OMN-TRA-SSR-OETC-Course Workbook 2days

©
(SSR-2 DAYS COURSE)

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CONTENTS
Course Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 4
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM SAFETY RULES ................................................................................... 5
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS & MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDS .................................................................. 6
RISK ASSESSMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 8
Risk Assessment – What Is It? ........................................................................................... 8
Risk Controls .............................................................................................................. 9
ELECTRICAL AUTHORIZATION ....................................................................................................... 9
Competent Person (CP) ................................................................................................. 9
Authorized Person (AP) ................................................................................................. 9
Control Person (CN) ..................................................................................................... 9
GENERAL PROVISIONS ................................................................................................................ 10
LOCK OUT TAG OUT ................................................................................................................... 12
Safety Padlocks: ......................................................................................................... 12
Key Safe: ................................................................................................................. 12
Danger Notice: .......................................................................................................... 13
Caution Notice: .......................................................................................................... 14
SAFETY DOCUMENTS.................................................................................................................. 15
Permit To Work (PTW): ................................................................................................ 17
Sanction For Test (SFT): ............................................................................................... 18
Limitation Of Access (LOA): ........................................................................................... 19
Record Of Inter-System Safety Precautions (RISSP): .............................................................. 20
Safety Clearance Certificate: ......................................................................................... 24
Safety De-Clearance Certificate: .................................................................................... 25
ELECTRICAL WORK ..................................................................................................................... 26
SWITCHES AND CONTROL SYSTEMS ............................................................................................ 28
PRECAUTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 32
TRANSMISSION TOWERS ............................................................................................................ 36
Live Line Washing .......................................................................................................... 38
WORK ON HIGH VOLTAGE APPARATUS ...................................................................................... 43
EARTHING .................................................................................................................................. 44
WORK ON SPECIFIC APPARATUS ................................................................................................. 47
THE LAST LINE OF DEFENCE (PPE) ............................................................................................... 52
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................. 54
Definitions & Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 54
Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

Author: ELECTRICAL Approval : TRAINING MANAGER
Section: ELECTRICAL Sub-Section: SSR
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Course Objectives
On completion of this course you will be able to:
• Develop appreciation of hazards associated with electricity, especially at higher voltages.
• Advise safe working practices when working with electrical systems and apparatuses associated with
System Safety Rules (SSR).
• Understand why there are SSRs.
• Understand how to follow these SSRs effectively under different working situations.
Objective: To provide you with the knowledge and understand of specific electrical risks and hazards.
To enable you to work safely and avoid danger in the workplace.
ELEMINATE INCIDENTS & ACCIDENTS AND WORK SAFELY ALWAYS
SSR - MANDATORY FOR EVERY TASK AT ALL TIMES

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INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
If SSR is used effectively, ELECTRICITY provides:

• Lighting • Arcing
• Blasting • Machines
• Computing • Water Conditioning
• Air conditioning • Traffic Controls
• Security and protection
If SSR is used irresponsibly, electricity provides:
Current Voltage
Personnel Burns Shock
Assets Fire Flash-Over
Electrical personnel are responsible for their own safety as well as the safety of others, including
customers. STOP un-safe actions

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS & MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDS
Direct Hazards to Personnel
Electrical Hazards can be avoided by:

1. Use low, safe level of voltage
2. Insulate and or enclose live parts
3. Prevent conducting parts from becoming live by:
• Earthing and automatic disconnection of supply
• Double insulation
• Separating supply from earth
• Limiting electrical energy
4. Proper maintenance

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Consequences occur when barriers are breached:
Direct effect:
• Death due to ventricular fibrillation.
Stop breathing (Asphyxiation).
SHOCK •
• Burn the body.
Indirect effect:
• Fall from height
• Severe or fatal burns

FLASHOVER • Fire
• Explosion
• Fire
HEAT • Property damage
• Burns
• Indirect Injury
EXPLOSION • Fatality of surrounding personnel
• Extensive property damage
Definitions
• Hazard: Anything that has a potential to harm a person or an equipment.
• Risk: A situation involving exposure to the chance of injury or loss.
• Danger: Risk of injury or death due to shock, burn, asphyxiation or other cause
• Dead: At ~/= Zero voltage, isolated from live system
• Live: Electrically Charged
• Earthed: Connected to the general mass of the earth – (All Phases)
Apparatus:
Equipment, Conductors
• HV - > 1000V
• LV - ≤ 1000V

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RISK ASSESSMENTS
Risk Assessment – What Is It?

