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A communication system, basic experiment of signal transmission between

transmitter and receiver antenna, laboratory experience.

Preprint · March 2021

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Bengisu Yücel
Cankaya University
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 EE402 LAB WORK-1
Bengisu YÜCEL
c1726083@student.cankaya.edu.tr

Abstract
Telecommunication is the exchange of information using two or more data. In this paper, we demonstrate
the application of telecommunication technology at the beginning level by working on signals. An application of
transfer signal with transmitter antenna to receiver antenna in the air. In addition to that, this paper explains how
electromagnetic waves are transferred. We will prove this experiment with formulas.

1 Introduction
[1]An electric field is the physical field that surrounds
each electric charge and exerts a force on all other
charges in the field, either attracting or repelling them.
Electric fields originate from electric charges, or from
time-varying magnetic fields. Electric fields and mag-
netic fields are both manifestations of the electromag- Figure 2: Direction of the waves
netic force, one of the four fundamental forces (or inter-
actions) of nature. [2]A magnetic field is a vector field
that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric
charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. We
[3]The transmitting antenna radiates the radio waves
use an oscilloscope, two cables which are duty to being
in space in all directions. These radio waves travel
antennas and AC generator. We change the frequencies
with the velocity of light 3x108m/sec. The radio waves
and examine the best frequency band to transfer the sig-
are electromagnetic waves and possess the same gen-
nal correctly and find the maximum power transfer. In
eral properties.For the radiation at least antenna length
a wireless communication system, the signal goes in the
should be bigger than, λ/4. For modulation we need,
electromagnetic field. So, Maxwell’s equations is carry
weight with the electromagnetic field

dB • Wireless Communication,
∇×E =− (1)
dT

With this equation, the relationship between the elec-

tric field and magnetic field can be determined. • Operating Range,
An ideal electromagnetic wave can be represented in
three-directional space as a magnetic field in x direction
and an electric field in y direction.
• Practical Antenna Length.

Figure 1: Direction of the waves
A typical communication system consists of a trans-
mitter and receiver antenna. The transmitter transmits
the signal into space through an antenna. These waves
propagate through space. The receive antenna gets these
waves and converts. The block diagram is shown in be-
low.
2 Laboratory Work
In this laboratory work, we set Vpp as ten volts. The
phase is zero degrees. The frequency is changing between
10- 20 MHz. We give sinusoidal waves by Awg-1020 Func-
tion/Arbitrary Waveform Generator device. According
to changing the value of the frequency, we show the peak
to peak voltage values in an oscilloscope. In Matlab, we
summarize these voltages vs frequencies In lab experi-
ment for 10 MHz we set and saw 37.2 mVpp

1
 Figure 6: Receiver part equivalent circuit

For maximum transfer from electric circuit lessons,

when the ZO which is the oscilloscope impedance which
∗
is equal to the ZA is the antenna impedance value.
Then,the maximum power is,
Figure 3: Generator Settings 2
Vpp
Pmax = . (2)
R
So,
(2.76)2
Pmax = = 0.138mW. (3)
50
If we examine the plotting values, after 16 MHz the value
is also decreasing because of distance. The Receiver an-
tenna is like capacitance. Relating to the Wavelength
from the equation,
c
λ= . (4)
f
So at 16 MHz the wavelength is,
300
λ= = 18m. (5)
16
From this value, we find the least distance for radiation
Figure 4: Osciloscope Interface needed,
λ
distance = = 4.2m. (6)
Just like in figures after connect the transmitter an- 4
tenna to ac source and receiver antenna to oscilloscope in In addition to that, this system does not work properly
wireless system we examine the results. The table shows in low frequency, the wavelength increase.
that,

3 Conclusion
As a result of this experiment, we have seen what are the
parameters in a simple wireless communication system,
what are the propagation of electromagnetic waves and
the requirements for the transmission of the signal.

4 References
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2
61252560 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A LECTURE N
OTES BY Mahesh Lohith K S

Figure 5: Freq. vs Vpp in Matlab
At 16 MHz, we gained the maximum voltage value.
The significant question here is why at 16 MHz, we get
that much value. The answer is determining the param-
eters depends on the distance resistive value and the sys-
tem environment. The receiver antenna part is the basic
figure shown below.
• https://www.britannica.com/science/Maxwell
s-equations
• https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/defini
tions/maxwells-equations-and-electromagn
etic-waves-2
• http://electronique1.blogspot.com/2011/02
/radio-broadcasting-transmission-and.html
• EE402.pdf

2
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