CRIMINAL LAW

03 March 2022 21:56

Criminal law is the body of laws that regulates or prohibit the acts that may harm individual people,
property or the entire society

Sanction has been stated in the legislation. Before the prohibited conduct there is a sanction.

The two elements of criminal law:

prohibited conduct and sanction.

Punishment - is the product of the judge who violates the law. Punishment is concrete
Sanction - is abstract and has been legislated before violation occurred

Menggelapkan barang 372

Penipuan 378
Pembunuhan 338
Pemerkosaan 285
Perzinahan 284
Pencurian 362
Penadahan (willful blindness) 480
Pencemaran 310

Classification of criminal law:

1. Materiil criminal law
2. Criminal procedure

Enforced by state - korban di wakilkan oleh negara.

WET - undang undang

STRAF - PIDANA
RECHT - HUKUM

Polisi - investigasi
Jaksa - penuntutan

KUHAP - menegakkan hukum materiil

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STRUCTURE OF CRIMINAL LAW
14 March 2022 10:37

What is the function of general principle in book 1.

What is the relation between book 1, 2, 3

There is materiil criminal law - refers to KUHP, regulation outside the KUHP.
Criminal procedure - is to uphold criminal materiil, criminal law.

How about when someone violates the law?

It is the task of the criminal procedure.

Classification of criminal law:

1. Specific criminal law
2. Administrative criminal law

Difference of felony or misdemeanor

1. Felony is more serious than misdemeanor
2. The sanction - misdemeanor is not more than 1 year, felony is more than 1 year

Art 310 - pencemaran (defamation)

Pencemaran nama baik di depan umur. Berapa orang? Lebih dari 2 orang.

Analogi tidak diperbolehkan dalam memutuskan hukum.

The sources of criminal law are KUHP and outside of KUHP

Regulations outside KUHP consists of:
• Pidana Pencucuian Uang
• Narkotika & Psikotropika
• Pidana Kependudukan
• Tindak Pidana Pangan
• Pidana Perikanan & Kelautan
• Pidana Transportasi & Penerbangan
• Tindak Pidana Telekomunikasi
• Tindak Pidana Pendidikan
• Pidana Impor & Cukai
• Kewarganegaraan & Imigrasi
• Korupsi & Gratifikasi
• Pidana Pornografi
• Kdrt / Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga
• Pidana Kehutanan
• Tindak Pidana Kesehatan
• Pidana Perlindungan Anak
• Pidana Uu Ite
• Pidana Perlindungan Konsumen

Outside KUHP is categorized to two:

• Specific criminal - jahat karna benar jahat (mala in se)
• Administrative criminal law (mala prohibita)
Hukum administratif dikatakan tindak pidana karena UU.

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In criminal procedure there are 4 parts
Penyelididkan, penyidikan, penuntutan, pemeriksaan di persidangan, putusan - lembaga
permasyarakatan

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SOURCES OF CRIMINAL LAW
16 March 2022 10:43

1. The primary source of criminal law is criminal code

2. The second source is UU Pidana (criminal law statute)
Menyebutkan pasal serta sanksi
3. The third source is non UU Pidana
Menyebutkan pasal tanpa menyertai sanksi

The structure of criminal code:

1. General Principle
2. Felony
3. Misdemeanor

Delict can also define as criminal act

All of administrative criminal law has criminal sanctions.

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 • Criminal act - felony and misdemeanor
• Criminal liability - the subjective of the crime (criminal responsibility)
• Criminal procedure - the step

Every crime has several elements that should be met. In order to call it a crime it has to
meet certain elements.

Anologi adalah menyamakan suatu dengan yang lainnya. Tidak boleh dalam asas
legalitas.

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SCOPE OF CRIMINAL LAW
21 March 2022 10:39

Criminalization is to criminalize something that is not criminal acts.

Decrimalization is vice versa

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Crime can be done through commission or omission.
Positive conduct - tindak kriminal karena melakukan
negative conduct - tindak kriminal karena tidak melakukan

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There are crime that is made with legislation.
Criminal crime is juridical context.
There is also crime based on sociological context.

