FINEMarine Tutorials

TUTORIALS
FINE™/Marine 10.2
www.numeca.com
CONTENTS
TUTORIALS
BEGINNER
1.1 Driven cavity 12
1.1.1 Introduction 12
A. Problem Description 12
B. Objectives 12
C. CPU Prerequisites 12
D. Estimated Engineering and Computing Time 12
E. Preparation 13
1.1.2 Mesh generation 13
A. Project creation 13
B. Domain Definition 15
C. Boundary Conditions 16
D. Mesh Wizard 18
E. Save Project 19
1.1.3 Flow settings 21
A. Physical Configuration 21
B. Boundary Conditions 22
C. Body Definition 24
D. Initial Solution 25
E. Computation Control 25
F. Launch Computation 26
1.1.4 Post Processing 28
A. Cutting Plane Creation 28
B. Solid and Opacity Rendering 30
C. Visualize Streamlines 32
2.1 DTMB COMBATANT 36
B. Objectives 37
E. Preparation 37
2.1.2 Domain preparation 38
A. Import geometry 38
B. Box creation 40
C. Geometry subtract 41
D. Domain triangulation and creation 42
E. Renaming the ship faces 47
F. Renaming the domain boundaries 49
G. Merging the ship faces 50
H. Merge edges 52
2.1.3 Boundary conditions 55
2 FINE™/Marine 10.2 Tutorials

2.1.4 Mesh wizard 56
A. Internal surface creation 56
B. Initial mesh 57
C. Adapt to geometry 61
D. Snap to geometry & Optimize 69
E. Viscous layer insertion 70
F. Mesh quality 74
2.1.5 Flow settings 75
A. Physical configuration 76
B. Boundary conditions 78
C. Body definition 80
D. Body motion 81
E. Domhydro 85
F. Mesh management 89
G. Initial solution 90
H. Computation control 91
2.1.6 Launch & control the computation 95
A. Parallel computation 95
B. Monitoring 97
2.1.7 Post processing 102
A. Visualize solid patches 103
B. Observe wave surface elevation 105
C. Generate streamlines on free surface 110
D. Compute wetted surface area 113
E. Draw volume streamlines 114
3.1 C-Wizard Resistance 119
B. Objectives 119
E. Preparation 120
3.1.2 Part I - Project Setup 120
A. Start C-Wizard 120
B. C-Wizard Part l: Create & Set up Project 121
3.1.3 Part I - Domain & Mesh Setup 131
A. Mesh Setup 131
B. Mesh Generation 139
3.1.4 Part II - Flow Settings & Post Processing 141
A. C-Wizard Part II: Flow Settings 141
B. Launch & Control Computation 149
C. Post Processing 153
4.1 C-Wizard Open Water Application 169
B. Objectives 169
C. Methodology 170
D. CPU Prerequisites 170

E. Estimated Engineering and Computing Time 170
F. Preparation 171
4.1.2 Part I: Automatic Setup (Project, Mesh and Flow Solver) 171
A. Project Management 172
B. Body Configuration 174
C. Flow Definition 175
D. Additional Inputs 178
E. Mesh Setup 179
4.1.3 Part II: Manual Mesh Generation (optional) 182
4.1.4 Part III: Manual Flow Solver Setup (optional) 188
4.1.5 Part IV: Computation Launch & Control 194
A. Task Manager tool 194
B. Monitor tool 195
4.1.6 Part V: Post-Processing 196
A. Result Analysis tool 196
B. CFView™ 201
5.1 C-Wizard Planing regime 207
B. Objectives 208
C. Methodology 208
D. CPU Prerequisites 208
E. Estimated Engineering and Computing Time 209
F. Preparation 209
5.1.2 Part I: Automatic Setup (Project, Mesh and Flow Solver) 209
A. Project Management 210
B. Body Configuration 211
C. Flow Definition 213
D. Additional Input 214
E. Mesh Setup 215
5.1.3 Part II: Manual Mesh Generation (optional) 219
5.1.4 Part III: Manual Flow Solver Setup (optional) 224
5.1.5 Part IV: Computation Launch & Control 232
A. Task Manager tool 232
B. Monitor tool 232
5.1.6 Part V: Post-Processing 237
A. Result Analysis tool 237
B. CFView™ 241
ADVANCED
1.1 Full Appended DTMB 247
1.1.1 Prerequisites 247
1.1.2 Problem Description 247
1.1.3 Preparation 248
1.1.4 Graphical User Interfaces 249
1.1.5 Mesh Generation 251
A. Import Geometry 251

B. Define Domain 255
C. Manipulate Domain 262
D. Boundary Conditions 277
E. Mesh Wizard 287
F. Save Project 323
1.1.6 Flow Settings 324
B. Boundary Conditions & Body Definition 326
C. Body Motion 331
D. Mesh Management 335
E. Initial Solution 336
F. Numerical Parameters 337
G. Computation Control 338
H. Launch & Control Computation 342
A. Visualize Free Surface (Color Contour) 348
B. Add Isolines on Free Surface 351
C. Generate Streamlines on Free Surface 353
D. Compute Wetted Surface Area 354
E. Visualize Pressure on Ship's Hull 356
F. Draw Volume Streamlines 358
2.1 Self-Propulsion 363
A. Import Domain 365
C. Mesh Wizard - Boat Domain 367
D. Mesh Wizard - Prop Domain 372
E. Full Non-Matching Connections 376
F. Save Project 378
B. Boundary Conditions & Body Definition 381
C. Body Motion 385
D. Mesh Management 388
E. Initial Solution 390
F. Computation Control - Control Variables 391
G. self propulsion dynamic library 393
H. Launch & Control Computation 395
I. Computational Setup for Second Computation 396
J. Monitoring 398
A. Visualize Free Surface (Color Contour with isolines) 399
B. Visualize Pressure on the Propeller 401
C. Visualize y+ values on propeller and hull 402
D. Draw Streamlines on the Ship's Hull 403

3.1 2D Falling Object 407
3.1.4 Graphical User Interfaces 409
A. Domain Creation 411
C. Mesh Wizard 413
D. Save Project 417
B. Numerical Parameters 422
C. Computation Control 427
D. Launch & Control Computation 429

TUTORIALS
The tutorials for FINE™/Marine as listed below provide detailed step-by-step instructions for the entire
simulation process. Additional Tutorials of HEXPRESS™ allow a further detailed insight into the
mesh generation process. Most of the tutorials are designed so as to limit use of computational
resources but some of them may require a significant amount of computational time assuming they are
executed on the finest mesh level.
In this section
Where to Find the Files Used in the Tutorials?
Each of the tutorials starts from mesh generation and uses an existing geometry. The appropriate
files (and any other relevant files used in the tutorial) can be downloaded from the corresponding
links: download Beginner level files or download Advanced level files. In addition they are
available from the Products page of the Customer Area (www.numeca.com).
Some of the project files (mesh and project, excluding solution files) can also be found in the
demo cases package dedicated to ready-to-run demonstration cases and presented in the Demo
Cases section. This allows to quickly start a calculation and observe the behavior of
FINE™/Marine, without necessarily going through all the steps of the tutorials.
Conventions Used in the Tutorials
Several conventions are used in the tutorials to facilitate your learning process.
Following a short introduction, each tutorial is divided into 3 sections respectively related to mesh
generation, settings and calculation, and post-treatment.
Inputs required to execute the tutorials are most often restricted to the geometry, either in a ".dom"
or CAD related format, and profiles of boundary conditions.
The sequence of actions to be executed are described through a step-by-step approach, in the form
of Arabic numbers.
Additional insight about some specific actions and/ or features is frequently added to illustrate the
tutorial further. This information is proposed for the purpose of clarity and completeness, and
should not be executed. It appears as a note with a light blue background.

The calculations executed to illustrate the behavior of the flow solver include a "reasonable"
number of grid points, so as to limit the computational resources required to complete the tutorials.
As a consequence, most of the underlying flow solutions must be considered as qualitative.
Additional mesh refinement may be required in some circumstances so as to obtain a more
quantitative picture.
Contact NUMECA local sales or support office for any question or information you may require. To
allow NUMECA local sales or support office to help you out within the shortest delays, please
provide a detailed description of the observed behavior and performed analysis.

BEGINNER
The following Beginner level tutorials for FINE™/Marine allow to familiarize with the Graphical
User Interface and basis of the mesh generation technique, project set up and solution procedures:
In this section

General information on the use of the tutorials:
NUMECA Software
Each of the tutorials starts from mesh generation and uses an existing geometry. The appropriate
files (and any other relevant files used in the tutorial) can be downloaded from the corresponding
link: download Beginner level files. In addition they are available from the Products page of the
Customer Area (www.numeca.com).
Following a short introduction, most of the tutorials are divided into 3 sections, respectively
related to mesh generation, settings and calculation, and post-treatment.
The sequence of actions to be executed are described through a numbered step-by-step approach.
Additional insight about some specific actions and/ or features is frequently added to further
illustrate the tutorial. This information is for the purpose of clarity and completeness, and should
not be executed. It appears as a note with a light blue background.
The calculations executed to illustrate the behavior of the flow solver include a reasonable number
of grid points, so as to limit the computational resources required to complete the tutorials. As a
consequence, most of the underlying flow solutions must be considered as qualitative. Additional
mesh refinement may be required in some circumstances so as to obtain a more quantitative
picture.
For more information and troubleshooting:
l consult the forum in NUMECA's Customer Area.
l or contact NUMECA local sales or support office (for active maintenance plans only).
To help to find a solution within the shortest delays, please provide a detailed description of the
observed behavior and performed analysis.

NUMECA Software
The resolution of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems involves three main steps:
l spatial discretization of the flow equations,
l flow computation,
l visualization of the results.
To perform these steps, three software systems have been created:
l HEXPRESS™ (developed by NUMECA), is an automated all-hexahedral unstructured grid
generation system,
l ISIS-CFD, the flow solver (developed by the CNRS and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes), is a
3D unstructured flow solver able to simulate Euler or Navier-Stokes (laminar or turbulent)
flows,
l CFView™ (developed by NUMECA), is a highly interactive Computational Field
Visualization system.
It will be possible to learn how to:
l use the computation wizard mode integrated into the FINE™/Marine interface including the
C-Wizard mode,
l set up the resistance computation with extra conditions: actuator disk and additional external
forces,
l generate a computational mesh in automatic mode.
The tutorials consist of detailed information about physical and numerical parameters imposed
during the setup procedures. It is recommended to check the full information, although to save
time it would be useful to check the shell/ bash window since it will display interactively all the
important information while performing the C-Wizard procedures.

1.1 DRIVEN CAVITY
1.1.1 Introduction
A. Problem Description
The driven cavity is a standard CFD case to begin with. One single fluid is used and one
boundary condition has a speed on the top of the cavity to create a recirculation inside the cavity.
B. Objectives
The goal of this tutorial is to provide a first flavor of the graphical user interface and the
understand the logic of a standard FINE™/Marine workflow.
C. CPU Prerequisites
In order to ensure a smooth FINE™/Marine experience, it is advised to use a computer with the
following resources:
l 1GB of RAM;
l 1GB of disk space available to store all files;
l 64bits machine with 1 core.
D. Estimated Engineering and Computing Time
Engineering time (user interaction required):

l Computation and mesh setup: 5minutes;
l Computation time: 1minute;
l Post-processing: 10minutes.

E. Preparation
How to launch FINE™/Marine
l For Linux systems, you can access the FINE™/Marine v10.2 graphical user interface with the
following command line:
finemarine102 -print
l For Windows systems (Windows 7 and older), you can access the FINE™ /Marine v10.2
graphical user interface from the Start menu by going to /Programs/NUMECA
software/FineMarine102/FINE. In Windows 8 you can access it by going to the Start menu
and clicking on Search. Under Apps, there will be a section called Numeca software. Click on
FINE(#-bits) in order to open the FINE™ /Marine v10.2 graphical user interface.
1.1.2 Mesh generation
A. Project creation
l Open FINE™/Marine, select Create a new project/Creating a mesh and press Ok:
l Select a working directory, enter the project name Driven_cavity and press Ok:

l Press Yes to start HEXPRESS™ .
l Close the Welcome to HEXPRESS™ dialog box and go to the CAD Manipulation menu:
l Click on Create Box.

l For the 1st corner enter (0,0,0).
l Click on Apply.
l For the 2nd corner enter (1,1,1).

l Click on Apply.
l The following result should be obtained:
l Click on Accept.
l A box called B1 is created and added to the list.
B. Domain Definition
l Click on Create Domain.

l Set the faceting settings as in the following figure:

l Click on Apply and then Create to save the domain file under the name Driven_cavity_
domain in the /_mesh subfolder of the project directory.
l Press Yes in order to import the successfully generated domain:
C. Boundary Conditions
l Click on the Boundary Conditions icon or select Grid/ Boundary Conditions... menu.
The renaming of the domain boundaries is advised in order to ease the pre-processing and the
post-processing of the computation.
l To do so, rename each boundary using the following corresponding names:

Default names New names
B1_face_0 zmax
B1_face_1 ymin
B1_face_2 xmin
B1_face_3 ymax
B1_face_4 zmin
B1_face_5 xmax
l Select the zmax boundary.

l Left click on the Set face type button and release it on EXT:
l Click on Close.

D. Mesh Wizard
HEXPRESS™ includes a multi-threading capability allowing to speed up the Optimization step and
the optimization loops included inside the Viscous Layer insertion step.
To activate it, in Menu bar of HEXPRESS™: Project > Preference > Mesh generation >
Multithreading
Please refer to the HEXPRESS™ documentation for the advised number of threads.
l In the Mesh Wizard, tick the Initial mesh, Adaptation, Snapping and Optimization steps
by clicking on the yellow square:
l Press the Start button to launch the mesh generation using default settings.
l If not done already, activate the viewing of the mesh in the View panel.

l The created mesh is presented on the following picture:
FIGURE 1.1
Meshed domain
E. Save Project
l Save the mesh in the _mesh folder as Driven_cavity:

l Switch back to the FINE™/Marine GUI by clicking on Go back to project set-up.
l The Mesh properties pop-up showing information about the mesh will appear:
l Click on Ok to close this window.

1.1.3 Flow settings
A. Physical Configuration
l In the Parameters area, go to the General Parameters menu under Physical configuration
and keep Steady active:
l Click on Ok to confirm.
l In the Fluid Model menu, switch off the Multi-fluid parameter.
l Set the Fluid-1 properties as following:
o Name: Air.
o Dynamic viscosity: 1.85e-005 Pa.s.
o Density: 1.2 .

l Click on Ok. A Warning pop-up appears, click on Ok to confirm:
l In the Flow Model Parameters menu:

o Keep the k-omega (SST-Menter) turbulence model;
o Keep the Reference length to 1.0 m;
o Keep the Reference velocity to 1.0 m/s.
B. Boundary Conditions
In the Boundary Conditions menu, two tabs corresponding to the boundary conditions defined
in HEXPRESS™ are active. For each one of them, some boundary conditions are available for
the patches.
l As in the following picture, set Wall-function for each SOLIDboundary:

l Keep the zmax EXTERNAL patch as a Far field boundary.
l Set the Far field velocity of Vx to 1.0 m/s:

C. Body Definition
l Open the Body definition window.

l Select all the patches.
l Click on Create body.
l Set the body name to Driven_cavity. The result is shown on the picture below:

D. Initial Solution
l Open the Initial solution menu and set Vx to 1.0 m/s.
E. Computation Control
l Under the Computation control menu, open the Control Variables window and define the
following computation parameters:
o Maximum number of iterations: 70;
o Convergence criteria: 5 orders;
o Save solution every 50 iterations.

l Confirm by clicking on Ok.
F. Launch Computation
l Save the project and the simulation file .
l Start the computation . The following menu appears:

l As the mesh is quite light and the simulation basic, a Serial computation is enough for this
case.
l Click Ok to confirm: computation begins.
The simulation can be followed using the Task Manager presented below:
This report is also recorded in the computation folder under the name Driven_cavity_computation_
1.std.
After a few seconds, the computation is finished and the following report is displayed:

The Pre-processing: finished and Solver: finished lines mean the computation went fine.
The Post-processing: finished line indicates that CFView™ can be used so as to visualize the
results.
1.1.4 Post Processing
l To access CFView™ from the FINE™/Marine graphical user interface, press the CFView™
button .
l Press Ok on the following window:
A. Cutting Plane Creation
During the next steps, two cutting planes are created in order to visualize some flow characteristic
in the cavity:
l Click on Cut on the Surfaces panel.
l Activate Geometry.
l Click on button in order to set the normal to Y.

l Press Apply and then Save. The cutting plane has been added in the Surfaces list as CUT1.
The Y cutting plane creation is illustrated below:
FIGURE 1.2
CUT1 creation
l Create a Z cutting plane by pressing the button and saving. The cutting plane has been
added in the Surfaces list as CUT2:

FIGURE 1.3
CUT2 creation
l Click on Close.
B. Solid and Opacity Rendering
l In the Surfaces panel, select the xmin, ymax and zmin.

l Right-click on it an release on Select. The properties of these surfaces can now be modified.

l Click on the Render Gouraud icon in order to show some cavity walls.
l Click on Opacity in Representations and decrease the value to about 0.80 by dragging the
cursor (by default set to 1):
The cavity limits can now be properly distinguished as the following picture shows it:

FIGURE 1.4
Cavity visualization
C. Visualize Streamlines
l Select the CUT2 surface by right-clicking on it and releasing on Select.

l Select the Velocity quantity by double-clicking on it. Make sure it is correctly selected thanks
to the green tick at its left:

l In the Representations panel, under the Vectors menu, press the Vectors on Grid Nodes
icon . Some vectors are then displayed on CUT2 surface:

The vector size can be controlled using the Larger/Smaller Vectors buttons .
l Select the CUT1 surface by right-clicking on it and releasing on Select.

l In the Representations panel, under the Vector Lines menu, press the Vector Lines
Parameters icon .
l Under the General tab, set both as Direction, tube as Representation, surface as Mode and
Velocity as Color:

l Click on Apply and Close this window.
l Press the Local Vector Line icon under Representations/Vector Lines and then click
on the cutting plane where you want to draw the streamlines from. The resulting streamlines
are presented in the following figure:
FIGURE 1.5
Flow visualization using velocity representations
Image recording
As the simulation results and observations are crucial, it could be convenient to properly record it.
To do so:
l Open File/Print ....
l Select format and other file options.
l Press Ok and set the name and the path of the recorded picture.
The view can be moved after clicking on the Dynamic Viewing icon .
The view can be cleaned by using the Update/Delete/All tool.

2.1 DTMB COMBATANT
2.1.1 Introduction
The geometry at hand is the DTMB Combatant. This geometry does not include any appendix
which makes it a perfect case for a first advancing boat simulation.
The simulation settings have an impact on the meshing methodology (mainly viscous layer
settings). In the following section (Flow Settings), a model scale resistance computation will be
initialized with the following settings:
l Reference length (LOA) of 6.17m;
l Velocity of 1.59m/s - Froude number of 0.20;
l Draft of 0 m in the reference model frame;
l Water density 1025.321kg/m³;
l Dynamic viscosity 1.131e-3Pa.s;
l Since the flow settings are symmetric, only half of the geometry will be meshed.
FIGURE 2.1
DTMB Combatant geometry

B. Objectives
The aim of this tutorial is to provide step-by-step instructions of the simulation of a typical marine
case in order to learning the process of FINE™/Marine. The tutorial gives guidelines/ best
practices on the complete mesh set-up, flow settings and post-processing, also applicable to other
marine cases.
l 4GB of RAM;
l 64bits machine with 4 cores.

l Mesh setup and mesh generation: 1hour;
l Computation setup: 15minutes;
l Computation time: 3hours;
l Post-processing: 1hour.
E. Preparation

2.1.2 Domain preparation
A. Import geometry
l Open FINE™/Marine, select Create a new project/Creating a mesh and press Ok.
l Select a working directory, enter the project name DTMB_Combatant and press Ok.
l Press Yes to start HEXPRESS™ .

l Click on Import Parasolid model <.x_t> ....
l Select the tutorial file DTMB_ Combatant_ full_ scale.x_ t from the folder _
beginner/Tutorial_2/, and confirm your choice. One Parasolid™ body is loaded.

FIGURE 2.2
Imported Parasolid™
Imported Parasolid™ model may be unclean (gaps, intersecting geometries, etc.). A checking
algorithm is included in HEXPRESS™ so as to confirm the geometry validity:
l Select the B1 body by left-clicking on it;
l Right-click on the highlighted body to access the options menu and release on Check. Wait a few
seconds to have confirmation that the geometry is clean.
l Press Ok to continue

B. Box creation
The computational domain is usually defined as a box around the body. Standard domain sizes in
terms of LOA are:
l Longitudinal (commonly X-axis): 5.5 LOA. (for a Froude Number )
l Lateral (commonly Y-axis): 2 LOA.

l Normal (commonly Z-axis): 2.5 LOA.
l Click on Create Box under the CAD Manipulation menu.
l For the 1st corner enter (15.425, 12.34, 6.17).

l Click on Apply.
l For the 2nd corner enter (-18.51, 0, -9.255).
l Click on Apply.

l Click on Accept.
l A box called B2 is created and added to the list.
The future meshed domain is the bounding box B2 minus the ship's geometry B1 . Therefore, a
Subtractboolean operator is used during the next step.
C. Geometry subtract
l Click on Subtract under the CAD Manipulation menu.

l Select the target body B2 (the body from which you will subtract).
l Press Accept.
l Select the tool body: the ship B1.
l Press Perform.
All actions performed until now could be undone using the Undo button.
To verify that the resulting domain is indeed as expected, select the B2 body in the list, right-click
and release on Show as solid.

FIGURE 2.3
Resulting domain after subtracting
To return, repeat above steps but release on Show as wireframe .
D. Domain triangulation and creation
l Click on Create Domain.

l Keep the default faceting settings: Curve and Surface resolution to 2.0

FIGURE 2.4
Faceting settings
l Click on Apply to see the effect of the faceting settings in the graphics window.

FIGURE 2.5
DTMB triangulation

FIGURE 2.6
Visualization of the bulb triangulation
These settings are important as the triangulation is the support for the future mesh. A visual check of
the triangulation quality, especially in the high curvature areas, is highly recommended before saving
the domain. If the geometry is not accurately respected, the faceting settings parameters should be
improved.
l When satisfied, click on Create to save the domain file under the name DTMB_domain in
the /_mesh subfolder of the project directory.

l Press Yes in order to import the successfully generated domain.
l The resulting imported domain is presented in the following figure:

E. Renaming the ship faces
All boat parts are already named by patch. However, during the pre- processing of the simulation,
some physical values will be required. These variables will be computed using the Domhydro tool.
As an input, this tool requires a special naming of ship parts: all body faces have to include the suffix
_b1 (for body 1).
Multiple surfaces may receive the same name.

l Click on the icon or select Grid/ Boundary Conditions... menu.
l As in the following picture, select the first two surfaces of the hull.
l Rename these boundaries Bulb_b1 either by:
o Pressing n on the keyboard;
o Right clicking and selecting Set name;
o Using the Set name area at the upper right corner of the window.
FIGURE 2.7
Bulb_b1
l Rename the hull, deck and transom patches by selecting them and adding the _b1 suffix, as
presented in the images below:

FIGURE 2.8
Hull_b1
FIGURE 2.9
Deck_b1
FIGURE 2.10
Transom_b1
F. Renaming the domain boundaries
Using the same window, the renaming of the domain boundaries is also advised in order to ease
the pre-processing and the post-processing of the computation. To do so, rename each boundary
using the following corresponding names:

Default names New names
B2_face_0 zmax
B2_face_1 ymin
B2_face_2 xmin
B2_face_3 ymax
B2_face_4 zmin
B2_face_5 xmax
The visualization of the boundaries should help to verify the correct surface renaming:
FIGURE 2.11
ymin boundary
G. Merging the ship faces
Meshing actions in HEXPRESS™ are mainly done at the level of edge or face entities. To reduce
the engineering time spent during the mesh set-up, the number of edges and faces should be kept
to a minimum (process called domain simplification). To reduce the initial number of faces and
edges, some of them have to be merged together.
By default, HEXPRESS™ captures all vertices and edges in the domain. This means, during the
merging procedure:
l Edges which represent a real geometrical feature or of great interest (possible cavitation,
separation, etc.) should be kept;
l Edges not representing a feature can be merged together;

l Vertices with a connectivity equal or larger than 4 (connected to 4 edges) should be avoided.
According to these guidelines, some DTMB faces can be merged together:
l Click on Domain Manipulation to expand options.
l Press the Merge Face Selection button .

l Select the Bulb_b1 faces and press Merge. The following result should be obtained:
FIGURE 2.12
Bulb_b1 face merging
l Select the Hull_b1 faces and press Merge. The following result should be obtained:
FIGURE 2.13
Hull_b1 face merging

An Automatic Face Merge option is available. The surface merging is then processed when the
angle between two faces is above an user defined Feature angle .
One implicit step of the face merging is the edge merging. Indeed, the face merging will let
some insignificant vertices in the middle of edges. It is then important to remove them in order
to ease the mesh computation by HEXPRESS™.
H. Merge edges
The Merge Edges Automatically feature is used so as to ease this step, it will allow to verify
each edge merging before performing it:
l Press the Merge Edges Automatically button .

l Define the Feature angle to 160 degrees as in the picture below. Every pair of edges making
an angle above 160 degrees will then be a candidate for the merging.
l After verification, click on Merge for the following vertices:

It is always advised to use the Check Domain button to ensure that the geometry is correct for
the next steps.
2.1.3 Boundary conditions
The boundary type of each surface is more a physical parameter than a mesh parameter.
However, HEXPRESS™ will take into account these conditions to compute a mesh in
accordance with the future flow. For instance, a boundary layer mesh will be computed in our
case to properly capture the flow next to the wall thanks to a turbulence model. This is why it is
important to define the boundary conditions during the mesh setup.
By default, each physical boundary is defined as a SOLID. So, every boat surface is correctly
described. Only the box faces have to be changed.
l Since the flow is symmetric and only one half of the geometry is meshed, the ymin face has to
be defined as a Mirror plane. To do so:
o Click on the icon or select Grid/ Boundary Conditions... menu.

o Select the ymin boundary.
o Left click on the Set face type button and release it on MIR.
FIGURE 2.14
Mirror plane definition
l Follow the same steps to define zmax, xmin, ymax, zmin and xmax as external boundaries.
The result is presented below:

FIGURE 2.15
External boundary definition
2.1.4 Mesh wizard
Five steps are necessary to build an unstructured hexahedral mesh of the domain:
1. Initial mesh: create a very coarse to define the cell size in the far field.
2. Adapt to geometry: refine the initial cell size a certain number of times to better capture the
geometry.
3. Snap to geometry: project the refined cells onto the geometry.
4. Optimize: improve the mesh quality to remove all invalid cells.
5. Viscous layer: insert viscous layers to capture the turbulence.
A. Internal surface creation
Also, since the free surface will be the interface between two fluids, it has to be meshed more
accurately. For this purpose, it is convenient to define a geometrical surface at the location of the
initial free surface position. To do so:
l Under the Plugins/Marine/ menu, launch the Internal surface creation plugin.
l Define the initial position of the free surface:

l Press Apply. The tool will create a surface called ISurface_Z=0.0 :
B. Initial mesh
l After turning on the Initial Mesh checkbox of the Mesh Wizard, set the following values in
the Initial mesh parameters window:

These values have been defined in order to generate an isotropic initial grid in each direction, with 4
cells in the boat deck.
l Press Ok and then Step. The initial mesh obtained is presented below:

FIGURE 2.16
X view of the initial mesh

FIGURE 2.17
Y view of the initial mesh
FIGURE 2.18
Z view of the initial mesh
FIGURE 2.19
Volumic view of the initial mesh

C. Adapt to geometry
Global refinement
l After turning on the Adapt to geometry checkbox of the Mesh Wizard, set the following
values in the Global tab:
FIGURE 2.20
Global parameters
It is really important to change the Maximum number of refinements value from 1 to 12.
As this is a Global parameter, a value of 1 would block every other refinement done in the
other tabs.

