PRACTICE EXERCISE ON START - STOP LOGIC ( M1 )

1. Four concepts of start stop switches under the following conditions.

Start Switch Stop Switch
NO NC
NO NO
NC NC
NC NO
2. When start switch pressed, a motor and red lamp turns on. When the stop switch
Pressed, motor and red lamp turns off and a green lamp turns on and viseversa.
3. Make AND, OR, NOT Gates in ladder logic and prove it.
4. Design a ladder logic for the equation Y=A*B(bar) + A(bar)* B.
5. If push button 1, 2 and 3 are pressed, a lamp turns on. The lamp remains on even if the
push button 1 and 3 are released.
6. Make a start stop logic but lamp should stop only when three stop switches are pressed.
7. Two smoke detectors and two reset switches are placed in 2 different places with alarm.
Devise logic to switch ON and Reset the alarm from any of two locations.
8. When S1 turns on, M1 turns on. When S2 turns on, M1 turns off and M2 turns on. When
S3 turns on, M2 turns off and M3 turns on. When again S1 pressed, M3 turns off and M1
restarts.
9. When S1 pressed L1 off L2 & L3 on. When S2 pressed L2 off, L1 & L3 turn on. When S3
pressed, L3 turns off and L1 & L2 turn on.
10. When a tank is empty, two sensors S1 and S2 turn on, starting a motor (M1) and a solenoid
inlet valve (SV1). When the water level reaches above S1 it turns off, but motor to remain
on. When the water level reaches above S2, it turns off, switching off M1 and SV1 and
switching on SV2 outlet valve. Devise logic to in such way that even the water level comes
down S2, motor should not start. M1 starts only when water level reaches below S1.

11. Devise logic to turn on and off a lamp without hold on contacts.
12. Devise a toggle switch using only one push button.

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 TIMER

1. Properties of TON, TOF, RTO and their addressing.

2. Lamp 1 turns ON for 5 seconds and turns OFF, then lamp 2 turns on for 5 seconds and
turns OFF. Process repeat. (Make this logic Using 2 TON, then 1 TON and 1 TOF, then 2
TOF, then 2 RTO).
3. A lamp turns ON for 7.5 seconds and then turns OFF, then second lamp turns ON for 5.5
seconds and then turns OFF, process repeat. (Use any timers).
4. Make a traffic light, Red lamp ON for 15 seconds, then Yellow lamp ON for 5 seconds, then
Green lamp ON for 20 seconds. Process repeat (Use any timers).
5. When start switch turned ON, a lamp glow continuously, but when the same switch is
turned OFF, the same lamp blink ON and OFF.
6. A lamp turns ON when start switch pressed, if the same switch is pressed second time, it
turns OFF and remains OFF for 20 seconds. If start switch is pressed in between, lamp
should not turn ON. It turns ON only after 20 seconds.
7. A motor to run for 1 hour when a push button is pressed and released.
8. Select a timer with time base 0.01 second and run it for 15 seconds. What pre-set value
will be written for timer?
9. Select a timer with the time base of 0.01 second and pre-set as 10000. What will be its
runtime?
10. Make a logic to run a motor for 40000 seconds.
11. A water tank is connected with two discrete sensors S1 at bottom and S2 at middle. When
water level reaches at S2, the sensor turns OFF, but motor to continue running for 15
seconds to fill the tank.
12. A process control has three motors with its own start stop. When start switch pressed,
M1 turns ON. In case M1 trips, M2 turns ON automatically. In case M2 also trip, M3 turns
ON automatically, In case M3 also trip an alarm to turn ON Indicating “all motors failed”.
Operator to press reset switch to stop the alarm. (Motors should turn ON in sequence).
13. Make logic for run time recorder.
14. Sequential change over concept (first two chemicals are getting poured, mixed, shifted to
another tank, getting heated up, shifted to another tank where the chemical is heated up
by three heaters, then shifted to next tank. Such five process will fill the last tank. Consider
the time for each process in your own way.

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 PROCESS EXAMPLES ON COUNTERS
1. Properties and types of counters and their addressing.
2. After the count of 15, from a sensor, a paint spray machine is to run for 25
seconds.
3. A plant has production of 1,20,000 gear parts. Devise a ladder to count the
parts and set an alarm when the production has reached above mentioned
number.
4. When a loading machine loads 20 wooden blocks on the conveyor, then the
conveyor starts for 15 seconds. When it stops, a packaging machine start for
10 sec. Process restarts. After 10 successive restarts, the process stops
automatically.
5. When 50 items are loaded on conveyor, the loading machine is switched
OFF. Then conveyor motor M1 starts for 15 seconds to shift the items.
(Process restarts).
6. If 20 parts are loaded on conveyor, the conveyor motor starts for 10 seconds
to shift the parts from position A to position B. Then a paint spray machine
runs for 30 seconds. After painting again conveyor motor starts for 20
seconds to shift the items from position B to position C.
7. If start switch pressed a motor starts for 5 seconds and turns off; after such 3
successive restarts it turns off automatically. In case a reset switch pressed; it
restarts only after 15 seconds.
8. There is a parking place for 15 vehicles. When 15th vehicle goes in, then
indicate (parking full). If 1 vehicles move out, parking available indication
turns on.
9. Devise concept to use counter as a quantity recorders (ACC).
10.A 3 phase motor moves forward for 10 seconds, then same motor moves
Reverse for 20 seconds. Process repeat for 5 times and then stop. All process
repeat when reset switch is pressed.
11.Start a generator and connect load 1, 2 and 3 after interval of 10 seconds.
After 5 minutes of starting load 3 (shed) shut down load 1 and 2 for 15
seconds and restarts.
12.Why the counters has maximum present value 32767 to -32768.

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