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ELEMENTS OF CRIME
21 March 2022 11:26

Criminal acts is the person something that is prohibited by the law. He is doing the prohibited
conduct. Criminal act is the objective elements of crime.
Two elements that should be fulfilled:
1. Criminal act
2. Criminal responsibility

We can punish someone when the perpetrator has met with the element of criminal conduct which are:
actus rea (objective element) and mens rea (subjective element)

Suatu tindakan kejahatan belum berarti jahat kecuali ada "guilty mind".
How to know if someone has a guilty mind?
Bisa dilihat fakta-fakta disekitar peristiwa

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ACTUS REUS AND MENS REA
23 March 2022 11:14

In order to measure that someone has mens rea we can see through the facts around the
circumstances.

If there is an excuse of doing a certain crime, a judge cannot punish them.

Seharusnya patut menduga - merupakan kesalahan pembeli.

Due to reflex - automatism

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Humiliation - pencemaran nama baik

How to make sure that a person has a mens rea?

We use the facts around the circumstances. Like evidence, witness, or even confession from
the defendant.

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IN INDONESIA THERE IS ONLY 3 STATE OF MIND.
INTENTION, KNOWINGLY, NEGLIGENCE
Recklessness dibawah intention diatas negligence
Willful blindness - tidak mau tau

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Terjadinya kecelakaan bisa 4 state of mind.

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MENS REA
30 March 2022 10:50

Culpa lata - kealpaan yang disadari (similar with recklessnes)

Culpa lepvis - kealpaan yang tidak disadari (negligence)
Knowledge

Intention - dollus
Knowledge
Negligence - culpa

Willful blindness - tidak mau tau (properti dollus properti culpa)

Contoh: memebeli jam rolecx dengan harga murah dan mengatakan bahwa tidak tahu bahwa itu barang curian. Tidak
bisa menjadi sebuah alasan karna harus punya asas patut menduga. Termasuk dalam 480 kuhp penadahan, sepatutnya
menduga.

In civil law system there is only 2 types of mens rea: dollus and culpa

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Strict liability - the judge can punish the perpetrator without mens rea
Umumnya orang tidak bisa dipidana tanpa kesalahan. Tapi strict liability menjadi sebuah exception.

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TEMPUS DELICTI
30 March 2022 11:20

KATEGORI ADULT
Underage below 16 kuhp
uu perlindungan 18 tahun
Perkawinan 19 tahun
BW 21 tahun

TEMPUS - TIME
DELICTI - CRIME
Retroaktif - a law that changes the legal consequences of actions taken

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Analogy - in islamic law it is called qiyas. Analogy is not allowed in criminal law.

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Undang-undang yang menguntungkan bagi terdakwa.

Retroactive adalah situasi dimana ada kasusnya dulu baru diberlakukan undang2 nya untuk
kebelakang.

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LOCUS DELICTI
04 April 2022 10:44

Ada uu nya dulu baru tindak pidana.

If the crime has been committed in singapore, then they will be using singapore criminal code.

Art 2 until art 9 indonesia criminal code.

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Bendera asing di jakarta merupakan ekspansi dari territorial. Jadi wajib menggunakan kuhp negara
tersebut.

EXCEPTION FOR TERRITORIAL PRINCIPLE

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Passive is related to the proctection of the country.

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THEORY OF LOCUS DELICTI
06 April 2022 10:39

Article 160 - walaupun di luar negeri, wni masih bisa diberlakukan kuhp dengan pasal 5 karena telah
melanggar pasal 160.

There are 4 principles:

Territorial principle
Passive principle
Active national principle
Universal principle - every country has the right to prosecute the offender.

Piracy - the motive is economy

Hijacking - it can be political motive or also economy

Extraterritotial - immunity and privilege. They cannot be prosecute due to the immunity that they have.

Persona non grata - mengusir orang yang memiliki imunitas dan melakukan sebuah kejahatan di luar
negeri.