Patch surface refinement
Then, the boat surfaces must be refined in order to properly capture the flow next to the wall. To
do so, the Surface refinement tab is used. Here, the strategy adopted for surface refinements is
to set the Target cell sizes to the minimum and to allow HEXPRESS™ to compute a maximum
number of refinements. Define the Surface refinement parameters for the Deck, the Transom,
the Bulb and the Hull according to the following images:
FIGURE 2.21
Deck refinement parameters

FIGURE 2.22
Transom & Bulb refinement parameters

FIGURE 2.23
Hull refinement parameters
By default, the Max nb of refinements value is set to 10000. This is not compatible with a
Target cell sizes of (0,0,0) as HEXPRESS™ would refine this surface indefinitely. Do not
forget to change it!
Free surface refinements
For the free surface, define the mesh parameters as following:

FIGURE 2.24
Free surface refinement parameters
l The strategy adopted for the free surface is different since 8 refinements have to be achieved
along the Z direction. However, the mesh must not be too refined along X and Y directions as we
do not want to create to much cells. This is why the Maximum aspect ratio need to be defined
to 128.0 in order to allow the mesh anisotropy close to the free surface.
l The Refinement diffusion in the advanced parameters is set to 4 in order to improve the free
surface capturing.
l Press Ok and then Step. The mesh computed during the adaptation step is presented below:

FIGURE 2.25
X view of the adapted mesh

FIGURE 2.26
Y view of the adapted mesh
FIGURE 2.27
Z view of the adapted mesh

FIGURE 2.28
Volumic view of the adapted mesh
The X view image clearly shows the anisotropic property of the mesh: the cells are large along Y
axis whereas the Z cell dimension close to the free surface is small.
The surface refinements of the boat surfaces can be controlled with the Y view picture. As expected,
the Transom and the Bulb are more refined than the Hull for instance.

D. Snap to geometry & Optimize
Multithreading
l Turn on the Snap to geometry and the Optimize checkboxes and press Step for each one of
them.
l Display the resulting mesh on the ship by hiding the boundaries using the Face viewer button
and by clicking on . The optimized mesh is presented below:

Usually, when the snapping step fails, it is mainly due to the previous adaptation step.
E. Viscous layer insertion
l After turning on the Viscous Layer checkbox of the Mesh Wizard, open the Compute tool
so as to estimate the First Layer Thickness for a y+ of 40. To do so, enter the flow and
geometry properties into the following tool:
FIGURE 2.29
Compute first layer thickness menu
The Estimate button can be used to get a recommended Y+ value to be used with wall functions
depending on the scale of the problem. The formula used is the following:

l Click on Apply.
l Switch to the Surface tab and turn on the Active option for the following patches:
o Transom_b1
o Bulb_b1
o Hull_b1
l Go back to the Global tab and set the following Control parameters:
FIGURE 2.30
Global parameters

l Press Apply to Active Surfaces.
The viscous layer parameters can now be controlled using the Surface tab. Transom_b1 and
Bulb_b1 patches should have the same settings:
FIGURE 2.31
Hull surface parameters

FIGURE 2.32
Transom & Bulb surface parameters
The Number of layers for each surface is defined by the tool according to the resulting mesh
after the Optimization step.
As the viscous stresses due to the air flow are negligible on the Deck, the boundary layer of this
surface will not be meshed.
l After clicking on Ok, press Step in order to complete the last step of the meshing process.
l Save the mesh at the end of the Viscous layer insertion thanks to the Save icon giving the
name "DTMB_mesh.igg" under the "_mesh" folder of the project.

F. Mesh quality
The last step of the meshing process is to control the grid quality. To do so:
l Click on the mesh quality icon .

l Verify that there are no Negative, Concave or Twisted cells.
l Select the Orthogonality criterion. The cells can be visualized through the HEXPRESS™
GUI, by clicking on the considered column of the bar chart:
FIGURE 2.33
Orthogonality visualization
The Orthogonality must be always checked, the following empirical rules should be kept in mind:
l Minimal orthogonality > 5 deg: computation should pass without problems;
l 1 deg < Minimal orthogonality < 5 deg: if number of cells is limited (<1%), solver should pass;
l Minimal orthogonality < 1 deg: try to increase the orthogonality (check the domain validity and
the refinement level at first).
l Observe the Expansion ratio criterion as showed in the following picture. This criterion
should be kept under 50.

FIGURE 2.34
Expansion ratio visualization
The Show markers option might be activated so as to locate the cells more easily.
For a quick quality check, under the Plugins/Marine/ menu, the Mesh_quality_check tool can be
used. A report will be generated with NUMECA advice.
l The mesh generation is now finished, go back to the FINE™/Marine interface by clicking on
the Go back to project set-up button.
l The Mesh properties menu appears. Check that the information is correct (Grid units set to
Meters) and click on Ok.
2.1.5 Flow settings
For the first resistance simulation, this tutorial will focus on two important steps of the project
setup:

l The Physical configuration step in which all the flow and motion settings will be specified;
l The Computation control where the numerical parameters and the computation outputs will
be defined.
A. Physical configuration
l Rename the computation_1 to DTMB_1.59m_s by right-clicking on it:
l Double-click on General Parameters menu, keep Steady active and click on Ok:
l In the Fluid Model window, press the Water properties button . Then, in the Salt Water
tab, select the 18.0°C line and press Ok. Click on Ok to exit from this menu.

l In the Flow Model Parameters menu, set the reference values for the length and the fluid
velocity to respectively 6.17 m and 1.59 m/s:

B. Boundary conditions
In the Boundary Conditions menu, three tabs corresponding to the boundary conditions defined
in HEXPRESS™ are active. For each one of them, some boundary conditions are available for
the patches.
l Define the SOLID boundaries as in the following pictures:
Note that the Deck_b1 patch is defined as a Slip wall in order to correspond to the choice of not
inserting a viscous layer mesh on this surface.
l Define the EXTERNAL boundaries as in the following pictures:

By right-clicking on one boundary, the GUI will automatically highlight other boundaries with the
same condition.
l The ymin MIRROR plane can be checked as it is shown in the following image:

C. Body definition
In order to solve the entire body motion, it is now important to group the boat patches under a
single body. To do so:
l Open the Body definition window.
l Select all the _b1 patches.
l Click on Create body.
l Set the body name to DTMB.
l Select the patch Bulb_b1 and click on Create sub-body. Set the sub-body name to Bulb.

FINE™/Marine computes the forces and moments of each body created and stores them in the eff_
*.dat files. The motions will be stored in the file Mvt_DTMB.dat in the computation folder.
The contribution to forces and moments are also computed for each sub-body and stored in the eff_
*.dat files. Sub- bodies cannot have independent motion. They are usually not watertight and
therefore the pressure force integration will not be completely correct in the direction in which the
sub-body is open.
D. Body motion
Now, in the Body Motion window, the DTMB motion can be defined.
l In the Motion definition tab of the Body Motion menu set the following parameters:

l Edit the 1/2 sinusoidal ramp as following:

The final time value t1 has been defined in order to reach an acceleration of during the
velocity ramp. This acceleration has been determined to be the optimum value between speed and
stability of the computation.
l Click on Ok.
l Press the Edit button of the QS parameters column and set the following parameters:

The dT2 = dT3 choice comes from the NUMECA experience of resistance computation. It is a
general guideline to follow for this kind of computations using the Quasi-Static approach.
l Click on Ok.
Before moving on, some physical values are required in order to properly describe the dynamic
parameters of the DTMB:
l Center of gravity coordinates.
l Mass in kg.

E. Domhydro
In order to determine these physical values, the Domhydro tool is used to solve the
hydrostatic problem of the DTMB using the domain and boundary conditions files from
HEXPRESS™. Two modes are implemented in this tool:
l Hydrostatic Position => Parameters ( h2p ) : the body is assumed to be at the
hydrostatic position, the tool provide information on the body's characteristics (mass,
center of gravity, inertia tensor, etc.)
l Parameters => Hydrostatic Position (p2h) : the parameters of the body are known
(mass, position of the center of gravity), and the tool computes iteratively the hydrostatic
and the equilibrium positions.
See Domhydro section for more detailed information.
In this case, the h2p (Hydrostatic Position => Parameters) mode is executed in order to
determine the mass and the boat center of gravity. This mode is incorporated in the
FINE™/Marine GUI. The procedure to use the tool is the following:
l Go to the Dynamic parameters tab in the Body motion menu.
l Click on the Estimate inertial data button to access the Domhydro tool.

l The default Initial Free Surface Location is well defined for this geometry (Z = 0.0 m).
l Keep the Inertia matrix set to Uniform mass distribution (Domhydro)

l Press Estimate to execute the tool.
l A few seconds later, a pop-up appears containing the estimation results:

l Check the boxes for Center of gravity and Mass under Apply parameters . Uncheck the
Inertia matrix box, as the inertia tensor is not needed for this computation.
The Quasi-Static approach is based on a succession of predicted body attitudes, this is why the inertia
tensor of the boat is not required (see Quasi-Static Approach for further details).
l Clicking the Apply button will automatically insert the calculated values into the Dynamic
parameters menu.

Domhydro results are also written in an output file named DTMB_Domain_domhydro_h2p_b1.out in
the _mesh folder of the project.
The following physical values were obtained:

l Mass: 568.66 kg
l Estimated center of gravity of the entire body : (2.83 m, 0.0 m, 0.069 m)
F. Mesh management
l Verify the following parameters in the Mesh Management menu:

G. Initial solution
l Once again, the default initial Interface position (z = 0.0 m) is well defined in the Initial
solution window:

H. Computation control
l In the Control Variables menu, set the following parameters and press Ok:

The Time step value has been automatically computed from the reference values of the flow,
according to the following empirical formula:
l Combining this Number of time steps and this Time step value will enable the computation to
reach a maximum of approximately 29 seconds.
l The convergence booster will reduce the computation time by using coarser settings at the
beginning of the computation.
l The convergence checker will stop the computation once Fx, Tz and Ry have been stable for
30% of the computed time. Here "stable" is defined as oscillations having an amplitude smaller
than 1% of the mean value, for each quantity.

l After opening the Outputs menu, verify all parameters are set as below:
During the computation these variables will be stored into the computation folder and their evolution
will be available thanks to the Monitor .

These variables will be recorded during the computation every 100 time steps according to the
Save solution every value defined in the Control Variables menu. Moreover, a record will be
performed at the last time step of the computation.
l Press Ok to close the window.
l Save the project and save the simulation file .
2.1.6 Launch & control the computation
A. Parallel computation
Parallel computations are launched through the Task manager. To do so, follow the steps below:
l Start the computation by clicking on .

l Select Parallel and click on Ok.

The Task manager is loaded, a task is created and the corresponding simulation file is
automatically selected:
l Enter the number of partitions
It is recommended to assign a maximum of 300 000 cells per partition, for each GByte of RAM
available.).
l Select the machines on which to run the computation by clicking on Machines selection &
balancing.
l Click on the Start button to run the selected computation.
The convergence history of the computation can be followed thanks to the Task Manager pop-up

window.
To save and stop a computation while running, the Suspend Solver icon should be pressed.
However, to stop the computation without saving, the Kill Solver icon should be used.
B. Monitoring
l Click on the Close button to go back to the FINE™/Marine GUI.
l Press the Start Monitor button in the FINE™/Marine GUI and on Ok to open the
monitor.
In the Quantities to display menu, it is possible to follow the convergence history for a variety of
quantities (residuals, motions, forces and moments). Multiple components or quantities from
different computations can be displayed together as presented below.
l In the Residuals page activate Log scale

FIGURE 2.35
Residuals
FIGURE 2.36
Speed and acceleration

FIGURE 2.37
Drag for the complete hull and Bulb sub-body: Fx
The forces reported in the Monitor corresponds to the half body that has been simulated. The
complete hull drag is twice this value.

FIGURE 2.38
Pitch motion : Ry1

FIGURE 2.39
Heave motion : Tz1
The relative Tz0 ( Tz0rel) during the motion can be observed: it directly gives the absolute heave of
the boat.

FIGURE 2.40
The computation is stopped after time step 1232 by the convergence checker.
Open the file DTMB_Combatant_DTMB_1.259m_2.std in a text editor and go to the last time
step to check the Convergence checker information.
When the computation is finished or still running, the results can be visualized in CFView™ . To
access CFView™ from the FINE™/Marine graphical user interface, press the CFView™ button
.
2.1.7 Post processing
l Press the CFView™ button in order to open it.

l Press Ok on the following window:

The Traveling shot based on the Tx0 DTMB motion will lock the camera to the boat along the x-
direction and the ship will seem immobile along this axis (for further details, see the Traveling Shot
section).
At the opening of CFView™, the interface should look like this:
A. Visualize solid patches
l By default, the solid patches are selected. However, it is always more convenient to group
patches by boundary condition. There is two ways of doing this in order to obtain the picture
below:

1. Select the patches by type, right-click on it and release on Make Group
2. Under the Macro menu, the Group_ patches_ by_ type plugin performs the grouping
automatically.
l A half DTMB geometry has been input. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to represent
the entire body: under the Geometry menu, click on Repetition on/off:
l Click on the Render Gouraud icon to view the shaded body.

To hide the ship edges, select only the solid patches in the Surfaces list then press the Toggle
Boundary icon .
B. Observe wave surface elevation
l Double click on Mass Fraction from the Quantities to select it (the quantity will be marked
by a green tick when active)
l In the Representations area, click on the Contours & Iso-Values section to expand it.
l Click on the Iso-Surface icon and enter the value 0.5 in the keyboard input area, press
Enter, then click again on the Iso-surface icon to add the iso-surface in the list of available
surfaces.
The value of 0.5 of the mass fraction represents the contact surface between the two fluids: water and
air.
A new surface called ISO Mass Fraction=0.5.D1 has been added in the Surfaces list and is
displayed as a grid as presented below:

l Click on ISO Mass Fraction=0.5.D1 in the list, then right-click and release Select.
l Press the New button to create a new quantity, as presented below:

l Set Name as Elevation.
l Set Definition as z (vertical position).

l Select Apply and Close. By default the new quantity Elevation will be active.
l Click on the Smooth Contour icon in Representations/Contours & Iso Values to

visualize the colormap.
l The pallet of colors can be optimized to the selected surface by clicking on the Colormap
Optimum Range icon in the toolbar.
l Switch off the grid by clicking on the Toggle Grid icon in Representations/Grid.
l Click on Opacity in Representations and decrease the value to about 0.65 by dragging the
cursor (by default set to 1):
The following result is obtained:

Image recording
As the simulation results and observations are crucial, it could be convenient to properly record it.
To do so:
l Open File/Print ....
l Select format and other file options.
l Press Ok and set the name and the path of the recorded picture.
The view can be moved after clicking on the Dynamic Viewing icon .
Some elevation isolines may be added on the free surface:
l Press the Isolines button in Representations/Contours & Iso Values.

l In the dialog box, select Uniform to draw black iso-lines.

l Click Apply to obtain the following figure.
l Close the dialog box.

The above representation of color contour and isolines on free surface can also be obtained by
clicking on the Macros menu and selecting Represent_ Free_ Surface option. This will
automatically perform all the operations mentioned in the above steps and will give the representation
of color contour and isolines as shown in the figure above.
C. Generate streamlines on free surface
l Delete the Isolines by selecting Update/Delete/Isoline.

l Select the Relative Velocity (double- click) in the Quantities menu and go to
Representation/Vector line/Parameters... or click on Vector Lines Parameters under
Representations/Vector Lines.
l In General tab select both as Direction and surface as Mode.

l In Line Type tab set black color for the streamlines.

l Click on Apply and Close the window.
l In the Surfaces list, check that only the ISO Mass Fraction=0.5.D1 is selected.
l Select Representation/Vector Line/Local menu or click on under

Representations/Vector Lines and draw some streamlines by clicking on the free surface (not
on the mirrored side, otherwise nothing will be displayed):

D. Compute wetted surface area
l Update the view by deleting everything: go to Update/Delete/All.

l Check that all the solid patches are selected in the Surfaces list.
l Click on the Render Gouraud icon to view the shaded body.

l Select the Mass fraction in the Quantities area.
l Compute the wetted surface value of the quantity by clicking on Scalar Integral icon
under Representations/Integrals.
l Read the result in the information bar:
l Visualize it by pressing on the Smooth Contour icon in Representations/Contours &

Iso Values to activate the colormap:

The above representation and calculation of the wetted area can also be obtained by clicking on the
Macros and selecting Computed_Wetted_Area. This will automatically perform all the operations
mentioned in the above steps.
E. Draw volume streamlines
l Check all solid patches are selected in the Surfaces list, press the Render Gouraud icon
to visualize the shaded body.
l From the Quantities list, select Relative Velocity.
l Press on the Y Projection button to see the ship from aside.

l Go to Geometry/Create Cutting Plane...
l Press on the X button from the Create Cutting Plane window to generate a Y-Z plane.
l Use the left-right arrows from the Step Scrolling to move the cutting plane just before the
ship's bow. Decrease the Step value for more accurate translations, if needed.

l Press Save and Close when the cutting plane is set as in the following figure.
The cutting plane has been added in the Surfaces list as CUT1.
l Press on X Projection button for a frontal view and zoom in.
l Click on the Vector Lines Parameters icon under Representations/Vector Lines.

Under the General tab, set both as Direction, tube as Representation, volume as Mode and
velocity as Color.

l Click on Apply.
l Go to the Ribbon & Tube Type tab and decrease the tube radius r0 to 0.05.

l Click Apply and Close.
l Select only the cutting plane CUT1 in the Surfaces list.
l Press the Local Vector Line icon under Representations/Vector Lines and then click
on the cutting plane where you want to draw the 3D streamlines from. The resulting
streamlines are presented in the following figure:

3.1 C-WIZARD RESISTANCE
3.1.1 Introduction
Ship hull performance calculations have become a classical procedure for marine CFD
computations. Decreasing the time of the complete simulation setup would simplify the procedure
for computations and provide quick and easy hull performance estimation as well as the resistance
curve for a particular hull. C-Wizard mode is introduced into FINE™/Marine software for these
purposes.
A full scale resistance computation for the KCS model is performed with the following settings:
l Reference length (Lpp): 230m;
l Velocity: 12, 18 and 24 kt; Froude numbers between 0.13 and 0.26
l Draft of 9m in the full scale ship frame of reference;
l Water density: 1026.021kg/m³;
l Kinematic viscosity: 1.19e-6m²/s.
B. Objectives
The goal of this tutorial is to provide step-by-step instructions for the C-Wizard mode resistance
calculation setup including additional numerical and flow parameters: Adaptive grid refinement,
actuator disk and external forces. The widely investigated full scale container ship (KCS) hull is
employed here for computation performance.
The tutorial gives best practices on the C-Wizard mode computation and mesh setup, giving the
flow and mesh settings details information. Indeed, parameters are imposed automatically by the
C-Wizard where the minimal user input is required. Geometry patches merging recommendations
are developed to support best practices for the challenging geometrical features.

l 4GB of RAM;
l 64bits machine with 8 cores.

l C-Wizard automatic setup: 7minutes;
l Computation time: 8hours per speed, 24h in total;
E. Preparation
1. Locate and copy the file "KCS_ hull_ SVA_ cf_ withnames_ cf2.x_ t" into your working
directory (download Beginner tutorial archive).
2. Start FINE™/Marine v10.2.
Click here to start the C-Wizard setup...
3.1.2 Part I - Project Setup
A. Start C-Wizard
Launching the first part of the C-Wizard plugin is performed from the FINE™/Marine interface.
1.1. Open FINE™/Marine software.

1.2. C-Wizard plugin creates its own project as a step of the project setup procedure. Select
Using the C-Wizard to launch the wizard.
When starting the C-Wizard when there is a project already opened in the FINE™/Marine interface,
a warning window will appear asking for the action to execute.
To save the ongoing project settings, select No, then save the project, go to Project > New and select
Using the C-Wizard again.
It is recommended to start the C- Wizard mode computation from the empty FINE™/Marine
interface since there will be a full-chain project setup provided. Selecting Yes in the warning will
close the opened project without saving and a new setup procedure will be started.
B. C-Wizard Part l: Create & Set up Project
Create Project
2.1.1 Create a project by clicking the Create project button. In a browser define the project name
in the directory of your choice. Keep the default units.

2.1.2 Select Resistance in the Application section and click on the Next>> button to move to the
following step of the setup. In the appearing C-Wizard window, the project setup will be
available first.

Set up project: Body configuration
2.2.1 Under Input geometry : select Parasolid/CATPart and click on the Import
Parasolid/CATPart file button ('*.x_t' and '*.CATPart' formats are available here).

2.2.2 Import the previously downloaded Parasolid file KCS_hull_SVA_cf_withnames_cf2.x_t
(available in tutorials folder under \_ beginner\Tutorial_ 3 ). When the geometry is imported,
impose the following settings:
2.2.2.1 Select Half body to inform the C-Wizard what the loaded configuration is.
The body and flow conditions here are symmetric, thus half of the body is used. It is also possible to
import an entire body geometry and create a half-body domain of computation. Running Half body
will speed up the computation, as the mesh size will be halved.
2.2.2.2 Under section Body orientation, activate Positive-X axis for CoG to bow and Positive-
Y axis for CoG to side.
The orientation of the X-axis is required to avoid defining negative speeds in the following entries;
Y-axis direction will help to define the domain configuration.
2.2.2.3 Select Yes under section Is the body aligned with Cartesian axis?
This question sets the Cardan angles. When Yes is selected, Cardan angles are automatically set to
zero.
2.2.2.4 Select Automatic (=LOA) under section Body reference length. The reference length
will be automatically measured by the C-Wizard and set to the Length Over All.
2.2.2.5 Select User defined and set the Z-coordinate to <9.0> under section Initial free surface
position.
The initial free surface is defined in the geometry coordinate system. In this case Z=0 is located at the
hull bottom.

