Chapter 03-Analysis and Design For Axial Compression

CHAPTER 03
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR AXIAL

COMPRESSION
CE323 - PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN
ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

INSTRUCTOR

INTRODUCTION
Structural members subjected to axial compressive loads are often called by names identifying their functions. Of
these, the best-known are columns, the main vertical compression members in a building frame. Other common
compression members include chords in trusses and bracing members in frames.
CHAPTER O3
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

INSTRUCTOR
CE323 - PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL
INTRODUCTION
For building columns,
W shape having nominal depths of 350 mm or less are commonly used. These sections, being rather
square in shape, are more e cient than others for carrying compressive loads. (Deeper sections are
more e cient as beams).
Built-up sections are needed in large structures for very heavy loads that cannot be supported by
individual rolled shapes.
For bracing and compression members in light trusses, single-angle members are suitable. However,
equal-leg angles may be more economical than unequal-leg angles because their least radius of
gyration are greater for the same steel area.
For top chord members of bolted or Welded roof trusses, a pair of angles (usually unequal, with long
legs back-to-back) are used with or without gusset plates, chord members for welded roof trusses.
Structural tees may also be used as top.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ffi
ffi
BUCKLING
GENERAL BUCKLING LOCAL BUCKLING
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
NSCP SECTION 505 DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION
505.1 General Provision
Pn
The design compressive strength, ϕcPn, and the allowable compressive strength, , are determined as follows:
Ωc
The nominal compressive strength, Pn, shall be the lowest value obtained according to the limit states
of exural buckling, torsional buckling and exural-torsional buckling.
1. For doubly symmetric and singly symmetric members the limit state of exural buckling is
applicable.
2. For singly symmetric and unsymmetric members, and certain doubly symmetric members, such
as cruciform or built-up columns, the limit states of torsional or exural-torsional buckling are also
applicable.
ϕc = 0.90 (LRFD) Ωc = 1.67 (ASD)

CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fl
fl
fl
fl
NSCP SECTION 505.2 SLENDERNESS LIMITATIONS AND EFFECTIVE LENGTH
KL
The e ective length factor, K , for calculation of column slenderness, , shall be determined in
r
accordance with Section 503,
where
L = laterally unbraced length of the member, mm KxLx KyLy
SRx = SRy =
r = governing radius of gyration, mm
rx ry
K = the effective length factor, as shown below
User Note: For members designed on the basis of compression, the slenderness ratio KL/r
preferably should not exceed 200.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
RADIUS OF GYRATION
The radius of gyration is an imaginary distance from the centroidal axis at which the entire area can
be assumed to exist without a ecting the moment of inertia.
I
r=
A
TRANSFER FORMULA FOR MOMENT OF INERTIA (PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM)
If the moment of inertia with respect to one axis is known, the moment of inertia with respect to
another axis parallel to the rst, can be calculated from the parallel axis theorem also known as
transfer axis theorem.
A
c.g. Xo
2
Ix = Igx + Ad
d
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fi
ff
NSCP SECTION 505.2 SLENDERNESS LIMITATIONS AND EFFECTIVE LENGTH
EFFECTIVE LENGTH
Real columns do not have pin-connected ends. The restraints
placed on a column's ends greatly a ect its stability. To counter
these e ects, an e ective length factor, K, is used to modify the
unbraced length.
The product KL is called the e ective length of the column. This

length approximates the length over which the column actually
buckles and this may be shorter or longer than the actual unbraced
length.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
ff

