 = 45°. Let 𝑂𝐶 =

75 and 𝐵𝐶 = ℎ, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥
Here we have to find distance between two ships.
So we trigonometric ratios,
In ΔOBC
𝑂𝐶
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐵𝐶
75
⇒ 1=
ℎ
⇒ ℎ = 75
Again in ∆OAC,
T IO S
𝑂𝐶
⇒ tan 30° =
I
𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐶
NO A D
CO N
1 75
⇒ =
A
√3 𝑥+ℎ
PY
⇒ 𝑥 + ℎ = 75√3
DO U A
T
⇒ 𝑥 + 75 = 75√3
ED PR
⇒ 𝑦 = 75(√3 − 1)
C
Hence distance between two ships is 75(√3 − 1) m.

©
Page No 12.31:
Question 30: The angle of elevation of the top of the building from the
foot of the tower is 30° and the angle of the top of the tower from the foot
of the building is 60°. If the tower is 50 m high, find the height of the
building.
ANSWER:
Let AD be the building of height h m. and an angle of elevation of top of
building from the foot of tower is 30° and an angle of the top of tower
from the foot of building is 60°.
Let AD = h, AB = x and BC = 50 and ,
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
In a triangle ABC,
PY
DO U A
50
⇒ tan 60° =
T
𝑥
ED PR
50
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
C
50
⇒ 𝑥=
©
√3

𝐴𝐷
⇒ tan 30° =
𝐴𝐵
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
𝑥
⇒ ℎ=
√3
50
⇒ ℎ=
√3×√3
50
⇒ ℎ=
3
50
Hence the height of building is m.
3
Page No 12.31:
Question 31: From a point on a bridge across a river the angles of
depression of the banks on opposite side of the river are 30° and 45°
respectively. If bridge is at the height of 30 m from the banks, find the
width of the river.
ANSWER:
Let BD be the width of river. And the angle of depression of the bank on
opposite side of the river are 30° and 45° respectively. It is given that AC
T IO S
= 30 m. Let 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥 and 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑦. And ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 30°, ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 45°.
I
NO A D
Here we have to find the width of river.
CO N
A
We have the following figure
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 30° =
𝐵𝐶
1 30
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 30√3
Again in a triangle ADC,
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐶𝐷
30
⇒ 1=
𝑦
⇒ 𝑦 = 30
So width of river is:
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 30√3 + 30
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 30(√3 + 1)
Hence the width of river is 30(√3 + 1) m.
T IO S I
CO N
A
Question 32: Two poles of equal heights are standing opposite to each
PY
DO U A
other on either side of the road which is 80 m wide. From a point between
them on the road the angles of elevation of the top of the poles are 60° and
T
ED PR
30° respectively. Find the height of the poles and the distance of the point
from the poles.
C
ANSWER:
©
Let AB and CD be the two poles of equal height h m. O be the points

makes an angle of elevation from the top of poles are 60° and 30°
respectively.
Let OA = 80 – x, 𝑂𝐷 = 𝑥. And ∠𝐵𝑂𝐴 = 30°, ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = 60°.
Here we have find height of poles and distance of the points from poles.
We have the corresponding figure as follows.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
In a triangle 𝐶𝑂𝐷,
A
𝐶𝐷
PY
⇒ tan 60° =
DO U A
𝐷𝑂
T ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
ED PR
ℎ
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
C
©
Again in a triangle AOB,

𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑂𝐴
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 80−𝑥
⇒ √3ℎ = 80 − 𝑥
ℎ
⇒ √3ℎ = 80 −
√3
ℎ
⇒ √3ℎ + = 80
√3
⇒ 3ℎ + ℎ = 80√3
⇒ 4ℎ = 80√3
⇒ ℎ = 20√3
20√3
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
⇒ = 20
And
⇒ OA = 80 − 𝑥
⇒ = 80 – 20
T IO S
⇒ = 60
I
NO A D
Hence the height of pole is 20√3 m. and distances are 20 m, 60 m
CO N
A
respectively.
PY
DO U A
T
Page No 12.31:
ED PR
Question 33: A man sitting at a height of 20 m on a tall tree on a small

island in the middle of a river observes two poles directly opposite to each
C
other on the two banks of the river and in line with the foot of tree. If the
©
angles of depression of the feet of the poles from a point at which the man
is sitting on the tree on either side of the river are 60° and 30°respectively.
Find the width of the river.
ANSWER:
Let BD be the width of river. And the angles of depression on either side
of the river are 30° and 60° respectively. It is given that AC = 20 m.
Let BC = x and CD = y. And ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 30°, ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 60°
Here we have to find the width of river.
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐶
T IO S
⇒ tan 𝐵 =
𝐵𝐶
I
20
NO A D
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥
CO N
A
1 20
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑥 = 20√3
T
ED PR
Again in a triangle ADC

𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
C
𝐶𝐷
©
20
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑦
20
⇒ √3 = 𝑦
20
⇒ 𝑦=
√3
20
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20√3 +
20√3
80
⇒𝑥+𝑦 =
√3
80
Hence width of river is m.
√3
Page No 12.31:
surmounted by a flag-staff of height 7 m. From a point on the plane, the
angle of elevation of the bottom of the flag-staff is 30° and that of the top
of the flag-staff is 45°. Find the height of the tower.
ANSWER:
Let BC be the tower of height h m. AB be the flag staff of height 7 m on
tower and D be the point on the plane making an angle of elevation of the
T IO S
top of the flag staff is 45° and angle of elevation of the bottom of the flag
I
staff is 30°.
NO A D
CO N
Let CD = x, AB = 7 and ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = 30° and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 45°.
A
PY
We to find height of the tower
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In a triangle BCD
𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = √3ℎ
𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐶𝐷
ℎ+7
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑥
ℎ+7
T IO S
⇒ 1=
𝑥
I
⇒
NO A D
𝑥 =ℎ+7
CO N
A
⇒ √3ℎ = ℎ + 7
PY
DO U A
⇒ ℎ(√3 − 1) = 7
T
7
ED PR
⇒ ℎ=
√3−1
⇒ ℎ = 9.56
C
©
Page No 12.32:
Question 35: The length of the shadow of a tower standing on level plane
is found to be 2x metres longer when the sun's altitude is 30° than when it
was 45°. Prove that the height of tower is 𝑥 (√3 + 1) metres.
ANSWER:
Let AB be the tower of height h m. the length of shadow of tower to be
found 2x meters at the plane longer when sun’s altitude is 30° than when
it was 45°. Let BC = y m, CD = 2x m and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 30°, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 45°.
We have to find the height of the tower
T IO S I
In a triangle ABC,
NO A D 𝐴𝐵
CO N
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
A
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
PY
⇒ tan 45° =
DO U A
𝑦
T
ℎ
ED PR
⇒ 1=
𝑦
⇒ 𝑦=ℎ
C
©
Again in a triangle ADB

𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
2𝑥+𝑦
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 2𝑥+𝑦
⇒ √3ℎ = 2𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ √3ℎ = 2𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ ℎ(√3 − 1) = 2𝑥
2𝑥
⇒ ℎ=
(√3−1)
⇒ ℎ = 𝑥(√3 − 1)
Hence the height of tower is 𝑥(√3 − 1)m.
Page No 12.32:
Question 36: A tree breaks due to the storm and the broken part bends so
that the top of the tree touches the ground making an angle of 30° with the
ground. The distance from the foot of the tree to the point where the top
T IO S
touches the ground is 10 metres. Find the height of the tree.
I
NO A D
ANSWER:
CO N
A
Let AB be the tree of height h. And the top of tree makes an angle 30° with
ground. The distance between foot of tree to the point where the top
PY
DO U A
touches the ground is 10 m. Let BC = 10. And ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 30°.
T
ED PR
Here we have to find height of tree.

Here we have the corresponding figure
C
©

In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 30° =
𝐵𝐶
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 10
10
⇒ ℎ=
√3
Now in triangle ABC we have

ℎ
sin 30° =
𝐴𝐶
T IO S
1 10
⇒ =
2 √3𝐴𝐶
I
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = NO A D 20
CO N
√3
A
So the length of the tree is
PY
DO U A
= 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶
T
ED PR
= ℎ + 𝐴𝐶
10 20
= +
C
√3 √3
©
= 10√3
= 17.3
Page No 12.32:
Question 37: A balloon is connected to a meteorological ground station
by a cable of length 215 m inclined at 60° to the horizontal. Determine the
height of the balloon from the ground. Assume that there is no slack in the
cable.
ANSWER:
Let AB be the balloon of height h. And the balloon is connected to the
metrological ground station by a cable of length 215 m. Let AC = 215 and
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 60°
Here we have to find height of balloon.
We have the following corresponding figure
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
So we use trigonometric ratios

In a triangle ABC,
C
𝐴𝐵
©
⇒ sin 𝐶 =
𝐴𝐶
ℎ
⇒ sin 60° =
215
√3 ℎ
⇒ =
2 215
⇒ ℎ = 186
Hence the height of balloon is 186 m.
Page No 12.32:
Question 38: Two men on either side of the cliff 80 m high observes the
angles of a elevation of the top of the cliff to be 30° and 60° respectively.
Find the distance between the two men.
ANSWER:
Let AB and AD be the two men either side of cliff and height of cliff is 80
m.
And makes an angle of elevation, 30° and 60° respectively of the top of
the cliff
T IO S
We have given that AC = 80 m. Let BC = x and CD = y. And ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 =
I
NO A D
30°,∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 60°
CO N
A
Here we have to find height of cliff.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐵 =
𝐵𝐶
80
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥
1 80
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 80√3
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐶𝐷
80
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑦
80
⇒ √3 = 𝑦
80
⇒ 𝑦=
√3
80
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 80√3 +
√3
T IO S
320
I
⇒ 𝑥+𝑦=
√3
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 184.8
A
Hence the height of cliff is 184.8 m.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 12.32:
Question 39: Find the angle of elevation of the sum (sun's altitude) when
C
the length of the shadow of a vertical pole is equal to its height.

©
ANSWER:
Let 𝜃 be the angle of elevation of sun. Let AB be the vertical pole of
height ℎ and 𝐵𝐶 be the shadow of equal length ℎ.
Here we have to find angle of elevation of sun.
T IO S
So we use trigonometric ratios to find the required angle.
I
NO A D
In a triangle ABC,
CO N
A
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
PY
𝐵𝐶
DO U A
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
T
ℎ
ED PR
⇒ tan 𝜃 = 1
C
⇒ 𝜃 = 45°
©
Hence the angle of elevation of sun is 45°.
Page No 12.32:
Question 40: An Aeroplane is flying at a height of 210 m. Flying at this
height at some instant the angles of depression of two points in opposite
directions on both the banks of the river are 45º and 60º. Find the width
of the river. (Use √3 = 1.73) [CBSE 2015]
ANSWER:
T IO S
Let CD be the height of the Aeroplane above the river at some instant
and A and B be the two points on the opposite banks of the river.
I
NO A D
CO N
Height of the Aeroplane above the river, CD = 210 m
A
PY
DO U A
Now,
T
ED PR
∠CAD = ∠ADX = 60º (Alternate angles)

C
∠CBD = ∠BDY = 45º (Alternate angles)

©
In right ∆ACD,
𝐶𝐷
tan 60° =
𝐴𝐶
210
⇒ √3 =
𝐴𝐶
210
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = = 70√3 m
√3
In right ∆BCD,
𝐶𝐷
tan45° =
𝐵𝐶
210
⇒1=
𝐵𝐶
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 210 m
∴ Width of the river, AB = BC + AC

= 210 + 70√3
= 210 + 70 × 1.73
T IO S
= 210 + 121.1
I
NO A D = 331.1 m
CO N
A
Hence, the width of the river is 331.1 m.
PY
DO U A
T Page No 12.32:
ED PR
Question 41: The angle of elevation of the top of a chimney from the top
of a tower is 60º and the angle of depression of the foot of the chimney
C
from the top of the tower is 30º. If the height of the tower is 40 m, find the
©
height of the chimney. According to pollution control norms, the

minimum height of a smoke emitting chimney should be 100 m. State if
the height of the above mentioned chimney meets the pollution norms.
What value is discussed in this question? [CBSE 2014]
ANSWER:
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
Let AB be the tower and CD be the chimney.
PY
DO U A
T
Height of the tower, AB = 40 m
ED PR
Suppose the height of the chimney be h m.