2.2.2.6 Select Automatic (based on initial free surface) under section Body mass. The body
mass will be automatically calculated based on the equilibrium position.
2.2.2.7 Select Automatic (based on initial free surface) under section Center of gravity. The
center of gravity position will be automatically calculated based on the equilibrium position.
2.2.2.8 Keep the trim set to Frozen under the Adjust pitch for hydrostatic equilibrium?
section.
2.2.2.9 Keep the Trim and Sink in a Body motion(s) to solve active.

Click on Next>>.
Set up project: Flow definition
2.3.1 In the section Speed definition: activate Resistance curve. Define V min = 12kt, V max =
24kt, Speed Increment = 6kt and press Enter.
Select Successive restarts to have each computation start from the result of the previous speed.

If the increment of speed between computations is not constant the user can directly input a list of
values separated by spaces or commas in the List of speeds field.
2.3.2 Keep deactivated the Scale input data (Froude number similarity).
If the user would like to run this project in model scale, all inputs should be given in full scale, and the
Scaling factor set to 0.0316. The C-Wizard would then take care of scaling the geometry and all settings to
keep a Froude number similarity.
Here the calculation is performed for the full scale ship and this option should not be activated,
2.3.3 In Fluid model section: keep default properties for Air and click on the Water properties
database button to change the water properties to Salt water at 15 °C. Click on OK to validate
the new properties.
2.3.4 Click on Next>> to proceed to the additional input setup.
Set up project: Additional inputs
A new window with additional parameters is available here:

2.4.1 Activate the Actuator Disk and enter the following parameters:
l Set Thickness to <1.5> [m],
l Set Inner/ Outer radius respectively to <0.5> and <2.5> [m],
l Set the Center coordinates to <5.11 0.0 4.0> [m] for X, Yand Z,

l Set the normal to <-1.0 0 0> [m] for Dir_X, Dir_Yand Dir_Z,
l Set Thrust to <100.5> [N],
l Set Activate body self update active,
l Set Frequency of update to <5> Time steps.
When Activate body self update with Body drag is active, the thrust of the actuator disk is
automatically updated during the computation such as Thrust = Drag at a prescribed interval. The
interval corresponds to the frequency value.
2.4.2. Activate the Adaptive grid refinement on free surface, leaving the AGR setting to the
default Initial base refinement + AGR.

2.4.3 Activate Wall roughness and choose Anti-fouling coating in the drop-down list. You can
click on Value description to get more details on the roughness values.
In full scale simulations the hull roughness will have a significant impact in the total resistance value
and it is important to define it according to the hull surface real conditions.
2.4.4 Activate Convergence checker and Convergence booster.

l Convergence checker will stop the computation when the drag and solved motions become
stable.
l Convergence booster will adapt the convergence settings during the computation to speed it
up.
2.4.5 Set the number of cores per computation to <8> under the Computation resources.
2.4.6 Click on the Next>> to proceed to the domain creation and mesh setup.

At this step, the file wizard.input is created and saved into the computation folder next to the .iec
project file. It consists of all the inputs recorded and computed by the wizard. The switch to
HEXPRESS™ interface is performed here: C-Wizard will generate domain and mesh automatically
respecting the geometry and input parameters (body configuration, orientation, free surface position
and etc.).
Click here for the domain and meshing details...
3.1.3 Part I - Domain & Mesh Setup
A. Mesh Setup
The last page of the C-Wizard gives the user control on the domain and mesh setup.
1.1 Set Mesh density to Medium.

Refinements on patches are applied according to their names and to the mesh density level.
The initial cell size in the mesh is defined to have a number of cells per maximum length of the
ship (Loa). For example, the number of cells per Loa for the initial mesh size is set to 3 if coarse,
4 if medium and 5 if fine.

The refinement level assigned to a patch according to its name is defined in the refinement
dictionary.
1.2 Set Extra refinement of the wave field to No.
This option will create a refinement sector with low aspect ratio cells covering the Kelvin angle area.
It will lead to a high resolution of the wave field, but it increases the number of cells in the mesh
considerably. For the current Froude number additional refinement of the wave field is not necessary,
thus this parameter is deactivated.
1.3 For the current computational project, geometry is checked and proper names were defined in
the CADfix software.
For the C-Wizard projects Merging by name is the priority. The reason behind this choice is
that a ship hull can be generally represented by several common parts like: bow, stern, deck, hull,
appendages, etc. Once names are defined, C-Wizard will perform merging and apply mesh
parameters automatically.
Two options are available from the C- Wizard mode: Merge faces with the same name and/or
Merge tangential faces.
l Set Merge faces with the same name to Yes.
The C-Wizard reads the name of every patch and merges the ones that are adjacent and with identical
names: all patches named "Bow_1" will be merged to one patch and named "Bow_1" . When preparing the
geometry, the user should give identical names to all patches that need to be merged together.
Patches named Bow_1 and Bow_2 will not be merged, but they will all get the mesh refinement settings
assigned to "Bow " in the refinement dictionary.
l Keep Merge tangential faces to No.

This option is exactly the same as for the HEXPRESS™ ( Domain Manipulation ) and when
activated it checks if the neighbor patch has a tangent angle greater than a specified one and merge if
it is greater. This method is especially helpful when the geometry imported is a Parasolid file with
big number of patches.
Each time two faces are merged, the new face gets an ID (ID's are incremented one by one). It
assigns specific values for the future mesh refinement strategy according to the name of the patch.
By default, the name will be the one which leads to the higher refinement.
1.4 Click on the Advanced>>> button to check the additional parameters.

1.5 Keep the default domain settings: User-defined domain size not active.

When not active, the default domain is set to 5Loa x 2Loa x 2Loa. This domain size is recommended
for resistance computations with Froude number under 0.5. For higher Froude numbers the
downstream boundary will be placed further from the hull to accommodate the longer wake.
1.6 Set Triangulation density to Fine.

1.7 Under section Y+ value select User defined and set Y+ to <220>.
1.8 Click on Start mesh set-up button to start the domain creation and the mesh setup. One can
check the shell to see the process in action.
An information window reporting that the first part of the C-wizard has been successfully finished
will appear. It also gives information about the computed Froude number and suggests the
following actions. Click Manually check the mesh first to activate the HEXPRESS™ interface
without immediately starting the mesh generation.
1.9 In HEXPRESS™ , the following parameters based on the previous inputs are imposed:
l Domain with the internal free surface is created, merging by name is performed according to
the names of patches.

l External boundary conditions (Grid/ Boundary Conditions) of the domain are automatically
named and defined as follows.

l The mesh setup is done automatically in accordance to the previously imposed settings
(Medium density mesh). The parameters can be checked through the HEXPRESS™ Mesh
Wizard menu:
Initial mesh
2304 cells

Adapt to geometry
• Maximum number of refinements: 12 (Global tab)
• Curve refinement:
— Curve 158: 8 ; Target Cell Size (0,0,0)
• Surface refinement:
— Deck*: 4 ; Target Cell Size (0,0,0) ; Refinement diffusion: Global ; patches automatically grouped:
"Deck1_b1", "Deck2_b1", "Deck3_b1"
— Shaft*: 8 ; Target Cell Size (0,0,0) ; Refinement diffusion: Global ; patches automatically grouped:
"Shaft_end_b1", "Shaft_b1"
— Hull_b1: 6 ; Target Cell Size (0,0,0) ; Refinement diffusion: Global
— Transom_b1: 8 ; Target Cell Size (0,0,0) ; Refinement diffusion: Global
— Bow_b1: 8 ; Target Cell Size (0,0,0) ; Refinement diffusion: Global
Global_FS: 7 ; Target cell size: (X: 74.9089, Y: 74.9089, Z: 0.0) ; Aspect Ratio 128 ; Refinement
diffusion: 3 ; Free surface has anisotropic refinement in Z-direction to provide a sufficient mesh
resolution for the wave elevation
• Box refinement:
— Sector #0: for the actuator disk zone; Refinement: 10 ; Target cell size: X=Y=Z=0.0 ; Refinement
diffusion: 3
— Sector #1: for the actuator disk wake; Refinement: 9 ; Target cell size: X=Y=Z=0.0 ; Refinement
diffusion: 3
• Trimming: all SOL patches are set to Used for trimming and MIR and EXT patches are defined as
Not used for trimming.
Snap to geometry
Buffer insertion of Type II for all edges on the Mirror plane and External boundaries edges
Optimize
Max nb of orthogonality optimization iterations: 5
Minimal orthogonality threshold: 5.0

Viscous layer
Viscous layers are defined and computed for Solid boundaries only and if the face name does not contain
the word "deck" since there is usually no need to insert viscous layers (viscous effects from the air part
are negligible).
Fixed first layer thickness Method
Floating number of layers:
Minimum number of layers: 11
Maximum number of layers: 22
Active with First layer thickness <0.005388>
for
Shaft: 13 layers
Hull_b1: 20 layers
Transom_b1: 13 layers
Bow_b1: 13 layers
B. Mesh Generation
Multithreading
2.1 Click the Start button in the Mesh Wizard to generate the mesh.

The generated mesh looks like the picture below with around 1.2M cells.

The quality of the mesh can be improved here by generating the Fine mesh. For the current sample
study a medium mesh is considered to be sufficient.
2.2 Once the mesh is generated, click the Go back to the project setup button to start
FINE™/Marine GUI.
2.3 Click on Yes to save the generated mesh.

Click here to finish the setup...
3.1.4 Part II - Flow Settings & Post Processing
A. C-Wizard Part II: Flow Settings
Estimate Hydrostatic Values
1.1.1. Check the computed values.

This part of the C-Wizard will provide the Estimation of hydrostatic values for the present
study: the Displacement and Coordinates of the Center of Gravity. This part refers to the
domhydro calculations (see the FINE™/Marine user guide for more explanations on the
domhydro tool).
1.1.2. Check the computed values and click on Next to finalize flow settings setup.

Flow Settings
The automated C-Wizard setup will create 3 computations :
The computation C2_ 18.000kt has the following settings. They can be checked in the
FINE™/Marine interface.
Time configuration:
Steady
Fluid model:
Salt water at 15°C/Air
Flow model:
Reference length: 243.844m
Reference velocity: 9.259929m/s
Boundary conditions:
l SOLID
l Deck: SLIP
l all the rest SOLID: WALL FUNCTION with a sand grain height of 3e-05m.

l EXTERNAL
l Zmax, Zmin: PRESCRIBED PRESSURE, updated hydrostatic pressure
l Xmin, Xmax, Ymax: FAR FIELD
l MIRROR: Ymin_SYM
Body definition:
All the solid patches are grouped together and called "Vessel" for the body
Body motion:
Motion definition:
l Tz0,Ry1 Solved: Free trim and sink DOF's
l Tx is imposed as ½ sinusoidal ramp profile: acceleration speed from 6.173328m/s to the final
value of 9.259992m/s
Cardan Angles activated
Quasi-Static (QS) approach activated in Hull mode.

This method is applied to relax the condition of small time step required by the coupling of the flow
motion and the Newton's law. The QS method decreases the CPU time and remain stable even for the
larger time step. This method is based on a succession of predicted body attitudes.
Dynamic parameters:

Mesh management: default
Initial solution:
Restart from the previous computation: C1_12.000kt
Additional models:
Actuator disc activated with the settings imposed in the C-Wizard
Numerical parameters: Adaptive grid refinement
l Refinement criterion type: Free surface (tensor)
l Target grid spacing normal to free surface: 0.31967
l Criterion diffusion: 2 layers copying full criterion value and 0 for fraction of value
l Boundary layer protection: Longitudinal direction only
l Box: Directional refinement only (X,Y around the ship area and Z everywhere)
l Control
l 200 steps before the first call of refinement procedure
l 25 steps between calls to refinement procedure

Control variables:
l The Number of time steps is set to 1200.
l The Time step value is computed based on the reference length and reference velocity:

Convergence tab:
l Activate convergence booster is selected.
l The Convergence checker is active and will check for the drag, trim and sinkage values
oscillations to be less than 1% of their mean value to stop the computation.

Outputs
Motion & force variables:
l Translation variables: Tx0, Tz0
l Velocity variables: Vx0, Vz0
l Acceleration variables: Ax0, Az0
l Force decomposition: Global frame
l Rotation variables: Rotation, Ry1
l Angular velocity variables: dRy1
l Angular acceleration variables: d2Ry1

B. Launch & Control Computation
2.1. Click on Save Project icon to save the project.
2.2. Go to the Task Manager by clicking on the icon

2.3. The Computation resources options was active in the C- Wizard and now the 3
computations are prepared and queued one after the other:
2.4 The number of partitions is automatically set to the earlier specified value of <8>, or the
maximum number of cores available in the machine. Change this value if needed.

It is not compulsory to set this number of partitions. When set to 7, the computation will take
approximately 10,5 hours on Linux 64-bit OS, Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3370 CPU @ (3.4 GHz, 8 cores,
16 GB RAM)
2.5. Select the computation C1_12.000kt and Click on Start button to start it.
When the solver finishes the computation, the Task Manager will display the computation status
it in the TASK MANAGER INFO window and the next queued computation will start
automatically.
2.6. While the computations are running the Monitor can be used to check the evolution of
the quantities.
In the Quantities to display menu, it is possible to select the quantities (residuals, forces,
moments, motions and actuator disk variables) for which one would like to follow the
convergence history or check the computed values.
Multiple components or quantities from different runs can be displayed together as presented
below. The button Add can be used to open several computations at the same time and compare
their results.

FIGURE 3.1
Residuals evolution
In the Residuals page, activate log scale to see the orders of magnitude the residuals have
decreased. And set the minimum Iterations value to remove initial peaks. The residuals by
themselves do not give us enough information to check convergence, forces and solved motions
should also be checked for stability.
FIGURE 3.2
Drag evolution and averaged value on the last 10% of each computation

The Draw average of last X% option should be used over a stable part of the computation to
obtain average results and avoid taking the value of a single time step. The Results analyis tool
will be presented in the next section with more post-processing options.
FIGURE 3.3
Trim angle (Ry) evolution in the three computations
The angle units can be switched beteen radians or degrees.

FIGURE 3.4
Actuator disk thrust
In this case the thrust of the actuator disk matches the drag of the hull. Note that the force value is
given for half the geometry, while the actuator disk thrust is given for the full disk.
C. Post Processing
Results analysis tool
Once the three computations have finished, select them under the list of computations and start the
results analysis tool by clicking on the icon .

3.1.1 Activate Perform resistance curve
3.1.2 In specific quantities select Fx (total drag), FxV (viscous drag), FxP (pressure drag), Fz and
the solved motions Tz0 (sinkage) and Ry1 (trim angle).
3.1.3 Under Other quantities select Number of cells, Actuator disk thrust and torque and Wetted
surface area.

3.1.4 In Analysis options activate the options shown in the image:
l Average efforts and motions over the last 10% with a Convergence criterion of 1%. In the
plots a green dotted line will be shown where this condition is first met: the amplitude of
oscillation of the signal remains below 1% of the average during 10% of the computed time.
The convergence is checked separately for each quantity selected: some quantities will
stabilize very quicly while others might not reach this level of convergence.
l Draw average line
l Draw convergence line
l Apply a Moving average with a window of 5 time steps to efforts and motions to display a
smooth signal.

3.1.5 In Plot options select
l Double the drag Fx for a half body simulation to obtain plots with the complete hull drag.
l Use absolute values to have plots showing drag as a positive value.
l Change the angle unit to Degrees.

3.1.6 Click on Perform to run the analysis. It will create a new folder in the computation directory
named Convergence_report_<date>_<time>.
On this folder the user will find the plots of all selected quantities versus Froude number.

FIGURE 3.5
Drag vs Froude number plot.

FIGURE 3.6
Trim angle vs. Froude number plot.
Inside the global folder, a folder per computation is created. In this sub-folders, like C1_12.000kt,
the file computed_data.dat is saved. It contains the averaged values for each quantity and the
time and number of time steps needed to reach convergence for each quantity. Besides, the plots
of each quantity evolution during the computation are stored.

FIGURE 3.7
Evolution of drag during the 12kt computation (blue), average value over the last 10% of time
steps (black) and point where convergence for drag was reached (green).

FIGURE 3.8
Evolution of the number of cells in the mesh due to Adaptive grid refinement in the 12kt
computation.
CFView™
3.2.1. To start the Post-processing, click on the CFView icon of the FINE™/Marine toolbar.
3.2.2. In the appearing selection menu, keep the Traveling shot based on Vessel and activate
Tx0 to open. This way the post-processing "camera" will remain centered on the ship. Click the
Ok button.

3.2.3 Once in CFView, use the Open button to load the other two computation's results. The .cfv
file in each computation folder needs to be selected.
3.2.4 Use Window > Tile Views to show the three computations results at the same time.
3.2.5 Click on one view to select it (the view frame will be highlighted in red) and use View >
Maximize if at some point during the next steps you want to work on only one result.
In the current tutorial, the free surface, hydrodynamic pressure and wake flow parameters are
chosen for the visualization.
The following steps should be performed on each result:
3.2.6 Mirror the results with Shift+R. This option is also available in Geometry > Repetition
on/off.
3.2.7 Solid body rendering:
l Use Macros > Group patches by type and select the Solid patches group
l Remove the boundary edges and activate solid rendering. Under Material, open the menu and
change the rendering color to a lighter gray. Lower the solid opacity to 70%.

3.2.8 Free surface representation:
l Use Macros > Represent free surface
l Use the Set range button to set the same range from 7.7 to 11.8 in all results. Press Enter
to apply it.

l To apply the same view in all results, activate one view, click on the = key and select the
reference view.
l When all views are ready go to File > Print to save images. Select Active View to save only
one result image or Graphics Window to save the three results image. Deactivate Frame and
adjust the Quality value depending on the image's purpose.
l All steps performed can be recovered as python macros in File > Macro > Save All. This can
become useful to automate post-processing when you gain experience with the program.

l Press Ctrl+d or go to Update > Delete > All to restore each view to its initial clean state.
3.2.9 To represent the hydrodynamic pressure, the steps to perform are:
l select all Solid patches on the Surfaces menu,
l select Hydrodynamic pressure in Quantities,
l click on in the Contours & Iso Values.

l Change the colormap with: Update > Colormap > Matlab style > Reset jet

3.2.10 The next step will be using the Wake flow tool to visualize the velocity field in the
propeller location.
l Use or Window > Close to close all views except the 24kt result.
l Select the Macros > Wake_flow_tool.
As an Actuator disk was activated in the C- Wizard setup, the tool proposes the disk location by
default
l Keep these values and press Go.

l The tool will recompute the flow field in a cylindrical cut and open three new views with the
axial, radial and tangential flow components.
l The information is also stored in the file wake_flow.txt in the computation folder.

4.1 C-WIZARD OPEN WATER APPLICATION
4.1.1 Introduction
A propeller open water simulation is a classical marine application of CFD. Simplifying and
automating its complete simulation setup would decrease the required engineering time, allowing
the user to easily and quickly obtain the open water performance curve. For these purposes the C-
Wizard mode is introduced into FINE™/Marine software.
The model scale propeller DTMB 4119 is employed here to calculate its performance:
l Propeller diameter: 0.3048m;
l Propeller revolution rate: 600rpm;
l Water inflow velocity: 2.54m/s;
l Water density: 1,026kg/m³;
l Water kinematic viscosity: 1.189e-6 m²/s.
Water properties correspond to salt water at 15 degrees Celsius of the ITTC standards. Even
though only the computation corresponding to the operating point is performed, it is also
explained how to set up the computation to obtain the open water performance curve.
B. Objectives
The goal of this tutorial is to provide guidelines/ best practices for an open water calculation
through step-by-step instructions for the C-Wizard mode. Through its realization, the user will
learn how to:
l Use the wizard mode integrated into the FINE™/Marine interface called the C-Wizard;
l Set up an open water simulation;
l Generate a computational mesh in an automatic mode.

C. Methodology
The present tutorial follows the general worflow of the C- Wizard mode, stressing and
highlighting the particularities of an open water application.
It is structured in five main sections:
l Part I describes the complete automatic project, mesh and flow solver setup.
l Part II and Part III describe in detail the mesh and flow solver setup respectively. These steps
are optional because they intend to enlarge user's knowledge about the workflow in
HEXPRESS™ and FINE™/Marine but they are not strictly necessary for a smooth
experience while doing this tutorial.
l Part IV deals with launching the computation with the Task Manager tool and monitoring its
evolution with the Monitor tool.
l Part V is entirely devoted to the post-processing of the results, both global quantities with the
Result Analysis tool and field quantities with CFView™.
Since this tutorial consists of detailed information about physical and numerical parameters
automatically imposed during the setup procedures, the user is invited to check the shell/ bash
window since relevant information will be displayed there during the process.
D. CPU Prerequisites
l 4GB of RAM;
l 64bits machine with 48 cores (minimum 24 cores).
E. Estimated Engineering and Computing Time

l C-Wizard automatic setup: 5minutes;
Computing time (no user interaction required): 3hours for 5 physical seconds of simulation but
convergence is reached after 75minutes of computation.

F. Preparation
1. Locate and copy the file Acoustic_DTMB4119_cf.x_t into your working directory (download
Basic tutorial archive).
2. Start FINE™/Marine v10.2
4.1.2 Part I: Automatic Setup (Project, Mesh and Flow

Solver)
1. Click on Using the C-Wizard button to launch the wizard and then on Ok to confirm.
The C-Wizard plugin creates its own project as a step of the project setup procedure.
C-Wizard can also be launched by going to Plugins, then to Predefined and selecting the first
part of the wizard by clicking on C-Wizard_Part_l.
This first part of the wizard provides the user with a menu for the input parameters, extra
numerical models conditions, the domain creation and the mesh configuration setup.
If the C- Wizard is started when there is a project already opened in FINE™/Marine, a warning

window will appear asking for the action to execute.
To save the ongoing project settings select No, then save the project and return to the Plugins menu
to relaunch the C-Wizard_Part_l.
It is recommended to start the C-Wizard mode computation from the empty FINE™/Marine interface
since there will be a full-chain project setup provided. Selecting Yes in the warning window will
close the opened project without saving it and a new setup procedure will be started.
A. Project Management
2. Create a project by clicking on Create project button in the Project management section. In
a browser define the project name in the directory of your choice.

3. In the Application section, select Open Water .
4. In the Wizard units section select <deg>, <m>, <m/s>, <rpm>.
5. Click on the Next>> button to move to the Body configuration menu.

B. Body Configuration
6. In the Input geometry section, select Parasolid/CATPart and click on the Import
Parasolid/CATPart file button ('*.x_t' and '*.CATPart' formats are available here). Download
the Basic Tutorial Archive.
Import the downloaded Parasolid file Acoustic_DTMB4119_cf.x_t.
7. In the Fluid orientation section, select Negative X-axis.
8. In the Sense of rotation of the propeller section, select Y -> Z.
The DTMB 4119 is a right handed propeller.
9. In the Center of the propeller (propeller frame) section, select User-defined and keep the
coordinates (0,0,0).
10. In the Is the body aligned with the X-axis? section, select Yes.
11. In the Reference length definition section, select Automatic (=Radius).
After the previous settings, the Body configuration page should look as shown in the next figure.

12. Click on the Next>> button to move to the Flow definition menu.
C. Flow Definition
13. In the Advance ratio section, select Define speeds

14. In the Performance curve section, select Fix flow speed
15. In the Rotational speeds list set the speed to <600> [rpm].

To prescribe a performance curve with a constant increment:
1. prescribe the lower boundary
2. prescribe the higher boundary
3. prescribe the increment
4. press Enter
The list of speeds is automatically generated.
Otherwise, directly enter a list of computational points separated by spaces or commas.
16. In the Flow speed section, set the flow speed to <2.54> [m/s].
17. Keep Independent computations selected.
By defining the computation profile as Successive restarts or Independent computations it is

possible to restart from the previous computation (in the Initial solution menu of the FINE™/Marine
interface) or to have independent computations starting from initial value each time. If Successive
restarts is chosen, the CPU time will be decreased since the computation "i" will be initialized with
the converged solution of the computation "i-1".
Successive restarts are only possible if the flow speed is fixed.
18. In the Scale Input data (Reynolds number similarity) section, do not activate the Scaling
factor.
19. In the Fluid model section, click on Water properties database button and choose salt
water at 15 degrees Celsius. Click on Ok button to validate these new properties.
After the previous settings, the Flow definition menu should look as shown in the next figure.

20. Click on the Next>> button to move to the Additional inputs menu.
D. Additional Inputs

21. Adjust the number of cores to use on the local machine to run the simulation (otherwise
deactivate this option).
22. Click on the Next>> button to move to the Mesh setup menu.
E. Mesh Setup
23. In the Mesh density section, select Medium
Refinements on patches are applied according to their names and to the mesh density level. Indeed,
names and mesh density level are defined in the Refinement dictionary.
24. In the Extra refinement of the wake field section, select Yes.
Thanks to this option, an additional cylindrical sector with isotropic refinements is defined to
accurately capture the wake field and vortical structures such as the tip and hub vortices.
25. In the Merge faces with the same name section, select Yes.
Here the sensitive part of the computational project is merging. The way merging is done can
influence the computational process and results. Two options are available in the C- Wizard mode:
Merge faces with the same name and/ or Merge tangential faces.
For C-Wizard projects, the priority is Merge faces with the same name . The reason is that the
propeller, by experience, can be generally represented by several common parts like: shaft, hub, cap,
tip, trailing edge, leading edge, pressure side and suction side. It is up to the user to define how many
parts will be present in the model. By defining patch names inside a CAD software, such as CADfix,
the user will ensure that groups of patches with the same name will be correctly defined depending on
the computation specifics. Once names are defined, the C-Wizard will automatically perform merging
and apply mesh parameters.
26. In the Merge tangential faces section, select No.