ff
ff
EULER’S COLUMN BUCKLING THEORY
Column design and analysis are based on the Euler buckling load theory, (Leonard Euler, 1757). His
analysis is based on the di erential equation of the elastic curve. However, speci c factors of safety
and slenderness ratio limitations are applied from purely theoretical concepts.
When a column is loaded to the buckling load or Euler load, a column will fail by sudden buckling or
bending. If the column is hinged at both ends, the Euler critical load is given as:
2
π EI
Pe = 2
L
And the Euler critical stress is:
Pe
Fe =
A
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
fi
NSCP SECTION 505.3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR FLEXURAL BUCKLING OF MEMBERS
WITHOUT SLENDER ELEMENTS
This section applies to compression members with compact and non-compact sections, as de ned
in Section 502.4, for uniformly compressed elements.
The nominal compressive strength, Pn, shall be determined based on the limit state of exural
buckling.
Pn = Fcr Ag (505.3-1)
User Note: When torsional unbraced length is larger than the lateral unbraced length, then Section
505.4 may control the design of wide falnge and similarly shaped columns.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fl
fi
The exural buckling stress, Fcr, is determined as follows:
KL E KL E
1. when ≤ 4.71
2. when > 4.71
r Fy r Fy
( or Fe ≥ 0.44Fy )
( or Fe < 0.44Fy )
Fy
Fcr = [0.658 ]Fy Fe (505.3-2) Fcr = 0.877Fe (505.3-3) E
Cc = 4.71
Fy
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fl
where
Fe = elastic critical buckling stress determined according to Eq. 505.3-4, Section 505.4, or the provosions
of Section 503.2, as applicable, MPa.
2
π E
Fe = KL 2
(505.3-4)
( r )
User Note: The two equations for calculating the limits and applicability of Section 505.3, one based
on KL/r and one based on Fe, provide the same result.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
INELASTIC AND ELASTIC BUCKLING
Fcr
Fy Short Column
Fcr = [0.658 ]Fy
Fe A thick column subject to failure by crushing
rather than by buckling. Failure occurs when
the direct stress from an axial load exceeds
Elastic Buckling
the compressive strength of the material

(Long Columns)
available in the cross section. An eccentric
load, however, can produce bending and
Fcr = 0.877Fe result in an uneven stress distribution in the
Inelastic Buckling
section.
(Short Columns)
SR Long Column
E A slender column subject to failure by buckling
Cc = 4.71 rather than by crushing.
Fy
Cc = Column slenderness ratio separating elastic and inelastic buckling.

CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
SITUATION NO. 3.1
Two channels are welded at the tip of their anges to form a box column y
77
Properties of one channel section:
A = 5,690 mm2 tw = 17 mm 11
d = 254 mm x = 16.5 mm
df = 77 mm Ix = 42.87 x 106 mm4
17
tf = 11 mm Iy = 1.64 x 106 mm4
The column is 9 m long, xed at both ends and laterally supported at
mid-height of its weak axis. Use Fy = 248 MPa
254
x
1. Compute the e ective slenderness ratio of the column for buckling 16.5 60.5 60.5 16.5
about the x-axis.
2. Compute the e ective slenderness ratio of the column for buckling

about the y-axis.
3. Calculate the critical buckling load (kN) of the column.
4. Calculate the ultimate load P (kN) based on NSCP (2015) speci cations.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
ff
fi
fl
fi
SITUATION NO. 3.1
1. Compute the e ective slenderness ratio of the column for buckling about the x-axis. y
Properties of one channel section: 77
A = 5,690 mm2 tf = 11 mm Ix = 42.87 x 106 mm4
11
d = 254 mm tw = 17 mm Iy = 1.64 x 106 mm4 Fixed
df = 77 mm x = 16.5 mm
At = 2(5,690) = 11,380 mm2 17
length = Lx = 9m
6 6
Ix1 = 2(42.87x10 ) = 85.74x10 mm4
KxLx = 0.5(9)
254
x
Ix1 6
85.74x10
rx = = = 86.8 mm 16.5 60.5 60.5 16.5
At 11,380
Kx Lx 0.5(9000)
SRx = = SRx = 51.84
rx 86.8 Fixed
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.1
2. Compute the e ective slenderness ratio of the column for buckling about the y-axis. y
Properties of one channel section: 77
A = 5,690 mm2 tf = 11 mm Ix = 42.87 x 106 mm4
11
d = 254 mm tw = 17 mm Iy = 1.64 x 106 mm4 Fixed
df = 77 mm x = 16.5 mm
At = 2(5,690) = 11,380 mm2 17
Ly = 4.5m
KyLy = 0.7(4.5)
6 2
Iy1 = [1.64x10 + 5,690(60.5) ](2)
length = L = 9m
6
= 44.934x10 mm4
254
x
Iy1 6
44.934x10 16.5 60.5 60.5 16.5
ry = = = 62.84 mm
At 11,380
KyLy 0.7(4500)
SRy = = SRy = 50.13
ry 62.84 Fixed
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.1
3. Calculate the critical buckling load (kN) of the column. y
2 2 77
π EI π E
Pe = Pe = Fe At Fe = 11
(KL)2 (KL/r)2
KyLy Kx Lx 17
SRy = = 50.13 SRx = = 51.84
ry rx
254
x
2 2
π E π (200,00)
Fe = = = 734.5 MPa 16.5 60.5 60.5 16.5
(KL/r)2 (51.84)2
Pe = Fe At = 734.5(11,380) Pe = 8,358 kN
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
SITUATION NO. 3.1
4. Calculate the Ultimate load P (kN) based on NSCP speci cations.
Kx Lx E 200,000 KL
SRx = = 51.84 Cc = 4.71 = 4.71 = 133.76 = 51.84 < Cc
rx Fy 248 r
Fy 248
Fcr = [0.658 ]Fy = [(0.658)
Fe 734.51 ](248) = 215.32 MPa
π 2E 2
π (200,000)
Fe = KL = = 734.51 MPa
( )2 (51.84) 2
r
Pn = Fcr Ag = 215.32(11,380) = 2,450.34 kN
Pn 2,450.34
Pu = ϕcPn = 0.90(2,450.34) Pu = 2,205.31 kN Pa = = Pa = 1,467.27 kN
Ωc 1.67
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fi
SITUATION NO. 3.2
The Wide Flange section for a 5 m long column
Kx Lx 1(5000)
(hinged at both ends) has the following properties:
SRx = = = 50
rx 100
Cross-sectional area, A = 8,000 mm2
KyLy 1(5000)
Radius of Gyration, rx = 100 mm
SRy = = = 100
Radius of Gyration, ry = 50 mm ry 50
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200,000 MPa
π 2(200,000)
Euler Critical Stress, Fe =
Determine the Euler critical load of the column. (100)2
Fe = 197.4 MPa
SOLUTION:
Euler Critical Load, Pe = Fe A [P = FA ] Pe = Fe A
π E 2 = 197.4(8,000)
Euler Critical Stress, Fe =
(KL/r)2 = 1,579,200 N
where K = 1 (hinged both ends) Pe = 1,579.2 kN
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR

SITUATION NO. 3.3

Given the following properties of angular sections: 16 mm
One angle 100mm x 100mm x 16mm

Ag = 2,974 mm2 ry = 30.5 mm
rx = 30.5 mm rz = 20 mm
100 mm
If it is used as column pinned at both ends and Fy=345 Mpa,
1. Determine the allowable compressive strength (in kN)

given that the length of the column is 5 m.
2. Determine the design compressive strength (in kN) given

that the length of the column is 2.2 m.
10
0m
3. Determine the maximum length of the column if it is to m 16
mm
be designed on the basis of compression.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
SITUATION NO. 3.3
Given the following properties of angular sections: SOLUTION:
1. Determine the allowable compressive strength (in kN)
One angle 100mm x 100mm x 16mm given that the length of the column is 5 m.
Ag = 2,974 mm2 ry = 30.5 mm L = 5 m, K = 1
rx = 30.5 mm rz = 20 mm
Kx Lx (1)(5000) KyLy
= = 163.934 =
If it is used as column pinned at both ends and
rx 30.5 ry
Fy=345 Mpa,
KzLz (1)(5000)
= = 250
1. Determine the allowable compressive strength (in rz 20
kN) given that the length of the column is 5 m.
2. Determine the design compressive strength (in kN)

given that the length of the column is 2.2 m.
E 200,000
Cc = 4.71 = 4.71 = 113.403
3. Determine the maximum length of the column if it is Fy 345
to be designed on the basis of compression.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
SITUATION NO. 3.3
SOLUTION:
1. Determine the allowable compressive strength 2. Determine the design compressive strength (in kN)
(in kN) given that the length of the column is 5 m. given that the length of the column is 2.2 m.
KL E L = 2.2 m, K = 1
[ = 250] > [4.71 = 113.403]
r Fy KyLy
Kx Lx (1)(2200)
Fcr = 0.877Fe π E 2 2
π (200,000) = = 72.13 =
Fe = KL = rx 30.5 ry
= 0.877(31.583) ( r ) 2 (250) 2
KzLz (1)(2200)
Fcr = 27.698 MPa Fe = 31.583 MPa = = 110
rz 20
Pn
Pn = Fcr Ag Pa = (ASD) Ωc = 1.67
Ωc E 200,000
= (27.698)(2,974) Cc = 4.71 = 4.71 = 113.403
82.374 Fy 345
Pn = 82.374 kN Pa = Pa = 49.33 kN
1.67
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
SITUATION NO. 3.3
SOLUTION:
2. Determine the design compressive strength (in kN) given 3. Determine the maximum length of the
that the length of the column is 2.2 m. column if it is to be designed on the basis
of compression.
KL E
[ = 110] < [4.71 = 113.403]
r Fy KL KL
2 2 < 200 = 200
π (200,000)
Fy
Fcr = [0.658 ]Fy
F π E r r
e
Fe = KL =
345 ( ) 2 (110) 2
(1)L
= [(0.658) 163.13 ](345) r = 200
F = 163.13 MPa (20)
F = 142.36 MPa
cr
e
L = 4,000 mm
Pn = Fcr Ag Pu = ϕcPn (LRFD) ϕc = 0.90
L = 4m
= (142.36)(2,974) Pu = (0.90)(423.39)
Pn = 423.39 kN Pu = 381.05 kN
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
LOCAL BUCKLING
NSCP SECTION 502.4 MEMBER PROPERTIES
SECTION 502.4.1 Classi cation of Sections for Local Buckling
Sections are classi ed as compact, non-compact, or slender-element sections. For a section to