3 theories of loctus delicti:

Materiil
Instrumen
result

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RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY
11 April 2022 10:42

Criminal responsibility and liability is subjective of criminal act.

Our KUHP use the term tindak pidana in the regulations.

Behavior refers to the fullfilment of the behavior elements of crime. The behaviour is treated by
sanction and punishment.

Definition of simons:
Objective - Behavior against the law, threaten with punishment,
Subjective - related to wrongdoing, people who has fault and are able to take responsibility

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Vos definition does not have subjective element.
In order to be convicted, a person need to have both objective and subjektif element.

Orang harus dibebaskan ketika kebukti tidak melakukan delik. Buang2 waktu untuk membuktikan
kesalahannya.

Justification - alasan pembenar

Excuse - alasan pemaaf

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In order to punish perpetrator, the element must be fulfilled first.
Is there justification? Is there excuse?

The difference between monism and dualism is the way of examine (actus reus - criminal act)

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Semua tergantung niat.
Antar sikap batin dan perbuatan harus ada hubungan tertentu.
Sikap batin tertentu dituangkan termanifestasi kepada sebuah tindakan.
Itu yang disebut sebagai fault.

If you want to give punishment to someone there must be actus reus and mens rea. Even if there is
actus reus, it must fulfill the elements of the crime itself before we examine the fault of the person.

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Delik formil - emphasize on the conduct
Delik Materiil - emphasize on the consequence
Omisi - delik yang dilakukan dengan tindakan pasif, kita tau shrusnya tp kita tidak melakukan.
Delik aduan - tidak bisa diproses tanpa ada aduan
Delik biasa - bisa diproses tanpa aduan
Delik berlanjut
Delik berdiri sendiri
Delik berkualifikasi - bertingkat
How to differentiate - we can see in kuhp about delik

Certain mental state pelaku - niat

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UNLAWFUL
19 April 2022 20:18

1. Unlawful or melawan hukum tidak berhak sendiri

2. Melwan hukum berarti berlawanan dengan hak orang lain
3. Melawan hukum berarti bertentangan dengan hukum pada umumnya

• Perbuatan melawan hukum formil yaitu suatu perbuatan melawan hukum apabila perbuatan
tersebut diatur dalam undang-undnag. Mengacu kepada hukum yang tertulsi

• Perbuatan melawan hukum materiil yaitu terdapat suatu perbuatan melawan hukun walaupun
belum diatur dalam undang-undang.

Perbuatan yang tidak diatur dalam hukum tertulis maupun tidak tertulis bukan perbuatan yang bersifat
melawan hukum. Sifat melawan hukum merupakan salah satu unsur yang terdapat dalam tiap-tiap
tindak pidana. Perbuatan melawan hukum harus dilihat apakah secara objektif ada penilaian bahwa
perbuatan tersebut merupakan perbuatan yang dilarang baik oleh UU maupun hukum tidak tertulis.

Pasal yang tidak mengandung kata "melawan hukum" bukan berarti perbuatan itu tidak melawan
hukum. Kata melawan hukum itu hanya diam-diam ada dan tidak perlu disebutkan secara tegas.

Sifat melawan hukum yang terdapat dalam tiap-tiap tindak pidana mengandung empat pengertian
1. Sifat melawan hukum sebagai syarat umum dapat dipidananya suatu perbuatan karena
perbuatan itu dilarang dan tercela
2. Sifat melawan hukum dinyatakan secara tegas di dalam rumusan tindak pidana harus dapat
dibuktikan dan dicantumkan di dlam surat dakwaan JPU, sebaliknya jika tidak dinyatakan secara
tegas tidak perlu adanya pembuktian melawan hukum
3. Sifat melawan hukum secara formil merupakan bagian inti dari semua unsur dia dalam rumusan
delik bersifat melawan hukum
4. Sifat melawan hukum secara materil adalah selain perbuatan-perbuatan itu bertentangan
dengan undang-undang juga bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai kesadaran hukum masyrakat, baik
sifat melawan hukum dalam fungsinya yang positif maupun negatif.