This option is exactly the same as the one in HEXPRESS™ (Domain Manipulation) and when
activated it checks if the neighboring patch has a tangent angle greater than a specified one and
merge if it is greater. This method is especially helpful when the imported geometry contains a big
number of patches.
27. Click on the Advanced>> button to check the additional parameters.
28. In the Domain size section, keep Automatic selected.
The default domain is set to a cylinder of total length 8D and a diameter of 6D. The center of the
propeller is located at 2D from the inflow boundary and 3D from the lateral surface of the
cylinder.

29. In the Triangulation density section, select Fine.
30. In the Y+ value section, select Automatic and <Y+=30> will be considered, which
corresponds to a wall-function computation.
31. In the Refinement dictionary file (*.csv) section, select Default (installation directory).
Refinement dictionary summary for open water applications
The refinement dictionary file contains the mesh setup for an open water computation. The next
table summarizes from the refinement dictionary the refinement parameters of the main patches of
an open water application. Criteria, the number of refinements and the diffusion level are provided
for each mesh density level (Coarse/ Medium/ Fine).
Patch name Criteria Number of Diffusion

refinements
'Shaft', 'Hub' Target (0,0,0) / Target (0,0,0) 5 / 6 / 7 Global / Global
/ Target (0,0,0) / Global
'Blade', 'Suction_side', 'Ss', Target (0,0,0) / Target (0,0,0) 5 / 6 / 7 Global / Global
'Pressure_side' and 'Ps' / Target (0,0,0) / Global
'Tip' Target (0,0,0) / Target (0,0,0) 8 / 9 / 10 Global / 3 / 4
/ Target (0,0,0)
'Cap' Target (0,0,0) / Target (0,0,0) 6 / 7 / 8 Global / Global
/ Target (0,0,0) / Global
'Leading_edge', 'Trailing_edge' and Target (0,0,0) / Target (0,0,0) 7 / 8 / 9 3/4/4
'Anti_singing_edge' / Target (0,0,0)
Note: the global diffusion level is equal to 2.

After the previous settings, the Mesh setup menu should look as shown in the next figure.

32. Click on Start mesh set-up button to start the domain creation and the mesh setup. The user
can check the shell to see the process in action.
An information window will appear reporting that the first part of the C- wizard has been
successfully finished.

From this moment the user can either manually check the mesh definition and then manually
generate it, or continue with the C-wizard work-flow that will automatically generate the mesh.
The user is kindly invited to manually check the mesh to better understand the HEXPRESS™
work-flow and the parameters involved in the mesh setup.
33. Click on the Manually check the mesh first button to activate the HEXPRESS™ interface
(see image below) without immediately starting the mesh generation.
4.1.3 Part II: Manual Mesh Generation (optional)
Multithreading
Based on all the previous input, HEXPRESS™ will take the following actions:

Domain creation, with merging by name performed according to the
names of the patches
The next figure illustrates the computational domain with the propeller inside.
Since Merge faces with the same name was selected, all the patches with the same name were
merged.

Boundary conditions definition
Clicking on the Boundary conditions button the user can check how the external boundary
conditions of the domain were automatically defined and named: xmin, cylinder_side and xmax
correspond to the outlet, lateral and inlet boundaries respectively.

Mesh setup
The mesh settings can be accessed through the Mesh Wizard menu of HEXPRESS™.
The next tables summarize the information and parameters contained in each section of the Mesh
Wizard menu.
Menu Submenu Geometry Parameters

Initial 18,432 cells
mesh

Adapt to Global Maximum number of refinements: 12
geometry
Curve Blade_ Maximum number of refinements: 8
refinement edges* Target cell size: (0,0,0)
Refinement diffusion: 4
*automatically grouped 'Curve 6', 'Curve 22' and 'Curve 31'
Surface Shaft* Maximum number of refinements: 5
refinement Target cell size: (5.7e-3,2.85e-3,2.85e-3)
Refinement diffusion: Global
*automatically grouped 'shaft_end' and 'shaft'
Tip* Maximum number of refinements: 9
Target cell size: (0,0,0)
*automatically grouped 3 x 'tip'
Blade* Maximum number of refinements: 6
Target cell size: (0,0,0)
*automatically grouped 3 x 'pressure_side' and 3 x 'suction_side'
Trailing_ Maximum number of refinements: 8
edge* Target cell size: (0,0,0)
*automatically grouped 3 x 'trailing_edge'
Box Sector #0 Maximum number of refinements: 8
refinement Target cell size: (7.607e-03,7.607e-03,7.607e-03)
Volumic (activated)
Trimming xmin (inlet) and xmax (outlet) not used for trimming
Snap to Buffer insertion of Type II for all edges resulting from the
geometry intersection of the blades with the hub and for the edges on the
outlet and inlet boundaries. For all the rest, Type I is assigned.
Optimize Max nb of orthogonality optimization iterations: 5 Minimal
orthogonality threshold: 5.0

Viscous Viscous layers are defined and computed for Solid boundaries
layer only and are deactivated for tip and trailing edge.
Floating number of layers: Minimum number of layers = 4 |
Maximum number of layers = 8
Active with First layer thickness <1.523e-04>
Blade: 6 layers
Mesh generation
Click on the Start button in the Mesh Wizard menu to generate the mesh.
The mesh has a total number of cells of 7,516,260 including the viscous layer insertion.
Click on the Grid button in the HEXPRESS™ toolbar, select Mesh Quality ... and then use the
drop-down list of the Criterion section to check the value of each quality criterion. The next table
summarizes the most relevant criterion to be analyzed.

TABLE 4.1 Mesh quality summary for the Medium mesh density level.
Criterion Value
Negative / Concave / Twisted cells 0/0/0
Minimum orthogonality 8.89 deg
Maximum cell non-orthogonality 18.52 (only one cell, else 13.8) deg
Maximum aspect ratio 9.56
Maximum expansion ratio 6.90
By generating the Fine mesh (41,944,521 cells) the quality of the grid can be improved but with a
larger computational effort. This improvement is reflected on these new values for the selected
criterion:
TABLE 4.2 Mesh quality summary for Fine mesh density level.
Criterion Value
Maximum cell non-orthogonality 4.38 deg
Maximum aspect ratio 4.48
Before computing the whole performance curve, it is advisable to perform a mesh convergence study
with at least three geometrically embedded grids (Coarse, Medium and Fine) for a given operating
point.
Click on Go back to project set-up button to start FINE™/Marine GUI.

Click on Yes button to save the generated mesh.
4.1.4 Part III: Manual Flow Solver Setup (optional)
Based on all the previous input, FINE™/Marine will set up the flow solver. The parameters
automatically defined during Part I can be checked through the Parameters section.

Detailed flow solver input parameters
Physical Sub- Geometry Parameters

configuration menu
General Time configuration: Unsteady
parameters
Fluid model Salt water at 15 degrees Celsius
Flow model Regime/ Turbulence model: EASM
Reference velocity: 7.16m/s
Boundary Solid All: Wall-function except the shaft (slip wall)
conditions
External xmin Prescribed pressure, Frozen pressure
cylinder_ Far field
side, xmax Velocity Vx = -2.54m/s
Body All solid patches are grouped together and called 'Propeller'
definition for the body. Also, blades and the shaft are grouped in
separated sub-bodies.
Body motion Motion Rx0 is imposed as 1/2 sinusoidal ramp. Acceleration from 0
definition to 62.83rad/s in 60 time steps.

Physical (continuation)
configuration
Mesh Domain mesh
management management
Source of Propeller
domain rigid
motion
Mesh Rigid motion: Rx0
displacement
definition
Rotating Activate rotating frame method
frame
Initial solution General Uniform values
settings
Initial velocity (Vx, Vy, Vz) = (-2.54, 0, 0) m/s
Additional No additional models are used
models
Numerical Default values
parameters

configuration
Computation Control When dealing with a simulation to reach a steady-state solution, it is
control variables enough to keep 2 non-linear iterations as well as a convergence
criteria of 2 orders.
When using the rotating frame approach, it is advisable to use 20
time steps per revolution.

Computation control (continuation)
Outputs Motion and force variables Rotation variables: Rx0
Angular velocity variables dRx0
Angular acceleration variables d2Rx0
Force decomposition Global frame
Optional output variables Viscous stress (fluid to wall)
Y+
Helicity
Second invariant
Turbulent dissipation

4.1.5 Part IV: Computation Launch & Control
34. Click on the Save Project button to save the project.
35. Click on Solver/Start button to start the computation, activate Parallel in Launching
mode section to select parallel computation and then click on Ok to go the Task Manager tool.
A. Task Manager tool
36. In the Task Arguments & Characteristics section, increase the Number of partitions up to
<48>.
37. For Linux , click on the Save Batch File button and then on the Start button to start the
computation.
For a job submission on a cluster see Parallel Computations.

Once the solver has finished the computation, the Task Manager displays the computation status
in the TASK MANAGER INFO window, where the status is "finished" for pre-processing,
solver and post-processing.
B. Monitor tool
38. It is also possible to check the results history through the Monitor tool during the run or when
the computation is finished by clicking on the Start Monitor button .
In the Quantities to display section, the user can select the quantities (residuals, forces,
momentum and motions variables) for which one would like to check the convergence history or
the computed values. Multiple components or quantities from different runs can be displayed
together as presented below.
FIGURE 4.1
Propeller thrust

FIGURE 4.2
Propeller torque
The time span of the plots of the propeller thrust and torque starts at 0.5 s to exclude the large
initial transients which preclude the analyst from observing the details of the time evolution of
these global quantities.
4.1.6 Part V: Post-Processing
In this last section of the tutorial, the post-processing of the computation is presented. First with
the Result Analysis tool integrated into FINE™/Marine for studying the convergence of quantities
such as forces, moments, motions etc. Secondly with CFView™ to analyze in depth field
quantities such as the pressure, the velocity and its second invariant.
A. Result Analysis tool
39. Click on the Result Analysis button in the FINE™/Marine toolbar.

40. In the Quantities selection section, select only Fx and Mx to analyze the thrust and torque
respectively.

41. In the Analysis options section, select Average efforts. Set the parameters Average values
over the last to <10>% and Convergence criterion to <1>%. The former means that the
averaging will be performed over the 10% of the simulation starting from the end. The latter is
used to compute the CPU time, physical time and iteration number at which the convergence was
reached according to the Convergence criterion . A more detailed explanation on the
convergence criterion and filters can be found in FINE™/Marine documentation (see Criterion
for average calculations and convergence).
42. Click on the Perform button to start the analysis. Within the computation folder one new
folder named Convergence_report_date_time is created containing a file named convergence_
report.info and another folder named as the computation itself. The *.info file is a text file
summarizing the inputs introduced in the Result Analysis tool.
The Convergence report (computed_data.dat file)
The resulting file from the convergence analysis is represented here below. It represents an extract
of the complete file.
Convergence report
==================
Project: /OW_CWizard_Tutorial/OW_CWizard_Medium_Grid/OW_CWizard_Medium_
Grid.iec
Computation: computation_600.0rpm
Mesh: /OW_CWizard_Tutorial/OW_CWizard_Medium_Grid/_mesh/Acoustic_DTMB4119_
cf.igg
Average values

Quantity Average Min Max Std. deviation
Fx(Propeller) 1.2705585e+02 1.2705050e+02 1.2706070e+02 3.4871588e-03
Mx(Propeller) -7.8685505e+00 -7.8686330e+00 -7.8684850e+00 4.3543005e-05
CPU time and convergence
Quantity CPU_Time Physical_Time Iteration

Fx(Propeller) 0:53 1.3200000e+00 264
Mx(Propeller) 0:46 1.1500000e+00 230
Once the solution is converged, it is compared with the experimental data. The next table
summarizes the most relevant global quantities and compares experimental measurements with the
numerical simulation. The good agreement between the computation and the measurements can
be noted.
TABLE 4.3 Comparison between experiments and CFD.
Quantity Experiments FINE™/Marine Comparison error

Kt 0.1426 0.1434 0.60%
10Kq 0.2948 0.2914 1.13%
Efficiency 0.6444 0.6527 1.30%
If the option Performance curve had been chosen in the Flow Definition section with a rotational
speed ranging from 600 rpm to 800 rpm and a speed increment of 50 rpm, the illustration of Kt,
10Kq and Efficiency for theses speeds would have led to the next plot. Once more, the good
agreement between FINE™/Marine and experimental measurements is remarkable.

B. CFView™
43. In the FINE™/Marine toolbar, click on the CFView™ button to start the post-processing
of the flow field.
44. In the appearing menu Select result to open in CFView keep the Traveling shot based on
Propeller and do not activate Rx0, Ry0 and Rz0 to open. Click on the Ok button.
In the current tutorial pressure distribution, axial velocity and its second invariant colored by the
helicity are chosen for visualization.
45. In the CFView™ toolbar, click on the Macros menu and then select Group_patches_by_
type in order to ease the organization of the surfaces inside the Surfaces section.
The next pictures show the organization of the surfaces before and after the execution of the
macro.

FIGURE 4.3
Before macro execution
FIGURE 4.4
After macro execution
46. Visualization of the pressure (normal stress) distribution on the propeller. The steps to perform
are:
l Keep the default selection in the Surfaces menu (all solid surfaces are selected);
l Select Pressure (normal stress) in Quantities menu;
l Click on the Smooth contour button in Contours & Iso Values section;

l Click on the Colormap Set Range button and enter the values -6500 6000 to adjust the
colormap range.
l Left-click on the colormap to select it and maintain a right-click to select the option "Smooth
only".
l Click once on the Y button in the viewing icon bar to set the normal of the view to the Y-axis.
l Press F1 on the keyboard to activate the dynamic viewing and roll the middle mouse button to
zoom in or out.
47. Visualization of the pressure (normal stress) distribution in the fluid. The steps to perform are:
l Keep the default selection in the Surfaces menu (all solid surfaces are selected);
l Under the Representations panel, apply the Render Gouraud from the Grid menu;
l Right click on ‘Solid’ group from the Surfaces panel and then on ‘Remove from Selection’ in
the Surfaces menu to deselect the solid surfaces;
l Choose Create Cutting Plane from the Geometry menu or click on the Cut button in the
Surfaces panel;
l Define the cutting plane:
l Point: (0,0,0);
l Normal: (0,1,0);
l Click on the Apply button and Save to save the cutting plane as a surface.
l Select Pressure (normal stress) in Quantities menu;

l Click on the Smooth contour button in Contours & Iso Values section;
l Click on the Colormap Set Range button and enter the values -9000 1700 to adjust the
colormap range;
48. Visualization of the axial velocity distribution in the fluid field. The steps to perform are:
l Right click on ‘Solid’ group from the Surfaces panel and then on ‘Select’ in the Surfaces
menu to select the solid surfaces only;
l In the top bar, click on the Quantitymenu, Field Data, Vector Components, Velocity and
then on Velocity_X;
l Click on the Smooth contour button in the Contours & Iso Values section;
l Click on the Colormap Set Range button and enter the values -4.0 0.5 to adjust the
colormap range.

49. Visualization of the distribution in the fluid of the second invariant of the velocity colored by
the helicity. The steps to perform are:
l In the Surfaces menu, right click on the cut plane and delete it;
l Click on Quantity, Field Data, Vortex Detection, Q Invariant and Velocity;
l Click on the Iso Surface button in the Contours & Iso Values section, enter a positive
value of the second invariant, <50> for the present tutorial, to define the iso-surface and click
again on the same button to save it. This iso-surface will appear in the Surfaces menu and will
be represented graphically with its triangulation;
l In Representations panel, select Toogle Grid under the Grid section;
l Make sure that the created Iso surface (‘ISO Q Invariant (Velocity) ) and the solid patches are
selected;
l Select Helicity in the Quantities menu;
l Click on the Smooth contour button in Contours & Iso Values section.

5.1 C-WIZARD PLANING REGIME
5.1.1 Introduction
A high Froude number simulation is a complex marine application of CFD, as it requires accurate
meshing and settings to compute correctly the high velocity flows. Simplifying and automating its
complete simulation setup would decrease the required engineering time, allowing the user to
easily and quickly setup and launch those cases. For these purposes the C-Wizard in Planing
regime mode is introduced into FINE™/Marine software. This is the dedicated mode for high
Froude number computations. It has the particularity to automatically place the boat close to its
final position using the Savitsky prediction method, to accelerate the convergence.
The Naples Systematic Series C1 model is employed here to calculate its performances:
l Reference length = 2.611 m;
l Velocity = 7.0 m/s; Froude number = 1.38;
l Mass = 106.7 kg;
l Maximum beam at waterline = 0.743 m;
l Mean deadrise angle = 14.0 deg;
l Thrust line to CoG distance = 0.193 m;
l Thrust line to keel line angle = 0.0 deg
l Water density = 999.1026 kg/m³;
l Water dynamic viscosity = 0.001138 Pa.s.
Water properties correspond to fresh water at 15 degrees Celsius of the ITTC standards.
References
"The Naples warped hard chine hulls systematic series" , F. De Luca, C. Pensa
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.04.038
"Towards CFD guidelines for planing hull simulations based on the Naples Systematic Series", S.
Mancini et A. Ramolini, ECCOMAS Marine 2017

B. Objectives
The goal of this tutorial is to provide guidelines/ best practices for high Froude number calculation
through step-by-step instructions for the C-Wizard mode. Through its realization, the user will
learn how to:
l Use the wizard mode integrated into the FINE™/Marine interface called the C-Wizard;
l Set up a planing regime simulation;
l Generate a computational mesh in an automatic mode;
l Visualize the solutions.
C. Methodology
The present tutorial follows the general work flow of the C- Wizard mode, stressing and
highlighting the particularities of a Planing regime application.
It is structured in five main sections:
l Part I describes the complete automatic project, mesh and flow solver setup.
l Part II and Part III describe in detail the mesh and flow solver setup respectively. These steps
are optional because they intend to enlarge user's knowledge about the work- flow in
HEXPRESS™ and FINE™/Marine but they are not strictly necessary for a smooth
experience while doing this tutorial.
l Part IV deals with launching the computation with the Task Manager tool and monitoring its
evolution with the Monitor tool.
l Part V is entirely devoted to the post-processing of the results, both global quantities with the
Result Analysis tool and field quantities with CFView™.
Since this tutorial consists of detailed information about physical and numerical parameters
automatically imposed during the setup procedures, the user is invited to check the shell/ bash
window since relevant information will be displayed there during the process.
D. CPU Prerequisites
l 4 GB of RAM (minimum 3GB);
l 64 bits machine with 24 cores (minimum 12 cores).

E. Estimated Engineering and Computing Time

l C-Wizard automatic setup: 5 minutes;
l Post-processing: 30 minutes.
Computing time (no user interaction required): 8h50 to finish on 24 cores, but the convergence
within 1% was reached after 5h.
F. Preparation
1. Locate and copy the file C1_ssa_cf.x_t into your working directory (download Basic tutorial
archive).
2. Start FINE™/Marine v10.2
5.1.2 Part I: Automatic Setup (Project, Mesh and Flow

Solver)
1. Click on Using the C-Wizard button to launch the wizard and then on Ok to confirm.
The C-Wizard plugin creates its own project as a step of the project setup procedure.

C-Wizard can also be launched by going to Plugins, then to Predefined and selecting the first
part of the wizard by clicking on C-Wizard_Part_l.
This first part of the wizard provides the user with a menu for the input parameters, extra
numerical models conditions, the domain creation and the mesh configuration setup.
If the C- Wizard is started when there is a project already opened in FINE™/Marine, a warning
window will appear asking for the action to execute.
To save the ongoing project settings select No, then save the project and return to the Plugins menu
to relaunch the C-Wizard_Part_l.
It is recommended to start the C-Wizard mode computation from the empty FINE™/Marine interface
since there will be a full-chain project setup provided. Selecting Yes in the warning window will
close the opened project without saving it and a new setup procedure will be started.
A. Project Management
2. Create a project by clicking on Create project button in the Project management section. In
a browser define the project name in the directory of your choice.

3. In the Application section, select Planing Regime .
4. In the Wizard units section select <deg>, <m>, <m/s>.
5. Click on the Next >> button to move to the Body configuration menu.
B. Body Configuration
6. In the Input geometry section, select Parasolid/CATPart and click on the Import
Parasolid/CATPart file button ('*.x_t' and '*.CATPart' formats are available here). Download
the Basic Tutorial Archive.
Import the downloaded Parasolid file C1_ssa_cf.x_t.
7. The loaded geometry is the full body. Hence, select Entire body.
8. In the Body configuration section, select Cut body in two (with mirror plane).

9. In the Initial free surface position section, enter the value <0.1676899> [m].
10. Leave the Body mass section to automatic.
11. Leave the Center of gravity section to automatic.
12. In the Final position estimation section, keep Savitsky (Automatic) selected and enter the
following values:
l b = <0.743> [m]
l beta = <14.0> [deg]
l f = <0.193> [m]
l epsilon = <0.0> [deg]
13. Click on the Advanced >>> button and enter the value <-10> [%].
This value is a correction applied to the predicted pitch value. Indeed, the Savitsky prediction method
has shown the tendency to over predict the pitch. Hence, one propose to apply by default a - 30%
correction on the predicted pitch, which is accurate in most cases. In this case, the default value would
have required few extra time steps, hence the value of -10% is taken instead.
After the previous settings, the Body configuration menu should look as shown in the next
figure.

14. Click on the Next >> button to move to the Flow definition menu.
C. Flow Definition
15. In the Speed definition (positive value(s) ) section, set the Single speed to <7.0> [m/s].
16. In the Scale Input data (Froude number similarity) section, do not activate the Scaling
factor.
17. In the Fluid model section, leave the default values.

After the previous settings, the Flow definition menu should look as shown in the next figure.
18. Click on the Next >> button to move to the Additional inputs menu.
D. Additional Input
This menu allows to activate an Actuator disk and/or a Drag based external force. This could
be used to pull the boat by its exact propulsion point. It is also possible to activate the Adaptive
grid refinement on free surface to improve the mesh quality around the free surface
automatically during the computation, and hence obtain a better definition of the wave pattern. In
this tutorial none of these options is used, to accelerate the computation time. The Convergence
checker and wall roughness options are also left unchecked.
19. Finally, the number of cores per computation should be set to <48> under Computation
resources or the maximum number of cores available on your machine. This will automatically
set up the computation with the right number of cores in the Task Manager.

Using the Savitsky prediction method does not automatically set a propulsion force at the propeller
point. Actuator disk or External force have to be set separately from this page.
20. Click on the Next >> button to move to the Mesh setup menu.
E. Mesh Setup
21. In the Mesh density section, select Medium

Refinements on patches are applied according to their names and to the mesh density level. Indeed,
names and mesh density level are defined in the Refinement dictionary.
22. In the Extra refinement of wave field section, leave No.
Thanks to this option, an additional refinement sector (using the Kelvin angles) is defined to
accurately capture the wave system generated by the boat.
23. In the Merge faces with the same name? section, leave No.
Here the sensitive part of the computational project is merging. The way merging is done can
influence the computational process and results. Two options are available in the C- Wizard mode:
Merge faces with the same name and/ or Merge tangential faces.
24. In the Merge tangential faces? section, select Yes and enter the value <170.0> [deg]
This option is exactly the same as the one in HEXPRESS™ (Domain Manipulation) and when
activated it checks if the neighboring patch has a tangent angle greater than a specified one and merge
if it is greater. This method is especially helpful when the imported geometry contains a big number
of patches.
25. Click on the Advanced >>> button to check the additional parameters.
26. In the User-defined domain size section, do not activate it.
When not active, the default domain is set to a box with 1.5 LOA before the boat, 1.5 LOA below, 1.5
LOA on the side, 1 LOA above. The number of LOA behind the boat (in the wake) depends on the
Froude number: 3 LOA for Fr ≤ 1, 4 LOA for 1 < Fr < 1.5 and 5 LOA for Fr ≥ 1.5.
27. In the Triangulation density section, select Fine.

28. In the Y+ value section, select Automatic and Y+ will be automatically computed for a
computation with wall-functions.
29. In the Refinement dictionary file (*.csv) section, select Default (installation directory).
After the previous settings, the Mesh setup menu should look as shown in the next figure.

30. Click on Start mesh set-up button to start the domain creation and the mesh setup. The user
can check the shell to see the process in action.
An information window will appear reporting that the first part of the C- wizard has been
successfully finished. The Froude number is also given.

From this moment the user can either manually check the mesh definition and then manually
generate it, or continue with the C-wizard work-flow that will automatically generate the mesh.
The user is kindly invited to manually check the mesh to better understand the HEXPRESS™
work-flow and the parameters involved in the mesh setup.
31. Click on the Manually check the mesh first button to activate the HEXPRESS™ interface
(see image below) without immediately starting the mesh generation.
From the file savitsky.output stored in the project folder, one can retrieve the values of the Savitsky
prediction method.