qualify as compact its anges must be continuously connected to the web or webs and the width-
thickness ratios of its compression elements must not exceed the limiting width-thickness ratios λp
from Tables 502.4.1 and 502.4.2.
If the width-thickness ratio of one or more compression elements exceeds λp, but does not exceed λr
from Tables 502.4.1 and 502.4.2, the section is non-compact.
If the width-thickness ratio of any element exceeds λr the section is referred to as a slender-element
section.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fi
fl
fi
NSCP SECTION 502.4 MEMBER PROPERTIES
NSCP TABLE 502.4.1 Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios for Compression Elements (Unstiffened Elements)
NSCP TABLE 502.4.2 Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios for Compression Elements (Stiffened Elements)
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
NSCP SECTION 505.7 MEMBERS WITH SLENDER ELEMENTS

This section applies to compression members with slender sections, as de ned in Section 502.4 for
uniformly compressed elements.
The nominal compressive strength,

KL E
Pn, shall be determined based on a. when ≤ 4.71 ( or Fe ≥ 0.44QFy )
the limit state of exural, torsional r QFy

and exural-torsional buckling. QFy
Fcr = Q[0.658 Fe ]Fy (505.7-2)
Pn = Fcr Ag. (505.7-1) KL E

b. when > 4.71 ( or Fe < 0.44QFy )
r QFy
Fcr = 0.877Fe (505.7-3)
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fl
fl
fi
where
Fe = elastic critical buckling stress, calculated using Eqs. 505.3-4 and 505.4-4 for doubly symmetric
members, Eqs. 505.3-4 and 505.4-5 for singly symmetric members, and Eq. 505.4-6 for Eq.
unsymmetric members, except for single angles where Fe is calculated using Eq. 505.3-4.
Q = 1.0 for members with compact and noncompact sections, as defined in Section 502.4, for uniformly
compressed elements
= QsQa for members with slender-element sections, as defined in Section 502.4, for uniformly
compressed elements.
User Note: For cross sections composed of only unsti ened slender elements, Qa = 1 then = Qs. For
cross sections composed of only sti ened slender elements, Qs = 1 then Q = Qa. For cross sections
composed of both sti ened and unsti ened slender elements, Q = QsQa
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
ff
ff
ff
NSCP Section 505.7.1 Slender Unsti ened Elements, Qs
The reduction factor Qs, for slender unsti ened elements is de ned as follows:
1. For anges, angles, and plates projecting form rolled columns or other compression members:
b E
a. When ≤ 0.56 Qs = 1.0 (505.7-4)
t Fy
E b E b Fy
b. When 0.56 < < 1.03 Qs = 1.415 − 0.74( ) (505.7-5)
Fy t Fy t E
b E 0.69E
c. When ≥ 1.03 Qs = b 2
(505.7-6)
t Fy Fy( t )
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fl
ff
ff
fi
2. For anges, angles, and plates projecting form built-up columns or other compression members:
b Ekc
a. When ≤ 0.64 Qs = 1.0 (505.7-7)
t Fy
Ekc b Ekc b Fy
b. When 0.64 < ≤ 1.17 Qs = 1.415 − 0.65( ) (505.7-8)
Fy t Fy t Ekc
b Ekc 0.90Ekc
c. When > 1.17 Qs = b 2
(505.7-9)
t Fy Fy( t )
4
where: kc = and shall not be taken less than 0.35 nor greater than 0.76 for calculation purposes
h/tw
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fl
ff
3. For single angles
b E
a. When ≤ 0.45 Qs = 1.0 (505.7-10)
t Fy
E b E b Fy
b. When 0.45 < ≤ 0.91 Qs = 1.34 − 0.76( ) (505.7-11)
Fy t Fy t E
b E 0.53E
c. When > 0.91 Qs = b 2
(505.7-12)
t Fy Fy( t )
where: b = full width of longest angle leg, mm
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
4. For stems of tees
d E
a. When ≤ 0.75 Qs = 1.0 (505.7-13)
t Fy
E d E d Fy
b. When 0.75 < ≤ 1.03 Qs = 1.908 − 1.22( ) (505.7-14)
Fy t Fy t E
d E 0.69E
c. When ≤ 1.03 Qs = d 2
(505.7-15)
t Fy Fy( t )
where:
b = width of unsti ened compression element, as de ned in Section 502.4, mm
d = the full nominal depth of tee, mm
t = thickness of element, mm
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
ff
fi
NSCP Section 505.7.2 Slender Sti ened Elements, Qa
The reduction factor Qa, for slender The reduced e ective width, be, is determined as
Sti ened elements is de ned as follows: follows:
1. For uniformly compressed slender elements, with
Aeff b E
Qa = ≥ 1.49 ,
(505.7-16) t f
A
except anges of square and rectangular sections
where of uniform thickness:
A = total cross-sectional area of E 0.34 E