C
©
Draw AE ⊥ CD.
Here, CE = AB = 40 m
DE = CD − CE = (h − 40) m
In right ∆AEC,
𝐶𝐸
tan30° =
𝐴𝐸
1 40
⇒ =
√3 𝐴𝐸
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 = 40√3 m
In right ∆AED,
𝐷𝐸
tan60° =
𝐴𝐸
ℎ−40
⇒ √3 =
40√3
⇒ ℎ − 40 = 40√3 × √3 = 120
T IO S
⇒ ℎ = 120 + 40 = 160 m
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Thus, the height of the chimney is 160 m.
PY
Clearly, the height of the chimney meets the pollution norms.
DO U A
T
We should follow the pollution control norms and contribute to the
ED PR
cleanliness of the environment.

C
©
Page No 12.32:
Question 42: Two ships are there in the sea on either side of a light house
in such a way that the ships and the light house are in the same straight
line. The angles of depression of two ships are observed from the top of
the light house are 60º and 45º respectively. If the height of the light house
is 200 m, find the distance between the two ships. (Use √3 = 1.73)
ANSWER:
Let CD be the light house and A and B be the positions of the two ships.
T IO S I
Height of the light house, CD = 200 m
NO A D
CO N
A
Now,
PY
DO U A
∠CAD = ∠ADX = 60º (Alternate angles)

T
ED PR
∠CBD = ∠BDY = 45º (Alternate angles)

C
In right ∆ACD,
©
CD
tan60° =
AC
200
⇒ √3 =
AC
200 200√3
⇒ AC = = m
√3 3
In right ∆BCD,
CD
tan45° =
BC
200
⇒1=
BC
⇒ BC = 200 m
∴ Distance between the two ships, AB = BC + AC

200√3
= 200 +
3
200×1.73
= 200 +
3
= 200 + 115.33
= 315.33 m (approx)
T IO S I
NO A D
Hence, the distance between the two ships is approximately 315.33 m.
CO N
A
PY
Page No 12.32:
DO U A
T
Question 43: The horizontal distance between two poles is 15 m. The
ED PR
angle of depression of the top of the first pole as seen from the top of the
second pole is 30°. If the height of the second pole is 24 m, find the height
C
of the first pole. (√3 = 1.732) [CBSE 2013]

©
ANSWER:
Let AB be the first pole and CD be the second pole.

Distance between the two poles, BD = 15 m
Height of the second pole, CD = 24 m
Suppose the height of the first pole be h m.
Draw AE ⊥ CD.
T IO S
∴ CE = CD − ED = (24 − h) m [AB = ED = h m]
I
NO A D
AE = BD = 15 m
CO N
A
PY
Now, ∠CAE = ∠ACF = 30º (Alternate angles)
DO U A
T
In right ∆ACE,
ED PR
CE
tan30° =
C
AE
©
1 24−h
⇒ =
√3 15
15
⇒ = 24 − h
√3
⇒ h = 24 − 5√3
⇒ h = 24 − 5 × 1.732 = 15.34 m
Hence, the height of the first pole is 15.34 m.
Page No 12.32:
Question 44: The angles of depression of two ships from the top of a light
house and on the same side of it are found to be 45° and 30° respectively.
If the ships are 200 m apart, find the height of the light house.
[CBSE 2012]
ANSWER:
T IO S I
NO A D
Let CD be the light house and A and B be the positions of the two ships.
CO N
A
AB = 200 m (Given)
PY
DO U A
Suppose CD = h m and BC = x m
T
ED PR
Now,
C
©
∠DAC = ∠ADE = 30º (Alternate angles)
∠DBC = ∠EDB = 45º (Alternate angles)
In right ∆BCD,
𝐶𝐷
tan45° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒1=
𝑥
⇒𝑥=ℎ ......(1)
In right ∆ACD,
CD
tan30° =
AC
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥+200
⇒ √3ℎ = 𝑥 + 200 ......(2)

From (1) and (2), we get
T IO S
√3ℎ = 200 + ℎ
I
NO A D
⇒ √3ℎ − ℎ = 200
CO N
A
⇒ (√3 − 1)ℎ = 200
PY
DO U A
200
⇒ℎ=
T
√3−1
ED PR
200(√3+1)
⇒ℎ=
(√3−1)(√3+1)
C
200(√3+1)
⇒ℎ= = 100(√3 + 1) m
©
2
Hence, the height of the light house is 100(√3 + 1) m.
Page No 12.32:
Question 45: The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points
at a distance of 4 m and 9 m from the base of the tower and in the same
straight line with it are complementary. Prove that the height of the tower
is 6m.
ANSWER:
Let AB be tower of height h m and angle of elevation of the top of tower
from two points are 𝜃 and 90° − 𝜃
Let, 𝐴𝐵 = ℎ m and 𝐴𝐶 = 4 m and 𝐴𝐷 = 9
T IO S
I
NO A D
In ∆ABC,
CO N
A
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
PY
𝐴𝐶
DO U A
ℎ
T
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
ED PR
Again in ∆ABD,
C
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan(90 − 𝜃 ) =
©
𝐴𝐷
9
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
4
ℎ 9
⇒ =
4 ℎ
⇒ ℎ=6
Hence the height of tower is 6 m.
Page No 12.32:
Question 46: From the top of a 50 m high tower, the angles of depression
of the top and bottom of a pole are observed to be 45° and 60°
respectively. Find the height of the pole.
ANSWER:
Let H be the height of pole, makes an angle of depression from top of
tower to top and bottom of poles are 45° and 60° respectively.
Let AB = H , CE = h, AD = x and DE = 50m. ∠𝐶𝐵𝐸 = 45° and ∠𝐷𝐴𝐸 =
60°.
Here we have to find height of pole.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
In ∆ADE
𝐷𝐸
⇒ tan 𝐴 =
𝐴𝐷
50
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑥
3000
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
50
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
Again in ∆BCE
𝐶𝐸
⇒ tan 𝐵 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒ 1=
𝑥
50
⇒ ℎ=
√3
⇒ ℎ = 28.87
Therefore, H = 50 – h
⇒ H = 50 – 28.87
⇒ H = 21.13
T IO S
Hence height of pole is 21.13 m.
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 12.32:
PY
DO U A
Question 47: The horizontal distance between two trees of different
T
heights is 60 m. The angle of depression of the top of the first tree when
ED PR
seen from the top of the second tree is 45°. If the height of the second tree
is 80 m, find the height of the first tree.
C
ANSWER:
©
Let the difference between two trees be DE = 60 m and angle of

depression of the first tree from the top to the top of the second tree is
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 45°.
Let BE = H m, AC = h m, AD = 80m.
We have to find the height of the first tree
T IO S
In ∆ABC
I
NO A D
CO N
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐵 =
A
𝐵𝐶
PY
ℎ
⇒ tan 45° =
DO U A
60
T
ℎ
ED PR
⇒ 1=
60
⇒ ℎ = 60
C
Since H = 80 – h
©
⇒ H = 80 – 60
⇒ H = 20
Hence the height of first tree is 20 m.
Page No 12.32:
Question 48: A flag-staff stands on the top of a 5 m high tower. From a
point on the ground, the angle of elevation of the top of the flag-staff is
60° and from the same point, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower
is 45°. Find the height of the flag-staff.
ANSWER:
Let BC be the tower height of 5 m. flag height is h m and an angle of
elevation of top of tower is 45° and an angle of elevation of the top of flag
is 60°.
Let, AC = h m and BC = 5 m and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 60°, ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 45°
We have the corresponding angle as follows
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

In a triangle ∆BCD,
C
𝐵𝐶
©
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐵𝐷
5
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥=5
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
𝐵𝐷
5+ℎ
⇒ √3 = 5
⇒ ℎ = 5(√3 − 1)
⇒ ℎ = 3.66
Hence the height of flag is 3.66 m.
Page No 12.33:
Question 49: The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical
tower PQ from a point X on the ground is 60°. At a point Y, 40 m
vertically above X, the angle of elevation of the top is 45°. Calculate the
height of the tower.
ANSWER:
Let PQ be the tower of height H m and an angle of elevation of the top of
tower PQ from point X is 60°. Angle of elevation at 40 m vertical from
T IO S
point X is 45°.
I
NO A D
Let PQ = H m and SX = 40m. OX = x, ∠𝑃𝑆𝑇 = 45°,∠𝑃𝑋𝑄 = 60°.
CO N
A
Here we have to find height of tower.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
We use trigonometric ratios.

In ∆PST
ℎ
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥=ℎ
Again in ∆PXQ,
ℎ+40
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑥
ℎ+40
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
⇒ ℎ + 40 = √3ℎ
⇒ ℎ(√3 − 1) = 40
40
T IO S
⇒ ℎ=
√3−1
I
⇒ ℎ = 54.64
NO A D
CO N
Therefore, H = 54.64 + 40
A
PY
⇒ H = 94.64
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 12.33:
C
©
Question 50: An observed from the top of a 150 m tall light house, the
angles of depression of two ships approaching it are 30° and 45°. If one
ship is directly behind the other, find the distance between the two ships.
ANSWER:
Let be the light house of 150° m. and angle of depression of two ship
C and D are 30° and 45° respectively.
Let, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥, 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑦 and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 30°, ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 45°.
T IO S
In a triangle ABC,
I
𝐴𝐵
NO A D
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐵𝐶
CO N
A
150
⇒ 1=
𝑥
PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑥 = 150
T
ED PR

𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 30° =
C
𝐵𝐷
©
1 150
⇒ =
√3 𝑥+𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 15√3
⇒ 150 + 𝑦 = 150√3
⇒ 𝑦 = 150√3 − 150
⇒ 𝑦 = 150(√3 − 1)
⇒ 𝑦 = 150 × 0.732
Hence distance between the ships is 109.8 m.
Page No 12.33:
Question 51: The angles of elevation of the top of a rock from the top and
foot of a 100 m high tower are respectively 30° and 45°. Find the height
of the rock.
ANSWER:
Let AB be the height of Rock which is H m. and makes an angle of
elevations 45° and 30° respectively from the bottom and top of tower
whose height is 100 m.
T IO S
Let 𝐴𝐸 = ℎ m, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥 m and 𝐶𝐷 = 100. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 45°,∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = 30°
I
NO A D
We have to find the height of the rock
CO N
A
We have the corresponding figure as
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In ∆ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐵𝐶
100+ℎ
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 100 + ℎ
Again in ∆ADE
𝐴𝐸
⇒ tan 30° =
𝐷𝐸
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 100 + ℎ = √3ℎ
⇒ ℎ = 136.65
⇒ 𝐻 = 100 + 136.65
T IO S
⇒ 𝐻 = 236.65
I
NO A D
Hence the height of rock is 236.65 m.
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 12.33:
T
ED PR
Question 52: A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower of height 50

m. From the top of the tower, the angles of depression of two cars standing
on the highway are 30° and 60° respectively. What is the distance the two
C
cars and how far is each car from the tower?

