SCRIPT AND EXPLANATION

A BLISSFUL DAY TO EACH AND EVERYONE. I HOPE WE ARE AGAIN READY TO FILL OUR MINDS WITH
AMPLE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT OUR SUBJECT IN SPED 212 Psychology and Guidance of Exceptional
Children

SO FOR TODAY’S Objectives: WE SHALL BE ABLE TO:

1. Grasp the various fundamental counselling skills

2. Define the client-counsellor relationship
3. Understand the counsellor as a role model
4. State the counsellor’s needs
5. Differentiate Counsellor’s objectivity and subjectivity
6. Give the importance of emotional involvement in counselling
7. State some counsellor’s limits in practice

NOW TAKE A LOOK AT THIS…THE CLIENT- COUNSELLOR RELATIONSHIP

(Read as it is)

We have the term, Therapeutic Relationship in Counselling. The therapeutic relationship in

counselling is also known as the therapeutic alliance. The term is used to identify how counsellors and
clients connect with one another and build their relationship together. The importance of the
therapeutic relationship cannot be overlooked; it forms the foundation of all counselling work.

(Expalantion)… anyone kakadwa who could expound this? Well, kas Makita tayo fello teachers, we have
the so called Therapeutic Relationship. Dingamin nu mangngegan tayo tay word a therapeutic, kasla
adda positive meaning na right? And that should be, as a counsellor, there must be a good rapport
between you as the counsellor and your client. Then that is the time that you can build a positive
relationship…. And for you to be trusted by your client….

You as a counsellor must be … (Next slide).. a role model. Take a look at this.

THE COUNSELLOR AS THE ROLE MODEL

(Let someone read)

Carl Rogers outlined the factors necessary for developing the therapeutic alliance in 1957.
Rogers (1957) states that a counselor must be genuinely engaged in the therapeutic relationship, have
unconditional positive regard, feel empathy, and communicate these attitudes. The therapeutic alliance
is also described as the relational factor in counseling that includes goal consensus, collaboration of
counseling-related tasks, and emotional bonding (Meyers, 2014). The first impression and early
formation of the therapeutic alliance has been shown to be one of the most significant predictors of
psychotherapy success (Horvath, 2001).

(Explanation) Fellow teachers, take note of this, a counselor must be genuinely engaged in the
therapeutic relationship… nasken a pudno ti pannakilangen-langen mo ken client tapnu mafeel naka met
a pudno ka, and you must have an unconditional positive regard, feel empathy, and communicate
positively these attitudes.

(Next slide… Lets read)

This positive bond involves mutual trust, liking, respect, and caring and includes establishing
goals for therapy that both parties are equally committed to achieving. It creates a sense of shared
responsibility and investment in the process. Additionally, Hill and Knox (2001) explain that this
relationship evolves as a counselor uses appropriate techniques that intensify client engagement,
increase therapist influence, and thereby strengthen the alliance. Supportive and engaging procedures
allow the client to become more involved in the process.

(Explanation: ) THIS IS TRUE, TA NU ONCE A MAKITA NAKA A NASAYAAT KEN PAGUADAN, MAS MAMATI
KENKA KEN DAGITI ADVISE MO, SURUTEN NA. AY… TRUST ME FELLOW TEACHERS. KITAM, TAY UBING,
PATSEN NA TAY ADVISE NI MOTHER NA ATE MAKIT KITA NA NGA ISU TI MANGISUR SURO KANYANA,
AWAN SAAN TAY UBING… AGLALO KEN TEACHER NA… PERMI PATSEN NA ATA ISUNA TAY KASLA ROLE
MODEL NA. THAT IS A NATURAL RESPONSE OF A LEARNER AGLALON TI SUR SURUTEN NA KET
MANGIPAK PAKITA KANYANA TI NASAYAAT.

AND SPEAKING OF BEING A ROLE MODEL, THERE ARE ….

Characteristics of a Good Counselor

(Let SOMEONE READ)

There are six personal characteristics that are critical for good counselors and should be
improved upon continually. These include having good interpersonal skills and being trustworthy,
flexible, hopeful/optimistic, culturally sensitive, and self-aware.