We have to make sure is there any unlawful in their conduct in order to punish them. (justification)
Indonesia follow formal teachings. Material teachings is against the legality principle.

• Positive function - An act that is not prohibited by law but is considered to violate the values held
by the community the act can be punished.
• Negative function - An act that is prohibited by law, but the community considered the act is not
a criminal act. In this case, values held by society eliminate or negate unlawful that meet the
formulation of the law. the act is not punished.

Alasan pembenar adalah sesuatu yang membuat perbuatan melawan hukum itu benar.

Syarat membela diri

Ada serangan
Antara serangan dan pembelaan harus seketika

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CASE EXERCISE
05 May 2022 21:16

The actus reus here can be considered in penal code 362. however the element of mens rea cannot be
fulfill as rasheed did not do it intentionally but by accident. So rasheed cannot be held accountable.

The actus reus of chanice can be proven because she has the possesion of the drugs which is not belong
to her. The mens rea however cannot be proven as she only did what he friend told her to do. To make
sure there is no mens rea it is the responsible of Chanice to prove it. In practice, the police don’t want to
burden themselves as they just want to do the job as fast as possible so the police just do strict liability.
(law of narcotics)

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Actus reus: leaving the dog in a dangerous condition which can harm the life of the dog
Mens rea: there need to be more circumstancial evidence about this in order to categorized this case
into recklessness or negligence. It might be that sophie left her dog in the car because it is not allowed
to bring animals inside. After all, she only left the dog for few hours and maybe she'd think that it is okay
to leave the dog for a couple of hours inside the car.

Recklessnes si pelaku tidak melakukan pengahati-hati atau penduga duga terhadap perbuatannya.
Negligence tidak itu.

Actus reus: assault

Mens rea: recklessness as mao does not think further about what would happen to other customer if he
does the action.

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ATTEMPTED CRIME
30 May 2022 11:14

Syarat-syarat dapat dipidananya suatu delik

a. Suatu perbuatan manusia
b. Yang memenuhi rumusan delik (pasal 1 ayat 1 kuhp)
c. Yang bersifat melawan hukum
d. Dilakukan karena kesalahan

Pada dasarnya seorang hanya dipidana karena bersalah melakukan delik, kecuali jika ada alasan
pengahpusan pidana.
Jika ada alasan pemaaf dan pembenar itu merupakan pembatasan dapat dipidananya suatu delik
karena meskipun perbuatan telah memenuhi semua unsur delik, pembuatnya tidak dipidana.

Percobaan delik tercantum dalam pasal 53 KUHP ditetapkan: "mencoba melakukan kejahatan dipidana,
jika niat untuk itu telah ternyata dari adanya bukan semata-mata disebabkan karena kehendaknya
sendiri". Dapat dipidananya percobaan berarti perluasan dapat dipidananya delik: perbuatan baru
untuk sebagian dilaksanakan, seakan-akan masih ada unsur yang "tersisa", tetapi sudah dapat
dijatuhkan pidana meskipun denagna pengurangan 1/3 dari pidana maksimum.

Pasal 54: percobaan melakukan pelanggaran tidak dipidana. Karena menganggap percobaan melakukan
pelanggaran terlampau ringan
Pasal 53 KUHP tidak menyebutkan apa percobaan itu, tetapi hanya menetapkan dalam keadaan apa
percobaan

Not all crimes can be considered as attempt of crime.

Intention - Conspiracy ---> pemufakatan penjahat

Preparation is punishable for certain crimes only. Not all crime can be related to conspiracy.

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Substantial step is important in determining a certain attempted crime.

