SS EN 1991-1-4 : 2009

EN 1991-1-4 : 2005, IDT

(ICS 91.010.30) 

SINGAPORE STANDARD

Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures

– Part 1-4 : General actions – Wind actions
(This national standard is the identical implementation of EN 1991-1-4 : 2005 and is adopted with
permission of CEN, Avenue Marnix 17, 1000 Brussels)

Published by
SS EN 1991-1-4 : 2009
EN 1991-1-4 : 2005, IDT
(ICS 91.010.30)

SINGAPORE STANDARD
Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures
– Part 1-4 : General actions – Wind actions

ISBN 978-981-4278-06-5
SS EN 1991-1-4 : 2009
This Singapore Standard was approved by the Building and Construction Standards Committee on
behalf of the Standards Council of Singapore on 25 March 2009.
First published, 2009
The Building and Construction Standards Committee appointed by the Standards Council consists of
the following members:
Name
Chairman : Mr Goh Peng Thong
st
1 Dy Chairman : Mr Lee Chuan Seng
nd
2 Dy Chairman : Mr Tan Tian Chong
Secretary : Mr James Choo Sou Yong
Members : Mr Boo Geok Kwang
Er. Chan Ewe Jin
Mr Chan Yew Kwong
Mr Paul Fok
Mr Goh Ngan Hong
Mr Anselm Gonsalves
Mr Desmond Hill
Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong
Ms Andris Leong
Assoc Prof Leong Eng Choon
Dr Lim Lan-Yuan
Mr McDonald Low
Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye
Mr Davis Ong Wee Choon
Er. Shum Chee Hoong
Dr Tan Guan
Mr Tang Pei Luen
Co-opted
Member : Dr Tam Chat Tim
ii
Capacity
Member, Standards Council
Member, Standards Council
Member, Standards Council
SPRING Singapore
Singapore Civil Defence Force
Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Ministry of Manpower
Land Transport Authority
Singapore Institute of Surveyors and
Valuers
National Environment Agency
Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Singapore Institute of Architects
Building and Construction Authority
Nanyang Technological University
The Association of Property and Facility
Managers
Real Estate Developers’ Association of
Singapore
Urban Redevelopment Authority
National University of Singapore
Singapore Manufacturers’ Federation
Housing & Development Board
Association of Consulting Engineers,
Singapore
JTC Corporation
Individual Capacity
 SS EN 1991-1-4 : 2009

The Technical Committee on Building Structure and Sub-structure appointed by the Building and
Construction Standards Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard consists of
representatives from the following organisations:

Name Capacity

Chairman : Dr Tan Guan Member, Building and Construction

Standards Committee
Co-Chairman : Er. Chew Keat Chuan Building and Construction Authority
Secretary : Ms Lee Hiok Hoong SPRING Singapore
Members : Er. Chan Ewe Jin Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Dr Chen Enyi Cement and Concrete Association of
Singapore
LTC Cheok Poh Chin Singapore Civil Defence Force
Dr Sujit Ghosh Ready Mix Concrete Association of
Singapore
Dr Ho Nyok Yong Singapore Contractors Association Ltd
Mr Ho Wan Boon Singapore Structural Steel Society
Mdm Neo Bian Hong Land Transport Authority
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye Singapore Concrete Institute
Mr Sze Thiam Siong Setsco Services Pte Ltd
Er. Angeline Tan Bee Hoon Housing & Development Board
Er. Tan Jui Teck CPG Corporation Pte Ltd
Assoc Prof Tan Kiang Hwee National University of Singapore
Er. Tang Pei Luen JTC Corporation
Assoc Prof Susanto Teng Nanyang Technological University
Co-opted
Member : Dr Tam Chat Tim Individual Capacity
Dr Tan Teng Hooi Individual Capacity

The following Technical Experts contributed in their individual capacity to the preparation of the
Singapore National Annex to enable local adoption of the EN 1991-1-4 : 2005

Dr Tan Teng Hooi (WG Convenor)

Er. Thung Sek Kwang (WG Secretary)
Er. Tan See Chee (Taskforce Leader)
Professor T Balendra
Mr Adrian Billinghurst
Er. Chan Yek Seng
Er. Fred Lee Ka Wing
Dr Leong Eng Choon
Dr Richard Liew Jat Yuen
Er. Lim Peng Hong
Er. Low Kam Fook
Mr Ong Yew Hing
Dr Tan Kang Hai
Er. Tan See Chee
Er. Tay Yak Hong
Er. Yang Kin Seng

iii
SS EN 1991-1-4 : 2009

The organisations in which the experts are involved are:

Beca Carter Hollings Ferner (SEA) Pte Ltd

Building and Construction Authority
CPG Consultants Pte Ltd
Defence Science & Technology Agency
Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd
Maunsell Consultants (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Nanyang Technological University
National Environment Agency
National University of Singapore
TYH Consulting Engineers
TY Lin International Pte Ltd
Worley Parsons Pte Ltd

iv
 SS EN 1991-1-4 : 2009

National Foreword
This Singapore Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Building Structure and Sub-
structure under the direction of the Building and Construction Standards Committee.

This SS EN is the identical implementation of EN 1991-1-4 : 2005 ‘Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures

– Part 1-4: General actions – Wind actions’ and is adopted with permission of CEN, Rue de Stassart
36, B-1050 Brussels.

Attention is drawn to the following:

– The comma has been used throughout as a decimal marker whereas in Singapore Standards,
it is a practice to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker.

– The Singapore Standards which implement international or European publications referred to

in this document may be found in the SS Electronic Catalogue at:
http://www.singaporestandardseshop.sg

– The terrain categories in EN 1991-1-4 are not applicable in Singapore. For simplicity and to
avoid the difficulties of assessing the loads when the structures are in the transition region
between rural to suburban terrains, the committee decided that all structures are to be
designed using rural/country terrain (Category II in EN 1991-1-4) except the low rise roof
structures up to 25 m height within 2 km from the sea coast. To safeguard against uplift
forces, these low rise roof structures (such as hanger and warehouse) within 2 km from the
sea coast are to be designed using the terrain for sea (Category 0 in EN 1991-1-4)] (see
guidelines given in the Singapore National Annex).

Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at national level, the range and
possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined
Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular
method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.

The requirements of this SS EN 1991-1-4 : 2009 are to be read in conjunction with the Singapore
National Annex (NA) to SS EN 1991-1-4 : 2009 which contains information on the Singapore
Nationally Determined Parameters (NDP) and is published separately.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
responsible for its correct application.

At the time of publication, this standard is expected to be used as a reference in the Building and
Construction Authority’s ‘Approved Document – Acceptable Solutions’.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Singapore Standard may be the
subject of patent rights. Enterprise Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of
such patent rights.

v
SS EN 1991-1-4 : 2009

(blank page)

vi
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1991-1-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2005

ICS 91.010.30 Supersedes ENV 1991-2-4:1995

English version

Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions -

Wind actions

Eurocode 1: - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-4: Eurocode 1: Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-4:
Actions générales - Actions du vent Allgemeine Einwirkungen - Windlasten

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 June 2004.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1991-1-4:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

 

 

  
  

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