1. Interpersonal skills

Counselors must be able to express themselves clearly and effectively. It is important not only to
be able to educate clients about therapeutic topics, but also to gauge the client’s understanding at any
given time. Being able to sense what clients are thinking and feeling and relate to them by showing
warmth, acceptance, and empathy are cornerstones of effective therapy. You can learn about and
improve interpersonal skills and empathy by downloading our Emotional Intelligence Exercises.

(EXPLANATION:) TI MAISA A COUNSELLOR, NASKEN NGA NALAING A MAKILANGEN-LANGEN TAY CLIENT.

THE COUNSELLOR KNOWS HOW TO EXTABLISH RAPPORT A KUNDA… NEXT LETS READ….

2. Can build Trust

According to Hill and Knox (2001), most people determine whether they can trust someone
within 50 milliseconds of meeting them. Counselors must be able to communicate verbally and
nonverbally that they are trustworthy.

Clients need to feel comfortable sharing private, confidential information and parts of
themselves that are often entirely unknown by others. Having faith in the quality of the relationship and
the confidentiality of what is disclosed leads to a deeper connection with the therapist.
EXPLANATION:) TI MAISA A COUNSELLOR, NASKEN A NAPUDNO WENNO GENUINE A KUNADA TAPNU
MAMATI KEN MARIKNA TAY CLIENT ISUNA AND IN THAT WAY, MADEVELOP TI TRUST… DINGAMIN TI
TRUST SAAN A DAGUS A MAGAIN, NU DIKET INEEARN YAN HABANG NAGKAKASALAMUHA KAYO RIGHT?
THAT SHOULD BE TAPNO ROLE MODEL KA KANYANA… NEXT…

3. Flexibility

A good counselor will create a meaningful treatment plan that is individualized for each client.
This means the counselor shouldn’t follow a rigid schedule of treatment or have a “one size fits all”
approach. Prochaska and Norcross (2001) found that some treatments are better than others for specific
types of disorders. Matching the treatment to the client’s stage of readiness is the most effective way to
implement therapeutic techniques. Additionally, counselors need to be able to adapt and change course
if treatment is not working for the client.

EXPLANATION:) TI MAISA A COUNSELLOR, SHE MUST KNOW HOW TO ADJUST THINGS NAG TAY AWAN
MAICOMPROMISED. AND IT SAYS HERE, MATCHING THE TREATMENT TO THE CLIENT’S STAGE OF
READINESS IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO IMPLEMENT THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES. ADDITIONALLY,
COUNSELORS NEED TO BE ABLE TO ADAPT AND CHANGE COURSE IF TREATMENT IS NOT WORKING FOR
THE CLIENT. NASKEN NGA AMMOM NU ANA TI MASAPOL A TALAGA TAY CLIENT MO.. NEXT LET’S
READ…

4. Hope and optimism

Hope is a wonderful motivator. Effective counselors can find a balance between realism and
hope. A good counselor will set realistic goals that engage the client and inspire a more optimistic
outlook. As attainable goals are reached, clients will develop a sense of resilience and confidence that
can help in all areas of life. These traits are why positive psychology is such an effective method of
improving emotional health.

(EXPLANATION:) PUDNO DETOY KAKADUA… TI MAISA A COUNSELLOR, NASKEN NGA ADDAAN TI

POSTIVE PERSPECTIVE TAPNO MAIBOOST NA TAY CONFIDENCE TAY CLIENT NA. DAPAT MANGALA TI
WAY NGA MAISERREK NA TI CONVERSATION DA TI POSITIVE AFFECTS DAGITOY A PANNUBOK TAY
CLIENT… NGA IN THE END, AWAN PANNUBOK A DI MALAPASAN BECAUSE EVERYTHING HAPPENS FOR A
BEAUTIFUL REASON… NEXT LET’S HAVE…

5. Multicultural sensitivity

The American Psychological Association recommends that therapists adapt treatment to a

client’s cultural values and show respect for differences, beliefs, and attitudes. When working with
clients, it is important to be educated and sensitive to issues of race, gender, ethnicity, sexual
orientation, religion, and cultural background.

