Tutorial for Chapter 6

Year 8
Chemistry
Time Allowed : 45 mins
Date : 14.6.2023

1. (a) What are the processes X and Y in the following diagram?[2]

X
Soild Liquid Gas
Y

The X process is called melting and the Y process is called condensation.

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(b) What is sublimation ? Give two examples of sublime substance.[3]
Sublimation is the process of changing from solid to gas. For example, dry ice and iodine.
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[Total marks for Question 1 – 5 marks]

2. There are some pearl balls and a billiard ball in the tray. The tray is shaken gently.
(a)What represents a pollen grain?[1]
The pearl balls.
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(b)What represents a particle of water?[1]
The billiard ball.
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(c)State about Brownian motion.[2]
Brownian motion is the random movement of microscopic particles caused by even tinier particles
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colliding with them .
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[Total marks for Question 2 – 4 marks]
3. (a) What is diffusion?[2]
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles in a gas in a dissolved substance as the result of random
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movement.
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(b) Which gas diffuses faster? Ammonia (NH3 )and hydrogen chloride (HCl)? [2]
[N=14, H=1, Cl=35.5]
Ammonia diffusion rate: 14 + 3(1) = 17g/mol
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Hydrogen chloride diffusion rate: 1 + 35.5 = 36.5 g/mol
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Ammonia gas diffuses faster.
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(c) And how do you know about which gas diffuses faster? [1]
By calculating the diffusion rate of ammonia and hydrogen chloride, hydrogen chloride is heavier than
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Ammonia, so Ammonia gas diffuses faster.
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(d)When ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride, it form white solid .Identify the
white solid .[1]
When they react, the white solid it forms is called ammonium chloride.
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(e) What are the sources for ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas.[2]
The source of ammonia gas is called nitrogen peroxide and the source for hydrogen chloride is hydrogen
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peroxide. [Total marks for Question 3 – 8 marks]
4. (a) The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
Complete the table to show their properties. [6]

property solid liquid Gas

Shape Fixed shape Same shape as (i)Same shape as
container
container
Volume (ii) Fixed volume Fixed volume Fills the entire
container

Can it flow? no (iii) Yes (iv) Yes

Can it be (v) No Only a little bit (vi) Yes
compressed?

(b) Draw circles to represent the particles of a solid and of a gas.[2]

Solid Gas
(c) What causes the gas pressure? [1]
Gas pressure is when the gas collides with the walls of the container.
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(d) If a gas is forced into small space, what happens to the pressure?[1]
The pressure will increase.
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[Total marks for Question 4 – 10marks]

5. Complete the following sentences.

matter
(a) Everything you can see and feel is called ----------------------------------
molecules
(b) All things are made up of tiny particles called -----------------------------------
container
(c) Liquids take the shape of their -----------------------------------
gas
(d) Clouds are examples of -------------------------------------
liquids
(e) Raindrops are examples of ----------------------------------
Oxygen
(f) ---------------------------------- is the type of gas that animals’ bodies need to stay alive.
more energy
(g) When a solid is heated, the particles get --------------------------------- and move
faster
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[Total marks for Question 5 – 8 marks]