member, mm2 be = 1.92t [1 − ]≤b (505.7-17)
f (b/t) f
Aeff = summation of the effective areas
of the cross section based on the
reduced effective width, be, mm2 where: f taken as Fcr with Fcr calculated on Q = 1.0
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
fl
ff
fi
ff
NSCP Section 505.7.2 Slender Sti ened Elements, Qa
2. For anges of square and rectangular slender-element 3. For axially-loaded circular sections:
sections of uniform thickness with
b E E D E
≥ 1.40
When 0.11 < < 0.45
t f Fy t Fy
E 0.38 E 0.038E 2
be = 1.92t [1 − ]≤b Q = Qa = + (505.7-19)
f (b/t) f
(505.7-18)
Fy(D/t) 3
where: f = Pn / Aeff where:
D = outside diameter, mm
User Note: In lieu of calculating f = Pn / Aeff which requires

t = wall thickness, mm
iteration, f may be taken equal to Fy. This will result in a slightly
conservative estimate of column capacity.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fl
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.4
Determine the nominal compressive strength of bf
HP 410 x 131 A992 steel column having length
of 10m and is xed at the bottom and pinned at kdes
the top, (Fy = 345 MPa) tf
Properties of HP 410x131
A = 16,600 mm2 kdes = 43.7 mm tw

d = 389 mm k1 = 36.9 mm d
bf = 399 mm rx = 167 mm
tf = 13.7 mm ry = 93.5 mm
tw = 13.7 mm
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fi
SITUATION NO. 3.4
Determine the nominal compressive strength of SOLUTION:
HP410x131 A992 steel column having length of Check Limiting Width-Thickness ratios:
10m and is xed at the bottom and pinned at the
top, (Fy = 345 MPa) For Flange:
Refer to NSCP TABLE 502.4.1 Limiting Width-Thickness

bf Ratios for Compression Elements (Unsti ened Elements)
A = 16,600 mm2 Case No. 3

kdes
d = 389 mm
tf E 200,000
bf = 399 mm
λrf = 0.56 = 0.56 = 13.48
tf = 13.7 mm Fy 345
tw = 13.7 mm tw
d Width-Thickness ratios of HP 410 x 131:
kdes = 43.7 mm
bf 399
k1 = 36.9 mm
λf = = = 14.562
rx = 167 mm 2tf 2(13.7)
ry = 93.5 mm
λf > λrf The ange is a slender element
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fl
fi
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.4
HP410x131 A992 steel column having length of Check Limiting Width-Thickness ratios:
10m and is xed at the bottom and pinned at the
top, (Fy = 345 MPa) For Web:

bf Ratios for Compression Elements (Sti ened Elements)
A = 16,600 mm2 Case No. 10