©
ANSWER:
Let AB be the height of tower 50 m and angle of depression from the top
of tower are 60° and 30° respectively at two observing Car C and D.
Let 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑥 m, 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑦 m and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 30°,∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 60°
In a triangle ABD,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐷
50
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥
1 50
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 = 50√3
I
Since 𝑥 = 86.6
NO A D
CO N
Again in a triangle ABC
A
𝐴𝐵
PY
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
DO U A
𝐵𝐶
T 50
⇒ tan 60° =
ED PR
𝑥−𝑦
50
⇒ √3 = 𝑥−𝑦
C
©
⇒ √3 × 50 √3 − √3𝑦 = 50
⇒ 𝑦 = 57.67
Therefore, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 86.6 − 57.67
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 28.93
Hence the distance of first car from tower is 86.6 m
And the distance of second car from tower is 57.67 m
And the distance between cars is 28.93 m.
Page No 12.33:
Question 53: From the top of a building AB, 60 m high, the angles of
depression of the top and bottom of a vertical lamp post CD are observed
to be 30° and 60° respectively. Find
(i) the horizontal distance between AB and CD
(ii) the height of the lamp post.
(iii) the difference between the heights of the building and the lamp post.
T IO S
ANSWER:
I
NO A D
Let AB be the building of height 60 and CD be the lamp post of height ℎ,
CO N
an angle of depression of the top and bottom of vertical lamp post are 30°
A
and 60° respectively. Let 𝐴𝐸 = ℎ, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑥 and 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐸𝐷. It is also
PY
DO U A
given 𝐴𝐵 = 60 m. Then 𝐵𝐸 = 60 − ℎ And ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 60°, ∠𝐵𝐷𝐸 = 30°
T
We have to find the following
ED PR
(i) The horizontal distance between AB and CD

C
(ii) The height of lamp post

©
(iii) The difference between the heights of building and the lamp post
(i) So we use trigonometric ratios.

In ∆ABC
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
𝐴𝐶
60
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
60
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
⇒ 𝑥 = 34.64
Hence the distance between AB and CD is 34.64
(ii) Again in ∆BDE
T IO S I
𝐵𝐸
⇒ tan 30° =
NO A D 𝐷𝐸
CO N
1 60−ℎ
A
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
PY
DO U A
60
⇒ = (60 − ℎ)√3
√3
T
ED PR
⇒ 60 = 180 − 3ℎ
⇒ 3ℎ = 180 − 60
C
©
⇒ 3ℎ = 120
⇒ ℎ = 40
Hence the height of lamp post is 40 m.
(iii) Since BE = 60 – h
⇒ 𝐵𝐸 = 60 − 40
⇒ 𝐵𝐸 = 20
Hence the difference between height of building and lamp post is 20 m.
Page No 12.33:
Question 54: Two boats approach a light house in mid-sea from opposite
directions. The angles of elevation of the top of the light house from two
boats are 30° and 45° respectively. If the distance between two boats is
100 m, find the height of the light house.
ANSWER:
Let ℎ be the height of light house 𝐵𝐷. Angle of elevation of the top of
light house from two boats are 30° and 45°. Let 𝐷𝐵 = ℎ, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥 and it
T IO S
is given that 𝐴𝐶 = 100 m. So 𝐴𝐵 = 100 − 𝑥. And ∠𝐷𝐴𝐵 =
I
30°,∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 45°
NO A D
CO N
A
Here we have to find height of light house.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In ∆BDC,
𝐵𝐷
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥=ℎ
Again in ∆DAB
𝐷𝐵
⇒ tan 30° =
𝐴𝐵
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 100−𝑥
⇒ √3ℎ = 100 − 𝑥
⇒ (√3 + 1)ℎ = 100
100 √3−1
⇒ ℎ= ×
√3+1 √3−1
T IO S
⇒ ℎ = 50(√3 − 1)
I
NO A D
Hence the height of light house is 50(√3 − 1) m.
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 12.33:
T
Question 55: The angle of elevation of the top of a hill at the foot of a
ED PR
tower is 60° and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the
foot of the hill is 30°. If the tower is 50 m high, what is the height of the
C
hill?
©
ANSWER:
Let ℎ be the height of hill 𝐴𝐵. And 𝐶𝐷 be the tower of height 50 m. Angle
of elevation of the top of hill from the foot of tower is 60° and angle of
elevation of top of tower from foot of hill is 30°. Let 𝐴𝐵 = ℎ and
∠𝐷𝐴𝐶 = 30°,∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 60°
Here we have to find height of hill.
In ∆ACD,
T IO S I
𝐶𝐷
⇒ tan 30° =
NO A D 𝐴𝐶
CO N
1 50
A
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑥 = 50√3
T
ED PR
Again in ∆ABC
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
C
𝐴𝐶
©
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
⇒ ℎ = 𝑥 √3
⇒ ℎ = 150
Hence the height of hill is 150 m.
Page No 12.33:
Question 56: A moving boat is observed from the top of a 150 m high
cliff moving away from the cliff. The angle of depression of the boat
changes from 60° to 45° in 2 minutes. Find the speed of the boat in m/h.
ANSWER:
Let the distance BC be x m and CD be y m.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
In ΔABC,
PY
AB 150
DO U A
tan60° = =
BC 𝑥
T
ED PR
150
⇒ √3 =
𝑥
150
⇒𝑥= m .....(1)
C
√3
©
In ΔABD,
AB 150
tan45° = =
BD 𝑥+𝑦
150
⇒1=
𝑥+𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 150
⇒ 𝑦 = 150 − 𝑥
Using (1), we get
150 150(√3−1)
⇒ 𝑦 = 150 − = m
√3 √3
2 1
Time taken to move from point C to point D is 2 min = ℎ= ℎ.
60 30
Now,
Distance 𝑦
Speed = = 1
Time
30
150(√3−1)
√3
= 1 = 1500√3(√3 − 1) m/h
30
T IO S
Page No 12.33:
I
NO A D
Question 57: From the top of a 120 m high tower, a man observes two
CO N
A
cars on the opposite sides of the tower and in straight line with the base
PY
of tower with angles of depression as 60° and 45°. Find the distance
DO U A
between the cars. (Take √3 = 1.732)
T
ED PR
ANSWER:
C
©
Let AB be the tower of height 120 m.

C and D be two cars which are at angle of depression 45º and 60º
respectively when observed from the top of the tower.
In △ADB,
AB
tan60° =
DB
120
⇒ √3 =
DB
120
⇒ DB = ......(1)
√3
In △ACB,
AB
tan45° =
BC
120
⇒1=
BC
⇒ BC = 120 ......(2)
Distance between the two cars will be
T IO S
120
DB + BC = + 120
I
√3
NO A D
⇒ DB + BC = 120 (
1
+ 1)
CO N
√3
A
1+√3
= 120 ( )
PY
DO U A
√3
T
2.732
= 120 × = 189.28 m
ED PR
1.732
C
Page No 12.33:
©
Question 58: Two points A and B are on the same side of a tower and in
the same straight line with its base. The angles of depression of these
points from the top of the tower are 60° and 45° respectively. If the height
of the tower is 15 m, then find the distance between the points.
ANSWER:
Let CD be the tower. A and B are the two points on the same side of the
tower.
T IO S I
In ΔDBC,
NO A D
CO N
𝐷𝐶
A
tan60° =
𝐵𝐶
PY
DO U A
15
⇒ √3 =
𝐵𝐶
T
ED PR
15
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 =
√3
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 5√3 m
C
©
In ΔDAC,
𝐷𝐶
tan45° =
𝐴𝐶
15
⇒ 1=
𝐴𝐶
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = 15 m
Now,
AC = AB + BC
∴ AB = AC − BC= 15 − 5√3 = 5(3 − √3) m
Hence, the distance between the two points A and B is 5(3 − √3) m.
Page No 12.33:
Question 59: A fire in a building B is reported on telephone to two fire
stations P and Q, 20 km a part from each other on a straight road. P
observes that the fire is at an angle of 60° to the road and Q observes that
it is at an angle of 45° to the road. Which station should send its team and
how much will this team have to travel?
ANSWER:
Let AB be the building of height h. P Observes that the fire is at an angle
T IO S
of 60° to the road and Q observes that the fire is at an angle of 45° to the
I
road.
NO A D
CO N
Let QA = x, AP = y. And ∠𝐵𝑃𝐴 = 60°, ∠𝐵𝑄𝐴 = 45°, given PQ = 20.
A
PY
Here, clearly ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 > ∠𝐴𝑄𝐵.
DO U A
⇒ ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 < ∠𝐴𝐵𝑄

T
ED PR
⇒ 𝐴𝑃 < 𝐴𝑄
So station P is near to the building. Hence station P must send its team.
C
©
We sketch the following figure

In ΔPAB
𝐴𝐵
tan P =
𝐴𝑃
ℎ
⇒ tan60° =
𝑦
ℎ
⇒ √3 =
𝑦
⇒ ℎ = √3𝑦
Again in ΔQAB,
𝐴𝐵
tan Q =
𝑄𝐴
ℎ
⇒ tan45° =
𝑥
T IO S
ℎ
⇒ 1=
𝑥
I
⇒
NO A D
𝑥=ℎ
CO N
A
Now,
PY
DO U A
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 20
T
ED PR
⇒ ℎ + 𝑦 = 20 [∵ 𝑥 = ℎ ]
⇒ √3𝑦 + 𝑦 = 20 [∵ ℎ = √3𝑦]
C
20
©
⇒ 𝑦= = 10(√3 − 1)
(√3+1)
Hence, the team from station P will have to travel 10(√3 − 1) km.
Page No 12.33:
Question 60: A man on the deck of a ship is 10 m above the water level.
He observes that the angle of elevation of the top of a cliff is 45° and the
angle of depression of the base is 30°. Calculate the distance of the cliff
from the ship and the height of the cliff.
ANSWER:
Let H be the height of the cliff CE. And a man is standing on the ships at
the height of 10 meter above from the water level. Let AB = 10, BC =
x, AD = BC, AB = DC, DE = h. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 30° and ∠𝐷𝐴𝐸 = 45°
We have to find H and x
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
In ΔABC,
𝐴𝐵
tan C =
𝐵𝐶
C
©
10
⇒ tan30° =
𝑥
1 10
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 10√3
Again in ΔDAE,
𝐷𝐸
tan A =
𝐴𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan45° =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥=ℎ
⇒ 𝑥 = 10√3
Therefore, H = h + 10
⇒ 𝐻 = 10√3 + 10
⇒ 𝐻 = 10(√3 + 1)
⇒ 𝐻 = 27.32
Hence the required distance is 10√3 m. and height is 27.32 m.
T IO S I
CO N
A
Question 61: A man standing on the deck of a ship, which is 8 m above
water level. He observes the angle of elevation of the top of a hill as 60°
PY
DO U A
and the angle of depression of the base of the hill as 30°. Calculate the
T
distance of the hill from the ship and the height of the hill.
ED PR
ANSWER:
C
Let H be height of hill CE and a man is standing on a ships at the height

©
of 8meter above from the water level. Let AB = 8, BC = x, AD = BC, AB

= DC, DE = h. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 30° , and ∠𝐷𝐴𝐸 = 60°
We have to find x and H
In ΔABC,
8
⇒ tan30° =
𝑥
1 8
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 8√3
Again in ΔDAE,
ℎ
⇒ tan60° =
T IO S
𝑥
I
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ ℎ = 𝑥 √3
PY
⇒ ℎ = 24
DO U A
T
Therefore, H = h + 8
ED PR
⇒ 𝐻 = 24 + 8
C
⇒ 𝐻 = 32
©
Hence the required distance is 8√3 m and height is 32 m.
Page No 12.34:
Question 62: There are two temples, one on each bank of a river, just
opposite to each other. One temple is 50 m high. From the top of this
temple, the angles of depression of the top and the foot of the other temple
are 30° and 60° respectively. Find the width of the river and the height of
the other temple.
ANSWER:
Let AB and CE are two temples each at the bank of river. The top of the
temple CE makes angle of depressions at the top and bottom of
tower AB are 30° and 60°
Let 𝐶𝐸 = 50 m and 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐻 m and ∠𝐶𝐵𝐸 = 60°, ∠𝐷𝐴𝐶 = 30°
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
In ∆ADE,
ℎ
⇒ tan30° =
C
𝑥
©
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = ℎ√3
Again in ∆BDE,
50
⇒ tan60° =
𝑥
50
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
⇒ 50 = √3 × ℎ√3
50
⇒ ℎ=
3
Now the distance between the temples

𝑥 = ℎ√3
50
= × √3
3
50
=
√3
50
Therefore, H = 50 −
3
⇒ 𝐻 = 33.33
T IO S
50
Hence distance between the temples is m = 28.83 m and height of
3
I
temple is 33.33 m.
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 12.34:
PY
DO U A
Question 63: The angle of elevation of an aeroplane from a point on the

T
ED PR
ground is 45°. After a flight of 15 seconds, the elevation changes to 30°.