Criminal attempt preparation:

Mere preparation to commit a crime is generally insufficient to constitute the crime of criminal attempt.
The conduct is not an attempt unless it involves a substantial step toward the comission of the offense
and is strongly corroborative of the actors criminal purpose

Pemufakatan penjahat - conspiracy

Which is more serious? Conspiracy or perperation
Preparation is more serious as it closer to attempt of crime (however it is not punishable). But in a

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Preparation is more serious as it closer to attempt of crime (however it is not punishable). But in a
special like makar or rebellion to the state then it is punishable.
• Someone who does conspiracy can be punished 1/3.
• Someone who does preparation is punished 1/2.
• Someone who does substantial step is punished 2/3.
Percobaan penganiayaan tidak dipidana (mistreatment) - it is an exception
Permulaan pelaksanaan - commencement of an act (beginning of execution)

Absolut - objeknya gaada

relatif - objeknya ada tapi tidak mampu untuk melakukan
Menurut sebagian besar ahli hukum - ketidakmampuan percobaan tetap bisa dipidana.

KUHP 406 - MENGHANCURKAN ATAU MERUSAKKAN BARANG

Kalau tidak ada tulisan pengecualian di dalam pasal maka dapat dikategorikan sebagai percobaan.

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PARTIES TO CRIME
08 June 2022 10:57

Pasal 55 -penyertaan dalam delik

The one who orders (doenpleger) - Pelaku material dan Pelaku intelektual

Requirements of medepleger:
1. Persamaan kehendak/kesepakatan sebelumnya/kesamaan pikiran - meeting of mind

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Concious cooperation adalah kerjasama yang disadari. There is no need for agreement but there must
be a purpose to cooperate.

Dalam pengeroyokan pencopetan termasuk kedalam medepleger karna ada concious cooperation,
walaupun tidak ada janjian tetapi

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Yang tidak bisa diminta tanggung jawab - cacat dalam jiwa raga nya 100 persen, mental terganggu oleh
penyakit (pasal 44)

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Bagaimana kalo modusnya selain itu apakah bisa dipidana?

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CONCURSUS
20 June 2022 10:28

Concursus realis - Someone who commits a crime more than one time and none of the crimes has been
decided by the court; all of them are filed at once; or
Concursus idealis - Someone commits criminal act but the act includes more than one provision

The important of studying concursus: to determine the punishment for someone who has committed a
crime more than once.

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Kalo waktu terlalu lama bukan termasuk perbuatan berlanjut karena akan termasuk ke dalam concursus
idealis
Concursus realis - melakukan tindak pidana yang bermacam-macam

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DEFENCES TO CRIME
27 June 2022 10:45

Fis kompulsifat
Fis absolut

Perpetrator - pelaku
Suspect - tersangka
Accused - terdakwa
Verdict - terpidana

It is the duty of the prosecutor to prove the excuse of the perpetrator.

If there is no mens rea, then there is no sifat melawan hukum

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Mengabaikan hukum tidak ada pembelaan

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In common law the judge uses their own interpretation and make decision based on unwritten law and
usually very detail to make it a jurisprudence in the upcoming similar cases.

In civil law, we used the written laws in order to make decision. Someone cannot be adjudicate when
there is no law regulates it.

In indonesia, there is no excuse for someone who drinks something and do a certain crime. Tidak bisa
dijadikan sebgai alasan pemaaf. Negativing sendiri bertujuan untuk mengurangi atau meniadakan
sebuah kesalahan. Meniadakan actus reus ataupun mens rea nya.

Negativing defences - denies the mens rea and actus reus

Affirmative defences - had justification or excuses

Alasan pembernar menghapuskan sifat melawan hukumnya perbuatan, sehingga perbuatan yang benar
Alasan pemaaf menghapus kesalaahn terdakwa meski perbuatannya bersifat melawan hukum tapi tidak
dipidana.

Sefl defence composition:

- Proportionally
- Try to avoid first
- Assault in the first resort

Dua asas penting

Subsidiaritas - tidak ada jalan lain, tindakan tsb adalah satu-satunya
Proporsionalitas - keseimbangan antara kepentingan yang dilindungi dengan yang dikorbankan

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Menghindari risiko yang lebih besar dan mengambil risiko yang lebih kecil.
Necessity - tindakan ini harus tidak punya alternatif lain, perbuatan ini harus dilakukan untuk
menghindari bahaya yang lebih besar.

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Harus ada tekanan dari luar. KUHP kita gak mengatur tentang provokasi.