kdes
d = 389 mm
tf E 200,000
bf = 399 mm
λrw = 1.49 = 1.49 = 35.87
tf = 13.7 mm Fy 345
tw = 13.7 mm tw
d Width-Thickness ratios of HP 410 x 131:
kdes = 43.7 mm
h 389 − 2(43.7)
k1 = 36.9 mm λw = = = 22.015
rx = 167 mm tw 13.7
ry = 93.5 mm λw < λrw The web is not a slender element.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fi
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.4
SOLUTION:
Reduction factor Qs for slender unsti ened elements E ective reduction factor Q = QsQa
E b E = 1.0(0.9675)
[0.56 = 13.48] < [ = 14.562] < [1.03 = 24.8]
Fy t Fy
Q = 0.9675
b Fy Slenderness ratio KL/r:
Qs = 1.415 − 0.74( )
t E K = 0.80 (Recommended Design K for Fixed-Pinned)
345 r = ry = 93.5 mm (Minimum)
= 1.415 − 0.74(14.562)
200,000 KL (0.80)(10,000)
= = 85.56
Qs = 0.9675 r 93.5
Reduction factor Qa for slender sti ened elements E 200,000

Cc = 4.71 = 4.71 = 115.32
Qa = 1.0 (Web is not a slender element) QFy (0.9675)(345)
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
ff
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.4
SOLUTION:
KL
[ = 85.56] < [Cc = 115.32] (Inelastic Buckling) Nominal Strength:
r
QFy
Pn = Fcr Ag
Fcr = Q[0.658 Fe ]Fy = (198.82)(16,600)
Elastic critical buckling stress: Pn = 3,300.41 kN
2 2
π E π (200,000)
Fe = KL = = 269.64 MPa LRFD: ASD:
( r ) 2 (85.56) 2
Pu = ϕcPn Pn
Pa =
Ωc
0.9675(345) = (0.90)(3,300.41)
Fcr = (0.9675)[0.658 269.64 ](345)
3,300.41
Pu = 2,970.37 kN =
Fcr = 198.82 MPa 1.67
If Q = 1.0; Fcr = 201.95 MPa Pa = 1,976.29 kN
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
SITUATION NO. 3.5
Determine the nominal compressive strength of bf
W 360 x 44 of A992 steel column having length
of 4 m and is xed at both ends, (Fy = 345 MPa) kdes
tf
Properties of W 360 x 44
A = 5,710 mm2 kdes = 19.9 mm
d = 351 mm k1 = 19.1 mm
tw
d
bf = 171 mm rx = 146 mm
tf = 9.78 mm ry = 37.8 mm
tw = 6.86 mm
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fi
SITUATION NO. 3.5
W360x44 of A992 steel column having length of 4m Check Limiting Width-Thickness ratios:
and is xed at both ends, (Fy = 345 MPa)
For Flange:

bf Ratios for Compression Elements (Unsti ened Elements)
A = 5,710 mm2 Case No. 3

kdes
d = 351 mm
tf E 200,000
bf = 171 mm
λrf = 0.56 = 0.56 = 13.48
tf = 9.78 mm Fy 345
tw = 6.86 mm tw
d Width-Thickness ratios of W 360 x 44:
kdes = 19.9 mm
bf 171
k1 = 19.1 mm
λf = = = 8.74
rx = 146 mm 2tf 2(9.78)
ry = 37.8 mm
λf < λrf The ange is a not slender element
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fl
fi
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.5
W360x44 of A992 steel column having length of 4m Check Limiting Width-Thickness ratios:
and is xed at both ends, (Fy = 345 MPa)
For Web:

bf Ratios for Compression Elements (Sti ened Elements)
A = 5,710 mm2 Case No. 10

kdes
d = 351 mm
tf E 200,000
bf = 171 mm
λrw = 1.49 = 1.49 = 35.87
tf = 9.78 mm Fy 345
tw = 6.86 mm tw
d Width-Thickness ratios of W 360 x 44:
kdes = 19.9 mm
h 351 − 2(19.9)
k1 = 19.1 mm λw = = = 45.36
rx = 146 mm tw 6.86
ry = 37.8 mm λw < λrw The web is a slender element.
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
fi
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.5
SOLUTION:
Calculate the reduction factor, Qs for slender Calculate the reduction factor, Qa for slender
element. element.
Aeff
b bf 171 Qa =
= = = 8.74 A
t 2tf 2(9.78)
E 200,000 Calculate the e ective width be:
0.56 = 0.56 = 13.48
Fy 345
E 0.34 E
be = 1.92t [1 − ]≤b
b E f (b/t) f
[ = 8.74] < [0.56 = 13.48]
t Fy
f = Fcr calculated based on Q = 1.0
Qs = 1.0
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.5
SOLUTION:
f = Fcr calculated based on Q = 1.0 2 2