A careful examination of what could cause harm to people, so that you can weigh up whether you have
taken enough precautions or should do more. The aim is to make sure that no one gets hurt or becomes ill.
Risk assessments are a legal requirement.
Who Should Carry Out Risk Assessments?
• Competent people with the knowledge and experience of the hazards being assessed
• Results must be backed by management for any actions required
• Team approach often produces best results – a mixture of workers (who interface with the hazards)
and supervisors of those workers
• Special hazards may require expert advisors.
The 5 steps of a risk assessment
Step 1 Look for the hazard [Potential to cause harm or damage]

Step 2 Decide who might be harmed [Who is at risk]
Step 3 Evaluate the risks arising from the hazard [Evaluating control measures]
Step 4 Record findings
Step 5 Review assessment
Risk Assessment Matrix

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Risk Controls
If the risk rating of the hazard is found to be LOW (Green Area), Implement core site SH&E (Safety, Health
& Environmental) management expectations and manage for continuous improvement.
If the risk rating of the hazard is found to be MODERATE (Blue Area), Implement risk reducing measures to
lower the risk into the green area.
If the risk rating of the hazard is found to be HIGH (Yellow Area), implement extensive risk reducing
measures to reduce the hazard risk to moderate or low.
If the risk rating of the hazard is found to be Extreme (Red Area), Stop activities and implement extensive
risk reducing measures to reduce risk to moderate or low.
ELECTRICAL AUTHORIZATION
AUTHORIZATION LEVEL DUTY
CP
Receive: PTW, LOA, SFT
(Competent Person)
AP Issue: PTW, LOA, SFT

(Authorized Person) Receive: PTW, LOA, SFT
CN Control & Coordinate all Electrical Systems in

(Control Person) his area
Issue = (Issue & CANCEL) Receive= (Accept & CLEAR)
Competent Person (CP)

A person who has sufficient technical knowledge and experience to recognise and avoid Danger and been
appointed in writing to carry out defined duties. These may include the receipt and clearance of specified
Safety Documents, in accordance with a Competency Certificate.
Authorized Person (AP)

A person who adequately trained and possessing technical knowledge, in addition to having the duties of a
Competent Person, these duties may include the operation of Equipment and the preparation, issue, and
cancellation of specified Safety Documents, in accordance with an Authorisation Certificate.
Control Person (CN)

A person who has been appointed to be responsible for the operational control and co-ordination of the
System and the control and co-ordination of safety activities necessary to achieve Safety from the System,
within and across defined boundaries.

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GENERAL PROVISIONS
• DUTIES: All concerned staff shall know the statutory requirements and safety rules. They shall be
aware of the treatment of electric shock.
• STATUTORY REGULATIONS: All laws of the Sultanate of Oman shall be complied with, including the
provisions of the sector law.
• SAFETY RULES: All safety rules shall be complied with as per company regulation, in addition to
statutory regulations.
• STANDARD FORMS: All standard forms must be adhered to and completed in association with
general operations.
• ISSUE OF SAFETY RULES: All concerned staff will be given a copy of the safety rules to be reviewed
and signed.
GENERAL PHILOSOPHY OF THE SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
The electrical and mechanical systems contain some characteristic dangers, but are carefully designed so
that when operated normally they are safe and all hazards are under control.
These System Safety Rules are based on a philosophy that persons must be protected from the inherent
system dangers, which is achieved by making those person “Safe from the System”
The System Safety Rules define procedures and responsibilities for achieving personal safety from the
inherent system dangers and to ensure safe and efficient operation of electrical Equipment. They may be
briefly summarised as follows:
1. Proper equipment identification and releasing the equipment concerned from Operational Service
for the planned work.
2. Establishing safe and controlled conditions for the work.
3. Formally authorising the start of both planned and emergency work.
4. Receiving the formal authority to start work, undertaking the work, supervising safety throughout
the work and clearing the authority when the work is either completed or terminated.
5. Cancelling the authority on completion of the work.
6. Restoring the System to normal Operational Service.
Dangerous Occurrences and Accidents
All dangerous occurrences and electrical accidents on the systems shall be immediately reported to the
Control Person who will immediately inform the HSE Department.

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Failure of Supply
A failure of supply from whatever cause, to or from any part of the high voltage systems, shall be
immediately reported to the Control Engineer.
During failures of supply, all apparatus, equipment and conductors shall be regarded as being LIVE until
isolated and PROVEN DEAD.
Admittance to Stations
No persons shall enter any Gridstation, switching station or any other operational area without a pass or
written authorization.
In the case of Parties, the person in charge shall have a pass.
Variation of Rules
In exceptional circumstances, these Safety Rules may be varied to such extent as may be authorized in
writing by Management or on his behalf by a person authorized by him in writing to do so.
Calibration of Equipment
Test Equipment: In common with most engineering equipment, wear and deterioration takes place in
testing equipment. In order to ensure that this does not affect the accuracy of measurement, it is necessary
from time to time to do calibration on them.
Before using any item of testing equipment, you must ensure that it has a valid calibration label.
Under no circumstances must the test equipment be used after this date.
Maintenance of Equipment
Overhead Beam Hoist
Thorough Inspection:
• Ensure the Lifting Beam, Frame or Spreader Bar has the Identification Number and Safe Working
Load clearly and legibly marked.
• Inspect the Lifting Beam, Frame or Spreader Bar for wear, deformation, distortion, and corrosion.
• Inspect welds for cracking.
• All pad eyes shall be subjected to non-destructive inspection at a period not exceeding 1 year.
Load Test (twice the SWL) for a minimum of 2 minutes.
Best practice requires the certification to be carried out on a bi-annual (6 months) basis & for mobile
crane (annual basis).

