THE DISCIPLINE

OF
COUNSELING
Lesson 2
THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should
be able to:
 develop a comprehensive definition of
counseling as an applied social sciences;
 describe the contexts involved, the goals
and scope in counseling;
 demonstrate how core values of
counseling can be infused in counseling
sessions.
Activity: Follow and answer the question
accordingly; (10mins.)
1. Think of a time in your life when you felt
you were in crisis.
2. What is the cause/s of that crisis?
3. Who did you approach during those
trying moments?
4. Did seeking help relieve you from the
crisis?
Discipline of Counseling
 Is a relationship characterized by the application
of one or more psychological theories and
recognized set of communication skills
appropriate to a client’s intimate concerns,
problems, or aspiration. These clients are
individuals or a group in a demoralized(lost of
confident) distressed (suffering of anxiety) or in
a negative state of mind about their situation or
context. Therefore, counseling can be for one
person or a group and may be delivered through
a number of methods such as through face-to-
face dialog, group work, telephone, email, or
These clients are individuals other written
Definition of Counseling
 Collins Dictionary of Sociology define counseling as “the
process of guiding a person during a stage of life when
reassessments or decisions have to be made about himself or
herself and his or her life course.”

 Their job is to provide advise or guidance in decision-making

in emotionally significant situations by helping clients
explore and understand their worlds and discover better ways
and well-informed choices in resolving an emotional or
interpersonal problem.

 Counseling is wide considered the HEART of the guidance

service in schools.
 Counseling also utilizes appraisal and
assessment to aid counseling by gathering
information about client through the use
of psychological test and non-
psychometric devices. Psychometrics is a
branch of psychology that deals with the
design, administration and interpretation
of quantitative test for the measurement of
psychological variables such as
intelligence, aptitude(natural talent),
interest, and personality traits.
Context and the Basic Concepts of
Counseling
Counseling is affected by the context and
the surrounding factors.
PEERS AS CONTEXT
 Friend’s attitudes, norms, and behaviors
have a strong influence on adolescents.
Many personal issues are often introduces
to the individual by their peers. Parents
can have much influence over their
adolescent children.
Neighborhood as Context
 The interactions between the family and its
neighborhood as immediate context are also
important to consider. A family functions within a
particular neighborhood. The behavioral problems
in this particular neighborhood require that families
work against crime and social isolation that may
impact them. This is much easier in countryside
communities where a community network of
parents, teachers, grandparents and civic leader
forms part of shared ethos(greek word that means
both disposition and character) refers to authority
and credibility.
• Culture as Context
 Culture provide meaning and coherence of
life of any orderly life such as community
or organization. Various sectors of
community families, peers and
neighborhood are all bound together by a
cultural context that influences them all as
individual members. Culture is the source of
norms, values, symbols and language which
provide the basis for the normal functioning
of an individual.
Counseling as Context
The National Institute of Health
recognizes counseling itself as a context.
Regardless of a therapeutic approach in
use, the counseling situation in itself is a
context. There is a deliberate specific
focus, a set of procedures, rules,
expectations, experiences, and a way of
monitoring progress and determining
results in any therapeutic approach.
From the counseling context, other success
factors such as client factors, counselor factor,
contextual factors, and process factors should
be managed well so as to contribute toward the
success of the engagement.
1. Client Factors
 The client factors are everything that a client
brings to be counseling context. He or she is
not a passive object receiving treatment in
the manner of a traditional doctor-patient
situation.
2. Counselor Factors
The personality, skills and personal
qualities of a counselor can
significantly impact the outcomes of
the counseling relationship. The
counselors personal style and
qualities can make the interventions
successful.
3. Contextual Factors
The context in which counseling takes
place can define the outcomes.
Counselors are therefore concerned with
the environment and atmosphere where
to conduct the sessions. There are ideal
contents and not ideal ones. For
example, physical noise and distance
trigger the feeling of emotional safety of
the client. A noisy place can be a
distraction that prevents healing.
4. Process factors. As counseling undertaking.
Vellemean present the following six stages, which
for him apply to all problem areas in the process of
counseling.
a. Developing Trust.
 This involves providing warmth, genuineness
and empathy.
b. Exploring problem areas
 This involves providing a clear and deep analysis
of what the problem is, where it comes from, its
triggers and why it may have developed.
C. Helping to set goals
This involves setting and managing goal
directed interventions.
d. Empowering into action
 This means fostering action to achieve set
goals
e. Helping to maintain change
 This mean providing support and other
techniques to enable the client to maintain
changes
f. Agreeing when to end the helping
relationship
This implies that assurances are there
that guarantee the process is being
directed by the client and toward
independence.
Goals and Scope Counseling
 Counseling is aimed to empowering a
client.
 The general goal is to lead an individual
client or group to self-emancipation in
relation to a felt problem.
 The scope of counseling is wide
 It involves application of some
psychological theories and recognized
communication skills.
 Concept Mapping:

What is Counseling?