5.1.3 Part II: Manual Mesh Generation (optional)
Multithreading
Based on all the previous input, HEXPRESS™ will take the following actions:
Domain creation, with merging by tangency performed
The next figure illustrates the computational domain with the half boat inside.

Since Merge tangential faces was selected with the value <170.0> [deg], all the adjacent patches
with an angle between 170 and 180 degrees were merged.

Boundary conditions definition
Clicking on the Boundary conditions button the user can check how the external boundary
conditions of the domain were automatically defined and named in accordance with the global
reference frame: ymin_SYM, zmax, xmin, ymax, zmin and xmax.
Mesh setup
The mesh settings can be accessed through the Mesh Wizard menu of HEXPRESS™.
The next tables summarize the information and parameters contained in each section of the Mesh
Wizard menu.

Initial 2,688 cells
mesh
Adapt to Global Maximum number of refinements: 12
geometry
Curve Curve 24, Maximum number of refinements: 8
refinement Curve 27* Target cell size: (0, 0, 0)
*edges between Hull and Transom: to ensure a good definition
of the flow detachment expected at the dry transom
Surface Hull* Maximum number of refinements: 6
refinement Target cell size: (0, 0, 0)
*automatically grouped 'HULL_LOWER' and 'HULL_UPPER'
CHINE Maximum number of refinements: 9
Target cell size: (0, 0, 0)
DECK Maximum number of refinements: 4
TRANSOM Maximum number of refinements: 8
Global_FS* Maximum number of refinements: 8
Target cell size: (0.4089, 0.4089, 0.00319)
Maximum aspect ratio: 128.0
*automatically grouped 3 x 'trailing_edge'
Box Box #0 Maximum number of refinements: 8
refinement Target cell size: (0.40890, 0.40890, 0.00319)
Volumic (activated)
Trimming All external boundaries are not used for trimming

Snap to Buffer insertion of Type II for all edges resulting from the
geometry intersection of the boat with the mirror plane ymin_SYM and for
the edges of the domain box. For all the rest, Type I is
assigned.
Optimize Max nb of orthogonality optimization iterations: 5 Minimal
orthogonality threshold: 5.0
Viscous Viscous layers are defined and computed for all Solid boundaries
layer and are deactivated for the DECK.
Floating number of layers: Minimum number of layers = 3 |
Maximum number of layers = 15
Active with First layer thickness <2.4254e-04>
Hull: 13 layers
CHINE: 5 layers
TRANSOM: 7 layers
Mesh generation
Click on the Start button in the Mesh Wizard menu to generate the mesh.

The mesh has a total number of cells of about 2.8 million cells including the viscous layer
insertion.
Click on the Grid button in the HEXPRESS™ toolbar, select Mesh Quality ... and then use the
drop-down list of the Criterion section to check the value of each quality criterion. The next table
summarizes the most relevant criterion to be analyzed.
TABLE 5.1 Mesh quality summary for the Medium mesh density level.
Criterion Value
Maximum cell non-orthogonality 32 deg
Click on Go back to project set-up button to start FINE™/Marine GUI.

Click on Yes button to save the generated mesh.
The following window appears, showing a summary of the values computed by the C-Wizard.
5.1.4 Part III: Manual Flow Solver Setup (optional)
Based on all the previous input, FINE™/Marine will set up the flow solver. The parameters
automatically defined during Part I can be checked through the Parameters section.

Detailed flow solver input parameters
Physical Sub-menu Geometry Parameters

configuration
General Time configuration: Steady
parameters
Fluid model Fresh water at 15 degrees Celsius
Flow model Regime/ Turbulence model: k-omega (SST-Menter)
Reference velocity: 7.0 m/s
Boundary Solid All except DECK: Wall-function
conditions DECK: Slip (zero shear stress)
External zmax, zmin Prescribed pressure: Updated hydrostatic pressure
xmin, Far field
xmax,
ymax
Mirror ymin_SYM
Body All solid patches are grouped together and called 'Vessel'
definition for the body.
Body motion Motion Activated
definition Pitch : Ry1 = -0.067055788693 Rad, corresponds to the
dynamic angle computed with Savitsky
Tx0 is imposed as Constant with a speed of 7.0 m/s
Tz0 and Ry1 are Solved
Other degrees of freedom are Fixed
Dynamic Inertial data:
parameters Half body
Center of gravity (0.9438475, 0, 0.351816288442) m, Z-
coordinate updated with the dynamic heave computed with
Savitsky
Mass 106.7295 kg
Inertia matrix shown in the following pictures.

configuration
Mesh Domain mesh
management management
Source of domain Vessel
rigid motion
Mesh displacement Rigid motion: Tx0
definition Weighted deformation: Tz0, Ry0
Initial solution General settings Uniform values
Initial velocity (Vx, Vy, Vz) = (0, 0, 0) m/s
Multi-Fluid Interface position (z) = 0.1676899 m
Additional No additional models are used
models
Numerical Additional The goal here is to kill the potential numerical ventilation that
parameters parameters could appear under the hull.
Activate streaking correction:
Aggressive method
Computation
control
Computation General As this computation is made to reach a steady state computation and the
control boat is placed in a position closed to the final one, those parameters are
variables appropriate.
Maximum number of non-linear iterations: 5
Convergence criteria 2 orders
Number of time steps: 2000
General > Solver method: Dynamic switch
Advanced The solver will automatically switch between PCGSTAB_MB and
BoomerAMG to use the most efficient pressure solver.
PCGSTAB_MB: 2 orders, maximum of 300 iterations
BoomerAMG: 3 orders, maximum of 60 iterations
Expert The weighted deformation coefficients are modified to allow more
parameters deformation.
WeightCoefModifLaw_ : 3.0 0.85

Computation control (continuation)
Output Motion and force variables Translation variables: Tx0, Tz0
Rotation variables: Ry1
Angular velocity variables Vx0, Vz0
dRy1
Angular acceleration variables Ax0, Az0
d2Ry1
Force decomposition Global frame
Optional output variables Hydrodynamic pressure
Viscous stress (fluid to wall)
Y+
Turbulent dissipation

5.1.5 Part IV: Computation Launch & Control
32. Click on the Save Project button to save the project.
33. Click on Solver/Start button to start the computation, activate Parallel in Launching
mode section to select parallel computation and then click on Ok to go the Task Manager tool.
A. Task Manager tool
In the Task Arguments & Characteristics section, the Number of partitions was already set to
<48> or the highest available number of partitions on the machine, based on the C-Wizard input.
34. For Linux , click on the Save Batch File button and then on the Start button to start the
computation.
For a job submission on a cluster see Parallel Computations.
Once the solver has finished the computation, theTask Manager displays the computation status
in the TASK MANAGER INFO window, where the status is "finished" for pre-processing,
solver and post-processing.
B. Monitor tool
35. It is also possible to check the results history through the Monitor tool during the run or when
the computation is finished by clicking on the Start Monitor button .
In the Quantities to display section, the user can select the quantities (residuals, forces,
momentum and motions variables) for which one would like to check the convergence history or
the computed values. Multiple components or quantities from different runs can be displayed
together as presented below.

FIGURE 5.1
Vessel drag - Fx

FIGURE 5.2
Vessel lift - Fz

FIGURE 5.3
Vessel heave - Tz

FIGURE 5.4
Vessel pitch - Ry
For the forces Fx and Fz, the time span of the plot starts at 0.012 s to exclude the initial peak which
preclude the analyst from observing the details of the time evolution of these quantities.
The computation has been made in Half body , hence the forces values need to be multiplied by a
factor 2.

5.1.6 Part V: Post-Processing
In this last section of the tutorial, the post-processing of the computation is presented. First with
the Result Analysis tool integrated into FINE™/Marine for studying the convergence of quantities
such as forces, moments, motions etc. Secondly with CFView™ to analyze in depth field
quantities such as the pressure, the velocity and its second invariant.
A. Result Analysis tool
36. Click on the Result Analysis button in the FINE™/Marine toolbar.

37. In the Quantities selection section, select Fx, Fz, Tz0 and Ry1 to analyze the drag, the lift
(that should compensate the weight), the heave and the pitch respectively.

38. In the Analysis options section, select Average efforts. Set the parameters Average values
over the last to <10>% and Convergence criterion to <1>%. The former means that the
averaging will be performed over the 10% of the simulation starting from the end. The latter is
used to compute the CPU time, physical time and iteration number at which the convergence was
reached according to the Convergence criterion . A more detailed explanation on the
convergence criterion and filters can be found in FINE™/Marine documentation (see Criterion
for average calculations and convergence).
39. In the Plot options section, select the Double the drag Fx for a half body simulation
option. This option will double the drag value, to obtain the full body drag.
40. Click on the Perform button to start the analysis. Within the computation folder one new
folder named Convergence_report_date_time is created containing a file named convergence_
report.info and another folder named as the computation itself. The *.info file is a text file
summarizing the inputs introduced in the Result Analysis tool.

Content of the *.info file
Convergence report parameters

=============================
Selected computations:
computation_7.0ms
Efforts: Fx Fz
Motions: Tz0 Ry1
Average efforts.
Average over the last 10% of time steps.
Convergence criterion: 1%.
Width = 800
Height = 600
Double the drag Fx for a half body simulation.
Metric units: meters.
Angle units: radians.
Speed units: m/s.
Self-propulsion analysis: not requested.
The folder named after the computation contains plots of the selected quantities and a text file
called computed_data.dat that summarizes the average values of each quantity, the CPU time and
convergence analysis as well as a table of the quantity values taken from each eff_*.dat and the
Mvt_Vessel.dat files stored in the computation folder.
The Convergence report (computed_data.dat file)
The section devoted to the table of quantity values shown in this convergence report has been cut
(...) for illustrative purposes.
Convergence report
==================
Project: /Tutorial5_CW_Planing_regime/Tutorial5_CW_Planing_regime.iec
Computation: C1_7.0ms
Mesh: /Tutorial5_CW_Planing_regime/_mesh/C1_ssa_cf.igg
Average values

Quantity Average Min Max Std. deviation
Fx(Vessel) -1.8365937e+02 -1.8404000e+02 -1.8325088e+02 1.6960815e-01
Fz(Vessel) 5.2355224e+02 5.2287210e+02 5.2414520e+02 2.3132803e-01
CPU time and convergence
Quantity CPU_Time Physical_Time Iteration

Fx(Vessel) 3:44 1.3524461e+00 725
Fz(Vessel) 3:48 1.3916204e+00 746
Tz0(Vessel) 2:16 8.4504561e-01 453
Ry1(Vessel) 5:06 1.8803664e+00 1008
Table of quantity values (filtered quantities are marked by *)

Common quantities
T Fx(Vessel) Fz(Vessel) Tz0(Vessel) Ry1(Vessel)

1.865443e-03 -1.208871e+04 6.727133e+03 3.521910e-01 -6.696265e-02
3.730886e-03 -5.936544e+01 1.150173e+03 3.525718e-01 -6.685589e-02
...
...
...
3.730886e+00 -1.832509e+02 5.228721e+02 3.640269e-01 -6.529282e-02
B. CFView™
41. In the FINE™/Marine toolbar, click on the CFView™ button to start the post-processing
of the flow field.
42. In the appearing menu Select result to open in CFView keep the Traveling shot based on
Vessel and only activate Tx. Click on the Ok button.

In the current tutorial, free surface colored by its elevation, as well as the mass fraction on the hull
are chosen for visualization.
43. In the left bar, in the menu Representations, select Render Gouraud to render the geometry.
Then, in the CFView™ toolbar, click on the Geometry menu and then select Repetition on/off
to mirror the geometry with the Ymin mirror plane.
44. In the menu Macros, select Represent_free_surface to render the free surface colored by its
elevation.

45. Visualization of the mass fraction on the hull. The steps to perform are:
a. In the menu Update, select Delete > All;
b. In the Surfaces menu of the left bar select all the solid patches with Ctrl+Click, then Right-
Click > Select to select only the solid patches;
c. In the Quantities menu of the left bar, double click on the Mass Fraction quantity and then
on the Smooth contour button in the Contours & Iso Values section;

d. Select the colorbar. Right-click and select Smooth only to display the colorbar with smooth
gradients;
e. Use the visualization buttons on the lower bar to visualize the mass fraction representation on
the hull.

ADVANCED
General information on the use of the tutorials:
The appropriate files (and any other relevant files used in the tutorial) can be downloaded from
the corresponding link: download Advanced level files. In addition they are available from the
Products page of the Customer Area (www.numeca.com).
Following a short introduction, each tutorial is divided into 3 sections respectively related to mesh
generation, settings and calculation, and post-treatment.
The sequence of actions to be executed are described through a step-by-step approach, in the form
of Arabic numbers.
Additional insight about some specific actions and/ or features is frequently added to illustrate the
tutorial further. This information is proposed for the purpose of clarity and completeness, and
should not be executed. It appears as a note with a light blue background.
The calculations executed to illustrate the behavior of the flow solver include a "reasonable"
number of grid points, so as to limit the computational resources required to complete the tutorials.
As a consequence, most of the underlying flow solutions must be considered as qualitative.
Additional mesh refinement may be required in some circumstances so as to obtain a more
quantitative picture.
Contact NUMECA local sales or support office for any question or information you may require. To
allow NUMECA local sales or support office to help you out within the shortest delays, please
provide a detailed description of the observed behavior and performed analysis.

NUMECA Software
The resolution of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems involves three main steps:
l spatial discretization of the flow equations,
l flow computation,
l visualization of the results.
In order to perform these steps, three software systems have been created:
l HEXPRESS™ (developed by NUMECA), is an automated all-hexahedral unstructured mesh
generator.
l ISIS-CFD (developed by the CNRS and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes), is a 3D unstructured
flow solver able to simulate Euler or Navier-Stokes (laminar or turbulent) flows.
l CFView™ (developed by NUMECA), is a highly interactive Computational Field
Visualization system.
These three software systems have been integrated in a unique and user-friendly Graphical User
Interface (GUI), called FINE™/Marine, allowing the solution of complete simulations of 3D
internal and external flows from the grid generation to visualization, without any file
manipulation, through the concept of a project. Moreover, multitasking capabilities are
incorporated, allowing the simultaneous treatment of multiple computations.
Tutorials shows how to:
l use the HEXPRESS™ user interface,
l generate a mesh with HEXPRESS™ ,
l progress in the mesh wizard to generate the mesh and multi-domain mesh,
l visualize a mesh,
l control the quality of the mesh,
l set up a computation in the FINE™/Marine interface,
l start/ stop the computation,
l visualize the results with CFView™, making an animation.
l import an external geometry.

1.1 FULL APPENDED DTMB
1.1.1 Prerequisites
It is strongly recommended to perform basic tutorials 1 and 2 before starting this advanced
tutorial.
l 3GB of RAM (4GB strongly recommended)

l 1.5GB of disk space available to store all files
l 64bits machine with 10 cores strongly recommended
Estimated time:
l Meshing: 3 hours
l Computation setup: 30 minutes
l Computation time: 1 day (no user interaction required)
l Post-processing: 1 hour
1.1.2 Problem Description
FIGURE 1.1
Appended DTMB 5415

The goal of this tutorial is to provide step-by-step instructions of the simulation of a typical marine
case in order to aid in the learning process of FINE™/Marine. The tutorial gives guidelines/best
practices on the complete mesh set-up, flow settings and post-processing, also applicable to other
marine cases. The geometry at hand is the fully appended case DTMB 5415 Combatant. Some
geometrical features make this a challenging and representative case to mesh. Upon completion of
this tutorial, the user should have covered the most relevant features present in FINE™/Marine.
The simulation settings have an impact on the meshing methodology (mainly viscous layer
settings). Viscous layers insertion should custom fit each individual test conditions. To provide
such a context, in the following section (Flow Settings), a scale model resistance computation will
be initialized with the following settings:
l Reference length( Lpp) of 5.72m;
l Velocity of 2.1m/s - Froude number 0.28;
l Draft of 0.248m in the model frame of reference;
l Water density 998.4 kg/m³;
l Kinematic viscosity 1e-6m²/s.
Since the flow settings are symmetric, only half of the geometry will be meshed.
1.1.3 Preparation
1. Locate and copy the file "DTMB5415_ Appended.X_ T" into your working directory
(download Advanced tutorial archive).

1.1.4 Graphical User Interfaces
FIGURE 1.2
HEXPRESS™

FIGURE 1.3
FINE™/Marine

FIGURE 1.4
CFView™
Click here to start the mesh generation...
1.1.5 Mesh Generation
A. Import Geometry
1.1. Open FINE™/Marine, select Create a new project/ Creating a mesh and press OK.
1.2. Select a working directory, enter the project name Full_Appended_DTMB and press OK.

1.3. Press Yes to start HEXPRESS™ .
1.4. Click on Import Parasolid model.

1.5. Select the tutorial file "˜DTMB5415_Appended.X_T" from the folder "_advanced/Tutorial_
1/_geom/", and confirm your choice. Nine Parasolid™ bodies are loaded.

Imported Parasolid™ models might be unclean (gaps, intersecting geometries, etc.). To verify this, a
checking algorithm is included in HEXPRESS™ .
1.6. Select all bodies: left-click on the first body, hold the <Shift> button and left-click on the last
item (<Ctrl> + left-click also works to make multiple selections).
1.7. Right-click and hold on any highlighted item in the list to access the options menu and release
on Check. Wait a few seconds to have confirmation that the bodies are clean.
1.8. Press OK to continue.
When the imported bodies are not clean, one needs to resort to for example CADfix.

B. Define Domain
The computational domain is usually defined as a box around the body. Standard domain sizes in
terms of LOA are:
l Longitudinal (commonly X-axis) 5.5LOA
l Lateral (commonly Y-axis) 2LOA
l Normal (commonly Z-axis) 2.5LOA
l Volume in space 27.5LOA³
2.1. Click on Create Box under the CAD Manipulation menu in the Quick Access Pad (QAP).
2.2. For the first corner enter <-9.645,0,-9.007>.
2.3. Click on Apply.
2.4. For the second corner enter <24.28,12.34,6.418>.
2.6. Click on Accept.

2.7. A box called 'B1' is added to the list.
The domain that will be meshed is the bounding box minus the ship'sgeometry. To obtain this, a
boolean operator Subtract is used.
2.8. Click on Subtract.

2.9. Select the target body 'B1' (body from which you will subtract).
2.10. Press Accept.
2.11. Select the tool bodies: all other bodies in the list (bodies that will be subtracted).
2.12. Left-click on the first body in the list. Hold <Shift> and left-click on the last body in the list.
2.13. Press Perform.
All actions can be undone with Undo.

To verify that the resulting body is indeed as expected, select the body in the list and right-click hold
and release on Show as solid.To return, repeat above steps but release on Show as wireframe .
2.14. Check that the body 'B1' is selected in the CAD Manipulation/ Visualization/Selection list
in the QAP.
2.15. Click on Create Domain under CAD Manipulation/Create/Edit and a rough initial
domain will be generated.

Recommendations on faceting settings:
l Compromise between facet count (file size) and description of the model.
l Recommendations in terms of LPP (from lower to higher quality):
l Minimum length = LPP x 1e-3 to LPP x 1e-4;
l Maximum length = LPP;
l Curve and surface plane chordal tolerance = from 1e-3 to 1e-4;
l Curve and surface resolution = from 5 to 1.
2.16. Set the faceting settings as in the following figure.

2.17. Click on Apply to see the effect of the faceting settings in the graphics window.

A visual check of the triangulation quality, especially in the high curvature areas, is highly
recommended before saving the domain. If the geometry is not accurately respected, the faceting
settings parameters should be improved.
2.18. When satisfied, click on Create to save the domain file under the name "FA_DTMB_
domain" in the "/_mesh" subfolder of the project directory.

2.19. Click Yes for the question if you want to import the successfully generated domain.
The resulting imported domain is presented in the following figure.
2.20. Use the Solid Toggle button to view the domain as wire-frame or solid.

C. Manipulate Domain
Meshing actions in HEXPRESS™ are mainly done at the level of edge or face entities. To reduce
the engineering time spent during the mesh set-up, the number of edges and faces should be kept
to a minimum (process called domain simplification).This section will illustrate
l Manual merging of faces and edges
l Automatic merging of faces and edges
Click on Domain Manipulation in the QAP to expand the options.The following philosophy is
usually followed when merging edges and faces. By default, HEXPRESS™ captures all vertices
and edges in the domain. This means:
l Edges which represent a real geometrical feature or of great interest (possible cavitation,
separation, etc) should be kept.
l Edges not representing a feature can be merged together;
l Try to avoid vertices with a connectivity equal or larger than 4 (connected to 4 edges).

Typical workflow:
l First automatic face merge with high feature angle;
l Manual face merge;
l Automatic edge merge.
A feature angle of:

l 0 deg allows merging of all edges/faces;
l 180 deg only allows the merging of parallel aligned edges/faces.
By default, it is set to 140 deg.
Automatic Face Merge
As a first step, the Automatic Face Merge option with large feature angle is used to merge faces
that are well aligned.
3.1.1. Click on Domain Manipulation in the QAP to expand the options.
3.1.2. Click on the Automatic Face Merge icon .

3.1.3. Set feature angle (degrees) to <175> <Enter>.
3.1.4. Press Ok.
3.1.5. Press Merge All or Merge for a step-by-step merging.

Manual Face Merge
3.2.1. Manual face merging follows to merge the remaining faces of interest. First, the feature
angle needs to be reset.
3.2.2. Click on the settings icon under Domain Manipulation in the QAP.
3.2.3. Set feature angle (degrees) to <0><Enter> (hence no restriction in merging operations).
3.2.4. Press Apply.
When manually merging, the edges/faces that will be merged are highlighted in green. If they do not
highlight, it is likely that the feature angle is set too high.
Focus on the bow surface and merge faces as depicted below.
3.2.5. Press on the Face Merge icon and click on the edges in the figures below to merge the
neighboring faces:

Result:

3.2.6. Focus on the shaft root and merge the faces as depicted below:

Result:

3.2.7. Shaft cone merging (6 actions, keep the vertical edges):

Result:

3.2.8. Merge the A-brackets trailing edge area (4 actions, keep the dividing edge between the fore
and aft areas - possible separation of the boundary layer):

And obtain:

3.2.9. Merge the rudder edges as depicted, keeping just the leading and trailing edges (2 actions):

And results:
Automatic Edge Merge
After the face merging, the original vertices still remain (which will be captured during the mesh
generation).
3.3.1. Click on the display vertex icon under View/Display Options in the QAP to visualize
them (white dots in the display area).

3.3.2. Click on the Automatic Edge Merge icon under Domain Manipulation in the QAP.
3.3.3. Set feature angle (degrees) to <140><Enter>.
3.3.4. Press OK.
3.3.5. Press Merge All.
3.3.6. Refresh the display by clicking twice on the vertex icon under View/Display Options
in the QAP to obtain the same result as in the following figure.

3.3.7. Click again on to hide the vertices.
Edge Splitting
To prevent a low quality of the future mesh in difficult areas as intersections of sharp edges with the
body, it is recommended to split edges or faces in that vicinity for a further refinement during the
mesh generation, thus avoiding a high discretization of a large area and therefore the generation of
unnecessary cells.
3.4.1. Press on the Split Edges button under Domain Manipulation in the QAP.
3.4.2. Zoom in on the brackets and move the cursor near one of the trailing edges. The curve will
be highlighted in green and a white circle will indicate the splitting point.
3.4.3. Left-click at approximately 10% of the trailing edge length from the bracket's root, as
shown in the following figure. Repeat for the second bracket.

3.4.4. Click on to verify the result:

At the end of the domain simplification step, always check the domain validity.
3.4.5. Click on the Domain Check icon under Domain Manipulation in the QAP. A Pop-up
appears indicating that the "Domain topology is valid".
3.4.6. Click on OK.
3.4.7. Select Project/Save to save the project under the name 'Full_Appended_DTMB.igg' in the
"/_mesh" subfolder.
Starting from this step, user can continue with his own project files or use the domain file
called "Full_Appended_DTMB.dom" that is provided in the documentation package (stored
under Tutorials/_advanced/Tutorial_1/_dom/). For this purpose, click on Project/New and
import the domain (".dom").
D. Boundary Conditions
Before proceeding with the actual mesh generation, it is recommended to set the boundary
conditions. This section explains how to:
l Assign names to surfaces;
l Assign boundary condition types to surfaces.

For practical reasons, rename all the surfaces accordingly and set the BC at the same time.
4.1. Click on the icon or select Grid/ Boundary Conditions... menu.

4.2.a. Click on the surface name in the list (and see it highlighted in the view area)
or
4.2.b. Select directly in the graphics area by clicking-left on the surface (click-middle to scroll
through surfaces hidden after each other).Use <Ctrl> or <Shift> to make multiple selections both
in the list or interactively, in the graphics area.
4.3. Click-right on the selected surface(s) and release on Set Name and rename all surfaces as
presented in the figures below (multiple surfaces may receive the same name).
4.4. First set the names and BC type for the bounding box as presented below:

After renaming the boundaries of the domain, they can be blanked in order to ease the selection of
the other parts of the domain. This is done by selecting the faces and selecting "blank" upon right-
clicking.
This can be done every time a face is renamed correctly in order to ease the selection process.