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LOCK OUT TAG OUT

Safety Padlocks:
• Must be of an APPROVED type.
• Locks must be used at ALL points of isolation.
Key Safe:
For secure retention of keys used to ‘lock out’ isolation devices
before issuing PTW, or SFT
For Isolation From Isolation

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Warning Signs:
(These give safety information) These are triangular yellow signs with black border and symbol as shown.
Danger Notice:
Approved to be Attached on LIVE APPARATUS calling attention to the DANGER of approaching or interfering
with such apparatus, e.g. A Live Transformer.
Mandatory Signs:
(These are must do signs) These are circular blue signs with a white symbol as shown below. They give
instruction which must be obeyed.

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Prohibition Signs:
(These are “must not do” signs) These are circular white signs with a red
border and Red Cross bar as shown in figure below. They indicate an
activity which must not be carried out.
Caution Notice:
Approved and Applied at all points of ISOLATION from which APPARATUS
can be made LIVE before issue of Electrical Safety Documents where it
shows warning against any interference.
Electrical Notices:
Attached to adjacent live apparatus when PTW or SFT is issued for an

apparatus to be worked on or tested.

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SAFETY DOCUMENTS
PTW (Permit To Work)
TO WORK ON H.V & Certain L.V DEAD, ISOLATED, TESTED, DISCHARGED & EARTHED EQUIPMENT
SFT (Sanction For Test)
TO TEST H.V EQUIPMENT
LOA (Limitation Of Access)
TO WORK NEAR OR ON LIVE EQUIPMENT

(Mandatory for Live Line Washing and Working, as well as work in Towers and Switch Yards)
All Electrical Safety Document forms are printed in book form and are pre-numbered.
3 copies are made:
• ORIGINAL: To the permit holder (CP).
• 1st COPY: To the Authorised Person (AP).
• 2nd COPY: To Grid Station.
• Cancelled or completed copies are archived for 3 years.
Electrical Safety Document Forms:
• Are printed in ink
• Full entries are made against all statements
• Print NONE if any statement is not complied with
• Strike Out if not applicable
• “Ditto” sign shall NOT be used
• Record the name of the CN
• Check that all entries are reproduced in all copies

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PTW SFT LOA

All these documents are:
• Issued at the work site.
• Not Transferable.
• Restricted to remain at site during the progress of work.
• Held by each of the work parties involved.
• Issued with the consent of the Control Person.
• Cancelled only with notification to the Control Person.
Scenario of Lost Electrical Safety Doc:
As you are the person who receive the permits, if you lost Safety Document during the progress of work:
Competent Person:
1. Immediately stop the work.
2. Take the working party out side the work site.
3. Inform Control Person and AP who issued Safety Document.
4. A special written clearance statement must be signed by him, formaly declaring when, where and
how the document has been lost.
Scenario of Lost Electrical Safety Doc:
As you are the person who issues the permits, if ESD lost during the progress of work:
AP ACTION:
1. Control Person will inform AP to issue a new Safety Document.
2. AP will issue Safety Document to Competent Person, the copy which remaining on book will be as a
reference to get details of work.
3. HSE Department will do investigation to know when, where and how the document has been lost.

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Permit To Work (PTW):

A form of signed declaration, ISSUED and CANCELLED only by the AP.
The PTW outlines to the Competent Person exactly what apparatus is made dead by isolating, discharging
and connecting to Primary Earth
• Received by Competent Person.
• Permission of Control Person is Required.

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Sanction For Test (SFT):

A signed declaration to outline apparatuses to be tested, along with related conditions
For testing of High Voltage Apparatus Primary Earth (May be removed and replaced by the recipient during
testing)
• Issued and cancelled by the ……….
• Received and cleared by the ……….
• Requires Permission of the ………

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Limitation Of Access (LOA):

A form issued by AP to the Competent Person.
Defining the limits and nature of work to be carried out.
In the vicinity of live apparatus.
LOA may be issued when PTW or SFT is not applicable.
Example: Live line Washing.

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Record Of Inter-System Safety Precautions (RISSP):
PURPOSE:
To establish procedure to identify the applicable controls governing Connected Party works inside OETC grid
stations to ensure safety of personnel and equipment, and to ensure that OETC are aware of all works being
carried out within OETC grid station boundaries.

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SCOPE:
Under the terms of the relevant Connection Agreements OETC System Safety Rules apply inside OETC grid
stations. This procedure defines the procedures controlling access to OETC grid stations; and safety
requirements for Connected Party works inside OETC grid stations which require switching or shutdown of
plant in order to achieve safe working conditions.
In addition to achieving safety one of the primary objectives of this procedure is to ensure that OETC LDC
and Transmission Departments are aware of all works being carried out inside OETC grid stations.
The Access Control Procedures apply to all cases where Connected Party personnel, including contractors,
require access to OETC grid stations.
The Work Control Procedures apply to all cases where Connected Party staff, including contractors, will
be carrying out works, which require switching or shutdown of equipment.
Responsibility:
Compliance with this procedure is the responsibility of:

• Connected Party personnel, including contractors, requiring access to, or intending to carry out
switching or outage related works inside, OETC grid stations.
• OETC personnel involved in the operation and maintenance of OETC grid stations and those
personnel or functions identified in this procedure.
All security guards at OETC grid stations will be required to enforce the access control procedures without
exception.
Access Control Procedure:
All personnel requiring access to OETC grid stations must be authorised as Competent Persons (as a
minimum) under the OETC SSR or accompanied by such an authorised person.
In the case of Distribution Company personnel, authorisation under the DSR as a "Competent Person" will be
sufficient to allow access permission for OETC grid stations to be given.
Where personnel, whether OETC or Connected Party, are not in possession of the appropriate access card
they must obtain specific written permission from the OETC Transmission Department before entering a grid
station on a visit by visit basis.