If the aeroplane is flying at a height of 3000 metres, find the speed of the
aeroplane.
C
©
ANSWER:
Let angle of elevation of an aero plane is 45°. After 15 second angle of
elevation is change to 30°. Let DE be the height of aero plane which is
3000 meter above the ground. Let 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥, 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑦, ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 45° and
∠𝐸𝐴𝐷 = 30°. Here we have to find speed of aero plane.
In ∆ABC,
𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝐴 =
𝐴𝐵
3000
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑥
3000
⇒ 1=
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 3000
T IO S I
Again in ∆ADE
NO A D
CO N
𝐷𝐸
⇒ tan 𝐴 =
A
𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐷
PY
3000
⇒ tan 30° =
DO U A
𝑥+𝑦
T
1 3000
ED PR
⇒ =
√3 3000+𝑦
⇒ 3000 + 𝑦 = 3000√3
C
©
⇒ 𝑦 = 3000√3 − 3000
⇒ 𝑦 = 3000(√3 − 1)
⇒ 𝑦 = 2196
Since 15 sec = 2196
2196
⇒ sec = = 146.4
15
146.4×3600
=
1000
= 527.04
Hence the speed of aero plane is 527.04 km/h.
Page No 12.34:
Question 64: An aeroplane flying horizontally 1 km above the ground is
observed at an elevation of 60°. After 10 seconds, its elevation is observed
to be 30°. Find the speed of the aeroplane in km/hr.
ANSWER:
An aero plane is flying km above the ground making an angle of
elevation of aero plane 60°. After 10 seconds angle of elevation is
changed to 30°. Let 𝐶𝐸 = 𝑥, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑦, ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 = 30°, ∠𝐷𝐸𝐶 = 60°, 𝐴𝐵 =
T IO S
1 km and 𝐶𝐷 = 1 km. Here we have to find speed of aero plane.
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In ∆DCE,
1
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑥
1
⇒ √3 = 𝑥
1
⇒ 𝑥=
√3
Again in ∆ABE,
1
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥+𝑦
1 1
⇒ =
√3 𝑥+𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = √3
1
⇒ 𝑦 = √3 −
√3
2
⇒ 𝑦=
√3
distance
speed =
time
𝑦
=
10 sec
T IO S
2
√3
=
I
10
NO A D
60×60
CO N
= 415.68
A
PY
Hence the speed of aero plane is 415.68 km/h.
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 12.34:
Question 65: A tree standing on a horizontal plane is leaning towards
C
©
east. At two points situated at distances a and b exactly due west on it, the
angles of elevation of the top are respectively α and β. Prove that the
height of the top from the ground is
(𝑏−𝑎)tan α tan β
.
tan α −tan β
ANSWER:
Let OP be the tree and A, B be the two points such OA = a and OB =
b and angle of elevation to the tops are α and β respectively. Let OL =
x and PL = h
We have to prove the following
ℎ= (tan α −tan β)
T IO S
In ∆ALP,
I
⇒ NO A D
tan 𝛼 =
𝑃𝐿
CO N
𝑂𝐴+𝑂𝐿
A
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
PY
𝑎+𝑥
DO U A
1 ℎ
T
⇒ =
ED PR
cot 𝛼 𝑎+𝑥
⇒ ℎ cot 𝛼 = 𝑎 + 𝑥 …… (1)
C
Again in ∆BLP,
©
𝑃𝐿
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝑂𝐵+𝑂𝐿
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝑏+𝑥
1 ℎ
⇒ =
cot 𝛽 𝑏+𝑥
⇒ ℎ cot 𝛽 = 𝑏 + 𝑥 …… (2)
Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we get
⇒ ℎ cot 𝛽 = ℎ cot 𝛼 = 𝑏 − 𝑎
⇒ ℎ (cot 𝛽 − cot 𝛼 ) = 𝑏 − 𝑎
𝑏−𝑎
⇒ ℎ=
cot 𝛽−cot 𝛼
⇒ ℎ= (tan α −tan β)
Hence height of the top from ground is ℎ = (tan α −tan β)
.
Page No 12.34:
Question 66: The angle of elevation of a stationery cloud from a point
T IO S
2500 m above a lake is 15° and the angle of depression of its reflection in
I
the lake is 45°. What is the height of the cloud above the lake level? (Use
NO A D
CO N
tan 15° = 0.268)
A
ANSWER:
PY
DO U A
Let AB be the surface of lake and P be the point of observation such that
T
ED PR
𝐴𝑃 = 2500 m. Let C be the position of cloud and C be the reflection in

the lake. Then 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐶′𝐵
C
Let 𝑃𝑄 be the perpendicular from P on CB.

©
Let 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑥 m, 𝐶𝑄 = ℎ, 𝑄𝐵 = 2500m. then 𝐶𝐵 = ℎ + 2500

consequently 𝐶 ′ 𝐵 = ℎ + 2500 m. and ∠𝐶𝑃𝑄 = 15°, ∠𝑄𝑃𝐶′ = 45°.
Here we have to find height of cloud.
In ∆PCQ,
𝐶𝑄
⇒ tan 15° =
𝑃𝑄
ℎ
⇒ 2 − √3 =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒𝑥=
T IO S
2−√3
I
Again in ∆PQC’,
NO A D
CO N
𝑄𝐵+𝐵𝐶 ′
A
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑃𝑄
PY
DO U A
2500+ℎ+2500
⇒ 1=
𝑥
T
ED PR
⇒ 𝑥 = 5000 + ℎ
ℎ
⇒ = 5000 + ℎ
C
2−√3
©
⇒ ℎ = 2500(√3 − 1)
⇒ 𝐶𝐵 = 2500 + 2500(√3 − 1)
⇒ 𝐶𝐵 = 2500√3
Hence the height of cloud is 2500√3 m.
Page No 12.34:
Question 67: If the angle of elevation of a cloud from a point h metres
above a lake is a and the angle of depression of its reflection in the lake
be b, prove that the distance of the cloud from the point of observation is
2 ℎ sec α
tan β−tan α
ANSWER:
Let C′ be the image of cloud C. We have ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 𝛼, and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶′ = 𝛽.
Again let 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥 and 𝐴𝐶 be the distance of cloud from point of
observation.
We have to prove that
T IO S
2 ℎ sec α
I
𝐴𝐶 = (tan
NO A D β−tan α)
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

In ∆ABC,
𝐵𝐶
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
𝐴𝐵
𝑥
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
𝐴𝐵
Again in ∆ABC’
𝐵𝐶 ′
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝐴𝐵
𝑥+2ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝐴𝐵
Now,
𝑥+2ℎ 𝑥
⇒ tan 𝛽 − tan 𝛼 = −
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
2ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛽 − tan 𝛼 =
𝐴𝐵
T IO S
2ℎ
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 =
I
tan 𝛽−tan 𝛼
NO A D
Again in ∆ABC
CO N
A
𝐴𝐵
⇒ cos 𝛼 =
PY
𝐴𝐶
DO U A
𝐴𝐵
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 =
T
cos 𝛼
ED PR
2ℎ sec 𝛼
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = (tan
𝛽−tan 𝛼)
C
2ℎ sec 𝛼
©
Hence distance of cloud from points of observation is

tan 𝛽−tan 𝛼
Page No 12.34:
Question 68: From an aeroplane vertically above a straight horizontal
road, the angles of depression of two consecutive mile stones on opposite
sides of the aeroplane are observed to be α and β. Show that the height in
miles of aeroplane above the road is given by
tan α tan β
tan α+tan β
ANSWER:
Let ℎ be the height of aero plane 𝑃 above the road. And 𝐴 and 𝐵 be the
two consecutive milestone, then 𝐴𝐵 = 1 mile. We have ∠𝑃𝐴𝑄 = 𝛼 and
∠𝑃𝐵𝑄 = 𝛽.
tan α tan β
ℎ=
tan α+tan β
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
In ∆PAQ,
ED PR
𝑃𝑄
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
𝐴𝑄
C
©
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒ 𝑥=
tan 𝛼
⇒ 𝑥 = ℎ cot 𝛼
Again in ∆PBQ,
𝑃𝑄
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝐵𝑄
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝑦
ℎ
⇒ 𝑦=
tan 𝛽
⇒ 𝑦 = ℎ cot 𝛽
Now,
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = ℎ(cot 𝛼 + cot 𝛽)
1 1
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = ℎ ( + )
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
tan 𝛼+tan 𝛽
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = ℎ ( )
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
(since 𝐴𝐵 = 1)
T IO S
Therefore ℎ =
tan 𝛼+tan 𝛽
I
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
NO A D
Hence height of aero plane is
CO N
tan 𝛼+tan 𝛽
A
PY
DO U A
Page No 12.34:
T
ED PR
Question 69: PQ is a post of given height a, and AB is a tower at some

distance. If α and β are the angles of elevation of B, the top of the tower,
at P and Q respectively. Find the height of the tower and its distance from
C
the post.
©
ANSWER:
Let AB be the tower of height H and PQ is a given post of
height a, 𝛼and 𝛽 are angles of elevation of top of tower 𝐴𝐵 from P and Q.
Let PA = x.𝑃𝑄 = 𝑎 and BC = h.
T IO S I
In ∆QCB,
NO A D
CO N
A
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝑥
PY
DO U A
ℎ
⇒ 𝑥=
T tan 𝛽
ED PR
Again in ∆PAB,
ℎ+𝑎
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
C
𝑥
©
(ℎ+𝑎) tan 𝛽
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
ℎ
⇒ ℎ tan 𝛼 = (ℎ + 𝑎) tan 𝛽
⇒ ℎ(tan 𝛼 − tan 𝛽 ) = 𝑎 tan 𝛽
𝑎 tan 𝛽
⇒ ℎ=
tan 𝛼−tan 𝛽
Now
𝑎 tan 𝛽
⇒ 𝑥 = (tan
𝛼−tan 𝛽)×tan 𝛽
𝑎 tan 𝛽
⇒ 𝑥=
tan 𝛼−tan 𝛽
𝑎 tan 𝛽
⇒ 𝐻=𝑎+
tan 𝛼−tan 𝛽
𝑎 tan 𝛼
⇒ 𝐻=
tan 𝛼−tan 𝛽
𝑎 tan 𝛼 𝑎
Hence required height is . And distance is
tan 𝛼−tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼−tan 𝛽
Page No 12.34:
T IO S
Question 70: A ladder rests against a wall at an angle α to the horizontal.
I
Its foot is pulled away from the wall through a distance a, so that it slides
NO A D
a distance b down the wall making an angle β with the horizontal. Show
CO N
A
that
PY
DO U A
𝑎 cos α−cos β
=
𝑏
T
sin β−sin α
ED PR
ANSWER:
Let PQ be the ladder such that its top Q is on the wall OQ and bottom P is
C
on the ground. The ladder is pulled away from the wall through a distance
©
a, so that its top Q slides and takes position Q’. So PQ = P’Q’

∠𝑂𝑃𝑄 = 𝛼 And ∠𝑂𝑃′𝑄′ = 𝛽. Let 𝑃𝑄 = ℎ
=
𝑏 sin β−sin α

In ∆POQ
𝑂𝑄
⇒ sin 𝛼 =
𝑃𝑄
𝑏+𝑦
⇒ sin 𝛼 =
ℎ
And
𝑂𝑃
⇒ cos 𝛼 =
T IO S
𝑃𝑄
I
𝑥
⇒ cos 𝛼 =
NO A Dℎ
CO N
A
Again in ∆P’OQ’
PY
𝑂𝑄′
DO U A
⇒ sin 𝛽 =
𝑃′𝑄′
T
ED PR
𝑦
⇒ sin 𝛽 =
ℎ
And
C
©
𝑂𝑃′
⇒ cos 𝛽 =
𝑃′ 𝑄 ′
𝑎+𝑥
⇒ cos 𝛽 =
ℎ
Now,
𝑏+𝑦 𝑦
⇒ sin 𝛼 − sin 𝛽 = −
ℎ ℎ
𝑏
⇒ sin 𝛼 − sin 𝛽 =
ℎ
And
𝑎+𝑥 𝑥
⇒ cos 𝛼 − cos 𝛽 = −
ℎ ℎ
𝑎
⇒ cos 𝛼 − cos 𝛽 =
ℎ
So
sin 𝛼−sin 𝛽 𝑏
⇒ =
cos 𝛽−cos 𝛼 𝑎
𝑎 cos 𝛽−cos 𝛼
⇒ =
𝑏 sin 𝛼−sin 𝛽
⇒ =
Hence = .
T IO S I
CO N
A
Question 71: A tower subtends an angle α at a point A in the plane of its
PY
base and the angles of depression of the foot of the tower at a point b
DO U A
metres just above A is β. Prove that the height of the tower is b tan α cot
T
ED PR
β.
ANSWER:
C
Let h be the height of tower CD. The tower CD subtends an angle 𝑎 at a