(EXPLANATION:) THIS IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT ASPECT KAKADUA… NASKEN NGA TAY COUNSELOR KET,
NOT JUDGMENTAL AND UNDERSTANDING ISUNA… THIS WILL MAKE THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
THEM TAPNU MAIRWAR A NASAYAAT TAY CLIENT TAY SENITIMIENTO NA… WHATEVER THE CULTURE
THAT CLIENT HAS… AND NUMBER 6… LETS READ

6. Self-awareness

An effective counselor can separate personal issues from those of the client.
Countertransference is a phenomenon described by Freud where issues expressed by a client lead to an
emotional reaction of the therapist. When counselors can identify and manage responses to their own
issues, they will be less likely to react to them during sessions, and it will eliminate any detrimental
effects on therapy. Part of self-awareness is the ability to know how much information should be
disclosed to clients. This will vary on a case-by-case basis, but professional boundaries, personal insight,
and the ability to read others are integral parts of this.

(EXPLANATION:) YES THIS IS SO TRUE… AS A PROFESSIONAL COUNSELLOR, YOU MUST BE ABLE TO

KNOW YOUR STAND, PRIORITIES AND NU ANA TI TALAGA POSISTION MO AS THE COUNSELLOR. ITI
DAYTOY, YOU COULD EXECUTE YOUR JOB SMOOTHLY.

SO,, FELLOW TEACHERS, THROUGH THESE CHARRACTERISTICS, I WOULD SAY THAT YOU CAN BECOME A
ROLE MODEL

NOW… LETS HAVE THESE… ADDA KANU DAGITA MAKUN KUNA A…. (Next slide)

(Let’s read)

Counselor’s Needs:

Taking care of yourself as a counselor

Taking care of yourself as a counselor. Anyone who has flown on an airplane and listened to the
flight attendant before takeoff has been cautioned what to do in the event the oxygen masks fall from
the ceiling: Put on your own mask first before trying to help someone else. Counselor wellness experts
say that idea has mileage on the ground, too.

(EXPLANATION:) wen ah, tao met tay counsellor.. adda latta met pangangailangan na… dingamin. Saan
met a robot. Adda met feelings na… masapol a nga taripatuen na met ti bagi na emotionally, physically,
morally, intellectually,,, and other more aspects dingamin…

It says here (Read the slide as it is…)

Helping yourself first is a principle that applies directly to counseling, says Sandra Rankin, a
member of the American Counseling Association who runs a private practice in Austin, Texas. “If you’re
gasping for air, you can’t help other people,” says Rankin, who is also earning her doctorate in health
psychology from Walden University. “Counselors who neglect their own mental, physical and spiritual
self-care eventually run out of ’oxygen’ and cannot effectively help their clients because all of their
energy is going out to the clients and nothing is coming back in to replenish the counselors’ energy.”

Although most counselors are familiar with self-care — even preaching the concept religiously
to clients — many find it a challenge to put the concept into practice in their own lives. Wellness experts
say as life gets busy, counselors may tend to assume that they can, or even should, handle problems and
stress on their own. But, these experts caution, counselors who ignore their own needs will find their
outlook on the profession going quickly downhill.

“Wellness is one of the critical factors in being a healthy counselor,” says Stephanie Burns, an
adjunct professor of counseling at Heidelberg University in Tiffin, Ohio. “We are asked as professionals
to provide a tremendous amount of empathy to our clients. We often listen to very tragic and
emotionally difficult stories. We are offering this empathy to the client and offering a place to share
these stories, yet our profession is not meant to be a two-way street — the client is not there to provide
us empathy. So, somehow, when you do that work on a daily basis, you have to have an outlet to
receive things back. Otherwise, you end up depleting yourself and you don’t have anything more to
give.”

(EXPLANATION:) THESE ARE ALL SELF EXPLANATORY KAKADUA… TI BOTTOMLINE NA, THE COUNSELLOR
IS ALSO A HUMAN THAT NEEDS SELF CARE TO ACHIEVE POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING…

THAT IS WHY THEY ARE ALSO ATTENDING SEMINARS AND WORKSHOPS LIKE US TEACHERS FOR THEM
TO BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN AA POSITIVE DISPOSITION NO MATTER HOW HARD THEIR WORKS ARE.

NOW LETS MOVE TO THE NEXT SLIDE…. WE HAVE THIS SO CALLED….