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Work Control Procedure
Process flow: The process flow diagram for Connected Party works inside OETC grid stations, which require
switching, or shutdown to enable safe working is included in this procedure as Appendix 1.
Categories of work:
Routine works: are those works, which are carried out on a planned basis. Such works require a seven (7)
day notice period.
Urgent works: are those, which arise from an unplanned event, or are works, which require to be carried
out on an urgent basis. Such works require a forty-eight (48) hour notice period.
Emergency works: are those which require to be carried out on an immediate basis. In such cases the
works will be co-ordinated directly between the DCC/CPCC and the LDC.
Safe working: All works, including "Emergency Works", must be carried out safely and strictly in
accordance with the SSR.
Coordination of works:
Primary coordination of works will be between the DCC/CPCC and LDC.
Safety issues including the issue of RISSP and site audits will be coordinated between the
Distribution Company and/or other connected party, and OETC Safety Coordinators. Field level coordination
will be between the field staff of the Connected Party, and OETC.

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Electrical Safety Equipment & Documents
• (CN) Caution Notice

• (DN) Danger Notice
• (EN) Earth Notice ( CME & AE )
• (SP) Safety Pad Lock
• (CB) Circuit Breaker
• (ISO) Isolator
• (ESD) Electrical Safety Documents
Notices
Caution Notice: (CN) Approved and Applied at all points of ISOLATION from which APPARATUS can be made
LIVE before issue of Electrical Safety Documents where it shows warning against any interference.

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Safety Clearance Certificate:
Primary plant Equipment shall be added/connected electrically or mechanically to a System for the first
time only following the issue of a Safety Clearance Certificate.
It is also required to issue the clearance certificate for inspection of new Over Head Lines, which require
climbing of towers by the Company staff before, even if the connection to the gantry is not made.
Primary plant Equipment shall be permanently removed from a System only in accordance with issue of a
Safety De-Clearance Certificate after disconnecting and complete isolation from the System.

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Safety De-Clearance Certificate:

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ELECTRICAL WORK
Any activity on or near electrical apparatus which involves the application of insulated tools.
For all electrical work, electrical safety rules shall be followed.
Insulated Tools:
Any tool that is going to be used within the limited approach boundary that is either intended to or may
accidentally come into contact with energized parts must have voltage-rated insulation on the tool.
Electrical Work Situations:
There are four situations of work:
1. Work on ISOLATED, MADE DEAD, and EARTHED HV Electrical Apparatus.
2. Work in the vicinity of EXPOSED live HV electrical equipment.
3. Work on EXPOSED live HV electrical equipment
4. Testing of HV electrical apparatus CONNECTED to the system.

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Work on ISOLATED, MADE DEAD, and EARTHED HV

Working near HV live electrical equipment.
Electrical Apparatus.
Testing of electrical apparatus CONNECTED to the

Work on EXPOSED live electrical equipment
system.

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SWITCHES AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

CIRCUIT BREAKERS Make or break load, fault currents
DISCONNECTORS
Make or break load magnetizing current
(with interrupter head)
DISCONNECTORS Not used to make or break load or magnetizing current
CONTROL ROOM OF HV SWITCHGEAR
132KV CONTROL PANEL

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Safety Operations on High Voltage Switchgear
Switches:
CBs can be operated in several different ways (remote operation is recommended):
Locally: Electrically – by a switch, open/close.
Mechanically – By a Pushing button, open/close.
Remotely: Remote operating panel.
Remote operating device.
LDC (Supervisory).

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SF6 SWITCHGEAR

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What is wrong with this picture?
What is wrong with this picture?

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PRECAUTIONS
Switchboards
Inadvertent opening of the back of the panel of the live side will lead to serious danger.
Access to the live side of the switchboard is to be barricaded.
If barricading is not possible, suitable danger notices are to be put up to call for attention to the live
circuits.

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Back-Feed:
Due to the danger of backfeeds (from Power Transformers, LV Incomers, Busbars, Bus Section Units) all
work on these apparatuses require strict precautions and the issue of a LOA or PTW to the person in charge
of the work.
If complete isolation of the unit to be worked on requires the isolation of the HV/LV windings of a Power
Transformer, AP shall:
• Open LV switchgear, apply Safety Padlocks & Notices.
• Attach Danger Notices to adjacent live apparatus.
• Attach Caution Notice to Isolated HV/LV of a Power Transformer.
• Apply Primary Earth to HV side of the Transformer & L.V Earth.
• Issue PTW at the point of work to Competent Person.