©
point A. And the angle of depression of foot of tower at a point b meter

just above 𝐴 is 𝛽. Let 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑥 and ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 𝛽, ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 𝛼.
Here we have to prove height of tower is 𝑏 tan 𝛼 cot 𝛽

In ∆ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝐴𝐶
𝑏
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝑥
𝑏
⇒ 𝑥=
tan 𝛽
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑏 cot 𝛽
Again in ∆ACD
T IO S I
𝐶𝐷
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
NO A D 𝐴𝐶
CO N
ℎ
A
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
𝑥
PY
DO U A
⇒ ℎ = 𝑥 tan 𝛼
T
ED PR
⇒ ℎ = 𝑏 tan 𝛼 cot 𝛽
Hence the height of tower is 𝑏 tan 𝛼 cot 𝛽.
C
©
Page No 12.34:
Question 72: An observer, 1.5 m tall, is 28.5 m away from a tower 30 m
high. Determine the angle elevation of the top of the tower from his eye.
ANSWER:
Let BE be the observer of 1.5 m tall. And AD be the tower of height 30.
Here we have to find angle of elevation of the top of tower.
Let ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝜃
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
In ∆ABC,
PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐶
T
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
ED PR
𝐵𝐶
28.5
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
28.5
C
⇒ tan 𝜃 = 1
©
⇒ 𝜃 = 45°
Hence the required angle is 45°.
Page No 12.34:
Question 73: A carpenter makes stools for electricians with a square top
of side 0.5 m and at a height of 1.5 m above the ground. Also, each leg is
inclined at an angle of 60° to the ground. Find the length of each leg and
also the lengths of two steps to be put at equal distances.
ANSWER:
Let the length of stool, 𝐴𝐵 = 0.5 m, height 𝐴𝐶 = 1.5 m and its leg
inclined at an angle of 60° to the ground.
Let length of leg 𝐴𝐸 = ℎ m.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
We have to find length of leg, lengths of two steps equal in length.
PY
In ∆AEC, ∠𝐴𝐸𝐶 = 60°
DO U A
𝐴𝐶
T
sin 60° =
ED PR
𝐴𝐸
√3 1.5
⇒ =
2 ℎ
C
©
3
⇒ ℎ=
√3
⇒ ℎ = 1.732
In ΔAGH, ∠𝐴𝐺𝐻 = 60°and 𝐴𝐻 = 0.5 m
𝐴𝐻
tan 60° =
𝐺𝐻
0.5
⇒ √3 =
𝐺𝐻
0.5
⇒ 𝐺𝐻 =
√3
⇒ 𝐺𝐻 = 0.2886
Total length = 0.5 + (0.2886 × 2) = 1.1077m.
In ΔAPQ, ∠𝐴𝑃𝑄 = 60° and 𝐴𝑄 = 1 m
𝐴𝑄
tan 60° =
𝑃𝑄
1
⇒ √3 =
𝑃𝑄
1
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 =
√3
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = 0.577
Total lengths 0.5 + (0.577 × 2) = 1.654 m
T IO S
Hence the length of leg is 1.732 m.
I
And lengths of each step are 1.1077 m and 1.654 m.
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 12.35:
PY
DO U A
Question 74: A boy is standing on the ground and flying a kite with 100
T
ED PR
m of string at an elevation of 30°. Another boy is standing on the roof of

a 10 m high building and is flying his kite at an elevation of 45°. Both the
boys are on opposite sides of both the kites. Find the length of the string
C
that the second boy must have so that the two kites meet.
©
ANSWER:
Let AB be the string of string 𝑥 m. let DF be the ground and a boy flying
kite of 100 m string at an elevation of 30°and another boy flying kite of
10 m high building at an angle of elevation 45°.
Let, 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐻, 𝐴𝐶 = ℎ, 𝐶𝐸 = 10, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥 and 𝐴𝐹 = 100 m.

∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 45°, ∠𝐴𝐹𝐸 = 30°
Here we have to find length of string.
In ΔAFE,
𝐴𝐸
⇒ sin 30° =
𝐴𝐹
1 𝐻
⇒ =
2 100
T IO S
⇒ 𝐻 = 50
I
NO A D
⇒ ℎ = 𝐻 − 10
CO N
A
⇒ ℎ = 50 − 10
PY
DO U A
⇒ ℎ = 40
T
Again in ΔABC,
ED PR
𝐴𝐵
⇒ sin 45° =
𝐴𝐶
C
1 ℎ
©
⇒ =
√2 𝑥
1 40
⇒ =
√2 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 40√2
Hence the length of string is 40√2.
Page No 12.35:
Question 75: From the top of a light house, the angles of depression of
two ships on the opposite sides of it are observed to be α and β. If the
height of the light house be h metres and the line joining the ships passes
through the foot of the light house, show that the distance between the
ship is
h (tan α +tan β)
metres.
tan α +tan β
ANSWER:
Let ℎ be the height of light house 𝐴𝐶. And an angle of depression of the
top of light house from two ships are 𝛼 and 𝛽 respectively. Let 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥,
𝐶𝐷 = 𝑦. And ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝛼, ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 𝛽.
We have to find distance between the ships
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

C
©
In ∆ABC
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒ 𝑥=
tan 𝛼
Again in ∆ADC
𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛽 =
𝑦
ℎ
⇒ 𝑦=
tan 𝛽
Now,
⇒ 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
ℎ ℎ
⇒ 𝐵𝐷 = +
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
ℎ(tan 𝛼+tan 𝛽)
⇒ 𝐵𝐷 =
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
ℎ(tan 𝛼+tan 𝛽)
Hence the distance between ships is .
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
T IO S I
Page No 12.35:
NO A D
CO N
Question 76: From the top of the tower h metre high, the angles of
A
depression of two objects, which are in the line with the foot of the tower
PY
DO U A
are α and β (β > α). Find the distance between the two objects.
T
ED PR
ANSWER:
C
©
Let the two objects be at points C and D.

The angle of depression for the point C is β and for the point D is α.
In ∆ABC,
ℎ
tanβ =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 =
tanβ
In ∆ABD,
ℎ
tan 𝛼 =
𝐵𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛼 =
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝛼 = ℎ
+𝐶𝐷
tan 𝛽
ℎ ℎ
⇒ + 𝐶𝐷 =
tan 𝛽 tan 𝛼
ℎ ℎ
⇒ 𝐶𝐷 = −
tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
T IO S
1 1
I
⇒ 𝐶𝐷 = ℎ [ − ]
NO A D tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
CO N
⇒ 𝐶𝐷 = ℎ[cot 𝛼 − cot 𝛽 ]
A
PY
DO U A
T
Page No 12.35:
ED PR
Question 77: A window of a house is h metre above the ground. From the
window, the angles of elevation and depression of the top and bottom of
C
another house situated on the opposite side of the lane are found to
©
be α and β respectively. Prove that the height of the house is ℎ(1 +

tan α tan β) metres.
ANSWER:
DISCLAIMER: The question given in the book is incorrect. We are
proving the height of the house to be ℎ(1 + tanα cotβ)
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
Let the window be at point A.
To prove: BD = ℎ(1 + tanα cotβ)
PY
DO U A
In ∆ABC,
T
BC BC
ED PR
tan α = =
AC 𝑥
BC
⇒𝑥= . . . . . (i)
C
tan α
©
In ∆ACD,
𝐶𝐷 ℎ
tan 𝛽 = =
𝐴𝐶 𝑥
ℎ
⇒𝑥= . . . . . (ii)
tan 𝛽
From (i) and (ii)
ℎ
𝐵𝐶 tan α =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
ℎ tan α
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 =
tan 𝛽
Height of house = BC + CD
ℎ tan α
= +ℎ
tan 𝛽
tan α
= ℎ[ + 1]
tan 𝛽
= ℎ[tan 𝛼 cot 𝛽 + 1]
Page No 12.35:
Question 78: The lower window of a house is at a height of 2 m above
the ground and its upper window is 4 m vertically above the lower
window. At certain instant the angles of elevation of a balloon from these
T IO S
windows are observed to be 600 and 300 respectively. Find the height of
I
the balloon above the ground.
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Let the window G be 2 m above the ground.

Window A be 4 m above the window G.
Balloon be at point B above the ground.
In ∆ABC,
ℎ
tan 30° =
𝑥
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = ℎ√3 . . . . . (i)
In ∆BGD,
𝐵𝐷
tan 60° =
𝐺𝐷
ℎ+4
⇒ √3 =
𝑥
ℎ+4
⇒𝑥= . . . . . (ii)
√3
From (i) and (ii) we get,
T IO S
ℎ+4
ℎ√3 =
I
√3
NO A D
⇒ 3ℎ = ℎ + 4
CO N
A
⇒ 2ℎ = 4
PY
DO U A
⇒ℎ=2
T
Hence, the height of the ballon above the ground = 2 + 4 + 2 = 8 m
ED PR
C
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQs)

©
Page No 12.40:
Question 1: The height of a tower is 10 m. What is the length of its
shadow when Sun's altitude is 45°?
ANSWER:
Let BC be the length of shadow is x m
Given that: Height of tower is 10 meters and altitude of sun is 45°
T IO S
Here we have to find length of shadow.
I
NO A D
CO N
A
In a triangle ABC,
PY
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
DO U A
𝐵𝐶
T
𝐴𝐵
ED PR
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐴𝐶
10
⇒1=
C
𝑥
©
⇒ 𝑥 = 10
Hence the length of shadow is 10 m.
Page No 12.40:
Question 2: If the ratio of the height of a tower and the length of its
shadow is √3: 1, what is the angle of elevation of the Sun?
ANSWER:
Let be the angle of elevation of sun is 𝜃.
Given that: Height of tower is √3 meters and length of shadow is 1.
T IO S
I
In a triangle ABC,
NO A D
CO N
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
A
𝐵𝐶
PY
√3
DO U A
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
1
T
ED PR
⇒ tan 𝜃 = √3
⇒ 𝜃 = 60° [∵ tan 60° = √3]
C

©
Page No 12.40:
Question 3: What is the angle of elevation of the Sun when the length of
the shadow of a vertical pole is equal to its height?
ANSWER:
Let C be the angle of elevation of sun is 𝜃.
Given that: Height of pole is h meters and length of shadow is h meters.
T IO S
Because length of shadow is equal to the height of pole.
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
In a triangle ABC,
T𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
ED PR
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
C
ℎ
©
⇒ tan 𝜃 = 1
⇒ 𝜃 = 45° [∵ tan 45° = 1]
Page No 12.40:
Question 4: From a point on the ground, 20 m away from the foot of a
vertical tower, the angle elevation of the top of the tower is 60°, What is
the height of the tower?
ANSWER:
Let AB be the height of tower is h meters.
Given that: angle of elevation is 60° and 𝐵𝐶 = 20 meters.
T IO S
I
NO A D
CO N
A
In a triangle ABC,
PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
T 𝐵𝐶
ED PR
ℎ
⇒ tan 60° =
20
C
ℎ
⇒ √3 =
20
©
⇒ ℎ = 20√3 [∵ tan 60° = √3]

