LNET-ELECTRIC-013

电气安全知识2
Electrical safety
knowledge 2

Lecturer：
Content:

触电防护 electric shock prevention

 触电防护
electric shock prevention

1、安全电压 safety voltage

2、绝缘 insulation
3、屏护 screen protection
4、间距 spacing
5、电气隔离 electric isolation
6、接地与接零 ground connection and netural connection
7、漏电保护 electric leakage protection
8、电气联锁 electric interlock
9、安全工具 safety tool
 触电防护
electric shock prevention

安全电压 safety voltage：

人体与电接触时，对人体各部位组织（如皮肤、心脏、呼吸系统和神经系统
）不会造成任何损害的电压。
When human body contact with electricity, it does not cause any
damage to the tissues of human body. (such as skin, heart,
respiratory system, and nervous system)
根据具体环境条件的不同，安全电压值得规定：
According to different specific environmental conditions, the safety
voltage should be specified:
在无高度触电危险的建筑物中为65V；
在有高压触电危险的建筑物中为36V；
在有特别触电危险的建筑物中为12V。
65V in buildings without high risk of electric shock;
36V in buildings with high voltage electric shock hazard;
12V in buildings with a special risk of electric shock.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention
安全距离 safe distance：
为了防止人体触及或过分接近带电体, 防止车辆和其他物体碰撞带电体, 以及避免
发生各种短路、火灾和爆炸事故，在人体与带电体之间、带电体与地面之间、带
电体与带电体之间、带电体与其他物体和设施之间，都必须保持一定的距离。
In order to prevent human body touch electrified body or approach it
excessively, or prevent vehicle and other objects crash electrified body,
and prevent all kinds of short circuit、fire disaster and explosive accident,
a curtain distance must be kept between human body and electrified
body、between electrified body and ground、between electrified body
and electrified body、between electrified body and other object or
facilities.

电压等级 voltage classes 安全距离 safe distance

10KV及以下 0.7m
35KV 1m
110KV 1.5m
 触电防护
electric shock prevention
绝缘 insulation
绝缘是用不导电物把带电体封闭起来.
Insulation is to seal up the charged body by non-conductive substances .
常用的绝缘材料有陶瓷、橡胶、塑料、云母、玻璃、木材、布、纸、矿物油，以
及某些高分子合成材料等。
The commonly used insulation materials are ceramics, rubber, plastic,
mica, glass, wood, cloth, paper, mineral oil, and some high polymer
synthetic materials.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention
屏护 screen protection：
采用遮栏、护罩、箱匣、金属管等装置把带电体与外界隔开。
Separate the electrical charged body from outer space by barriers,
shield, boxes and metal pipes.
类型 type：
永久性与临时性装置Permanent and temporary installations
固定式与移动式装置Fixed and mobile devices
使用要求operating requirement：
应与警示标志及联锁装置配合使用
Should be used in conjunction with warning signs and interlocking
devices.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention
间距 spacing：线路间距 line spacing
架空线路应避免跨越建筑物，必须跨越时，应取得有关部门的同意。
The overhead lines shall be avoided across buildings, the consent of related
department shall be obtained when it must crossed.
临时线路间距 temporary line spacing
临时线路应用电杆或沿墙用合格瓷瓶固定架设, 导线距地面的高度室内应不低于２.５米，
室外不低于４.５米，与道路交叉跨越时不低于 6 米。
The temporary line shall be fixed with electric pole or qualified porcelain bottle
along the wall, and the indoor wire shall be no less than 2.5 meters from ground
level, not less than 4.5m when in outside, and not less than 6 m when crossing
road.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention

电气隔离 electric isolation：

电气隔离是指工作回路与其他回路实现电气上的隔离。
一般采用电压比为1:1的变压器来实现电气隔离。
Electric isolation refers to the electrical isolation between working
loop and other loop.
Electrical isolation is usually achieved by transformer with voltage
ratio of 1:1.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention
保护接地 ground connection：
将正常情况下不带电，而在绝缘材料损坏后或其他情况下可能带电的电器金
属部分（即与带电部分相绝缘的金属结构部分）用导线与接地体可靠连接起
来的一种保护接线方式。
Some metal parts of electric appliances (that is the metal part
insulated with electric part) is uncharged in normal circumstances, and
may be charged after insulation materials in failure or in other cases,
which is a way to protect the wiring by connecting wires with ground
reliably.
保护接零 netural connection：
把电工设备的金属外壳和电网的零线可靠连接，以保护人身安全的一种用电
安全措施。
It is a kind of eletric safe using measurment to protect human safety
by connecting metal shell of electrical equipment with null line of
power grid reliably.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention

漏电保护 electric leakage protection：

利用漏电时线路上的电压或电流异常，自动切断故障部分的电源。
Cut off the power supply of fault part automatically by using
the line voltage or current abnormalities when in electric
leakage.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention

电气连锁 electric interlock：

防止电气事故的联锁装置
Interlocking device for preventing electrical accidents
防止非电气事故的联锁装置
Interlocking equipment to prevent non-electrical accidents
电工安全用具 electric safety tool：
携带式电压和电流指示器、临时接地线、遮栏和警示牌等。
Portable voltage and current indicators, temporary ground wire, shelter and
warning signs.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention
发现人员触电时，应该怎么办？
what should we do if we found someone get electric shock ?
1、应立即关闭电源开关或拔掉电源插头。若无法及时找到或断开电源，可用干
燥的木棒、竹竿等绝缘物挑开电线。使触电者迅速脱离电源。
Turn off the power switch or pull up the power plug immediately. If you can not
find or disconnect the power in time, you can use dry sticks, bamboo pole and
other insulation to pick up the wire. So that person get electric shock could get
away from the power supply quickly.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention
发现人员触电时，应该怎么办？
what should we do if we found someone get electric shock ?
2、脱离电源后，将触电者迅速移到通风干燥的地方仰卧，把他的衣服和裤带放
松，观察有没有呼吸；摸一摸脖子上的动脉，看有没有脉搏。
After get away from the power supply, transfer the person with electric shock to
the ventilation and dry place quickly, and lie in a supine position, loosen his
clothes and belts to relax, observe whether there is breathing; touch the artery
at neck to check if there is pulse.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention
发现人员触电时，应该怎么办？
what should we do if we found someone get electric shock ?
3、实施急救Implement first-aid
若触电者呼吸、心跳均停止，应同时交替进行口对口人工呼吸和心脏挤压，并打
电话呼叫救护车。
If the person with electric shock both breath and heartbeat are stopped, the
mouth to mouth of artificial respiration and heart squeeze should be take
alternatively, and call the ambulance.
 触电防护
electric shock prevention
发现人员触电时，应该怎么办？
what should we do if we found someone get electric shock ?
切记：切勿用潮湿的工具或金属物去拨电线。
触电者未脱离电源前，切勿用手抓碰触电者。
切勿用潮湿的物件搬动触电者。
人在高处触电，要防止脱离电源后从高处跌下摔伤。
Remember:
Do not use wet tools or metal objects to pull the wires.
Do not touch the person with electric shock by hand before the person
with electric shock removed from the power supply.
Do not use wet objects to move person with electric shock.
The person with electric shock at the high place, we need prevent the
person fall from high place and getting hurt when get away from the power
supply.
思考：如何保证自身安全？
Thinking: how to ensure personal
safety ?
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