Counseling
Activity: Situational Analysis
Identify if counseling is applicable in each
situation:
1. Cases of students suffering from physical
violence as a result of bullying in school.
2. Cases of students absenteeism
3. Choosing a career track in SHS
4. Students suicidal attempts in school
5. Cases of students with clinical
depression and self-mutilation behaviour.
Activity:
⮚ Make a concept map showing the persons they turn to
in times of troubles and uncertainties, and present it to
the class

YO
U

- What do you and the person to whom you go to do in trying

to solve your problem?
Principles of Counseling
1. Advice-
Counseling may involve advice-giving as
one of the several functions that counselors
perform. When this is done, the requirement
is that a counselor makes judgments about a
counselee’s problems and lays out options
for a course of action. Advice-giving has to
avoid breeding a relationship in which the
counselee feel inferior and emotionally
dependent on the counselor
2. Reassurance
counseling involve providing client with
reassurance which is a way of giving them
courage to face a problem or confidence
that they are pursuing a suitable course of
action.
3. Release of emotional tension
counseling provides client the
opportunity to get emotional release from
their pent-up frustrations and other personal
issues.
4. Clarified thinking
clarified thinking tends to take place while the
counselor and counselee are talking and
therefore become a logical emotional release.
5.Reorientation
Reorientation involves a changes in the client’s
emotional self through a change in basin goals
and aspirations.
6. Listening Skills
Listening attentively to client is the counselor’s
attempt to understand both the content of the
clients problem as they see it, and the emotions
they are experiencing related to the problem.
7. Respect
In all circumstances, client must be treated
with respect, no matter how particular,
strange, disturbed, weird, or utterly different
from the counselor.
8. Empathy and positive regard
Carl Rogers combine empathy and positive
regard as two principles that should go along
with respect and effective listening skills.
Empathy requires the counselor to listen and
understand the feelings and perspective of
the client and positive regard is an aspect of
respect.
9. Clarification, confrontation and
Interpretation
Clarification is an attempt by the
counselor to restate what the client is either
saying or feeling, so the client may learn
something or understand the issue better.
10. Transference and countertransference
When clients are helped to understand
transference reactions, they are empowered
to gain understanding of important aspect of
their emotional life.
Activity
“ Prinsipyo Mo, Isulat Mo”
Instructions:
1. In a piece of paper, students will write
their principle in life.
2. All papers will be collected and placed in
a box
3. Three papers will be picked from the box
4. Let the students read and discuss their
principle.
CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING
All counselors are expected to embrace these and similar set
of core values as essential and integral to their work. These
values are:

1. Respect for human dignity- This means that the counselor

must provide a client unconditional positive regard,
compassion, non-judgmental attitude, empathy, and trust.
2. Partnership. A counselor has to foster partnership with the
various discipline that come together to support an integrated
healing that encompasses various aspects such as the physical,
emotional, spiritual, and intellectual. These relationships
should be of integrity, sensitivity, and openness to ensure
health, healing, and growth of clients.
3.Autonomy-This entails respect for confidentiality and
trust in a relationship of counseling and ensuring a safe
environment that is needed for healing. It also means that
healing or any advice cannot be imposed on a client.
4. Responsible caring- This primarily means respecting the
potential of every human being to change and to continue
learning throughout his/her life, and especially in the
environment of counseling.
5. Personal integrity- Counselors must reflect personal
integrity, honesty, and truthfulness with clients.
6. Social justice.- This means accepting and respecting
the diversity of the clients, the diversity of individuals,
their cultures, languages, lifestyles, identifies,
ideologies, intellectual capacities, personalities, and
capabilities regardless of the presented issues.
Counselors Shall:
1. Act with care and respect for individual
and cultural different and the diversity of
human experience
2. Avoid doing harm in all their
professional work.
3. Respect the confidences with which they
are entrusted
4. Promote the safety and well-being of
individual, families and communities
5. Seek to increase the range of choices and
opportunities for client
6. Be honest and trustworthy in all their
professional relationships
7. Practice within the scope of their
competence
8. Treat colleagues and other professionals
with respect.
Seatwork
Name different life situations or life events
when a person might need to seek the help
of a professional counselor. List down as
many as you can within three minutes.