Hence height of tower is 20√3.
Page No 12.40:
Question 5: If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two
points at a distance of 4 m and 9 m from the base of the tower in the
same straight line with it are complementary, find the height of the
tower.
ANSWER:
Let AC be the height of tower is ℎ meters.
T IO S I
NO A D
Given that: angle of elevation are ∠𝐵 = 90° − 𝜃 and ∠𝐷 = 𝜃 and also
CO N
𝐶𝐷 = 4 m and 𝐵𝐶 = 9 m.
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
In a triangle ADC,
ℎ
C
tan 𝜃 =
4
©
Again in a triangle ABC,

𝐴𝐶
⇒ tan(90° − 𝜃 ) =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ cot 𝜃 =
9
1 ℎ
⇒ =
tan 𝜃 9
ℎ
Put tan 𝜃 =
4
4 ℎ
⇒ =
ℎ 9
⇒ ℎ2 = 36
⇒ℎ=6
Hence height of tower is 6 meters.
Page No 12.40:
Question 6: In Fig. 12.58, what are the angles of depression from the
observing position O1 and O2 of the object at A?
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
In a triangle 𝑂1 𝐴𝐶,
⇒ ∠𝐴 = 180° − (90° + 60°)
C
©
⇒ ∠𝐴 = 180° − 150°
⇒ ∠𝐴 = 30°
We know that [∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°]
Again,
In a triangle 𝑂2 𝐴𝐵,
⇒ ∠𝑂2 = 180° − (90° + 45°)
⇒ ∠𝑂2 = 180° − 135°
⇒ ∠𝑂2 = 45°
Hence the required angles are 30°, 45°.
Page No 12.41:
Question 7: The tops of two towers of height x and y, standing on level
ground, subtend angles of 30º and 60º respectively at the centre of the line
joining their feet, then find x: y. [CBSE 2015]
ANSWER:
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Let AB and CD be the two towers and E be the mid-point of AC.

C
Height of the tower, AB = y

©
Height of the tower, CD = x
It is given that, ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 = 60° and ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 = 30°.
Also, AE = EC
In right ∆AEB,
AB
tan60° =
AE
𝑦
⇒ √3 =
𝐴𝐸
𝑦
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 =
√3
In right ∆CED,
𝐶𝐷
tan 30° =
𝐶𝐸
1 𝑥
⇒ =
√3 𝐶𝐸
⇒ 𝐶𝐸 = √3𝑥
Now, AE = CE
T IO S
𝑦
I
= √3𝑥
√3
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑦 = 3𝑥
A
PY
𝑥 1
⇒ =
DO U A
𝑦 3
T
ED PR
∴ 𝑥: 𝑦 = 1: 3
Hence, the ratio of 𝑥: 𝑦 is 1 : 3.
C
©
Page No 12.41:
Question 8: The angle of elevation of the top of a tower at a point on the
ground is 30º. What will be the angle of elevation, if the height of the
tower is tripled? [CBSE 2015]
ANSWER:
T IO S I
Let the height of the tower AB be h units.
NO A D
CO N
A
Suppose C is a point on the ground such that ∠ACB = 30°.
PY
DO U A
In right ∆ACB,
T
ED PR
AB
tan30° =
AC
C
1 h
⇒ =
©
√3 AC
⇒ AC = √3h . . . . . (1)
Let the angle of elevation of the top of the tower at C be θ, if the height
of the tower is tripled.
New height of the tower, AD = 3h units
In right ∆ACD,
AD
tan θ =
AC
3ℎ
⇒ tan θ =
AC
3ℎ
⇒ tan θ = = √3 [From (1)]
√3ℎ
⇒ tan θ = tan 60°

⇒ θ = 60°
Hence, the required angle of elevation is 60º.
Page No 12.41:
T IO S
Question 9: AB is a pole of height 6 m standing at a point B and CD is a
ladder inclined at angle of 600 to the horizontal and reaches upto a point
I
NO A D
D of pole. If AD = 2.54 m, find the length of the ladder.
CO N
A
(Use √3 = 1.733)
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
C
©
In the given figure,

AB = AD + DB = 6 m
Given: AD = 2.54 m
⇒ 2.54 m + DB = 6 m
⇒ DB = 3.46 m
Now, in the right triangle BCD,
BD
= sin 60°
CD
3.46 m √3
⇒ =
CD 2
3.46 m 1.73
⇒ =
CD 2
2×3.46 m
⇒ CD =
1.73
⇒ CD = 4 m
Thus, the length of the ladder CD is 4 m.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 12.41:
A
Question 10: An observer, 1.7 m tall, is 20√3 m away from a tower. The
PY
DO U A
angle of elevation from the eye of an observer to the top of tower is 30°.
T
Find the height of the tower.
ED PR
ANSWER:
C
Let AB be the height of the observer and EC be the height of the tower.
©
Given:
AB = 1.7 m ⇒ CD = 1.7 m
BC = 20√3 m
Let ED be h m.
In ∆ADE,
ED
tan 30° =
AD
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 20√3
⇒ ℎ = 20 m
∴ EC = ED + DC = (h + 1.7) m = 21.7 m
T IO S
Hence, the height of the tower is 21.7 m.
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 12.41:
PY
DO U A
Question 11: An observer, 1.5 m tall, is 28.5 m away from a 30 m high
T
tower. Determine the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the
ED PR
eye of the observer.

ANSWER:
C
©
Let AB = 1.5 m be the observer and CD = 30 m be the tower.

Let the angle of elevation of the top of the tower be αα.
CD = CE + ED
⇒ CD = CE + AB
⇒ 30 = CE + 1.5
⇒ CE = 30 − 1.5 = 28.5 m
In △CEB,
CE 28.5
tan α = =
BE 28.5
⇒ tan α = 1
T IO S
⇒ tan α = tan 45°
I
⇒ α = 45°
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
Page No 12.41:
Question 1: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:
The ratio of the length of a rod and its shadow is 1 : √3. The angle of
elevation of the sum is
(a) 30°
T IO S
(b) 45°
I
NO A D
(c) 60°
CO N
A
(d) 90°
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR
Let 𝜃 be angle of elevation of sun.

C
©
Given that: length of road 𝐴𝐵 = 1 and its shadow 𝐵𝐶 = √3

Here, we have to find angle of elevation of sun.
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
1
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
√3
1
⇒ 𝜃 = 30° [∵ tan 30° = ]
√3
Hence the correct option is 𝑎.
T IO S
Page No 12.41:
I
Question 2: If the angle of elevation of a tower from a distance of 100
NO A D
metres from its foot is 60°, then the height of the tower is
CO N
A
(a) 100√3 m
PY
DO U A
100
T
(b) m
ED PR
√3
(c) 50√3
C
©
200
(d) m
√3
ANSWER:
Let AB be the height of tower is ℎ meters
T IO S
Given that: angle of elevation is 60° from tower of foot and
I
distance 𝐵𝐶 = 100 meters.
NO A D
CO N
A
Here, we have to find the height of tower.
PY
DO U A
T
In a triangle ABC,
ED PR
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
C
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
©
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 100
⇒ ℎ = 100√3
Hence correct option is 𝑎.
Page No 12.41:
Question 3: If the altitude of the sum is at 60°, then the height of the
vertical tower that will cast a shadow of length 30 m is
(a) 30√3 m
(b) 15 m
30
(c) m
√3
(d) 15√2 m
ANSWER:
Let ℎ be the height of vertical tower AB
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Given that: altitude of sun is 60° and shadow of length 𝐵𝐶 = 30 meters.

In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ √3 = 30
⇒ ℎ = 30√3
Page No 12.41:
Question 4: If the angles of elevation of a tower from two points distant
𝑎 and 𝑏 (𝑎 > 𝑏) from its foot and in the same straight line from it are 30°
and 60°, then the height of the tower is
(a) √𝑎 + 𝑏
T IO S I
(b) √𝑎𝑏
NO A D
CO N
A
(c) √𝑎 − 𝑏
PY
DO U A
T
𝑎
(d) √
ED PR
ANSWER:
C
Let ℎ be the height of tower 𝐴𝐵

©
Given that: angle of elevation are ∠𝐶 = 60° and ∠𝐷 = 30°.

Distance 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑏and 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑎
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 60° =
T IO S
𝑏
I
NO A D 𝐴𝐵
CO N
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
A
𝐵𝐷
ℎ
PY
⇒ tan 30° =
DO U A
𝑎
T
ℎ
ED PR
⇒ tan(90° − 60°) =
𝑎
ℎ
⇒ cot 60° =
C
𝑎
©
1 ℎ
⇒ =
tan 60° 𝑎
𝑏 ℎ
⇒ =
ℎ 𝑎
⇒ ℎ2 = 𝑎𝑏
ℎ
⇒ ℎ = √𝑎𝑏 Put tan 60° =
𝑏
Hence the correct option is 𝑏.
Page No 12.41:
Question 5: If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points
distant 𝑎 and 𝑏 from the base and in the same straight line with it are
complementary, then the height of the tower is
(a) 𝑎𝑏
(b) √𝑎𝑏
𝑎
(c)
𝑏
T IO S I
𝑎
(d) √
NO A D
𝑏
CO N
A
ANSWER:
PY
DO U A
Let ℎ be the height of tower 𝐴𝐵 .
T
ED PR
C
©
Given that: angle of elevation of top of the tower are ∠𝐷 = 𝜃 and ∠𝐶 =

90° − 𝜃.
Distance 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑏 and 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑎
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan(90° − 𝜃 ) =
𝑏
ℎ
⇒ cot 𝜃 =
𝑏

𝐴𝐵
T IO S
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐷
I
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
NO A D 𝑎
CO N
A
1 ℎ
⇒ =
cot 𝜃 𝑎
PY
DO U A
𝑏 ℎ
⇒ =
T
ℎ 𝑎
ED PR
⇒ ℎ2 = 𝑎𝑏
⇒ ℎ = √𝑎𝑏
C
©
ℎ
Put cot 𝜃 =
𝑏
Page No 12.42:
Question 6: From a light house the angles of depression of two ships on
opposite sides of the light house are observed to be 30° and 45°. If the
height of the light house is h metres, the distance between the ships is
(a) (√3 + 1) h metres
(b) (√3 − 1) h metres

(c) √3 h metres
1
(d) 1 + (1 + ) h metres
√3
ANSWER:
Let the height of the light house AB be ℎ meters
Given that: angle of depression of ship are ∠𝐶 = 30° and ∠𝐷 = 45°.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Distance of the ship C = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥 and distance of the ship D = 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑦

Here, we have to find distance between the ships.
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = √3ℎ
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑦
ℎ
⇒1=
𝑦
⇒𝑦=ℎ
T IO S
Now, distance between the ships = 𝑥 + 𝑦 = √3ℎ + ℎ = (√3 + 1)ℎ
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
Page No 12.42:
DO U A
T
Question 7: The angle of elevation of the top of a tower standing on a
ED PR
horizontal plane from a point A is α. After walking a distance d towards

the foot of the tower the angle of elevation is found to be β. The height of
C
the tower is
©
d
(a)
cot α+cot β
d
(b)
cot α−cot β
d
(c)
tan β−tan α
d
(d)
tan β+tan α
ANSWER:
The given information can be represented with the help of a diagram as
below.
T IO S
Here, CD = h is the height of the tower. Length of BC is taken as x.
I
In ΔACD,
NO A D
CO N
𝐶𝐷
A
tan 𝐴 =
𝐴𝐶
PY
DO U A
ℎ
tan α =
𝑑+𝑥
T
ED PR
ℎ = (𝑑 + 𝑥 )tan α …. (1)
In ΔBCD.
C
𝐶𝐷
©
tan 𝐵 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
tan β =
𝑥
𝑥 = ℎ cot β …. (2)
From (1) and (2),
ℎ = (𝑑 + ℎ cot β)tan α
ℎ = 𝑑 tan α + ℎ cot β tan α
ℎ(1 − cot β tan α) = 𝑑 tan α
𝑑 tan α 𝑑
ℎ = (1−cot =
β tan α) cot α−cot β