COUNSELOR OBJECTIVITY/ SUBJECTIVITY

"The significance of the terms objectivity and subjectivity has been considered for three aspects
of counseling, the rapport between psychologist and client, the emotional reaction of the psychologist
to the client's behavior, and the presentation of values to the client.

(EXPLANATION:) KUNANA ADDA KANU TAY PAGIGING OBJECTIVE THINKING AND SUBJECTIVE
THINGKING NI COUNSELLOR…NOW.. LETS UNDERSTAND MORE OF THESE TERMS…

LETS READ THE FOLLOWING SLIDES:

SUBJECTIVITY AND OBJECTIVITY

There is a vast difference between the “subjective” and the “objective” as it relates to work in
psychotherapy. And yet, many folks haven’t really considered what the differences are and why we
need to pay attention. Let me first define my understanding of these terms as I use them here.

Objectivity or taking an objective position on something, means you are saying you can step
outside yourself and know something to be true. That’s the way it is out there in the real world. It’s
helpful to think of things objectively. That way, everyone can be clear about what we are observing and
everyone has the same information on which to make judgements.

(EXPLANATION:) OH KUNANA FELLOW TEACHERS, TI MAISA A COUNSELLOR TI PAGIGING OBJECTIVE NA

KET MAKATULONG NGAMIN MAS MAIBAGA NA TAY PUDNO A RASON NU APAI MAPASPASAMAK TI
KASTA TA CLIENT NA BASED ON FACTS.. KASI NGA OBJECTIVE AWAN TAY ADO A APLIGOY-LIGOY…

LETS READ THIS…

When you ask a friend to give you an objective opinion. You are asking for an opinion that is
outside your experience and, hopefully, outside your friend’s experience too.
 But, like many things in life, it ‘aint always that simple. Objectivity is something we like to agree
exists. When we are all in agreement, we can maintain that sense.

However, certainly when it comes to relationships and relational experience, objectivity

becomes harder and harder to get a hold of. In fact, I like to assume it doesn’t exist when it comes to
therapy. But if there’s no objectivity, what are we working with?

The simple answer is subjectivity, a sense of experience formed from within the parameters,
limitations, givens etc. of the observer. Hmmm, that’s not really simple sounding is it.

(EXPLANATION:) OH, BUT TAKE NOTE, ON THIS PART KUNANA… However, certainly when it comes to
relationships and relational experience, objectivity becomes harder and harder to get a hold of. NGAMIN
AS A COUNSELLOR, SAKBAY MO IBANAT TA MABALIN MO NGA ADVISE, MABALIN MET A DAANEM TI
MAS LIGHTER A WAY.. ISU SUMREK NI SUBJECTIVITY… LETS READ THESE…

Another way of looking at it is to declare and accept that we can’t truly understand something
beyond our own experience of it, our subjective experience. That experience is informed by our position
as we look upon the thing or event, our history, education, interest, politics. . .everything that makes up
what and who and where we are. Through that lens, we create a picture.

NOW… THERE IS THE QUESTION HERE…

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT IN COUNSELLING?

First of all, it encourages humility in the counsellor. If I remember that I am not the objective
observer, I am more inclined to listen to the client’s story with an open mind to that client’s experience.
That gives the client a chance to be heard in a more authentic way.

(EXPLANATION:) OH, NO MEDYO LESSER LANG TAY PAGIGING OBJECTIVE MO TAY CLIENT, MAS
NAGIGING EMPHATIC KA. MEANING MAS NAGIGING LISTENER KA ON THIS PART…

NEXT LETS READ THIS…

It prevents me from jumping to judgement and, even if I do judge, I am aware that my need to
do that comes from my own experience. I can then ask myself, well, what’s triggering judgement here?
I will turn to the client to help me understand and almost every time, I find out new things that help me
make sense of what’s going on.

(EXPLANATION:) OH, THIS IS TRUE, SELF EXPLANATORY NA TO… HINDI TAYO NAGIGING JUDGMENTAL SA
PINAGDADAANAN NG CLIENT…AND LETS READ THIS…

It helps me help clients to reconcile that which makes no sense to them. When a client
experiences a betrayal from someone who is close in relationship. That client so often assumes the fault
lies in either a dreadful flaw in the other or some nasty quality the client inhabits. Usually, neither of
these are true. The problem most often lies in two different subjective views colliding without knowing
or understanding each other.