π E π (200,000)
Fe = KL =
K = 0.65 (Recommended Design K for Fixed-Fixed) ( r ) 2 (68.78)2
KL 0.65(4000) Fe = 417.26 MPa

= = 68.78
r 37.8
345
E 200,000 Fcr = [0.658 417.26 ](345)

Cc = 4.71 = 4.71 = 113.4
Fy 345 Fcr = 244.08 MPa
KL Fy
[ = 68.78] < [Cc = 113.4] Fcr = [0.658 ]Fy
Fe f = 244.08 MPa
r
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
SITUATION NO. 3.5
SOLUTION:
Calculate the e ective width be:

b=h
E 0.34 E = d − 2(kdes)
be = 1.92t [1 − ]≤b
f (b/t) f = 351 − 2(19.9)
b = 311.2 mm
200,000 0.34 200,000
= 1.92(6.86) [1 − ]
244.08 (45.36) 244.08 [be = 296.13] < [b = 311.2]
be = 296.13 mm
be = 296.13 mm
be ≤ b
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
ff
SITUATION NO. 3.5
SOLUTION:
Aeff = Ag − htw + betw Finally, calculate the nominal strength:
= 5,710 − 311.2(6.86) + 296.13(6.86) Pn = Fcr Ag
Aeff = 5,606.62 mm2 E 200,000

Cc = 4.71 = 4.71 = 114.44
QFy 0.982(345)
Calculate the reduction factor, Qa for slender element.
Aeff KL
5,606.62 = 68.78
Qa = = = 0.982 r
A 5,710
KL
Calculate the reduction factor, Q [ = 68.78] < [CC = 114.44]
r QFy
Q = QsQa = 1.0(0.982) = 0.982 Fcr = Q[0.658 Fe ]Fy
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR
SITUATION NO. 3.5
SOLUTION:
QFy LRFD, Design Compressive Strength
Fcr = Q[0.658 Fe ]Fy Pu = ϕcPn ϕc = 0.90 (LRFD)
0.982(345)
= 0.982[0.658 417.26 ](345) = 0.90(1,377.14)
Fcr = 241.18 MPa Pu = 1,239.43 kN
ASD, Allowable Compressive Strength
Pn = Fcr Ag Pn
Pa = Ωc = 1.67 (ASD)
Ωc
= 241.18(5,710)
1,377.14
Pn = 1,377,137.8 N =
1.67
Pn = 1,377.14 kN Pa = 824.63 kN
CHAPTER O3

INSTRUCTOR

Chapter 03-Analysis and Design For Axial Compression

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 03-Analysis and Design For Axial Compression

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER 03

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR AXIAL

ENGR. CHRISTIAN PIMENTEL

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ϕc = 0.90 (LRFD) Ωc = 1.67 (ASD)

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

The product KL is called the e ective length of the column. This

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

the compressive strength of the material

Cc = Column slenderness ratio separating elastic and inelastic buckling.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

2. Compute the e ective slenderness ratio of the column for buckling

3. Calculate the critical buckling load (kN) of the column.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

At = 2(5,690) = 11,380 mm2 17

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

At = 2(5,690) = 11,380 mm2 17

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

Pn = Fcr Ag = 215.32(11,380) = 2,450.34 kN

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

SITUATION NO. 3.3

One angle 100mm x 100mm x 16mm

1. Determine the allowable compressive strength (in kN)

2. Determine the design compressive strength (in kN) given

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

2. Determine the design compressive strength (in kN)

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

Sections are classi ed as compact, non-compact, or slender-element sections. For a section to

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

NSCP SECTION 505.7 MEMBERS WITH SLENDER ELEMENTS

The nominal compressive strength,

the limit state of exural, torsional r QFy

Pn = Fcr Ag. (505.7-1) KL E

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

b = width of unsti ened compression element, as de ned in Section 502.4, mm

d = the full nominal depth of tee, mm

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

1. For uniformly compressed slender elements, with

A = total cross-sectional area of E 0.34 E

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

sections of uniform thickness with

where: f = Pn / Aeff where:

User Note: In lieu of calculating f = Pn / Aeff which requires

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION

A = 16,600 mm2 kdes = 43.7 mm tw

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AXIAL COMPRESSION