Ex.No.

3
Date: SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE RESPONSE OF SERIES RLC CIRCUIT

AIM: To study the behaviour of the given RLC series circuit for the following conditions and to plot
the steady-state response.

(i) f < fr

(ii) f = fr

(iii)f > fr

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

LTspice software

THEORY & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

THEORY
The Series RLC circuit as shown in the above figure can be used as a series bandpass filter. In the
series RLC circuit, larger reactance determines the net reactance of the circuit.
Case i:
If XL > XC the circuit behaves like an inductive circuit and the current lags behind the supply voltage.
Case ii:
If XC > XL, the circuit behaves like a capacitive circuit and the circuit current leads the voltage when
The Sinusoidal Steady State Response of RLC circuit is plotted.

SERIES RESONANCE:
When a circuit is supplied with a voltage of fixed amplitude but varying frequencies, there is a
frequency at which the inductive and capacitive components of the circuit cancel each other out.
This frequency is called the resonant frequency (fr) point, and at this point, the circuit has maximum
current flow and minimum impedance.

1
𝑓𝑟 =
2𝜋√1 × 10−3 × 1 × 10−6

= 5032.9Hz
Given: R= 10 Ω, L= 1mH, C= 1 μF and Vm = 100 V, f = 50 Hz,
CALCULATIONS
 1. Calculation Inductive and Capacitive reactance
XL = ωL = 2 𝜋 fL
XC = (1/ωC) = (1/ 2 𝜋 fC)

2. Calculation of total Impedance

Case i: when f < fr then XC > XL
𝑍 = √(𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝐶 − 𝑋𝐿 )2

Case ii: when f = fr then XC = XL

Z=R

Case iii: when f > fr then XL > XC

𝑍 = √(𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2
3. Calculation of circuit current
𝑉
𝐼=
𝑧
4. Calculation of phase angle and circuit power factor
𝑋
∅ = tan−1 𝑅 pf = cos(∅)

Case frequency XL XC Z Im ∅ pf
Ω Ω Ω A degrees
f < fr f = 2000Hz 12.566 79.5775 67.7535 1.476 81.512 0.1476(lead)
f = fr f = 5032.9Hz 31.623 31.623 10 10 0 1 (unity)
f > fr f = 7000Hz 43.9823 22.7364 23.4817 4.26 65.01 0.422(lag)

PROCEDURE:
1. Open LTspice. Go to File -> New Schematic.
2. On the File Menu, click on Edit Component.
3. Place the voltage sources, resistor, inductor , capacitor and ground on to schematic and
make necessary connections as shown in the given Figure
4. As shown in the figures below, Right click on the voltage source V1 and click Advanced
option and then Select SINE (Voffset Vamp Freq Td Theta Phi Ncycles) and Set the values as
(DC offset = 0, Amplitude =100 and Freq as required ).
5. Right click on the resistor, inductor and capacitor and set the value as 10 Ω, 0.001 H and 1μF
respectively.
6. Set the required frequency and do the transient analysis with the stop time of 3m sec and
plot the supply voltage and resistor current
Case 1: set the input frequency = 2000 Hz
Case 2: set the input frequency =5032.9Hz
Case 3: set the input frequency =7000Hz

SAMPLE OUTPUT
Note: paste your outputs here.
OBSERVATION TABLE
Theoretical value Practical value
Case 1 Im
∅
Case 2 Im
∅
Case 3 Im
∅

RESULTS
Thus, a series RLC circuit has been designed and implemented in LTspice software, and the current
amplitude and phase angle were observed for all three cases and tabulated, which match the
theoretical values.