RELATIVE CLAUSES

Name: Date:
- Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề đứng sau 1 danh từ và bắt đầu bằng một đại từ quan hệ (Relative Pronouns)
như: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ như: WHERE, WHEN, WHY.
I. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ ngữ trong MĐQH.
EX: - I need to meet the boy. The boy broke the windows.
—» I need to meet the boy who broke the windows.
II. WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH.
EX: - I know the girl. You spoke to this girl.
—» I know the girl whom you spoke to.
Note: Who có thể thay cho Whom để làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
III. WHICH: thay thế cho vật, đồ vật. Vừa làm chủ ngữ, vừa làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH.
EX: - She works for a company. It makes cars.
—» She works for a company which makes cars.
—» The company which she works for makes cars.
IV. THAT: thay thế cho người, vật. Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong MĐQH.
EX: - I need to meet the boy that broke the windows.
- I know the girl that you spoke to.
- She works for a company that makes cars.
- The company that she works for makes cars.
*NOTES:
* Không dùng THAT trong những trường hợp sau:
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
EX: - Mary, (who / that) sits next to me, is good at maths.
—» Mary, who sits next to me, is good at maths. (Không được dùng that)
+ Sau giới từ:
EX: - The girl to (whom / that) I was talking yesterday is my sister.
—» The girl to whom I was talking yesterday is my sister. (Không được dùng that)
* Dùng THAT trong những trường hợp:
+ Sau danh từ chỉ cả người lẫn vật:
EX: - I saw a lot of people and vehicles that were moving to the market.
+ Sau những danh từ đi kèm so sánh nhất, số thứ tự (The first, the second, …, the last, the only:
EX: - Yesterday was one of the hottest days that I have ever known.
+ Sau all, everybody, everything, nothing, nobody, anything, something, …
EX: - Answer all the questions that I asked.
V. WHOSE: thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật ( his-, her-, its-, their-, our-, my-, -'s )
EX: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
—» John found the cat whose leg was broken.
VI. WHERE: thay thế cho danh từ nằm trong cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn. Làm trạng từ trong MĐQH.
EX: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
—» The movie theater is the place where/ at which we can see the films.
VII. WHEN: thay thế cho danh từ nằm trong cụm trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. Làm trạng từ trong MĐQH.
EX:- Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
—» Do you remember the day when/ on which we first met?
VIII. WHY: thay thế cho danh từ “reason” trong cụm “for the/this/that reason”.
EX: - Tell me the reason. You look so sad for that reason.
—» Tell me the reason why/for which you look so sad.
TỔNG HỢP CÁCH DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

S O Possessive Adv. Phrase

Person Who/ that Whom/ who/ that Whose (+ N)
Thing Which/ that Which/ that Whose (+N)
Place Where
Time When
Reason Why
PHÂN LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
- Có 2 loại Relative Clauses :
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn/ xác định (Restrictive/Defining Relative clause) là loại mệnh đề cần thiết để xác
định rõ danh từ trước nó. Mệnh đề này không thể bỏ ra khỏi câu vì sẽ làm câu không rõ nghĩa.
- The man who keeps the school library is Mr. Green.
- That is the book that I like most.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn/ xác định (Non-Restrictive/ Non-Defining Relative clause) là loại mệnh đề
không có chức năng xác định danh từ vì danh từ trước nó đã xác định rồi. Mệnh đề này chỉ bổ sung thông tin,
nên có thể bỏ ra khỏi câu mà câu vẫn rõ nghĩa.
Vì vậy, danh từ trước mệnh đề không xác định phải là Tên riêng hoặc các danh từ đi sau that/ those, this
/these, hoặc my, our, their, your, his, her, its, và sở hữu cách ’s + danh từ mang nghĩa duy nhất hoặc
người nói và người nghe đều ngầm hiểu đó là ai/ cái gì.
- Dấu phẩy được dùng để ngăn mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định với phần còn lại của câu.
That man, whom you saw yesterday, is my teacher.
This is Mrs. Jones, who helped me last week.
My dog, which has been ill for a week, looks so tired.

Sự khác nhau giữa 2 loại Mệnh đề:

Defining Relative clause Non-Defining Relative clause
- Không có dấu phẩy để ngăn với phần còn lại của - Phải dùng dấu phẩy để ngăn với phần còn lại của
câu. câu.

- Có thể dùng THAT - Không được dùng THAT

- Có thể lược bỏ THAT, WHO, WHOM, - Không được lược bỏ ĐTQH.
WHICH khi chúng làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH. Nam, who gave us a lot of help, is a good friend.
I know the boy (who/whom/that) you spoke to. Nam, whom we often talk to, is a good friend.
*NOTE: Với cả 2 loại mệnh đề, khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ có đi kèm giới từ (on, at, with,…) (trừ
phrasal verbs), ta có thể chuyển giới từ lên trước đại từ quan hệ, nhưng chỉ được dùng WHOM, WHICH sau
giới từ, không dùng THAT, WHO.
The man (who/ whom/ that) the police are looking for is very dangerous. (không đổi for lên trước ĐTQH vì
look for là phrasal verb)
The man with whom she came was very pleasant. (She came with the man – không dùng with who, with that)

B – EXERCISE
I. Connect two sentences using relative clause:
1. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.
Last year we.........................................................................................................
2. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.
The people ...........................................................................................................
3. We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
We first ................................................................................................................
4. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.
Arthur Conan Doyle ............................................................................................
5. Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands.
The lake ...............................................................................................................
6. Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster.
Loch Ness ............................................................................................................
7. There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.
An old man ..........................................................................................................
8. We then traveled to a mountain. The mountain is near the town of Fort William.
We then................................................................................................................
9. The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis.
The mountain.......................................................................................................
10. I sent you a postcard. It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
The postcard ........................................................................................................
II. Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).
1. This is the bank … was robbed yesterday.
2. A boy … sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man …. robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask … made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend … waited outside in the car.
6. The woman … gave him the money was young.
7. The bag … contained the money was yellow.
8. The people … were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man … mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman … daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11. The car … the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12. The robber … mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13. The man … drove the car was nervous.
14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights … were red.
15. A police officer … car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.
III.Relative clause is necessary or not?
1. A calendar is something which tells you the date.
2. Strikers are soccer players who try to score goals for their team.
3. Jane is a person who everybody likes.
4. A stamp is something which you put on a letter if you want to send it.
5. The Thames is a river which runs through London.
6. Cheese is food which mice like eating.
7. A racket is something which you use to hit a ball when you play tennis or badminton.
8. Socks are things which you wear on your feet.
9. A guide is a person who shows tourists around a place.
10. Love is a feeling which nobody can describe.
11. The book which is on the table belongs to Brandon.
12. The museum which we visited last month is closed now.
13. The man who you saw in the house is my cousin.
14. Bob, who I know very well, is going out with Mary.
15. I cannot forget the song which they played last night.
16. The woman who is talking to Sue is my aunt.
17. I cannot remember the hotel that we stayed at.
18. Lucy, who I haven't seen for ages, rang me last night.
19. A person that you don't trust won't trust you either.
20. My father, whom I helped to install his computer, always forgets his password.