An example:

Mother asks child to clean up room. Child is doing homework. Child doesn’t tell mother about
homework or how long it will take to complete it. Child makes choice to complete homework before
cleaning room. Mother thinks child is ignoring her and gets angry at child. Child thinks mother is crazy
because she is bugging child to clean room when homework is more important. Child calls mother
crazy. Mother calls child disrespectful and ungrateful. ..etc.

That example is a bit simplistic but it makes the point. Both people were operating from
different assumptions. Both thought the other was in touch with those assumptions. That example also
starts to demonstrate how the misalignment in subjectivity can lead to nastier problems as the conflict
continues (mom is crazy, child is disrespectful).

(EXPLANATION:) ALRIGHT, WITH THAT EXAMPLE, MAS NACLEAR UP PAN TAYO DINGAMIN? THAT IN
GIVING OUR ASSUMPTIONS, SOMETIMES, YOU MUST NOT ALWAYS BE OBJECTIVE BUT TRY ALSO TO
UNLEASH YOUR BEING SUBJECTIVE PARA MAFEEL MO TAY CLIENT… ANS SPEAKING OF FEELING THE
CLIENT…

WE HAVE THE NEXT SLIDE…

LETS READ…

EMOTIONAL INVOLVEMENT

Displaying empathy shows that you, as the counselor, are listening, understanding, and
experiencing what the client is sharing.

After all, building a complete appreciation of clients’ experiences, triggers, and behaviors is
essential to counseling. Recognizably sharing their feelings encourages them to dig deeper, strengthen
the therapeutic alliance, and boost the likelihood of a successful treatment outcome.

(EXPLANATION:) Definitely, WE MUST INVOLVE OUR EMPATHIC RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS OUR CLIENTS
TAPNU MAIKWA TAYO TAY RIKNA TAYO KANYANA. MAFEEL TAYO ISUNA…DIBA? KASANUM NGA MAITD
NGARUD TAY KASASAYAATAN NGA ADVISE NU SAAN MO ISUNA MARIKNA…

SO LETS READ THIS….

Defining Empathy in Counseling

“Providing a therapeutic relationship will always involve deep caring, respect and empathy for
the anxiety and suffering of another human being” (Cochran & Cochran, 2015, p. 17).

And yet, expressing empathy within a counseling session involves more than just words; the
counselor must communicate a deep understanding and display a personal connection with the client.

It requires more than providing solutions. Focusing too early on what you, as a counselor, can do
to address your clients’ problems may get in the way of sharing experiences and showing empathy. If
you find yourself searching for a solution as they talk, you may have strayed too far from empathizing
and listening (Cochran & Cochran, 2015).

Instead, the client’s emotional pain must be allowed and accepted, as only then will it change.
The relationship between counselor and client must be one of empathy, presence, and acceptance
(Greenberg, 2011).
 Why Is Empathy Important in Counseling?

Importance of empathyTherapeutic relationships formed during counseling guide clients to a

safe place where they can face, experience, and own their anxiety and upset.

And yet they need to experience empathy and acceptance to find the motivation and peace they
need to be empowered to make choices and take responsibility (Cochran & Cochran, 2015).

Indeed, that relationship “is seen as being curative in and of itself in that the therapist’s
empathy and acceptance promote breaking of the isolation, validation, strengthening of the self, and
self-acceptance” (Greenberg, 2011, p. 68).

(EXPLANATION:) WELL, THIS PART FELLOW TEACHERS, IT JUST TELLS US THAT WE SHOULD FEEL OUR
CLIENTS FOR THEM TO FEEL ALSO THAT THEY ARE UNDERSTOOD AND ACCEPTED. IN THIS WAY, WE
COULD GIVE THEM THE BEST ADVISE AND SURELY, THEY WILL TRUST AND FOLLOW YOU.

AND NOW LETS MOVE ON… WE HAVE ALSO THESE… COUNSELOR LIMITS IN PRACTICE

Lets read….