Due to symmetry, the ymin plane will be set as MIR. All the other 5 surfaces of the bounding box
will be set as EXT. All the ship's surfaces will be set as SOL.
4.5. Now rename and set the BC type for all the remaining surfaces as presented below:

4.6. Select all bounding box patches except 'ymin'.
4.7. Click on Set face type to define boundary condition type and release on EXT.
4.8. Set the mirror plane (ymin) as MIR.
4.9. Check that all other patches are set as SOL.

4.10. Press Close.
4.11. Select Project/Save to save project.

E. Mesh Wizard
Initial Mesh
The first step consists of making an initial isotropic Cartesian mesh.

5.1.1. Select the Initial mesh step by ticking the yellow box.
5.1.2. Left-click on Initial mesh in order to view/edit the settings.
5.1.3. Keep the default settings.
5.1.4. Click Ok.

5.1.5. Click Step or Start.
A typical meshing strategy for marine applications is:

l About 1,700 isotropic initial Cartesian cells for symmetric computations
l The normal to the free surface cell size (LOA/512 or LOA/1024) should be an integer division of
the initial cell size
Assume LOA/512 corresponds to 7 refinements of the initial Cartesian mesh and LOA/1024
corresponds to 8 refinements, for the domain size described before, this initial grid will ensure the
closest match (symmetric mesh):
l Division X: 22;
l Division Y: 8;
l Division Z: 10;
l Total cells: 1760.
5.1.6. Switch between wire-frame and shading view by clicking on under View/Display
Options in the QAP and show or hide the mesh using the mesh toggle button .

Free Surface
In FINE™/Marine, the free surface should be captured correctly. For this purpose, a refinement zone
should be created as an internal surface. Various ways of creating it are possible, but for the purpose
of this tutorial, a lofted surface between two polylines will be exemplified.
5.2.1. Expand the Internal Surface pad in the QAP.

5.2.2. Click on Polyline under Curve.
5.2.3. Enter the first coordinate <-9.645 0 0.248> in the input keyboard area at the bottom of the
graphical area and press <Enter>.
5.2.4. Enter the second coordinate <-9.645 12.34 0.248> in the input keyboard area at the bottom
of the graphical area and press <Enter>.
5.2.5. Click-right in the graphics window to create the first polyline.

5.2.6. Click again on Polyline.
5.2.7. Enter the first coordinate <24.28 0 0.248> in the input keyboard area and press <Enter>.
5.2.8. Enter the second coordinate <24.28 12.34 0.248> in the input keyboard area and press
<Enter>.

5.2.9. Click-right in the graphics window to create the second polyline.
The two polylines are selected by default (highlighted in yellow).
5.2.10. Click on Lofted under Surface to create the internal surface.

5.2.11. The free surface will be displayed in magenta.
Note that the curve orientation (begin point to end point) needs to be the same for both polylines to
avoid a twisted lofted surface.
Note that an internal surface can also be created using a plug-in. In the interface Plugins -> Marine
-> Internal surface creation. This will give an option to specify the height at which the internal
surface is located. Give <0.248> as the z constant surface value to get the internal surface as shown
in the above figure.

Adaptation
This step is probably the most important in terms of user interaction in HEXPRESS™ . Indeed, the
selected parameters directly dictate the computed mesh obtained with HEXPRESS™ . The adaptation
step consists of two successive actions: the refinement and the trimming. During the first one,
HEXPRESS™ adapts the initial mesh such that the cell sizes satisfy geometry dependent criteria.
With the second step, it removes cells intersecting the geometry or located outside the computational
domain.
Global Refinement
5.3.1.1. Select and open the Adapt to geometry menu in the Mesh Wizard.
5.3.1.2. Under the Global parameters tab, set the Maximum number of refinements to
<12><Enter>.

In this action, cells are successively subdivided such that specific geometrical criteria are satisfied.
In order to limit the number of cells created during refinement, HEXPRESS™ subdivides cells
anisotropically as often as possible. A cell can thus be subdivided in 2, 4 or 8 cells.
The adaptation process successively bisects the cells flagged for refinement in one or several different
directions. The sizes of the initial mesh cells are therefore divided by a factor 2 N after N successive
refinements. This may result in an exponential growth of the total number of cells in the mesh, even
though the refinement may be confined to some areas of the computational domain. To bound the
number of cells, the user should set the maximum number of refinements to a reasonable
limit.Several global expert parameters are available when clicking on Advanced >>> button to
finely tune the mesh adaptation process. Since HEXPRESS™ is optimized for these defaults, any
modification may therefore alter the success of the meshing process. More details are available in the
User Manual.
The adaptation process is defined by three classes of criteria: curve, surface and volume criteria.
Surface criterion considers cells intersecting solid surfaces as candidates for refinement. Three criteria
are implemented and are respectively based on:
l a proximity between surfaces (Distance),
l a surface curvature measurement (Curvature),
l a specification of cell target sizes on the surfaces (Target cell sizes).
Volume criterion (found in Box Adaptation tab) is considering cells which are intersecting or
located inside a three-dimensional volume as candidates for refinement if their cell size is larger than
some user prescribed target size.

Surface Refinement - Group Creation
5.3.2.1. Left-click on the Surface refinement tab.
To save engineering time, surfaces belonging to a certain component of the ship or with similar
characteristics, can be grouped together so that the refinement parameters have to be set just once, for
the entire group. Note that the group names have to be unique.
To make a group:
5.3.2.2. Select the patches of interest in the list (multi selection with <Shift> or <Ctrl> key) or
interactively from the graphical window (<Ctrl> key for multiple selection), selected surfaces are
highlighted in yellow (click again on a surface to deselect it). Click the middle mouse button to
scroll through surfaces hidden after each other.
5.3.2.3. Click on Group.
5.3.2.4. Give a name to the group and press <Enter>. A "˜+"™ sign appears in front of the group.
Group properties can be edited by right-clicking on the group name.

To delete a group:

l Select the group;
l Click on Ungroup;
l The surfaces are listed again (at the end of the list).
Add a surface to an existing group:
l Select the group and surface (multi-selection);
l Click on Group.
Remove a surface from a group:
l Expand the group by clicking on the "+" sign;
l Select the surface to be removed;
l Click on Ungroup.
5.3.2.5. Create the groups as presented in the following figure, by selecting the surfaces from the
list or interactively from the graphic area:

Surface Refinement - Parameters
The refinement settings for the group 'bracket_ LE' will be given as example, complete the
parameters of all other groups as presented in the following table.
5.3.3.1. Click on Active.
5.3.3.2. Set Max nb. of refinements to <11> <Enter>.
5.3.3.3. Activate Curvature and Target cell sizes criteria.
5.3.3.4. Enter target cell sizes along X, Y and Z axis as <0.0017> <Enter>.
The Maximum number of refinements per surface ultimately controls the refinement of cells

intersecting that surface (if it is presenting a value lower than the Global maximum number of
refinements from the Global parameters tab). This parameter supersedes any other selected
adaptation criteria. Fine tuning of this parameter is useful when it may be difficult to determine the
appropriate Target cell size , or if the Distance and Curvature criteria yield a prohibitive number
of cells. The default value (10000) is an arbitrary large number such that the criteria are controlled by
the Global maximum number of refinements.
The aim of the Distance criterion is to allow enough refinements of the cells in order to fill any gaps
between very close surfaces with a sufficient amount of cells.
The aim of the Curvature criterion is to automatically compute a target cell size suitable for
resolving curved surfaces. Smaller cells are expected where the geometry has high curvature.
The aim of the Target cell size criterion is to enforce a user- defined target cell sizes for each
geometrical surface. The size of a cell intersecting a geometrical surface are compared to the
prescribed user target and the cell is refined until its actual size is lower than the target.
5.3.3.5. Click on Advanced>>> button to access the advanced parameters.

5.3.3.6. Set Refinement diffusion to <1> <Enter> to reduce the growing of cells inside the
domain.

Surface Group Max nb of Adaptation Criteria Maximum Refinement
refinements aspect ratio Diffusion
Distance Curvature Target cell
size
hull 7 000 2 Global
bilge_keel 8 000 2 3
rudder 8 000 2 Global
bracket 10 000 2 1
bracket_LE 11 x 0.0017 2 1
0.0017
0.0017
shaft (connected 12 x x 0.003 0.003 2 3
to hull) 0.003

Surface Group Max nb of Adaptation Criteria Maximum Refinement
refinements aspect ratio Diffusion
Distance Curvature Target cell
size
shaft (x3) 10 x x 0.0035 2 1
0.0035
0.0035
rudder_middle 12 1 1 0.0005 8 1
ends 9 000 2 1
shaft_middle 12 0.0005 1 1 8 1
small_patches 9 000 2 1
deck 4 000 2 Global
INTERNAL_ 8 0.9 0.9 128 4
surface 0.00572
The part of the shaft that is connected to the hull is displayed in the following figure.
The other parts of the shaft can be seen in the following figure.

Free surface refinement comments:
l Maximum aspect ratio is set to 128 to ensure a highly anisotropic mesh. the goal is to split the
initial cells once in x and y directions.
The increased maximum aspect ratio is to avoid a further refinement in x and y directions to meet the
default constraint of 2.
The refinement in z direction equals Lpp/1000.
Curve Refinement
Curve refinements could be useful in the following situations:

l Local refinement near leading and trailing edges;
l Intersection curves near appendages to ensure local high quality mesh.
5.3.4.1. Click on the Curve refinement tab. All the curves to be refined are highlighted in the
following figure, but individual parameters should be completed as presented in the following
table.

The shaft-hull intersection is given as an example:
5.3.4.2. Click on Active.
5.3.4.3. Set Max nb. of refinements to <10> <Enter>.
5.3.4.4. Activate Curvature and Target Cell sizes criteria and leave the default value.
5.3.4.5. Click on Advanced>>> button to access advanced parameters.
5.3.4.6. Set the Refinement diffusion to <4> <Enter>.
Curve Max Nb of Adaptation Refinement

Refinements Criteria Diffusion
Target cell size
2 x Rudder Leading Edge 9 000 2
2 x Rudder-Hull Intersections 9 000 1
Transom-Hull Intersection 9 000 Global
6 x Brackets-Hull Intersections 10 000 Global
Shaft-Hull Intersection 10 000 5
2 x Bilge keel "" Hull 10 000 Global
Intersections
2 x Brackets_TE 10% Split 12 000 1

Box Refinement
The last option to impose refinement is using user-defined boxes.

5.3.5.1. Click on the Box refinement tab.
5.3.5.2. In this tutorial, a refinement box will be used to prepare a zone of refinement for the
actuator disk model, if such is applied.
5.3.5.3. Click on New.
5.3.5.4. Press <c> to place the first corner.
5.3.5.5. Left-click in the input keyboard area.
5.3.5.6. Enter the first coordinate <5.38 0.065 0.14> in the input keyboard area (values separated
with a space).
5.3.5.7. Press <Enter>.
5.3.5.9. Enter the second coordinate <5.43 0.265 -0.06> in the input keyboard area.
5.3.5.11. Left-click in the graphics area to accept the box.
5.3.5.12. A yellow box appears in the window.
Refinement settings for the box:
5.3.5.13. Keep Active selected.

5.3.5.14. Set target cell sizes along X, Y and Z to <0.007> <Enter>.
5.3.5.15. Activate Volumic.
5.3.5.16. Click on Advanced>>> button to access advanced parameters.
5.3.5.17. Set the Refinement diffusion to <1> <Enter>
5.3.5.18. Click on Ok.
The option Volumic means the box volume will be refined. When not active, only the solid surfaces
inside the box will be refined
Trimming
The trimming step removes all the cells intersecting or located outside of the geometry.
5.3.6.1. Click on the Trimming tab.
A general rule to set the trimming parameters:

l On patches of the bounding box : not used for trimming
l On all other patches : used for trimming

5.3.6.2. Check that all bounding box patches have a trimming flag set to Not used for trimming.
If not:
5.3.6.3. Select all bounding box patches (with <Shift> key or drag the mouse across the names of
the surfaces in the list).
5.3.6.4. From the drop down list, select Not used for trimming.
5.3.6.5. Click on Ok to leave the dialog box.
Note that not all surfaces appear in the list: only all EXT, MIR and SOL surfaces which are planar.
The trimming step removes all the cells intersecting or located outside of the geometry.

The trimming parameters allow modifying the default selected surfaces for the trimming operation.
Only planar surfaces parallel to Cartesian axis are present. Surfaces which are set as Not used for
trimming will keep a Cartesian mesh close to them.
5.3.6.6. Click on Ok.
5.3.6.7. Click on the icon to save the project.

5.3.6.8. Click on Step under Mesh Wizard in the QAP.
5.3.6.9. Result after adaptation to geometry (activate/hide the mesh on the domain scope using
and set solid/wireframe view using ).

After the mesh adaptation, one wants to inspect if the applied refinement settings are sufficient. One
way is to make cutting planes in the domain by clicking on the icon in the viewing buttons or
press <F5>:
Press <x> to make a x-constant cutting plane.
Holding the middle mouse button slides the plane.
Pressing <F1> access the dynamic view options to reorient the camera position.
Pressing <Esc > returns to the cutting plane options.
Pressing <Esc > once more removes the cutting plane.

Snapping
After grid adaptation, a volumic mesh is created, meaning it is not projected or snapped onto the
actual model. The snapping step takes care of this process. By default, no user input is required.
The aim of this fully automated mesh generation step is to project the staircase mesh obtained after
the mesh adaptation on the surface to obtain a good quality body conforming mesh. In addition to a
simple projection on the geometry, this action involves sophisticated algorithms to recover lower
dimensional geometric features such as corners and curves in the mesh. These algorithms guarantee
that, when the mesh is projected onto the surface geometry, a mesh vertex is attached to each corner
of the geometry and that a path of mesh edges is attached to the curve.
Layers of additional cells (buffer insertion) are introduced into the mesh to create a body conforming
mesh.
Finally, the mesh is smoothed by moving points on the surface and in the volume.

For advanced users, the Advanced>>> button in the editing menu opened by clicking-left on Snap
to geometry after ticking the upfront yellow box in QAP gives access to Global parameters, Curve
snapping and Buffer insertion.
Curve snapping tab allows for some edges to be ignored depending on the specific case of interest.
Each edge can be set with one of the following feature:
l "Must be captured"(default);
l "Must be skipped"
l "Can be skipped"
Buffer insertion tab allows to control the type of buffer insertion when HEXPRESS™ is
introducing layers of additional cells during the snapping step. Two types related to the viscous layers
are available:
l Type 1 - usually used for fillets;
l Type 2 - e.g. hull-keel junction, symmetry plane (see figure and also check on your geometry by
clicking the highlighted curves in the picture).
5.4.1. Select the Snap to geometry step by ticking the yellow box in the Mesh Wizard.
5.4.2. Click on Step under Mesh Wizard in the QAP to proceed with the snapping step.
5.4.3. Display mesh and shading by clicking on the icons and under View/Display
Options in the QAP.

The mesh obtained after the snapping step may involve poor quality cells which usually located close
to corners and curves. Some of these cells are concave or may even present a negative volume.
HEXPRESS™ provides specific algorithms to convert concave cells to convex ones by slight
displacing their vertices ( Optimization step).
5.4.4. Left-click on Mesh quality icon in the toolbar to check the mesh quality.
5.4.5. Select successively the Negative, Concave, and Twisted Cells criteria.
Optimization
Multithreading
By default, the optimization step needs no user input.

5.5.1. Left-click on the yellow box in front of Optimize in the Mesh Wizard (QAP).
5.5.2. Click on Step under Mesh Wizard in the QAP to continue with the default settings.
5.5.3. Display mesh and shading by clicking on the icons and under View/Display
Options in the QAP.

Before adding viscous layers, it is recommended to check the quality of the mesh.
5.5.4. Left-click on the Mesh quality icon in the toolbar to check the mesh quality.
5.5.5. Select successively the Negative cells, Concave cells, Twisted Cells, and Orthogonality
as Criterion.
An important check of the mesh quality is to detect the presence of negative cells, i.e. cells with a
negative volume. Negative cells are not allowed in the final mesh to be used for the computation.
Concave or twisted cells are less likely to present robustness or stability issues for solvers, however
they should be prohibited.
When negative, concave or twisted cells are detected, they should be usually removed by changing
mesh adaptation settings. Please refer to the user manual for more details.
In case the optimizer cannot make the mesh valid then use relaxation, as a last resort to relax from
geometry. It is rarely used in marine applications.
Furthermore, the cell orthogonality, aspect ratio and expansion ratio can be controlled. There are
presented through histograms. Each bar represents the number of cells whose criterion value is
included in the bar interval. By left-clicking on one of the bars, the corresponding cells are displayed

in the graphics area. Cells are displayed in a color varying depending on the value of the quality
criterion. The Show markers check button activates the display of circle markers for each vertex of
the displayed cells, which facilitates the localization of the selected cells.
In case the optimization step was unsuccessful, meaning negative, concave or twisted cells
remained, the box in front of the step would be red.
Viscous Layers Insertion
5.6.1. Select the Viscous layers step by ticking the yellow box.
5.6.2. Left-click on Viscous layers in order to view/edit the settings.
In the Global tab, the user can select two viscous layers insertion methods: with or without inflation.
By default, inflation with a floating number of layers is selected.
When inflation technique with floating number of layers is applied:

l the floating number of layers relates to the number of viscous layers added.
l inflation is an iterative technique (5 cycles) where the Euler mesh is gradually pushed away from
the boundaries as a function of the specified first layer thickness, growth ratio and number of
viscous layers (next steps will illustrate how to impose them). After each iteration of the inflation
process, the algorithm checks the volume transition of the last viscous layer and the Euler mesh.
When the ideal volume transition is reached during the 5 cycles, the process halts and will insert the
number of layers specified by the user. When this is not reached during those 5 cycles with the
floating number approach, the algorithm can update the user number of layers (specified in the tab
<Surface>) to ensure a better volume transition. The number of layers is then free to vary in the
range specified in the global menu (by default: min 5 "" max 30).
5.6.3. Select Fixed number of layers.
5.6.4. Click on the Surface tab.

5.6.5. Click on Group As Adapt to create the same groups as in the adaptation menu (Viscous
layer settings are common for groups with identical refinement settings).

5.6.6. Set the first layer thickness for all surfaces:
The width of the first cell close to the wall must be selected with care since the quality of the flow
solution will often depend upon the capture of the flow phenomena inside the boundary layers which
develop along the solid walls. Depending upon the turbulence model selected, NUMECA recommends
to locate the nearest grid point along the wall, at a distance that corresponds to parietal coordinate y+
ranging from 1-5 (low Reynolds number models) or 20-50 (high Reynolds number models). Besides,
FINE™/Marine proposes extended wall function models as well, which allows to use y+ range of 20-
50 for low Froude numbers and 50-300 for high Froude numbers.
The relation between the parietal coordinate y+ and width of the first cell close to the wall y is driven
by the Blasius equation, expressed as follows for turbulent flows:
where:

l Ywall is the distance of the nearest grid point to the wall (in meter);
l Vref is a reference velocity of the flow, for instance the inlet velocity (in m/s);
l ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid (in m²/s), i.e. the dynamic viscosity divided by the density;
l Lref is a reference length of the test case (in meter);
l Y1+ is a non-dimensional value.
The Estimate button can be used to get a recommended Y+ value to be used with wall functions
depending on the scale of the problem. The formula used is the following:
5.6.7. The viscous layer settings are first layer thickness, growth ratio and number of layers.
Commonly, the first layer thickness and growth ratio are the same for all surfaces.
5.6.8. Select all groups except the deck (use <Shift> key or drag the cursor over the groups names
in the list).
5.6.9. Click on Active.
5.6.10. Click on Compute to define the first layer thickness:

Note that the first layer thickness & stretching ratio can be set independently per surface.
HEXPRESS™ contains a tool to estimate the first layer thickness as a function of y +, reference
length, reference velocity and kinematic viscosity.
5.6.11. Set y+ to <50><Enter>;
5.6.12. Set reference length to <5.72><Enter>;
5.6.13. Activate reference velocity and Kinematic viscosity;
5.6.14. Set reference velocity to <2.1><Enter>;
5.6.15. Set Kinematic viscosity to <1e-6><Enter> (for water).
5.6.16. The tool suggests a first layer thickness of about 1e-3m (ywall).
5.6.17. Click on Apply to impose it on all selected surfaces.

Impose number of layers per surface or surface group example:
5.6.18. Select each surface (group) and impose the number of layers.
5.6.19. The growth ratio can remain as default (1.2).
5.6.20. Select only the group 'Hull'.
5.6.21. Based on the grid obtained after the optimization step, HEXPRESS™ suggests 7 layers.
HEXPRESS™ gives an indication about the appropriate number of viscous layers to insert. This
number is computed based on the current mesh after optimization (this indication is not available if
the optimization step is not performed yet). This value will be the minimum to activate the inflation
method.
5.6.22. Click on Apply to impose this number.

5.6.23. Repeat the previous steps for the other groups.
Note that for the group 'RudderMiddle', HEXPRESS™ indicates one layer to insert. This is the
minimum value and means that the Euler mesh already matches the first layer thickness.
5.6.24. Therefore, deactivate the viscous layer insertion on these surfaces by deselecting Active.

5.6.25. Click on Ok.
5.6.26. Click on Step under Mesh Wizard in the QAP to start the viscous layer insertion process.
5.6.27. Make a cutting plane by clicking on the icon or shortcut <F5>.

5.6.28. Impose it to be a x-constant plane by pressing <x>.
5.6.29. Slide the cutting plane at a place of interest "" zoom-in or project the view
5.6.30. Right- click on the icon Face under View/Display Options/Scope in the QAP and
deselect the surfaces of the bounding box to visualize the final mesh on the solid surfaces only.

5.6.31. Press <Esc> to leave the cutting plane tool.
5.6.32. Click on the icon to check mesh quality.

5.6.33. Verify that there are no negative, concave or twisted cells.
5.6.34. Look at the orthogonality criterion.

5.6.35. Click on the left bar (lowest orthogonality) to visualize the cells with orthogonality from 0
to 10 degrees as they are the once that could compromise the quality of the future computation.
5.6.36. Activate Show markers to locate them more easily. Low orthogonality cells are
pinpointed in the following figure.

One can change the range of the bar chart as well as the number of intervals below the chart by
changing the From, To and Number of Steps values.
The mesh statistics are contained in the ".qualityReport" file, but also retrieved in the
HEXPRESS™ GUI as described before.
Due to the complexity of this tutorial, the numerous number of steps which must be performed
and the small differences between software versions, slight variation of the mesh quality may
occur, but it should be in the range of the following values :
Number of cells : 3,100,000
No negative, concave and twisted cells
Minimal orthogonality 5 [deg]
Average orthogonality 80 [deg]
Maximal aspect ratio 150
Average aspect ratio 5
Maximal expansion ratio 12
Average expansion ratio 1.5
F. Save Project
6.1. Go to Project/Save or click on the Save icon and save the project under the '_mesh'
folder.
The mesh folder contains the mesh topology, geometry, grid points and the boundary condition types
among others:
l '.bcs': boundary conditions file,
l '.dom': geometry file,
l '.igg': topology file,
l '.hex': grid points file,
l '.rep': report file,
l '.dist': distance file,
l '.fnmb': FNMB connections,

l '.qualityReport': quality report file.
In addition a subdirectory named "cache" contains resulting mesh files after each step of the mesh
generation (for example "_snap.hex" as resulting mesh after snapping process). It allows some steps to
be deleted and coming back to a previous one without generating the necessary steps again. Click on
the Go back to project set-up button to impose flow settings into FINE™/Marine GUI.
6.2. Click on the Go back to project setup button to impose the flow settings in the
FINE™/Marine GUI.
6.3. The Mesh properties menu appears. Check that the information is correct (Grid units set to
You are now back to the FINE™/Marine interface and ready to click on the link and proceed
with the computation setup!
1.1.6 Flow Settings
General Properties
1.1.1. In the Physical configuration menu, double click on General parameters and keep
Steady active.
1.1.2. Click on Ok to confirm.
Fluid Model
1.2.1. Double click on Fluid model and keep Multi-fluid active and the default fluid settings.

Flow Model
1.3.1. Double click on Flow model.

1.3.2. Keep k-omega (SST-Menter) as Turbulence model and the gravity intensity set as -9.81
[m/s²].
1.3.3. Set reference length to <5.72>.
1.3.4. Set reference velocity to <2.1>.

The reference variables (length and velocity) are required to estimate the Reynolds and Froude
numbers. These numbers are used by the flow solver, in particular in the damping functions related to
the modeling of turbulence down the walls. The impact of the characteristic variables on the flow
solution is very limited, but it is advised to select values in accordance with reference values of the
geometrical domain and flow conditions. As an example, the reference length may be defined as the
length between perpendiculars. The reference velocity may be set to the average ship velocity.
B. Boundary Conditions & Body Definition
2.1. Double click on Boundary conditions.