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Battery Room:
Safety is the most important aspect of any task in the battery room.
They must be examined regularly to make sure that they are in a good condition.
They must always be handled carefully and stored correctly.
PPE required when working in a Battery Room:
• Rubber Gloves.
• Protection Glasses.
• Apron.
• Respirator.
• Rubber Boots.
Examination of a Battery:
Before accepting or using a battery, it should be examined for signs of damage or corrosion. You must know
what to look for when you examine a battery, typically you must check for:
• Signs of damage to the case.
• Pin holes.
• Electrolyte leakage.
• Correctly fitted vents and stoppers.
• Security of connections, handles and tie down bars.
• Corrosion of terminals and other metal areas.
Electrolyte contamination of the skin or clothing:
This must be treated immediately by flushing with clean, preferably warm water.
Warm water mixed with electrolyte more easily and so dilutes it more quickly than
cold.
Clothing must be removed as soon as possible to reduce skin contamination damage.

Serious electrolyte skin attacks must be reported to a medical officer.

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Electrolyte Contamination of the Eyes:
This MUST be dealt with IMMEDITELY by holding the eye open and continuously
flushing with clean water for at least 15 minutes.
The MEDICAL officer is to be informed immediately of all eye contaminations and
eye irrigation is to continue until medial help arrives.
Battery Room Facilities:
Battery room should provide a safe working area. The building and Fittings Must
be:
• Well lit.
• Have high and low level exhaust ventilation.
• Have a cool working temperature of approximately 16 °C.
• Use flameproof electrical fittings. NO SMOKING AND NO NAKED LIGHTS ARE ALLOWED.
• Have a floor of material resistant to acid or alkali with adequate drainage and easy to wash. The
floor should also have minimum obstructions no steps or sills and a non-slip surface.
• Have a warm water supply for personal decontaminating and cleansing.
Battery Room

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TRANSMISSION TOWERS
Specific Hazards:
• Exposed Live Conductors.
• Working at Heights.
• Dropping Objects.
• Heat Stroke.
• Electrical Shock.
• Wind or storm.
• Lightning.
• Identical Lines.
Overhead Lines
For working or testing of High Voltage Lines:

• Isolate and Lock-off.
• Prove dead, earth down at points of isolation.
• Identify documentation used.
• Use additional earth at both sides as required.
• Stop work if storm or lightning is expected.
• Identify appropriate safety distances.
• Maintain effective communication.

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CN: CAUTION NOTICE PE: Primary Earth

SP: SAFETY PADLOCK AE: Additional Earth
How the safety clearance is measured?
1. From the ground to conductor….WRONG

2. From a person’s head to the conductor….WRONG
3. From the conductor to the outer direction….CORRECT

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Safety Clearance:
The distance from the nearest exposed High Voltage conductor not Earthed, or from an insulator supporting
an exposed High Voltage conductor, which must be maintained at all times to avoid Danger to persons.
Rated System Voltage (Kv) Safety Distance (cm)
Up to 33 200
132 300
220 400
400 550
Live Line Washing

Safety Precautions
Auto-reclose shall be blocked, The Authorised Person shall issue a

LIMITATION OF ACCESS to the Competent Person.
The water being used shall be de-mineralized water and have a

resistivity of more than 2500 ohms/cm (conductivity less than 300
micro Siemens).
Safety clearance must be followed according to the Voltage Level

(Not less than 5m for 132 kv & 220 kv).
Water pressures at the nozzle shall be maintained between 400 to

550 psi.

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Identification of Double Circuit Overhead Lines
• Approved labels or symbols only.
• Used for positive identification of each circuit and the position of its conductors.
• Noticeable by persons from ground level and by persons working up the tower or structure.
If towers are to be climbed:
• Direct Supervision from AP is required.
• Use the proper PPE that provided from the employer.
• Maintain Safe Distance from body parts or tools.
• When work is to be carried out within a one meter distance outside the safety distances specified in
the rules, the AP shall issue a LIMITATION OF ACCESS to the Competent Person (CP).
Arrest Restraint Positioning
Unsafe climbing practices that are prohibited while working on towers are:
• Climber shows fatigue.
• Climbing through or past unprotected electrical conductors.
• Not inspecting tower or PPE before climbing.
• Attaching to a tower at an inadequate anchorage.
• Not maintaining 100% attachment.
• Throwing any materials up or down while on tower.
• Failure to maintain a 3-point contact with the tower.
• Holding or attaching onto antenna lines, conduits, etc for support.
• Climbing while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
• Climbing when taking medication that may negatively impair good judgment or performance.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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Fall Protection Devices
• The system consists of Anchoring Point, Connectors, Safety Line, Safety Harness.
• Must be designed so that a person does not fall from a distance of more than 2m, also he do not
clashes with any equipment or facilities Below.
• Fully stop the person movement distance of no more than 1m distance. The freefall 1 + 3 m
• All cleats and hooks and anchor points must bear the strength of not less than 2267.96 kg.
Emergency
• Prepare an emergency plan.