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Gak boleh adanya pembuktian kembali. Yang membuktikan itu yang menuduh.

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PUNISHMENTS
04 July 2022 10:50

• Main punishment is punishment that can be independent

• Additional punishment is additional for main punishment. It depends on the situation where the
judge can use the additional punishment

Prisoners in indonesia cannot work outside the prison, different with the prisoners in outside indonesia.

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Rehabilitation - memulihkan kembali for the perpetrator

Capital punishment - death penalty. It is one of the form of death penalty. We implement the death
penalty is limited and selective only for certain crimes.

Di KUHP yang akan datang, kalau hakim menjatuhkan hukuman mati harus dipenjara 10 tahun terlebih
dahulu lalu dieksekusi. Why?
We give opportunity to the perpetrator, to have a good behaviour so that it can be change from death
penalty.

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PIDANA TAMBAHAN

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CATEGORIES OF CRIME
06 July 2022 10:41

3 BOOKS - GENERAL PRINCIPLE, FELONY AND MISDEMEANOR

Book 2 is serious crime - HAS 31 CHAPTERS

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Learn by yourself about these crimes, thousands kinds of articles.

Book 3 is less serious crime

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There are 3 interests for individual, society and state

Crimes against property

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Extortion - pemerasan
Threat - ancaman

THEFT:
Delik genus (general) crime and delik spesius (spesifik) crime

Article 362 - delik genus (general)

We have to have capability to identify the elements of the crime.

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362 is for normal condition, 363 is for specific co0ndition
When someone conduct in 363 is heavier which is 7 years compare to article 362 only 5 years.

Gaboleh ditambah kalo melakukan delik bertumpuk. Hanya maximal 9 tahun. Gaboleh memberikan
lebih dari 9 tahun.

Pencurian ringan 364

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\
pencurian denagn kekerasan 365 kuhp.

Delik spesifik 365 (2) kuhp - refer to article 363.

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Crimes against life (338-350)
Persecution (351-358)
Negligence Resulting In Death/injury (359-361)

Murder
Article 338
- Whoever
- On purpose
- Taking on other people's lives
- Sanction 15 years.

There are 2 kinds of finding law

Interpretation
Construction: analogi and argumentum a contrario

Murder followed accompanied or precede by crime

Article 339

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Article 339
Murder
Followed, accompanied or preceded
Something criminal

Dakwaan primer - dakwaan yang di duga pertama dan yang paling berat untuk memastikan
Dakwaan subsider - dakwaan yang diduga biasa
Dakwaan lebih subsider - dakwaan yang lebih biasa
Dakwaan lebih lebih subsider - dakwaan yang lebih lebih biasa

.
Concursus idealis - satu perbuatan kena beberapa peraturan
Concursus realis - beberapa perbuatan

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Article 343 - is categorized as medepleger. There is a meeting of mind (kesamaan kehendak) or
agreement.

Tidak semua euthanasia - euthanasia adalah mati dengan tenang.

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Tidak semua euthanasia - euthanasia adalah mati dengan tenang.
Euthnasia ada 2: karna medis dan karna memang ingin mati
Unsur paling penting euthanasia adalah request of the person himself. "Yang jelas dinyatakan dengan
kesungguhan hati".
If its done by doctor, there is additional sanction for 1/3. if other people who aid the request of the
person then just 12 years

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PERSECUTION
13 July 2022 10:40

DELIK GENUS - ARTICLE 351 (1)

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DIJELASKAN LEBIH LANJUT TERKAIT LUKA BERAT DALAM PASAL 90

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JCI
24 July 2022 19:45

- Niat
- Permulaan pelaksanaan
- Tidak selesainya pelaksanaan itu bukan karena kehendak dia sendiri

Materil - akibat yang ditimbul

Formil - perbuatannya

Objektif dilihat dr unsur dua dan ketiga nya

Subjektif poging - pelaksanaan kehendak

Absolut gabisa dipidana

Relatif bisa dipidana
302 dan 304 kuhp tidak bisa dipidana

Concursus idealis
Concursus realis -

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