Page No 12.42:
Question 8: The tops of two poles of height 20 m and 14 m are connected
by a wire. If the wire makes an angle of 30° with horizontal, then the
length of the wire is
(a) 12 m
(b) 10 m
T IO S I
(c) 8 m
NO A D
CO N
A
(d) 6 m
PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
Let ℎ be the length of wire 𝐴𝐵 .
ED PR
C
©
Given that wire makes an angle ∠𝐵 = 30°

Now, 𝐴𝐶 = (20 − 14)cm = 6cm,
Here, we have to find length of wire.
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐶
⇒ sin 𝐵 =
𝐴𝐵
6
⇒ sin 30° =
ℎ
1 6
⇒ =
2 ℎ
⇒ ℎ = 12
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 12.42:
A
Question 9: From the top of a cliff 25 m high the angle of elevation of a
PY
DO U A
tower is found to be equal to the angle of depression of the foot of the
T
tower. The height of the tower is
ED PR
(a) 25 m
C
(b) 50 m
©
(c) 75 m
(d) 100 m
ANSWER:
Given that: height of cliff is 25 m and angle of elevation of the tower is
equal to angle of depression of foot of the tower that is 𝜃.
Now, the given situation can be represented as,
T IO S I
NO A D
Here, D is the top of cliff and BE is the tower.
CO N
A
Let CE = h, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥. Then, AB = DC= x
PY
Here, we have to find the height of the tower BE.
DO U A
T
So, we use trigonometric ratios.
ED PR
In a triangle ABD,
𝐴𝐷
C
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
𝐴𝐵
©
25
⇒ tan 𝜃 = … (1)
𝑥
Again in a triangle DCE,

𝐶𝐸
tan 𝜃 =
𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
𝑥
25 ℎ
⇒ = [Using (1)]
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ ℎ = 25
Thus, height of the tower = BE = BC + CE = (25 + 25) m = 50 m
Hence, the correct option is 𝑏.
Page No 12.42:
Question 10: The angles of depression of two ships from the top of a light
house are 45° and 30° towards east. If the ships are 100 m apart. the height
of the light house is
50
(a) m
√3+1
T IO S
50
(b) m
√3−1
I
NO A D
CO N
(c) 50 (√3 − 1) m
A
PY
DO U A
(d) 50 (√3 + 1) m
T
ED PR
ANSWER:
Let 𝐴𝐵 = ℎ be the light house.
C
The given situation can be represented as,

©
It is clear that ∠𝐶 = 45° and ∠𝐷 = 30°

Again, let 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥 and 𝐶𝐷 = 100 m is given.
Here, we have to find the height of light house.
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑥
ℎ
⇒1=
𝑥
⇒ℎ=𝑥
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
A
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷
ℎ
PY
⇒ tan 30° =
DO U A
𝑥+100
T
1 ℎ
ED PR
⇒ =
√3 𝑥+100
⇒ √3ℎ = 𝑥 + 100
C
©
Put 𝑥 = ℎ
⇒ √3ℎ = ℎ + 100
⇒ ℎ(√3 − 1) = 100
100
⇒ ℎ=
√3−1
100 √3+1
⇒ ℎ= ×
√3−1 √3+1
⇒ ℎ = 50(√3 + 1)
Hence the correct option is 𝑑.
Page No 12.42:
Question 11: If the angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 200 m above
a lake is 30° and the angle of depression of its reflection in the lake is 60°,
then the height of the cloud above the lake is
(a) 200 m
(b) 500 m
(c) 30 m
T IO S
(d) 400 m
I
NO A D
ANSWER:
CO N
A
Let AB be the surface of the lake and 𝑃 be the point of observation.
PY
So 𝐴𝑃 = 60 m.
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Here,𝐶 is the position of the cloud and 𝐶 ′ is the reflection in the lake.
Then 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐶 ′ 𝐵.
Let 𝑃𝑀be the perpendicular from 𝑃 on 𝐶𝐵. Then ∠𝐶𝑃𝑀 = 30° and
∠𝐶′𝑃𝑀 = 60°.
Let 𝐶𝑀 = ℎ, 𝑃𝑀 = 𝑥, then 𝐶𝐵 = ℎ + 200 and 𝐶 ′ 𝐵 = ℎ + 200
Here, we have to find the height of cloud.
In ∆CMP,
𝐶𝑀
⇒ tan 30° =
T IO S
𝑃𝑀
I
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3
NO A D𝑥
CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 = √3ℎ
PY
DO U A
Again in ∆PMC’,
T
𝐶 ′𝑀
ED PR
⇒ tan 60° =
𝑃𝑀
𝐶 ′ 𝐵+𝐵𝑀
⇒ √3 =
C
𝑃𝑀
©
ℎ+200+200
⇒ √3 =
𝑥
⇒ √3 = ℎ + 400
Put 𝑥 = √3ℎ
⇒ 3ℎ = ℎ + 400
⇒ 2ℎ = 400
⇒ ℎ = 200
Now,
⇒ 𝐶𝐵 = ℎ + 200
⇒ 𝐶𝐵 = 200 + 200
⇒ 𝐶𝐵 = 400
Hence the correct answer is 𝑑.
Page No 12.42:
Question 12: The height of a tower is 100 m. When the angle of elevation
of the sun changes from 30° to 45°, the shadow of the tower becomes x
metres less. The value of x is
T IO S
(a) 100 m
I
NO A D
CO N
(b) 100√3 m
A
PY
(c) 100(√3 − 1) m
DO U A
T
ED PR
100
(d) m
3
ANSWER:
C
©
Here, AB is the tower of height 100 meters.

When angle of elevation of sun changes from ∠𝐷 = 30° to ∠𝐶 = 45°,
𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥.
We assumed that 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑦
Here we have to find the value of 𝑥
In a triangle ABC,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐵𝐶
T IO S
100
⇒1=
I
𝑦
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑦 = 100
A
PY
DO U A
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
T
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷
ED PR
100
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑥+𝑦
C
1 100
⇒ =
©
√3 𝑥+𝑦
⇒ 100√3 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 Put 𝑥 = 100

Hence the correct option is 𝐶.
Page No 12.42:
Question 13: Two persons are a metres apart and the height of one is
double that of the other. If from the middle point of the line joining their
feet, an observer finds the angular elevation of their tops to be
complementary, then the height of the shorter post is
𝑎
(a)
4
𝑎
(b)
√2
(c) 𝑎√2
𝑎
(d)
2√2
ANSWER:
Let AB and CD be the two persons such that AB < CD.
T IO S
Then, let AB = h so that CD = 2h
I
NO A D
Now, the given information can be represented as,
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Here, E is the midpoint of BD.

We have to find height of the shorter person.
In triangle ECD,
𝐶𝐷
tan ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 =
𝐸𝐷
2ℎ
⇒ tan(90° − 𝜃 ) = 𝑎
(2)
4ℎ
⇒ cot 𝜃 = …. (1)
𝑎
Again in triangle ABE,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 =
𝐵𝐸
2ℎ
⇒ tan 𝜃 = 𝑎
(2)
1 2ℎ
⇒ =
cot 𝜃 𝑎
𝑎 2ℎ
⇒ =
4ℎ 𝑎
T IO S
⇒ 𝑎2 = 8ℎ2
I
⇒ℎ= NO A D𝑎
CO N
2√2
A
Hence the correct option is 𝑑.
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 12.42:
Question 14: The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point h metre above
C
a lake is θ. The angle of depression of its reflection in the lake is 45°. The
©
height of the cloud is

(a) h tan (45° + θ)
(b) h cot (45° − θ)
(c) h tan (45° − θ)
(d) h cot (45° + θ)

ANSWER:
Let 𝐴𝐵 be the surface of the lake and 𝑃 be the point of observation.
So 𝐴𝑃 = ℎ.
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
Here, 𝐶 is the position of the cloud and 𝐶 ′ is the reflection in the lake.
PY
Then 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐶 ′ 𝐵.
DO U A
T
Let 𝑃𝑀be the perpendicular from 𝑃 on 𝐶𝐵. Then ∠𝐶𝑃𝑀 = 𝜃 and
ED PR
∠𝐶′𝑃𝑀 = 45°.
Let 𝐶𝑀 = 𝑥, 𝑃𝑀 = 𝑦, then 𝐶𝐵 = 𝑥 + ℎ and 𝐶 ′ 𝐵 = 𝑥 + ℎ
C
©
Here, we have to find the height of cloud.

In ∆CMP,
𝐶𝑀
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
𝑃𝑀
𝑥
⇒ tan 𝜃 =
𝑦
𝑥
⇒𝑦= … (1)
tan 𝜃
Again in ∆PMC’,
𝐶 ′𝑀
⇒ tan 45° =
𝑃𝑀
𝐶 ′ 𝐵+𝐵𝑀
⇒1=
𝑃𝑀
𝑥+ℎ+ℎ
⇒1=
𝑦
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2ℎ
𝑥
⇒ = 𝑥 + 2ℎ [Using (1)]
tan 𝜃
𝑥−𝑥 tan 𝜃
⇒ = 2ℎ
tan 𝜃
T IO S
2ℎ tan 𝜃
⇒ 𝑥 = (1−tan
I
𝜃)
Now, NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ 𝐶𝐵 = ℎ + 𝑥
PY
DO U A
2ℎ tan 𝜃
⇒ 𝐶𝐵 = ℎ + (1−tan
T 𝜃)
ED PR
ℎ(1−tan 𝜃)+2ℎ tan 𝜃

⇒ 𝐶𝐵 = (1−tan 𝜃)
C
ℎ(1+tan 𝜃) tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵

⇒ 𝐶𝐵 = = ℎ tan(45° + 𝜃 ) [tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) = ]
©
(1−tan 𝜃) 1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
Hence the correct answer is 𝑎.
Page No 12.42:
Question 15: A tower subtends an angle of 30° at a point on the same
level as its foot. At a second point h metres above the first, the depression
of the foot of the tower is 60°. The height of the tower is
ℎ
(a) m
2
(b) √3ℎ m
ℎ
(c) m
3
ℎ
(d) m
√3
ANSWER:
Let AB be the tower and C is a point on the same level as its foot such
that ∠ACB = 30°
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
Here D is a point h m above the point C.

©
In ΔBCD,
𝐶𝐷
⇒ tan 𝐵 =
𝐶𝐵
ℎ
⇒ tan 60° =
𝐶𝐵
ℎ
⇒ √3 =
𝐶𝐵
ℎ
⇒ 𝐶𝐵 =
√3
Again in triangle ABC,

𝐴𝐷
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐶𝐵
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 30° = ℎ [Using (1)]
( )
√3
1 𝐴𝐵
⇒ = ℎ
√3 ( )
√3
ℎ
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 =
3
Hence the correct option is 𝑐.
T IO S I
CO N
A
Question 16: It is found that on walking x meters towards a chimney in a
PY
horizontal line through its base, the elevation of its top changes from 30°
DO U A
to 60°. The height of the chimney is

T
ED PR
(a) 3√2𝑥
C
(b) 2√3𝑥
©
√3
(c) 𝑥
2
2
(d) 𝑥
√3
ANSWER:
Let ℎ be the height of chimney 𝐴𝐵
T IO S I
Given that: angle of elevation changes from angle ∠𝐷 = 30° to ∠𝐶 =
60°. NO A D
CO N
A
Then Distance becomes 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥 and we assume 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑦
PY
DO U A
Here, we have to find the height of chimney.
T
ED PR

In a triangle ABC,
C
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
©
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 60° =
𝐵𝐶
ℎ
⇒ √3 =
𝑦
ℎ
⇒ 𝑦=
√3

𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑦+𝑥
1 ℎ
⇒ =
√3 𝑦+𝑥
⇒ √3ℎ = 𝑦 + 𝑥
ℎ ℎ
⇒ √3ℎ = +𝑥 [Put 𝑦 = ]
√3 √3
1
⇒ ℎ (√3 − )=𝑥
√3
𝑥
⇒ ℎ= 1
√3− 3
√
√3𝑥
⇒ ℎ=
T IO S
2
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 12.43:
PY
DO U A
Question 17: The length of the shadow of a tower standing on level
T
ground is found to be 2x metres longer when the sun's elevation is 30°
ED PR
than when it was 45°. The height of the tower in metres is