2.2. In the SOLID page, change the 'deck' patch to Slip (viscous effects are neglected). Keep the
other patches to Wall-function.

2.3. Go to the EXTERNAL page and change the top ('zmax') and bottom ('zmin') patches to
Prescribed pressure/Updated hydrostatic pressure.

2.4. Change the other patches to Far field and keep the far field velocity set to
Vx=Vy=Vz=0m/s.
2.5. Go to MIRROR page and check that 'ymin' is automatically selected.

2.6. Click on Ok to confirm.
2.7. Double click on Body definition and select all patches of the body (with the click-left +
<Shift> key).
2.8. Click on Create body, set the name to <DTMB><Enter> and click on Ok.

ISIS-CFD computes forces and moments on the created body and stores them in the 'eff_*.dat' files. It
is also possible to create sub-bodies within the body on which the forces are computed separately.
They will be also stored in the 'eff_*.dat' files.
C. Body Motion
3.1. Double click on Body motion.

3.2. Keep Activate Cardan Angles active.
3.3. Make Activate Quasi-Static (QS) approach active.
3.4. Change the motion type for the degree of freedom Tx0 to Imposed and select 1/2 sinusoidal
ramp as motion law.
3.5. Change the motion type for the degrees of freedom Tz0 and Ry1(Pitch) to Solved.

3.6. For the degree of freedom Tx0, click on Edit"¦ to define the settings of the motion law.
3.7. Set final time (t1) to <5.4>.
3.8. Set final velocity (V1) to <-2.1>.

3.10. Click on the Edit button for QS Parameters and adapt the values as presented in the
following figure, then press Ok to confirm.

When dealing with simulations that aim for a steady-state solution and the fully unsteady approach is
not desirable (due to the small time step required to maintain stability and therefore high
computational expense), the quasi-static (QS) method can be engaged. It is based on a succession of
predicted body attitudes. These attitudes are evaluated using an ad-hoc quasi-static approach.
This procedure remains stable even for larger time steps, enabling the use of the sub- cycling
acceleration method (see the Control Variable section) for the fraction volume equation. Please
refer the User Guide for more information on the Quasi-Static Approach.
3.11. Click on the Dynamic parameters tab, activate the Half Body option, and complete the
longitudinal and vertical position of gravity center and the mass:
l Set X_CG and Z_CG to <2.9> [m] and <0.15> [m] respectively;
l Set the Mass to <558> [kg].

These values should be available from a naval architecture analysis or can be approximated using the
domhydro external executable available with the FINE™/Marine package. For more information,
please see the User Guide for more information on domhydro.
D. Mesh Management
4.1. Double click on Mesh management.

4.2. Click on the Domain mesh management tab and check that Tx0 is active for the Rigid
motion and Tz0 and Ry0 for the Weighted deformation.
4.3. Click on Ok to proceed.

E. Initial Solution
5.1. Double click on Initial solution.

5.2. Set the Interface position(z) (internal surface created earlier in HEXPRESS™ ) to <0.248>
[m].
5.3. Press Ok to confirm.

F. Numerical Parameters
6.1. In the Numerical parameters menu, double click on Numerical schemes and keep the
default settings.

G. Computation Control
Control Variables
7.1.1. In the Computation control menu, double click on the Control variables menu.
Impose the following computation settings under the General/Parameters menu:
l Maximum number of non-linear iterations: <4>;
l Convergence criteria: <2> orders;
l Save solution every: <50> time steps;
7.1.2. Under Time step parameters, set the Number of time steps to: <800>.
7.1.3. Select (from the cascade list) the UNIFORM Time step law.
7.1.4. Tick the Activate sub-cycling acceleration box.

7.1.5. Set the Minimum number of sub-cycles to <1>.
7.1.6. Set the Maximum number of sub-cycles to <5>.
7.1.7. Set the Global time step value to <0.05>.
7.1.8. Set the Target Courant number to <5.0>.
To reach a steady state flow in computations with an interface capturing methodology, an unsteady
approach is mandatory. The discretization of the volume fraction transport equation needs specific
compressive schemes to accurately preserve the sharpness of the interface. As a consequence, it is
required to use very small time steps, even if the CFL (Courant-Friedrich-Lewy) constraint comes

only from the resolution of the fraction volume.
The idea of the sub-cycling acceleration method of the volume fraction equation is to reduce that CFL
condition, by using a specific time step for the volume fraction which is a multiple of the time step
associated with the global simulation. In other words, the global time step is split into a sequence of
smaller ones leading naturally to smaller Courant number (see the figure bellow). As a consequence,
the volume fraction equation is solved several times during a single global time step. As the CPU
time related with the volume fraction equation is not high compared with other parts of the solver,
the global CPU time of the simulation is strongly reduced. Please refer to the User Guide for more
details on Sub-cycling Acceleration.
Depending upon the quality of the initial solution, the density of the mesh (number of nodes) and the
complexity of the underlying flow field, from a few hundred to a few thousand iterations are
typically required to reach convergence. The iterative process is stopped once the convergence criteria
is reached over the entire domain or the maximum number of iterations is executed on the finest grid
level.
7.1.9. Click on Ok to close the window.
Outputs
7.2.1. In the Computation control menu, double click on Outputs to select the output that will
be given.
7.2.2. In the Motion & force variables page, keep the default selected outputs as presented in the
following figure.

7.2.3. In the Optional output variables page, add the outputs 'Residuals' and 'Grid quality: non-
orthogonality' by left-clicking on them.
7.2.4. Click on Ok to close the window.

H. Launch & Control Computation
Save Project and Computation
8.1. Click on the Save Project icon in order to save the project.
Start Computation
8.2. Start the computation by clicking on .
Parallel Computation
Parallel computations are launched through the Task manager. To do so, follow the steps below:
8.3.1. After clicking on the Start computation icon, select Parallel and click on Ok.
It is recommended to assign a maximum of 300.000 cells per partition, for each GByte of RAM
available.
automatically selected.
8.3.2. Enter the number of partitions (see the recommendation above).
8.3.3. Select the machines on which to run the computation by clicking on Machines selection &
balancing.

8.3.4. Click on the Start button to run the selected computation.
The pop up Task Manager window allows following the convergence history of the computation.
To save and stop a computation while running, theSuspend Solver icon should be pressed.
However, to stop the computation without saving, theKill Solver icon should be used.
Monitoring
8.4.1. Click on the Close button to go back to the FINE™/Marine GUI.
8.4.2. Click on in the FINE™/Marine GUI and on OK to open the monitor.

In the Quantities to display menu, it is possible to follow the convergence history for a variety of
quantities (residuals, motions, forces and moments). Multiple components or quantities from
different computations can be displayed together as presented below.

When the computation is finished or still running, the results can be visualized in CFView™ . To
access CFView™ from the FINE™/Marine graphical user interface, press the CFView™ icon
.
Click on the link to start the CFView™ interface and proceed with the post-treatment of
the results!

Representation is typically executed in the form of color contours (smoothed or stripped) and/or
isolines. CFView™ also includes the possibility to interrogate the flow field locally ("local value")
and create 1D Cartesian plots. Advanced capabilities involving curve and/or surface integration can
also be accessed.
A. Visualize Free Surface (Color Contour)
1.1. Click on the Render icon to view the shaded body (by default only the solid patches are
selected when loading a solution) and then on the Fit the View button.
1.2. Double click on Mass Fraction from the Quantities in QAP to select it (the quantity will be
marked by a green tick when active)
1.3. In the Representations area, click on the Contours & Iso-Values section to expand it.

1.4. Click on the Iso-Surface icon and enter the value <0.5><Enter> in the keyboard input
area, then click again on the Iso-surface icon to add the iso-surface in the list of available surfaces.
The value of 0.5 of the mass fraction representing the contact surface between the two fluid - water
and air.
1.5. A new surface called "ISO Mass Fraction=0.5.D1" has been added in the Surfaces list and it
is displayed as a grid as presented below.
1.6. Click on it in the list, then right-click and release Select.

1.7. Press on the New button to create a new quantity:
l set name as <Elevation>,
l set definition as <z> (vertical position).

1.8. Select Apply and Close. By default the new quantity Elevation will be active.
1.9. Click on the Smooth Contour icon in Representations/Contours & Iso Values to
visualize the colormap.
1.10. The pallet of colors can be optimized to the selected surface by clicking on the Colormap
Optimum Range icon in the toolbar.
1.11. Switch off the grid by clicking on the Toggle Grid icon in Representations/Grid.
1.12. Click on Opacity in Representations and decrease the value to about 0.65 by dragging the
cursor (by default set to 1).
1.13. Click on Toggle Light Contour icon under Representations/Lighting & shadows
menu, to activate the lighting effects.
1.14. To hide the ship's edges, select only the solid patches in the Surfaces list (use Type filter in
Surfaces/Filter, unselect All and select SOL patches) then press on the Toggle Boundary icon
.
1.15. To visualize the full domain, go to Geometry menu and select Repetition on/off. Use the
viewing buttons to show the final free surface elevation as presented in the following figure.

CFView™ gives the possibility to superpose representation modes, like isolines with uniform color
can be overlaid on the free surface elevation. The number and/or increment of the isolines can be
controlled, and the range of application can be modified.
B. Add Isolines on Free Surface
2.1. Click-left on "ISO Mass Fraction=0.5.D1" in the Surfaces list, then right-click and release
Select.
2.2. Press on the Isolines icon in Representations/Contours & Iso Values.

2.3. In the dialog box, select Uniform to get black iso-lines (or Contour for colored iso-lines).

2.4. Click Apply to obtain the following figure.
2.5. Close the dialog box.
The above representation of color contour and isolines on free surface can also be obtained by
clicking on the Macros and selecting Represent_Free_Surface option. This will automatically
perform all the operations mentioned in the above steps and will give the representation of color
contour and isolines as shown in the figure above.

C. Generate Streamlines on Free Surface
3.1. Delete the Iso-lines by selecting Update/Delete/Isoline.

3.2. Select the Relative Velocity (double- click) in the Quantities menu and go to
Representation/Vector line / Parameters... or click on Vector Lines Parameters under
Representations/Vector Lines in QAP.
3.3. In General tab, increase the number of points per line to <20000><Enter>, select both as
Direction and surface as Mode.
3.4. Click on Apply and Close the window.
3.5. Check that only the "ISO Mass Fraction=0.5.D1" in the Surfaces list is selected.
3.6. Select Representation/Vector Line/Local menu or click on under

Representations/Vector Lines in QAP and draw some streamlines by clicking on the free
surface (not on the mirrored side, otherwise nothing will be displayed).

For a more realistic view, go to View/Parameters/Perspective menu to activate the perspective
mode.
D. Compute Wetted Surface Area
4.1. Update the view by deleting the streamlines. Go to Update/Delete/Vector Lines.

4.2. Check that all the solid patches are selected in the Surfaces list.
4.3. Select the Mass fraction in the Quantities area.
4.4. Compute the wetted surface value of the quantity by clicking on Scalar Integral icon under
Representations/Integrals in QAP.

4.5. Read the result in the information bar:
4.6. Visualize it by pressing on the Smooth Contour icon in Representations/Contours &

Iso Values to activate the colormap.

The above representation and calculation of the wetted area can also be obtained by clicking on the
Macros and selecting Computed_Wetted_Area. This will automatically perform all the operations
mentioned in the above steps.
E. Visualize Pressure on Ship's Hull
5.1. Select all the solid patches only, in the Surfaces list, if not yet done.
5.2. From the Quantities list, select Pressure (normal stress).
5.3. Click on under Representations/Contours & Iso Values in the QAP then on in the
toolbar to optimize the color range.
5.4. Focus on an area of interest as the link between the shaft and the hull.

The pressure appears rather constant, so a new color range optimization is required.
5.5. Press on Colormap Set Range icon in the toolbar and set range in the keyboard input
area as <-100 2500><Enter>.

To optimize the mapping pallet, observe the limits in the graphic window (the coolest and the hottest
spots), read their values from the color chart and use them as input in the Colormap Set Range.
Areas containing values outside the new range will be displayed as transparent.
F. Draw Volume Streamlines
6.1. Clear the pressure by selecting Update/Delete/All.

6.2. From the Quantities list, select Relative Velocity.
6.3. Keep all solid patches selected in the Surfaces list, press the Render Gouraud icon to
visualize the shaded body.
6.4. Press on the Y Projection button of the viewing buttons to see the ship from aside.
6.5. Go to Geometry/Create Cutting Plane.. or press <L>.
6.6. Press on the X button from the Create Cutting Plane window to generate a Y-Z plane.
6.7. Use the left or write arrow from the Step Scrolling to move the cutting plane just before the
ship's bow. Decrease the Step value for more accurate translations, if needed.
6.8. Press Save and Close when the cutting plane is similar as in the following figure.

The cutting plane has been added in the Surfaces list as "CUT1".
6.9. Press on X Projection button of the viewing buttons for a frontal view and zoom in.
6.10. Click on the Vector Lines Parameters icon under Representations/Vector Lines in
QAP. Under the General tab, increase the number of points per line to <20000><Enter>, set
both as direction, tube as representation, volume as mode and velocity as color.

6.12. Go to the Ribbon & Tube Type tab and decrease the tube radius r0 to <0.03><Enter>.
6.13. Click Apply and Close.

6.14. Select only the cutting plane "CUT1" in the Surfaces list.
6.15. Press the Vector Lines icon under Representations/Vector Lines in QAP and then
click on the cutting plane where you want to draw the 3D streamlines from. The resulting
streamlines are presented in the following figure.

2.1 SELF-PROPULSION
2.1.1 Prerequisites
It is strongly recommended to perform tutorial 1 (advanced) before starting this advanced

tutorial. The meshing details will not be explained.
l 3GB of RAM (4GB strongly recommended)

l 5GB of disk space available to store all files
l 64bits machine with 24 cores strongly recommended
Estimated time:
l Meshing: 3 hours
l Computation time: 1 day (no user interaction required)
l Post-processing: 1 hour
The MOERI container ship (KCS) has been experimented by the Korean Institute for Ships and
Ocean Engineering (now MOERI) and conceived to provide data for both explication of flow
physics and CFD validation for a modern container ship. The present tutorial corresponds to a self
propulsion case at model scale corresponding to the case 2.3a, Hino (2005), used for the last
Gothenburg workshop.
The goal of this tutorial is to provide step-by-step instructions of the simulation of a typical self-
propulsion case to aid in the learning process of FINE™/Marine. The tutorial gives
guidelines/best practices on the complete mesh setup, flow settings and post- processing,
including explanations for sliding grids for projects containing a ship and its propeller. Some
geometrical features make the present a challenging and representative case to mesh. Upon
completion of this tutorial, the user should have covered the most relevant features present in
FINE™/Marine and be conversant with meshing techniques and simulation setup involving
multiple domains.

A scale model self propulsion study for the KCS model will be accomplished with the following
settings:
l Reference length (Lpp) of 7.2786m;
l Imposed propeller rotational speed of 59.69 rad/s;
l Expected final speed in the range of 2 m/s - Froude number 0.2367;
l Draft of 0.341772m in the model frame of reference;
l Water density 998.4 kg/m³;
l Kinematic viscosity 1e-6m²/s.
Two computations will be performed:
l A first one using the Self Propulsion dynamic library the Reference frame method for the
reproduction of the propeller's rotation; this computation will take care of the transient part of
the simulation, characterized by the acceleration of the boat to an approximation of its final
speed;
l A second one deactivating the two features mentioned for the first computation; in this case the
propeller will be physically rotating and the goal of this computation is to achieve a more
accurate final speed.
2.1.3 Preparation
1. Locate and copy the file kcs.dom into your working directory (download Advanced tutorial
archive).

A. Import Domain
1.1. Open FINE™/Marine, select Create a new project/Creating a mesh and press Ok.
1.2. Save the project under the name selfpropulsion.igg in a directory of choice.
1.3. In HEXPRESS™ , import the previously downloaded domain file kcs.dom.
conditions. For practical reasons, rename all the surfaces accordingly and set boundary condition
type at the same time.
2.1. Click on the icon or select the Grid/ Boundary Conditions... menu.
2.2.a. Click on the surface name in the list (and see it highlighted in the view area)

or
2.2.b. Select directly in the graphics area by left-clicking on the surface (middle-click to scroll
through surfaces hidden after each other). Use <Ctrl> or <Shift> to make multiple selections both
in the list or interactively, in the graphics area.
2.3. Set EXT type for the bounding box (Ymin, Ymax, Bottom, Top, Out, In) as presented
below.

2.4. Press Close.
2.5. Select Project/Save to save project.
C. Mesh Wizard - Boat Domain
The following steps illustrate the mesh generation for the two domains:
l the sliding grid around the propeller ("prop");
l the grid consisting of the rest of the model ("boat").
The domain to be meshed can be chosen from the drop down box present in the interface (Active
domain). First, select boat from the drop-down menu.
Initial Mesh
The first step consists of making an initial isotropic Cartesian mesh.

3.1.1. Select the Initial mesh step by ticking the yellow box.
3.1.2. Left-click on Initial mesh in order to view/edit the settings.
3.1.3. Set the values for the initial mesh as shown in the following figure.
3.1.4. Click Ok.

Internal Surface
An internal surface can be created using the respective plug-in. In the interface click on Plugins -
> Marine -> Internal surface creation. This will give an option to specify the height at which
the internal surface is located. Give <0.341772> as the z constant surface value to get the
internal surface as shown in the following figure:
Adaptation
Applying Surface Refinements
3.3.1.1. Select the Adapt to geometry step by ticking the yellow box.
3.3.1.2. Left-click on Adapt to geometry in order to view/edit the settings.
3.3.1.3. Under Global, set the Maximum number of refinements to < 10 >. Then click on
Advanced to expand the advanced option and set Refinement Diffusion to <3>.

3.3.1.5 Click on the Surface refinement tab to activate it and apply the following refinements to
the respective surfaces.
Adaptation
Max Nb of Criteria Max Aspect Refinement
Surface Group
Refinements Target Cell Ratio Diffusion
Sizes
SG_out 9 000 2.0 Global
SG_in 9 000 2.0 Global
SG_ext 9 000 2.0 Global
Hull 7 000 2.0 Global
Transom 7 000 2.0 Global
Deck 3 000 2.0 Global
Shaft_boat 9 000 2.0 Global
ISurface_ 1.58 1.58

8 128 4
Z=0.342772 0.013
Applying Box Refinements
Refinements can be imposed using user-defined boxes.

3.3.2.1. Click on the Box refinement tab.
3.3.2.2. In this tutorial, refinement boxes will be used to prepare zones of refinement around the
propeller, hull and shaft region in the model.
3.3.2.3. Click on New box to create the first box encompassing the sliding grid, propeller and the
hull.
3.3.2.4. Press <c> to place the first corner.
3.3.2.6. Enter the first coordinate <-0.20 -0.55 -0.08> in the input keyboard area (values separated
with a space).
3.3.2.9. Enter the second coordinate <1.50 0.55 0.38> in the input keyboard area.

3.3.2.11. Left-click in the graphics area to accept the box.
3.3.2.12. A yellow box appears in the window.
3.3.2.13. Repeat the above process for the other two boxes with the following coordinates for the
second and third box respectively.
3.3.2.14. Enter the first coordinate <6.56 -0.43 -0.08> in the input keyboard area and <7.58 0.40
0.44> as the second coordinate for the second box.
3.3.2.15. Enter the first coordinate <0.17 -0.16 0.025> in the input keyboard area and <0.38 0.16
0.24> as the second coordinate for the third box.

3.3.2.16. Keep Active selected.
3.3.2.17. Set target cell sizes along X, Y and Z to <0.01><Enter> for the first two boxes and
<0.005><Enter> for the third box.
3.3.2.18. Set Refinement Diffusion to Global and type <Enter>.
3.3.3. Click Ok.
Snapping & Optimization
Multithreading
3.4. Activate the steps, keep the default settings and launch the mesh generation clicking on the
Start button in the wizard.
3.5.1. Select the Viscous layers step by ticking the yellow box.
3.5.2. Left-click on Viscous layers in order to view/edit the settings.

In the Global tab, the user can select one of the two viscous layer insertion methods available:
with or without inflation. By default, inflation with a floating number of layers is selected, this
default setting will be used in this tutorial.
3.5.3. Click on the Surface tab and apply the following viscous layer settings for the surfaces.
Surface Group First Layer Thickness Nb of Layers
Hull 0.001086 8
Transom 0.001086 8
Shaft_boat 0.001086 8
3.5.4. Click Ok.

D. Mesh Wizard - Prop Domain
To mesh the region around the propeller choose prop from the Active domain drop-down menu
in the interface. The meshing procedure is the same as mentioned above.
Initial Mesh
4.1.1. The initial isotropic mesh for the propeller has 576 cells with 4 divisions in the <x>
direction and 12 divisions in the <y> & <z> directions, as shown in the following image:

4.1.2. Click Ok.
Adaptation
Applying Edge Refinements
4.2.1.1. Select the Adapt to geometry step by ticking the yellow box.
4.2.1.2. Left-click on Adapt to geometry in order to view/edit the settings.
4.2.1.3. Under Global, set the Maximum number of refinements to < 6 >. Then click on
Advanced to expand the advanced option and set Refinement Diffusion to <4>.
4.2.1.4. Left-click on the Curve refinement tab and select the 10 curves pertaining to the edges
of the blades (as presented in below figure) and group them under edge.

4.2.1.5. Select Active and choose < 6 > as the maximum number of refinements. Activate
Target Cell Sizes and keep <0.0> in all directions.
Applying Surface Refinements
4.2.2. Click on the Surface refinement tab and apply the following refinements.
Max nb of Adaptation Max Aspect Refinement

Surface Group
Refinements Criteria Ratio Diffusion
SG (in,ext,out) 3 000 2.0 Global
tip(1,2,3,4,5) 6 000 2.0 Global
blade
(bf1,2,3,4,5)
3 000 2.0 Global
blade
(bb1,2,3,4,5)
cap, hub, shaft 2 000 2.0 Global

4.2.3. Click Ok.
4.3. Activate the steps, keep the default settings and launch the mesh generation by clicking on
the Start button from the wizard.
4.4.1. Follow the same procedure as explained above for boat.

4.4.2. Apply the following viscous layer settings for the surfaces
Surface Group First Layer Thickness Nb of layers
tip(1,2,3,4,5) 0.000256 5
blade(bf1,2,3,4,5)
0.000256 5
blade(bb1,2,3,4,5)
cap, hub, shaft 0.001086 8
As a general guideline, for simulations aiming at reproducing the revolution of propellers it is always
recommended to generate a mesh which will lead to values of Y + < 1 on the propeller's surface. In
this particular case, NUMECA noticed that using the aforementioned values for viscous layers
together with Wall function as boundary condition still leads to good results, thus this setup is chosen
to save computational time. The following viscous layer setup together with No- slip boundary
condition on the respective surfaces should be used for high fidelity results:
Surface Group First Layer Thickness Nb of layers
tip(1,2,3,4,5) 0.000005 24
blade (bf1,2,3,4,5)
0.000005 24
blade(bb1,2,3,4,5)
cap, hub, shaft 0.001086 8
4.4.3. Click Ok.


E. Full Non-Matching Connections
Since there are two domains, it is needed to perform some actions in order to define the behavior
of the solver at the interface between the domains.
Sliding patches are interfaces forming boundaries between two or more domains and referred as
FNMB (Full Non- Matching Boundary conditions) in HEXPRESS™ . In computations involving
multiple domains it is imperative to search and compute FNMB connections.
5.1. Click on Grid from the menu and select Non Matching Connections.
5.2. Click on Search Connections first.

5.3. Select the connections and click Compute.

Now the actual interfaces between the two domains (with three defined FNMB and computed
connections) are presented as follows:

F. Save Project
6.1. Go to Project/Save or click on the Save icon and save the project in the '_mesh' folder.
FINE™/Marine GUI.
You are now back to the FINE™/Marine interface and ready to click on the link and
proceed with the computation setup!

2.1.5 Flow Settings
The computation is run in two steps. First, the computation is run with a large time step of 0.0053s
and then with a small time step value of 0.00053s to stabilize the propeller thrust. The second
computation will be restarted from first computation with input history from the first computation.
General Properties
1.1.1. In the Physical configuration menu, double click on General parameters and keep
Steady active.
Fluid Model
1.2.1. In the Physical Configuration menu, double click on Fluid model and keep Multi-fluid
active and default fluid settings.

Flow Model
1.3.1. Double click on Flow model.

1.3.2. Keep k-omega (SST-Menter) as Turbulence model and the gravity intensity set as -9.81
[m/s²].
1.3.3. Set reference length to <7.2786><Enter>.
1.3.4. Set reference velocity to <2.0><Enter>.

B. Boundary Conditions & Body Definition
2.1. Double click on Boundary conditions.

2.2. In the SOLID page, assign "Slip" condition to the "deck" patch as shown below.

2.3. Assign "Wall-function" to rest of the patches as shown in the following figure.

2.4. In the "EXTERNAL" page, "Top" and "Bottom" patches are assigned "Prescribed
pressure" condition with "updated hydrostatic pressure" option as shown below. Assign "Far
field" condition to rest of the external patches.