(Mam bale slef explanatory ngamin detoyen alisto da lang magets) then
mabalin mo agpasungbat tapnu agshare da met ideas tay listeners m…)
A Counsellor is a trained mental health professional who addresses clients’ emotional and
relationship issues and offers different types of assistance through talk therapy. However, in some cases,
a counsellor’s existing skills and knowledge may fall short while providing therapy to clients. That is
when the term “Limits of proficiency in counselling” comes in.

What does Limits of Proficiency in Counselling mean?

The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) has explained about the limits
of proficiency in counselling which is- “Occasionally, a client’s particular needs or issues exceed the
scope of a counsellor’s ability. Usually, in these cases, when a client needs additional counselling, that
counsellor may become a member of a treatment team rather than ending the relationship.”

Why is it Important to Work within the Limits of Proficiency in Counselling?

As a counsellor, it is important to work within your competence, whether you are a qualified
counsellor or a student counsellor. While counselling, if you feel like you lack the proper knowledge,
skills and experience to help a potential client, you should make an ethical referral.

If you do otherwise and continue counselling or end the sessions, your client might lose trust in
you and your therapy. This can result in more frustration which can adversely affect your client’s mental
health as well as your reputation.
 Female psychologist comforting her depressed male patient by placing her hand on his shoulder
in a counselling session.

What is the Ethical Framework in Counselling?

Ethical frameworks in counselling are a set of professional standards prepared for counsellors to
work out (and ensure) consistency in provision across the profession and achieve the highest standard
of counselling. They are documents that are periodically updated, learning from complaints and societal
changes.

Most of the professional counselling bodies have ethical frameworks that their members need
to abide by. Each of them has its own ethical framework. For example, the BACP’s Ethical Framework for
the Counselling Professions.

What are the Limitations of Counselling?

The counselling profession is such that it can create close ties between counsellors and clients.
However, as a counsellor, you should know your limitations to maintain your own emotional health and
strictly observe the ethical concerns of the field.

Counsellors have limitations in the following aspects:

Confidentiality

Confidentiality means keeping client’s issues private. In other words, whatever a client shares
with a counsellor, should not be exposed to anyone.

However, there are limitations to this rule. Under some circumstances, counsellors might need
to break confidentiality. For example, if a client is about to harm themselves or others, counsellors need
to violate confidentiality and issues (if there are any) and report to appropriate authorities.

Relationships

Counsellors are not supposed to pursue any relationship with clients or their friends or family
members. A client-counsellor’s relationship should be friendly yet a formal one.

Counsellors might attend certain events, such as weddings or graduation ceremonies, at a

client’s request or invitation. But, before attending these events, counsellors must be aware of any
potential negative outcomes due to these visits.

Counsellor Issues
 Counsellors should maintain professionalism so that they do not become emotionally involved
or angry when working with clients. Counsellors should also consider the impact of their own abuse
experiences when working with clients experiencing similar situations.

Boundaries to Consider in Counselling:

As a counsellor, you should be aware of the limitations you need to maintain with your clients.
Boundaries in counselling ensure trust towards the counsellor and clarifies the nature of a client-
counsellor relationship.

Physical Contact

Elderly patient expressing her gratitude by hugging her therapist. Some therapists might offer
hugs or other types of physical contact as part of their therapeutic relationship. Any form of physical
contact needs to be managed in a considered way, as well as the client should be made clear about the
therapeutic meaning.

Exchange of Gifts

Sometimes, clients may offer their counsellors gifts on a special occasion or at the end of
therapy. Counsellors who do not wish to receive gifts can keep a policy stating that they do not accept
gifts from their clients. The policy should be made clear from the outset of therapy to avoid unwanted
situations. Many organisations have policies regarding gifts, so it is important for counsellors to
familiarise themself with such policies.

Maintenance of Online Boundaries

In today’s era, almost everyone is on social media. That is why it is essential to maintain online
boundaries with your clients to protect the integrity of the therapeutic relationship. Otherwise, your
personal and professional online presence can impact the therapeutic relationship with your clients. It is
better to avoid accepting ‘friend’ requests from clients on social media and also following or searching
them online.

CLOSING:

SO THAT’S ALL FOR THIS SESSION FELLOW TEACHERS. THIS IS Mrs…_________________ your reporter
for this time. Thank you for your active participation!