C
(a) (√3 + 1) 𝑥
©
(b) (√3 − 1) 𝑥
(c) 2√3𝑥
(d) 3√2𝑥
ANSWER:
Let ℎ be the height of tower 𝐴𝐵
Given that: angle of elevation of sun are ∠𝐷 = 30° and ∠𝐶 = 45°.
T IO S I
Then Distance 𝐶𝐷 = 2𝑥 and we assume 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑋
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
In a triangle ABC,
T
ED PR
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐶 =
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵
C
⇒ tan 45° =
𝐵𝐶
©
ℎ
⇒1=
𝑋
⇒𝑋=ℎ
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan 𝐷 =
𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐷
ℎ
⇒ tan 30° =
𝑋+2𝑥
1 ℎ
⇒ = [ 𝑋 = ℎ]
√3 𝑋+2𝑥
⇒ √3ℎ = ℎ + 2𝑥
⇒ ℎ(√3 − 1) = 2𝑥
2𝑥
⇒ ℎ=
√3−1
2𝑥 √3+1
⇒ ℎ= ×
√3−1 √3+1
⇒ ℎ = 𝑥(√3 + 1)
Page No 12.43:
T IO S I
Question 18: Two poles are 'a' metres apart and the height of one is
NO A D
double of the other. If from the middle point of the line joining their feet
CO N
A
an observer finds the angular elevations of their tops to be complementary,
then the height of the smaller is
PY
DO U A
(a) √2𝑎 metres

T
ED PR
𝑎
(b) metres
2√2
C
©
𝑎
(c) metres
√2
(d) 2a metres
ANSWER:
Let AB and CD be the two posts such that AB < CD.
Then, let AB = h so that CD = 2h
Now, the given information can be represented as,
T IO S
Here, E is the midpoint of BD.
I
We have to find height of the shorter post.
NO A D
CO N
A
In triangle ECD,
PY
DO U A
𝐶𝐷
T
tan ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 =
ED PR
𝐸𝐷
2ℎ
⇒ tan(90° − 𝜃 ) = 𝑎
(2)
C
4ℎ
©
⇒ cot 𝜃 = … (1)
𝑎
Again in triangle ABE,
𝐴𝐵
⇒ tan ∠𝐴𝐸𝐵 =
𝐵𝐸
ℎ
⇒ tan 𝜃 = 𝑎
(2)
1 2ℎ
⇒ =
cot 𝜃 𝑎
𝑎 2ℎ
⇒ =
4ℎ 𝑎
⇒ 𝑎2 = 8ℎ2
𝑎
⇒ℎ=
2√2
Page No 12.43:
Question 19: The tops of two poles of height 16 m and 10 m are
connected by a wire of length l metres. If the wire makes an angle of 30°
with the horizontal, then l =
T IO S
(a) 26
I
NO A D
CO N
(b) 16
A
PY
DO U A
(c) 12
T
ED PR
(d) 10
ANSWER:
C
Let AB and CD be the poles such that AB = 16 m and CD = 10 m.

©
The given information can be represented as
Here, AC is the length of wire which is .

Also, AE = AB − BE = 16 m − 10 m = 6 m
We have to find the length of wire .
In triangle ACE,
𝐴𝐸
sin 𝐶 =
𝐸𝐶
6
⇒ sin 30° =
𝑙
T IO S
1 6
⇒ =
I
2 𝑙
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑙 = 12
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Page No 12.43:
Question 20: If a 1.5 m tall girl stands at a distance of 3 m from a lamp-
C
post and casts a shadow of length 4.5 m on the ground, then the height of
©
the lamp-post is
(a) 1.5 m
(b) 2 m
(c) 2.5 m
(d) 2.8 m
ANSWER:
Let AB be the lamp post and CD =1.5 m be the girl.
The given information can be represented as
T IO S
Here, shadow of girl is DE = 4.5 m and BD = 3 m.
I
𝐶𝐷 1.5
In ΔCDE, tan 𝜃 = = … (1)
NO A D 𝐷𝐸 4.5
CO N
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
A
In ΔABE, tan 𝜃 = = = … (2)
𝐵𝐸 4.5+3 7.5
PY
DO U A
From (1) and (2)
T
1.5 𝐴𝐵
ED PR
=
4.5 7.5
1.5×7.5
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = = 2.5 m
C
4.5
©
Therefore, height of the lamp post is 2.5 m

Page No 12.43:
Question 21: The length of shadow of a tower on the plane ground
is √3 times the height of the tower. The angle of elevation of sun is
(a) 45° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 90° [CBSE 2012]
ANSWER:
Let the angle of elevation of the sun be θ.
T IO S I
NO A D
Suppose AB is the height of the tower and BC is the length of its
CO N
shadow.
A
It is given that, BC = √3 AB
PY
DO U A
In right ∆ABC,
AB
T
tanθ =
ED PR
BC
AB 1
⇒ tanθ = =
√3AB √3
C
⇒ tanθ = tan30°
©
⇒ θ = 30°
Thus, the angle of elevation of the sun is 30º.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.
Page No 12.43:
Question 22: The angle of depression of a car, standing on the ground,
from the top of a 75 m tower, is 30°. The distance of the car from the base
of the tower (in metres) is
(a) 25√3 (b) 50√3 (c) 75√3 (d) 150
[CBSE 2013]
ANSWER:
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
Suppose AB is the tower and C is the position of the car from the base of
PY
the tower.
DO U A
T
ED PR
It is given that, AB = 75 m
Now, ∠ACB = ∠CAD = 30° (Alternate angles)

C
©
In right ∆ABC,
AB
tan30° =
BC
1 75 m
⇒ =
√3 BC
⇒ BC = 75√3 m
Thus, the distance of the car from the base of the tower is 75√3 m.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Page No 12.43:
Question 23: A ladder 15 m long just reaches the top of a vertical wall. If
the ladder makes an angle of 60° with the wall, then the height of the wall
is
15√3 15
(a) 15√3 m (b) m (c) m (d) 15 m [CBSE 2013]
2 2
ANSWER:
T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
Suppose AB is the wall and AC is the ladder.

C
©
It is given that, AC = 15 m and ∠CAB = 60°.
In right ∆ABC,
AB
cos60° =
AC
1 AB
⇒ =
2 15
15
⇒ AB = m
2
15
Thus, the height of the wall is m.
2
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Page No 12.43:
Question 24: The angle of depression of a car parked on the road from
the top of a 150 m high tower is 30º. The distance of the car from the
tower (in metres) is
T IO S
(a) 50√3 (b) 150√3 (c) 150√2 (d) 75 [CBSE 2014]
I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Suppose AB is the tower and C is the position of the car from the base of
the tower.
It is given that, AB = 150 m
Now, ∠ACB = ∠CAD = 30° (Alternate angles)
In right ∆ABC,
AB
tan30° =
BC
1 150
⇒ =
√3 BC
⇒ BC = 150√3 m
Thus, the distance of the car from the tower is 150√3 m.
Page No 12.43:
T IO S
Question 25: The height of the vertical pole is √3 times the length of its
shadow on the ground, then angle of elevation of the sun at that time is
I
NO A D
CO N
(a) 30º (b) 60º (c) 45º (d) 75º [CBSE 2014]
A
PY
ANSWER:
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Let the angle of elevation of the sun be θ.
Suppose AB is the height of the pole and BC is the length of its shadow.
It is given that, AB = √3 BC
In right ∆ABC,
AB
tanθ =
BC
√3BC
⇒ tanθ = = √3
BC
⇒ tanθ = tan60°
⇒ θ = 60°
Thus, the angle of elevation of the sun is 60º.
T IO S
I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 12.43:
PY
DO U A
Question 26: The angle of elevation of the top of a tower at a point on the
T
ground 50 m away from the foot of the tower is 45º. Then the height of
ED PR
the tower (in metres) is

50 50
(a) 50√3 (b) 50 (c) (d) [CBSE 2014]
C
√2 √3
©
ANSWER:
Suppose AB is the tower and C is a point on the ground.
It is given that, BC = 50 m and ∠ACB = 45°.

In right ∆ABC,
AB
tan45° =
BC
AB
⇒ 1=
50
⇒ AB = 50 m
T IO S
Thus, the height of the tower is 50 m.
I
NO A D
CO N
A
PY
Page No 12.44:
DO U A
T
Question 27: A ladder makes an angle of 60º with the ground when placed
ED PR
against a wall. If the foot of the ladder is 2 m away from the wall, then the
length of the ladder (in metres) is
C
4
(a) (b) 4√3 (c) 2√2 (d) 4 [CBSE 2014]
©
√3
ANSWER:
Suppose AC is the ladder and BC is the distance of the foot of the ladder
from the wall.
It is given that, BC = 2 m and ∠ACB = 60°.
In right ∆ABC,
BC
cos60° =
AC
1 2
⇒ =
T IO S
2 AC
I
⇒ AC = 4 m
NO A D
CO N
Thus, the length of the ladder is 4 m.
A
PY
Hence, the correct answer is option D.
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

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Chapter 12

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CHAPTER – 12

HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES

Now we have to find height of tower AB, so we use trigonometrical ratios.

Now we have to find length of ladder.

Now we have to find the height of wall.

So we use trigonometrically ratios.

Let AC be the string of length h m and C be the point, makes an angle of

In a triangle ABC, given that height of kite is AB = 75 m and angle C =

Let the height of the wall be h meters.

So we use trigonometric ratios.

So we use trigonometric ratios.

Question 10: A person observed the angle of elevation of the top of a

Find the height of the tower.

Again in a triangle ADB,

In a triangle OAC, given that AB = 10+x and BC = x

Now we have to find height of tower.

Let AD = 100, CD = 𝑥, 𝐵𝐶 = ℎ and ∠𝐶𝐴𝐵 = 45°, ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 60°

Hence the maximum height is 50(3 + √3) m = 236.6 m. and distance

Let 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥, 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑦 and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 60°, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 45°

⇒ √3𝑦 = 150 …. (2)

Let h be height of tower and angle of elevation of foot of tower is 30°, on

We assume that BC = x and CD = 150 m.

Again in a triangle ABD,

Again in a triangle ABD,

So height of the tower is as follows:

top touches the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.

Now in triangle ABC

So the height of the tree is ℎ + 𝐴𝐶

Again, we have to find height of lamp post using trigonometric ratios.

⇒ 28.5 = 49.36√3 − √3𝑥

Question 23: The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is found

the height of the tower.

Hence the height of tower is 20(√3 − 1)m.

between the two buildings.

Let AD be the multistoried building of height h m. And angle of

Let AB be the T.V tower of height h m on a bank of river and D be the

point on the opposite of the river. An angle of elevation at top of tower is

Hence the height of tower is 7(√3 + 1)m.

between the two ships.

ships and angle of depression are 𝐴 = 30°and 𝐵 = 45°. Let 𝑂𝐶 =

Hence distance between two ships is 75(√3 − 1) m.

Again in a triangle ABD,

So we use trigonometric ratios.

Hence the width of river is 30(√3 + 1) m.

Let AB and CD be the two poles of equal height h m. O be the points

Again in a triangle AOB,

Question 33: A man sitting at a height of 20 m on a tall tree on a small

Again in a triangle ADC

So we use trigonometric ratios.

Hence the height of tower is 9.56 m.

So we use trigonometric ratios.

Again in a triangle ADB

Hence the height of tower is 𝑥(√3 − 1)m.

Here we have to find height of tree.

So we use trigonometric ratios.

Now in triangle ABC we have

So we use trigonometric ratios

So we use trigonometric ratios.

the length of the shadow of a vertical pole is equal to its height.

Hence the angle of elevation of sun is 45°.

∠CAD = ∠ADX = 60º (Alternate angles)

∠CBD = ∠BDY = 45º (Alternate angles)

∴ Width of the river, AB = BC + AC

height of the chimney. According to pollution control norms, the