2.6. Double click on Body definition and group the patches as shown below. One can also create
sub-bodies for each blade and the hub to get forces separately but it is not mandatory since it will
not influence the computation. Click on Ok to confirm.

C. Body Motion
3.1. Double click on Body motion.

3.2. Keep Activate Cardan Angles active.
3.3. Click on prop to assign the motion parameters to the propeller.
3.4. Enable the option attach selected body to and choose boat from the drop down with Pin
connection.
3.5. Click on Edit... and enter the connection point <0.12737 0 0.12974> and normal direction <1
0 0>

3.6. Change the motion type to Imposed and motion law to 1/4 sinusoidal ramp as shown in the
figure.
3.7. Click on Edit"¦ to define the settings of the motion law.
3.8. Set final time (t1) to <6><Enter> and final velocity (V1) to <59.69026><Enter>.
3.10. Set Reference point to <0.12737 0 0.12974>.

3.11. Click on boat to assign the motion parameters to the ship.
3.12. Change the law of motion for the degree of freedom Tx0 to Imposed as Motion type and
Dynamic library as Motion law.

D. Mesh Management
The displacement of mesh is defined under Mesh Management depending on the motion
characteristics defined for the patches. The mesh can have either rigid motion or weighted
deformation based on whether the patches have fixed or solved motion for any of the degrees of
freedom.
4.1. Double click on Mesh management.

4.2. Click on prop to assign the mesh parameters to the propeller domain.
4.3. Under Domain mesh management page, set Copy rigid motion from to prop and select
Rigid motion for all the degrees of freedom and select Activate rotating frame method under
Rotating frame.
4.4. Click on boat to assign the mesh parameters to the ship domain.

4.5. Under Domain mesh management page, set Copy rigid motion from to boat and select
Rigid motion as the mesh displacement definition for the motion in X (Tx0). The other degrees
of motion will be disabled since the motion is prescribed only in TX0 and the rest of the degrees
of freedom are fixed.

E. Initial Solution
5.1. Double click on Initial solution.

5.2. Set Interface position(z) with the vertical position of the free surface (internal surface created
earlier in HEXPRESS™ ) to <0.341772><Enter> [m].

F. Computation Control - Control Variables
6.1. In the Computation control menu, double click on Control variables menu.
6.2. Define the following computation settings under the Time step panel:
l Number of time steps to <2200> <Enter>;
l Time step law as UNIFORM from the cascade list;
l Time step value to <0.0053>.
6.3 Define the following computation settings under the Convergence panel:
l Maximum number of non-linear iterations: <8> <Enter>;
l Convergence criteria: <2> <Enter> orders;
l Save solution every: <50> <Enter> time steps.
6.3. Previous settings are shown in the following figures.

6.4. Click on Ok to close the window.
G. self propulsion dynamic library
7.1. Click on the Self Propulsion dynamic libraryicon in the Icon bar to open the self
propulsion menu.
7.2. In the new window select Propeller as Type of self-propulsion and Fixed RPM as Mode
and then press Next >>

7.3. In the next window, set Diameter of the propellers to <0.24>.
7.4. Click on Ok to close the window.

H. Launch & Control Computation
Save Project & Computation
Start Computation
8.2. Start the computation by clicking on .
Parallel Computation
Parallel computations can be launched through the Task manager. To do so, follow the steps
below:
8.3.1. After clicking on Start icon, select Parallel and click on Ok.
It is recommended to assign a maximum of 300.000 cells per partition, per each GByte of RAM
available.
automatically selected.
8.3.2. Enter the number of partitions calculating as recommended above.
8.3.3. Select the machines on which to run the computation by clicking on Machines selection &
balancing.
8.3.4. Click on Start button to run the selected computation.

I. Computational Setup for Second Computation
While the first computation is running, a second computation can be setup. A second computation
has to be run with a smaller time step in order to let the propeller to physically rotate (whereas .
All the settings are kept the same for second computation except for Initial Solution and time step
value in Control Variables.
9.1. Click on Close button to go back to FINE™/Marine GUI

9.2. In the interface, under the Computations menu create a new computation by clicking on
New.
9.3. Double click on Initial solution and choose Restart from previous computation option
and give the path of the ".sim" file of the previous computation. Append convergence outputs
option must be enabled.
9.4. In the Mesh Management menu, select the domain prop and deactivate the Frame
reference method;
9.5. Double click on the Body Motion menu, select the body boatand change the law motion
type for the degree of freedom Tx0 to Solved;

9.6. In the Computation control menu, double click on Control variables menu.
9.7. Define the following computation settings under the Time step panel:
l Number of time steps to <10000> <Enter>;
l Time step law as UNIFORM from the cascade list;
l Time step value to <0.00053>.
9.8. In the Convergence panel, activate the Convergence Checker and set its parameters as
follows:
9.9. Save the computation and launch it as explained for the previous case as soon as the first
computation is over.

J. Monitoring
10.1. Click on the Close button to go back to FINE™/Marine GUI.
10.2. Click on in FINE™/Marine GUI and on OK to open the monitor.

momentum, motions variables) for which one would like to follow the convergence history.
Multiple components or quantities from different computations can be displayed together as
presented below.
When the iterative process is over or when a solution is saved, as part of the FINE™/Marine
environment, NUMECA proposes the visualization and post-treatment tool CFView™ for that
purpose. CFView™ is entirely integrated within the environment and includes numerous tools.

To access CFView™ from the FINE™ graphical user interface, press the CFView™ icon
and choose Traveling shot based on boat from the pop-up menu.
the results!
Representation is typically executed in the form of color contours (smoothed or stripped) and/or
isolines. CFView™ also includes the possibility to interrogate the flow field locally ("local value")
and create 1D Cartesian plots. Advanced capabilities involving curve and/or surface integration can
also be accessed.
A. Visualize Free Surface (Color Contour with isolines)
1.1. Click on the Macros option from the menu bar and select Group_Patches_By_Type. This
option will group the patches according to their type. Then, select the solid patches only.
1.2. Click on the Render icon to view the shaded body and then on the Fit the View button.
1.3. Click on the Preferences menu and select Colormap type ...; in the opening window move
to the Color and position tab, flag Matlab Style: and select Jet from the dropdown menu.

1.3. Click on the Macros menu and select Represent_Free_Surface. This will automatically plot
the free surface color contour with isolines.
1.3. To improve the visibility of the image the following actions can be performed:
1.3.1 Click on Opacity in Representations and decrease the value to about 0.65 by dragging the
cursor.
1.3.2. Click on the Toggle Light Contour icon under Representations/Lighting &
shadows menu, to activate the lighting effects. The final result will look like this:
B. Visualize Pressure on the Propeller
2.1. First remove the free surface and the streamlines. Go to Update/Delete All.
2.2. Select all the solid patches only, in the Surfaces list, if not done yet.
2.3. From the Quantities list, select Pressure (normal stress).
2.4. Click on under Representations/Contours & Iso Values in the QAP then on in the
toolbar to optimize the color range.
2.5. Focus on an area of interest as Propeller.
2.6. Click on the Colormap Set Range icon in the toolbar and set range in the keyboard
input area as <-1500 6000><Enter>.

2.7. Click on the Toggle Light Contour icon in the Representations/Lighting & shadows
menu, to activate the lighting effects.
To optimize the mapping pallet, observe the limits in the graphic window (the coolest and the hottest
spots), read their values from the color chart and use them as input in the Colormap Set Range .
Areas containing values outside the new range will not be displayed.
C. Visualize y+ values on propeller and hull
It is always important to check the values of Y+ on the bodies, to make sure that the right cell
height has been chosen for a given boundary condition. Since here we are using wall function on
both the hull and the propeller, we should have Y + values in the range of 30-300.
3.1. First clean the scene. Go to Update/Delete All.
3.2. Select all the solid patches only, in the Surfaces list, if not done yet.
3.3. From the Quantities list, select Y+.
3.4. Click on under Representations/Contours & Iso Values to let the Y+ values appear.
3.5. Focus on an area of interest, as the Propeller and the part of the hull underwater.

D. Draw Streamlines on the Ship's Hull
The next steps will enable visualizing streamlines on ship's hull below the free surface.
4.1. Select the Relative Velocity (double-click) in the Quantities menu.
4.2. Click on New under the Quantities menu.
4.3. Select Vector by Components. In the Name field give a name for the quantity as "RV_
Hull" and enter the values for the definitions as shown in the figure.

4.4. Click Apply and close the window.
4.5. Double Click "RV_Hull" now from the Quantities menu and go to Representation/Vector
line /Parameters... or click on Vector Lines Parameters under Representations/Vector
Lines in QAP.
4.6. In General tab, set the number of points per line to <20000> and max points per cell to
< 20 >, select both as Direction and surface as Mode. Click on Apply to confirm the new
settings.

4.7. Select the solid patches. Click on the Render icon to view the shaded body and then on
the Fit the View button.
4.8. Select Representation/Vector Line/Local menu or click on under

Representations/Vector Lines in QAP and draw some streamlines as shown below.

3.1 2D FALLING OBJECT
3.1.1 Prerequisites
It is strongly recommended to perform the beginner level tutorials 1 and 2 before starting this
tutorial. In this advanced tutorial the basic settings for meshing and the simulation will not be
described.
l 1GB of RAM
l 1.5GB of disk space available to store all files
l 64bits machine with at least 1 core
Estimated time:
l Meshing: 20 minutes
l Computation time: 9 hours
l Post-processing: 15 minutes

FIGURE 3.1
2D falling object
The goal of this tutorial is to provide step-by-step instructions for the simulation of a typical falling
or slamming marine case, in order to aid in the learning process of FINE™/Marine. The tutorial
gives guidelines/ best practices on the complete mesh set-up, flow settings including adaptive grid
refinement settings and post-processing, also applicable to other marine cases. The model is a 2D
falling object of prismatic shape. It reproduces the experimental tests performed to find out the
wave slamming pressure on high speed boats when a bow section of the hull fitted with pressure
sensors is dropped vertically into the water. The object has a base of 610 mm, 320 mm isosceles
edges, and a mass of 100 kilograms. It is falling from a height of 720 mm. Upon completion of
this tutorial, the user should have covered important features such as the adaptive grid refinement
procedure and the creation of an animation.
This simulation is challenging as the flow is fully unsteady with significant free surface
deformation. The falling 2D object is restricted to a downward vertical fall. This means that for
the model the mesh displacement definition will be set to rigid motion in the Y-direction. With
rigid mesh deformation the grid density should be very high throughout the domain to accurately
capture the free surface foam and breaking waves. This also means that the mesh is highly refined
in regions farther away from the impact location where the free surface is still at rest. For these
reasons, a very fine mesh may become an impractical approach. Instead of a domain with a very
high density grid, it is a best practice to start with a coarse mesh and activate the adaptive grid
refinement feature in the solver. Here, since the simulation is symmetric, only half of the model
will be used. This setup will be discussed in detail in the following sections.
3.1.3 Preparation
1. Locate and copy the file 2dprism_ ASCII- 1.stl into your working directory ( download
Advanced tutorial archive).

3.1.4 Graphical User Interfaces
FIGURE 3.2
HEXPRESS™

FIGURE 3.3
FINE™/Marine

FIGURE 3.4
CFView™
A. Domain Creation
1.1. Open FINE™/Marine and select Create a new project/Creating a mesh and press Ok.
1.2. Define the project name as 2D_Prism in the directory of your choice.
1.3. Once in HEXPRESS™ , click the Import triangulation <.stl> button to select the STL file
2dprism_ ASCII- 1.stl as previously downloaded. The STL file contains colors which help
HEXPRESS™ to immediately identify the faces.

1.4. Click on the group of faces 2dprism_ASCII-1.stl to highlight all the faces in green and click
on the Create Domain button in the Edit sub menu from the STL Manipulation.
1.5. Go to the _mesh directory located inside the project folder previously created and click on Ok
to save it under the name 2d_prism.dom.
1.6. Accept the import of the domain file and in the tools bar, toggle the Grid generation mode
to 2D.
conditions.
2.1. Click on the icon or click on Grid/ Boundary Conditions...

2.2. Specify all the boundary condition types as illustrated on the following figure:

l create a group called "2d_prism" with the 2 solid patched of the prism
l set all the other patches to EXT (external) except the 2 horizontal faces which are set to MIR
(mirror).
Select "Not used for trimming" when a message pops up about "group 6".
One can notice that "group_ 6" and "group_ 8" should be defined as MIR as well. But
HEXPRESS™ needs exactly 2 mirror faces in order to be able to recognize a 2D case.
Therefore, these 2 boundary conditions will be changed to MIR after the mesh has been
generated.
2.3. Click on Close to close the window.
C. Mesh Wizard
Initial Mesh
The first step consists in making an initial isotropic Cartesian mesh.

3.1.1 Select the Initial mesh step by ticking the yellow box.
3.1.2 Left-click on Initial mesh in order to view/edit the settings.
The initial isotropic mesh has 300 cells (15 in X-direction, 20 in Y-direction).
Adaptation
3.2.1. Select and open the Adapt to geometry menu in the Mesh Wizard.
3.2.2. Set the maximum number of refinements to 7 in the Global tab and the global diffusion to 4
(under Advanced >>>)
3.2.3. Go to the Surface refinement tab and select the 2 patches defining the prism and group
them under the name "2d_prism".
3.2.4. Set 7 refinements with a Target cell size of 0.005 in X and Y-directions.

3.2.5. Go to the Box refinement tab and create a refinement box by pressing on the button New
box.
3.2.6. Press the "c" key to specify the corner of the box instead of the center.
3.2.7. In the input bar area, specify the coordinates for X and Y: -1.04, -0.77 , and then press
"Enter" to validate.
3.2.8. Specify the second corner which is located in: 0 0.15 , and then press "Enter" key to
validate.
3.2.9. Left-click to confirm the box creation.
3.2.10. Enter a target cell size of 0.02 and a diffusion of 2. Check the Volumic option. It is
necessary to initialize a first refinement before the adaptive refinement runs during the simulation.
The free surface mesh refinement will be fully driven by the solver during the adaptive grid
refinement cycles. So there is no need to create and refine the mesh at the free surface location.

3.3 Activate the Snapping and Optimization steps and launch the mesh generation by clicking
on the Start button in the wizard.

There is no need to add viscous layers on this mesh since the turbulence does not have the time to
develop during the short time of the impact. Hence, the RANS turbulence models are not suitable for
this calculation.
3.4 Go back to the Boundary conditions menu and change the "group_ 6" and "group_ 8"
patches to MIR.
D. Save Project

4.1. Go to Project/Save or click on the Save icon and save the project under the '_mesh'
folder.
The mesh folder contains the mesh topology, geometry, grid points and the boundary condition types
among others:
l '.bcs': boundary conditions file,
l '.dom': geometry file,
l '.igg': topology file,
l '.hex': grid points file,
l '.rep': report file,
l '.dist': distance file,
l '.fnmb': FNMB connections,
l '.qualityReport': quality report file.
In addition a subdirectory named "cache" contains resulting mesh files after each step of the mesh
generation (for example "_snap.hex" as resulting mesh after snapping process). Hence, the user can
delete a step from the mesh wizard and immediately get the previous mesh step.
FINE™/Marine GUI.
You are now back to the FINE™/Marine interface and ready to click on the link and
proceed with the computation setup!
3.1.6 Flow Settings
General Flow Properties
1.1. The list below gives all the settings that should be defined for the simulation. These are
standard settings. However, dedicated sections will follow for the body motion and mesh
management parameters.

l General Parameters/Time Configuration : Unsteady
l Fluid model: Fluid-1:Water; Fluid-2: Air (keep default fluid properties)
l Flow model:
l Regime/Turbulence model :Laminar (the turbulence does not have the time to develop
during the short time of the impact so turbulent models are not suitable)
l Gravity intensity : -9.81 m/s²
l Reference Length : 0.305 m
l Reference velocity : 1 m/s
l Boundary conditions:
l SOLID: All patches of the prism are walls set to "No slip"
l EXTERNAL:
l Side patches set to "Far field" with Vx = Vy = 0 m/s
l Bottom and skyline patches set to "Prescribed Pressure †' Updated hydrostatic pressure"
l MIRROR: No user input required.

l Body definition: Group the 2 solid surfaces into a single body called "2d_prism"
l Initial Solution:
l Uniform values: Vx=Vy=0 m/s
l Interface position: y = -0.721011 m
Body Motion
1.2.1. In the Motion Definition tab from the Body Motion menu, only the degree of freedom Ty0
must be set to Solved (please click on the picture to enlarge it!)

1.2.2. In the Dynamic parameters tab, enter the following data:
l Center of gravity: (0,0)
l Mass: 50kg
l Inertia matrix (C): 0.5 kg.m²

Mesh Management
1.3. Under the Mesh management menu, Ty0 should be set as Rigid. Indeed, the whole domain
including the mesh will move according to the body motion to avoid any weighted mesh
deformation. Hence the free surface will move through the domain which explains the reason
why adaptive grid refinement is mandatory.

B. Numerical Parameters
Numerical Schemes
2.1. In the Numerical parameters menu, adapt the numerical schemes to:
l AVLSMART for the Turbulence
l HYBRID for the Momentum
l BRICS for the Multi-fluid
It should be noted that the HYBRID scheme is used since AVLSMART is not yet compatible
with the expert parameter that will be activated (Rhonormalisation_) later on in this tutorial.

Adaptive Grid Refinement
2.2.1. Under the Criterion tab of the Adaptive grid refinement menu, select the Free surface
(tensor) criterion type.
This criterion is preferred for unsteady flows, in this case it also helps to generate less refinements (so
minimize the grid density) in the presence of foam and breaking waves.
For the Target grid spacing normal to free surface input, enter the value <0.00165>.
For the target Grid Spacing Normal to the Free Surface dimension, a good practice is to use the
following formula:
T = dz(1+Îµ)/2
where Îµ is usually 30%, dz is the commonly recommended cell size normal to the free surface.
2.2.3. In order to ensure that this target is met by the adaptive grid refinement technique, set a low
value for the Minimum size limit for refined cells to <0>.

2.2.4. Under the Grid quality tab, the criterion diffusion should be entered as follows:
l Number of layers copying full criterion value: 1;
l Number of layers copying fraction of value: 2;
l Fraction: 0.71.
2.2.5. For the Boundary layer protection, any type of refinement in any cell direction near the
walls can be allowed since there are no viscous layers in the mesh.

2.2.6. Under the Box tab, change the minimum X-coordinate to <-1.04> and the maximum to
<0>.
In order to avoid unnecessary generation of cells it will be necessary to use the

Isotropic/directional refinement box. It allows to adaptively refine the cells in all directions in an
area close to the object so that the breaking waves can be captured only in this area

2.2.7. Go to the Control tab and set the Number of steps between calls to refinement
procedure to <4> to adapt the mesh very frequently.
2.2.8. Activate the option Reinitialize solution after first refinement. This will allow to "re-
shape" the free surface to finer cells immediately after the first refinement.
2.2.9. Activate the advanced parameter Base free surface criterion on smoothed mass fraction.
The criterion should be activated when the free surface travels fast through the domain. It has
more or less the same effect as adding more layers copying the full criterion value.
2.2.10. Activate Use criterion diffusion by convection. This will refine in the direction of the
flow taking into account the CFL number: the larger the face CFL number, the more buffer layers
are created in the direction of the face; and thus, the buffer layers follow the motion of the fluid.

C. Computation Control
Control Variables
3.1.1. In the Computation control menu, double click on Control variables.

Define the following computation settings under the General/Parameters menu:
l Maximum number of non-linear iterations: 14;
l Convergence criteria: 2 orders;
l Save solution every: 100 time steps.

This case is highly unsteady, a simulation where the air- water interface moves rapidly (breaking
waves, splashing, rising bubbles). When compared to a steady flows, increasing the maximum number
of non-linear iterations is necessary.
3.1.2. Under Time step parameters, complete Number of time steps to <10000>.
3.1.3. Select the Time step law ADAPTED TO COURANT NB from the drop down list .
3.1.4. Set the Courant Number to <0.3>.
3.1.5. Insert the Maximum time step value as <0.01>[s].
3.1.6. Set the Tmax to <5>[s].
The chosen time step law is "Adapted to Courant Number Law" . This law is adaptive meaning the
time step is not known in advance and it will be adapted after each time step, computed with the
objective to reach a target Courant number. For this law, the parameters are a target Courant Number,
a maximum value in seconds for the time step, and the maximum simulation time in seconds. For
highly unsteady cases and for a high level of accuracy, the target Courant number is set to 0.3 to use
the compressibility of the numerical scheme. This time step law is well adapted to impact simulations
since the speed of the interface is very important through the domain.

3.1.7. Go to the Advanced tab and change the following expert parameters as follows:
l addUnsteady_ : "NO"
l RhoNormalisation_ : "EQC" (this parameter normalizes the equations to avoid large numbers
and so difficult numerical resolutions. This parameter is not compatible yet with AVLSMART
numerical scheme, as mentioned in Numerical schemes section).
Outputs
3.2.1. In the Computation control menu, double click on Outputs to select the output to be
visualized.
3.2.2. In the Motion & force variables page, keep the default selected outputs.
3.2.3. In the Probes variables page, add the Mass Fraction probe from the list of Volume data
and define a frequency of <0.0005> second as presented in the following figure.
D. Launch & Control Computation
Save Project & Computation

Start Computation
4.2. Start the computation in sequential by clicking on .
Monitoring
4.3.1. As soon as the computation is started, click on in FINE™/Marine GUI and on OK to

open the monitor.
momentum, motions variables) for which one would like to follow the convergence history.
Multiple components or quantities from different computations can be displayed together.
4.3.2. To access CFView™ from the FINE™/Marine graphical user interface, press the
CFView™ icon and select the Unsteady result (reconstruction required) option.
"Last saved result" allows to post-process the most recent save point (this result cannot be animated).
The "Unsteady result (reconstruction required)" option allows the user to select which solution probes
will be reconstructed. The user can also adjust the reconstruction and time step skipping intervals.
4.3.3. Select <4> as probe skip interval to only reconstruct 1 out of 4 probes.
4.3.4. Deactivate the traveling shot for the degree of freedom Ty0.
The traveling shot section defines the camera behavior in CFView™ : if the traveling shot is
following the body motion (previously defined in the computation setup), the camera will follow the
body along the active DOF. In that case, the user will have access to the relative velocity and if "no
traveling shot" is defined, the camera will remain fixed to an absolute position during the animation.

4.3.5. Click Ok to execute the reconstruction process. During this process the user can monitor
the reconstruction progress in the FINE™/Marine Task Manager window. The reconstruction
process may take some time. CFView™ will be launched at the end of it.
the results!
1.1. Once CFView™ is opened, click on Apply to load all time steps.

1.2. In the Surfaces list, right click and hold on "group_0_Mirror" and release on Select to select
this patch only.
1.3. In the Quantities list, double-click on the MASS FRACTION (this quantity is the only one
available since we have only selected this volume probe in the Output menu in the computation
settings) to select it.
1.4. Show the grid by clicking on the Toggle Grid icon in Representations/Grid.
1.5. Click on the Smooth Contour icon in Representations/Contours & Iso Values to
visualize the scalar field and the colormap.
1.6. Click twice on the Z-icon in the viewing buttons and adapt the view by zooming in or out.
1.7. Go to the Geometry menu and click on Repetition on/off to see a duplicated solution.
1.8. Launch the animation by clicking on the icon Animate .

10.2
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TUTORIALS

2 FINE™/Marine 10.2 Tutorials

3 FINE™/Marine 10.2 Tutorials

4 FINE™/Marine 10.2 Tutorials

5 FINE™/Marine 10.2 Tutorials

6 FINE™/Marine 10.2 Tutorials

Where to Find the Files Used in the Tutorials?

Conventions Used in the Tutorials

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8 FINE™/Marine 10.2 Tutorials

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Where to Find the Files Used in the Tutorials?

Conventions Used in the Tutorials

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11 FINE™/Marine 10.2 Tutorials

D. Estimated Engineering and Computing Time

Engineering time (user interaction required):

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How to launch FINE™/Marine

1.1.2 Mesh generation

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l Click on Create Box.

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l Click on Create Domain.

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l Select the zmax boundary.

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l Save the mesh in the _mesh folder as Driven_cavity:

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l Click on Ok to close this window.

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l In the Flow Model Parameters menu:

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l Open the Body definition window.

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l Open the Initial solution menu and set Vx to 1.0 m/s.

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l Save the project and the simulation file .

l Start the computation . The following menu appears:

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1.1.4 Post Processing

A. Cutting Plane Creation

l Click on button in order to set the normal to Y.

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B. Solid and Opacity Rendering

l In the Surfaces panel, select the xmin, ymax and zmin.

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l Select the CUT2 surface by right-clicking on it and releasing on Select.

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l Select the CUT1 surface by right-clicking on it and releasing on Select.

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The view can be cleaned by using the Update/Delete/All tool.

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D. Estimated Engineering and Computing Time

Engineering time (user interaction required):