• Provide equipment for rescue operations.
• Train members of the rescue team.
• Ensure the validity of the plan.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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Single or Double Circuit High Voltage Overhead Lines (with all conductors dead)
An AP shall:
• Make safe as per rule.
• Identify the line in an approved manner at the point of work.
• Check with an approved voltage testing device if practicable and if the Primary Earth is not visible.
• Issue the Competent Person (CP) with portable earthing leads to be used as Local Portable Earths.
Precautions:
A Competent Person (CP) shall:
• Apply local portable earths at or as near as possible to the point of work. Portable earthing is used
to bond together all conductors and connect to earth.
• Remove and reapply the local portable earths at different points of work on the line between the
Primary Earth positions.
• Local portable earths are not required of Primary Earths have been applied in the immediate
vicinity.
• If the working party leaves the line at any time, check upon their return that they have returned to
the same line and that all earths adjacent to the point of work are still in position before allowing
work to recommence.
• Check that all working parties are off the line, remove all local portable earths and sign off the
‘Clearance Section’ of the PTW.
Work on Double Circuit Lines with One Circuit LIVE
Precautions:
An Authorised Person shall:
• Identify the circuit. Instruct working party on obtaining safe access.
• Attach green flag at ground level on the DEAD circuit side.
• Attach a DN at ground level on the LIVE circuit side.
• On the PTW, note the circuit identification of symbol.
• Instruct the CP holding the PTW to climb first, attach APPROVED red flags to the cross arms of the
tower or structure, drawing attention to the danger.
• Ensure all members of the working party understand to keep all body parts and working tools within
red flag range.
• Remain adjacent to the tower or structure. Watch and warn if they approach the LIVE circuit.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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The Competent Person holding the PTW shall:
• Ensure that the conductors remain earthed at the point of work.
• Ensure that approved Red Flags, Green Flags, and Danger Notices are kept in position until the work
is finished an all are offline.
Common earth conductor of double circuit overhead lines:
• For any work on the overhead common earth conductor of a double circuit overhead line, the AP
shall ensure that both circuits are made DEAD.
Double Circuit Overhead Lines
Precautions:
• Work on double circuit lines with one circuit live.
• Ensure design of towers and structures allow maintaining of

the safety distances.
Tower carrying live conductors
Precautions:–
Lower Portions of Towers:
Painting and other work above the anti-climbing devices on the lower portions of towers carrying LIVE
conductors shall only be permitted under the following conditions:
• The work shall be carried out under the terms of a Limitation of Access (LOA)
• Before anyone is allowed to start work, the person in charge at each tower shall define the area to
be worked in by removable barriers, roping, red flags or pennants arranged to prevent any person
working on the tower nearer than the following distances from any LIVE conductors.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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WORK ON HIGH VOLTAGE APPARATUS

Precautionary Measures
For all High Voltage work or testing (except live line work or washing), the AEP shall conduct the following
precautionary measures:
• Switch off –
• Isolate – SP locks, key safe, caution notice ,auxiliary circuits
• Test for 0 voltage (prove dead).
• Apply Earth – Ensure it is locked off.
• Screen – Danger Notice to the vicinity of live equipment.
• Explain – Briefing the CP on the nature and extent of the work.
• Issue PTW– to CP
• Cancel PTW.
Enclosures containing High Voltage Apparatus
• Barriers in substations (including plates on access ladders) cutting off access to enclosures within a
station, chambers, cubicles or cells containing LIVE APPARATUS shall normally be kept locked.
• The keys controlling the locks shall be kept under the control of an AUTHORIZED PERSON.
• No person, except AUTHORIZED PERSONS or person acting under his immediate supervision shall
have access to any such enclosure, chamber, cubicle or cell in which a LIVE conductor is exposed.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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EARTHING
Earthed: Connected to the general mass of earth in
such a manner as will ensure at all times an immediate
discharge of electrical energy without danger.
This applies to apparatus, equipment, and conductors, all

phases short-circuited and efficiently connected to earth.
Earthing of HV circuits should be done through CB’s,

since there is always a possibility of closing on to a fault
(or to a circuit deliberately earthed as a part of making
the circuit safe for working)
• Inhibit electrical trips
• Lock off mechanical trip
• Refer to manuals for switchgear operations
GIS Substations
Manual operated switches in the form of isolators, physically

provided to every feeder in the system. They are interlocked
with circuit isolators and have locking facilities.
Application:
• Test voltage of all phases before attempting to close.
• Ensure the circuit isolator is fully open and interlock is

enabled to earth.
• Check the earth indicator for fully closed.
• Lock with Earthing Lock.
Earth Switch in GIS Substation

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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Earth Breakers (Trucks)
A special earthing device is provided for particular indoor switchgears. It can be racked into a feeder or bus
section cubical for earthing.
Application:
• Clean the breaker from dust and inspect physical condition.
• Read operational manual or ask experts.
• Ensure the breaker is in open condition.
• Test voltage of all spo uts of the phases intended to earth.
• Enable the interlocking system to earth
• Rack in the breaker at the intended earth position.
• Close the breaker to earth.
• Attach lock.
There are Two Methods of Earthing:

PRIMARY EARTH ADDITIONAL EARTH
• Applied by an AP • Applied by the working party (CP).
• Applied at/near point of isolation. • Applied at point of work.
• Applied before issuing Electrical Safety • Applied after issuing the Electrical Safety
Document. Document
• Earth conductor must be adequately rated • Cables must have the capacity to carry the
2
for a particular voltage, minimum (95mm ) fault current at point of work, minimum
(25mm2)

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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Procedure for the Use of Earthing Leads
• Verify that the circuit is not Live and where possible, test with a voltage indicator of an approved
type.
o TEST – PROVE – TEST: (The indicator used for testing must also be tested immediately
before and after verification.)
• Check the earth cables in terms of rating and physical condition.
• Connect the common earth point to the ground first. Use insulated rods and secure the first earth
cable to one phase
(It must be the same point where you tested for voltage)
Tighten the earth clamp at the conductor and repeat for 2 nd and 3rd phases.
• All 3 phases shall be earthed.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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WORK ON SPECIFIC APPARATUS

Precautions to be taken while working with specific apparatus:
1. Underground Cables
2. Power Transformers
3. Bus Bars
4. Switch yards
5. SF6 Switch Gear
HV Underground Cables
The Authorised Person shall:
Ensure that no person touches or cuts into the insulation which covers the conductor, unless the conductor
is DEAD, ISOLATED, and EARTHED.
Before issuing the PTW to the Competent Person, identify the cable to be worked on at the point of work,
and prove it DEAD by approved equipment or other approved means.
SFT shall be issued before the use of Electrical Testing Equipment to identify the cable.
Work on Live Low Voltage underground cable is forbidden.
Under Ground Cable Identification Methods:
• Cable Records: Helpful, but not a sufficient positive method on their own.
• Visual and Physical: Most reliable, but often not practical
Handicaps shall be capable of:
• Differentiation of the signal from other interference
• Discrimination between two cables running close together

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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Work in the Vicinity of Buried High Voltage Cables:

• To prevent accidental striking of power or auxiliary cables and power failure, a responsible member
of the Custodian Department is to issue LOA to the person in charge of the excavation.
• If the excavations are in the vicinity of underground electrical cables, then an Authorised Person
shall specify on the excavation permit any additional precautions that shall be taken to safeguard
the cables.
Working on Power Transformers:

When working on Power Transformers, follow the rules of HV Apparatus, the Authorise Person shall:
• Isolate auxiliary or voltage transformers from the HV conductors. If that is not possible, the LV
fuses or links are withdrawn and kept in a safe place.
• Isolate LV windings either by the opening of a switch or withdrawal of fuses or links, so that any
possible backfeed is prevented during the progress of the work. Attach Caution Notices at the
points of Isolation.
• Before issuing the PTW to the Competent Person, identify the point of work of the transformer.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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Working on HV Busbars:
When working on HV Busbars, prior issuing PTW to
Competent Person, the Authorise Person shall:
• Isolate the section of the busbars from all

points of supply.
• Install Safety Padlocks and Caution Notices at

all points of isolation.
• Where applicable, Padlock and install Danger

Notices on the shutters of LIVE spouts.
• Install Danger Notices on adjacent apparatus containing LIVE conductors at the limits of the isolated
busbar.
• Test busbars and every spout where work is to be carried out with an approved voltage testing
device. Check the voltage testing device before and after use.
• Earth the busbar at the point of testing. Where applicable, lock the Primary Earth in position.
Working in Switchyards:
Safety Clearance to Live Conductors
• When work is to be carried out in a substation

in which there are exposed Live Conductors,
basic rules (LOTO) will apply once equipment
is DEAD.
• With only one section made DEAD for the

work to be carried out, and the rest LIVE, the
Safe Work Area shall be defined as far as
possible by the use of barriers or rope.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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Fuses:
Before removing any Fuse from a circuit, be sure the switch for the circuit is open or disconnected. When
removing the fuse with a puller, first break contact on the hot side of the circuit. When replacing fuses,
install the first into the load side of the fuse clip, then into the line side.
Additional Precautions
• Identify the area and the tools and equipment.
• If no PTW or SFT is issued for adjacent apparatus in the substation, then he shall issue a LOA to the
CP in charge of the work, specifying how the Safety Distances from Live Conductors shall be
maintained during the course of the work.
Exposed HV Conductors:
Approved barriers or ropes are to be used to define the safe area of work.
• Barriers or ropes are to be clearly visible and are not tied or supported by any structure carrying
live apparatus.
• Attach green flags inside the barriers or ropes, with Danger Notices to adjoining Live Apparatus.
Ladders shall be of an approved type and be kept secure with a Standard Electrical padlock when not in
use. During work, these shall be locked in position, also with a Standard Electrical Padlock or by any other
approved lock, preventing unauthorized removal.
Position of ladders, scaffolding and cranes shall be pre-determined. Scaffolding and cranes are to be
connected to the substation earth system as soon as they are in position.
Work on HV Apparatus containing Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Gas:

In its initial state, before it has undergone thermal stress (usually the electric arc); SF6 is perfectly safe in
normal conditions:
• It is non-toxic.
• It is not flammable.
• It will not explode.
• Its density is greater than air.
This does not mean that no precautions need to be taken: because of its lack of oxygen, this gas will not
support life.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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Working on GIS Circuit Breaker 132kv
There are three parts:

1. Circuit Breaker Indication.
2. Isolator Switch.
3. Earth Switch.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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THE LAST LINE OF DEFENCE (PPE)
There are various ways of protecting people from the hazards caused by electricity. These include:
• Insulation
• Guarding
• Grounding
• Electrical protective devices
• Safe work practices
Safety Helmet:
OSHA Standard requires the use of head protection, such as hard hats, at any job location where there is a
"possible danger of head injury from impact, or from falling or flying objects, or from electrical shock and
burns".
Class E Electrical Hard Hat
Electrical class E hard hats are primarily designed for decreasing the
threat of accidents from exposure to high voltage conductors and
electricity sources. These hard hats are tested at 20,000 volts for ANSI
Z89.1 specifications.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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Safety Harness:
Series Lightweight wrapped full Body Harness used for working at
height.
Insulating Rubber Classification Chart:
Type 1 Non – ozone resistant

Type 2 Ozone resistant
Class Maximum AC voltage (RMS)
00 500 V
0 1,000 V
1 7,500 V
2 17,000 V
3 26,500 V
4 36,000 V
LV Gloves
Class 00 Gloves
500vac max use voltage
Meets or exceeds ASTM D120 and IEC 903 standards
HV Gloves
Class 2 Gloves (11kV)

17,000 Vac max use voltage
Tested at 20,000 vac
Meets or exceeds ASTM D120 and IEC 903 standards
Class 4 Gloves (33kV)

36,000v ac max use voltage
Proof tested at 40,000v ac

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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APPENDIX
References
1. System Safety Rules
2. ISO 14001:2004, Environmental Management System Requirements
3. OHSAS 18001:20007, Occupational Health and HSE Management System
4. OETC-HSE-O-MNL-M-001, HSE Manual
5. OETC-HSE-O-SSR-M-001, System Safety Rules
Definitions & Abbreviations

Expression or
Definition
abbreviation
CEO Chief Executive Officer
Company Oman Electricity Transmission Company
COP Control Procedure
HSE Health, Safety & Environment
HSEMS is defined in terms of the requirements of clauses of ISO 14001:2004 and
HSEMS
OHSAS 18001:2007
HSP System Procedures
ISO International Organization for Standardization
OETC Oman Electricity Transmission Company
OHSAS Occupational Health and HSE Assessment Series
The form (OETC-HSE-O-SSR-F-003 Application of Work) used for formal notification
Application of Work
by DCC to LDC of Disco works to be carried out inside an OETC grid station.
Any organisation, including a Distribution Company, having a Connection
Connected Party
Agreement with OETC.
CPCC Connected Party Control Centre.
CPSR Connected Party Safety Rules.
DCC The Distribution Control Centre.
DSR The Distribution Company Safety Rules.
LDC The OETC Load Dispatch Centre.
“Record of Inter-System Safety Precautions” the form (OETC-HSE-O-SSR-F-004)
RISSP used to control the application of operational safety precautions made by one
party at the request of the other to ensure safety or work at the interface.
SSR The OETC System Safety Rules.

SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
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MANY THANKS
&
REMEMBER!!
THINK_____BEFORE_____YOU
TOUCH


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(SSR-2 DAYS COURSE)

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

To enable you to work safely and avoid danger in the workplace.

ELEMINATE INCIDENTS & ACCIDENTS AND WORK SAFELY ALWAYS

SSR - MANDATORY FOR EVERY TASK AT ALL TIMES

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM SAFETY RULES

If SSR is used effectively, ELECTRICITY provides:

If SSR is used irresponsibly, electricity provides:

Personnel Burns Shock

Assets Fire Flash-Over

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS & MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDS

Direct Hazards to Personnel

Electrical Hazards can be avoided by:

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

Consequences occur when barriers are breached:

• Severe or fatal burns

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

Risk Assessment – What Is It?

Who Should Carry Out Risk Assessments?

The 5 steps of a risk assessment

Step 1 Look for the hazard [Potential to cause harm or damage]

Risk Assessment Matrix

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

AP Issue: PTW, LOA, SFT

CN Control & Coordinate all Electrical Systems in

Issue = (Issue & CANCEL) Receive= (Accept & CLEAR)

Competent Person (CP)

Authorized Person (AP)

Control Person (CN)

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

GENERAL PHILOSOPHY OF THE SYSTEM SAFETY RULES

2. Establishing safe and controlled conditions for the work.

3. Formally authorising the start of both planned and emergency work.

5. Cancelling the authority on completion of the work.

6. Restoring the System to normal Operational Service.

Dangerous Occurrences and Accidents

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

In the case of Parties, the person in charge shall have a pass.

Overhead Beam Hoist

• Inspect welds for cracking.

Load Test (twice the SWL) for a minimum of 2 minutes.

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

LOCK OUT TAG OUT

• Locks must be used at ALL points of isolation.

For Isolation From Isolation

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

Attached to adjacent live apparatus when PTW or SFT is issued for an

Revision : 2 Effective Date: JULY 31, 2018 Document #: SSR

SFT (Sanction For Test)

TO TEST H.V EQUIPMENT

LOA (Limitation Of Access)

TO WORK NEAR OR ON LIVE EQUIPMENT

3 copies are made:

• ORIGINAL: To the permit holder (CP).

• 1st COPY: To the Authorised Person (AP).

• 2nd COPY: To Grid Station.

• Cancelled or completed copies are archived for 3 years.

Electrical Safety Document Forms:

• Are printed in ink