The Unbelievable Stories of Palaiphatos

and the Etymology of Orion or Urion

Joannes Richter

Abstract
Ancient stories may interpret the etymology of “URION“ as the early version of “Orion”. A chapter
titled “Orion” in the original versions of Palaiphatos, On Unbelievable Stories1, describe this
remarkable etymology, which is based on a hunter, whose birth is initiated by impregnating a bull-
hide with three gods' urine. Orion's name is derived from the ancient Greek word oros "mountain"
or from ourios "URINE". This story may be found in Hyginus Fabulae 195 & Astr 2.34, Ovid Fasti
5.493, Servius ad Aeneid 10.763, Nonnus Dionysiaca 13.96)2.
This abundantly spread story may be based on three pentagrams “URION“ (the hunter Orion),
"URINE" (the semen) and the bull “BISON” or “WISENT”.
Orion may be the most important prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and
visible throughout the world. Orion is found as a chapter in the original Greek version of
Palaiphatos, On Unbelievable Stories (Παλαίφατος - Περὶ ἀπίστων).
The collection of 52 unbelievable stories may help us to find a etymological rule, which may
explain a number of etymologies in archaic legends.
In the chapters of On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos) we may identify a number of powerful animals
as the bison, lion, boar and/or bear, bull, horse, lynx and various monsters. The Centaurs may be
interpreted as “cowboys”, who are riding horses, but are hunting “bulls” (the “taurus” in Centaurs).
The documented overview of the powerful animals (boar, bear, bison, wisent, horses and cows) and
pentagrams Thebes (ΘΉΒΑΙΣ), IÁSŌN, AÍSŌN, BJØRN, SWINE, WISENT, BISON, MINOS,
CETUS, SKÚLLA, URION, URINE are identified in the chapters of On Incredible Tales
(Palaiphatos).

1 See the appendix 1 for various sources of Palaiphatos, On Unbelievable Stories

2 [2.3] Born of GAIA & an oxhide soaked with the urine of ZEUS, POSEIDON, & HERMES (Hyginus Fabulae 195
& Astr 2.34, Ovid Fasti 5.493, Servius ad Aeneid 10.763, Nonnus Dionysiaca 13.96)
The early pentagrams Iásōn ↔ Aísōn & Ianus ↔ Anius
The Latin names Ianus and Anius
In Latin one of the early (or earliest?) sky-gods seems to be IANUS, the god of the beginning,
whose name is a genuine pentagram.
In ancient Roman religion and myth, Janus (Latin: IANVS) is the god of beginnings,
gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways,[2] passages, frames, and endings. He is
usually depicted as having two faces3.

Another antipodal composition is found in the legends of a Trojan emigration to Rome. In Greco-
Roman mythology, Aeneas, Ancient Greek: Αἰνείας, AINEÍĀS) was a Trojan hero, who he is
interpreted as an ancestor of Romulus and Remus. He became the first true hero of Rome. Snorri
Sturluson identifies him with the Norse god Vidarr (VIDAR) of the Æsir.[3]. There is no certainty
regarding the origin of his name4.
Leaving the ruins of Troy Aeneas landed in Thrace and founded a new city named Aenos in Thrace,
today's Enez. The ancient name of this new city was Ainos (Greek: Αίνος), Latinised as Aenus.
The location caused some problems and the Trojan fleet took course to Delos, where the king Anius
(ANIUS, Ἄνιος) was a priest of Apollo Phoebus5. King ANIUS was born on the island of Delos,
which was sacred to his father Apollo. Later, Anius, an old friend of Anchises, gave aid to him, his
son Aeneas, and his retinue when they were fleeing from Troy and en route to the future site of
Rome.[116][127]
According to a rare version of the myth, Aeneas married ANIUS's daughter Lavinia (or Launa),
who, like her father, had prophetic abilities and bore Aeneas a son, who was also named ANIUS.
[138][149]10
In an overview we may identify the correlation between the early names “ANIUS”. These names
are related to the core AIN of Aeneas , IAN of Janus and ANI of ANIUS:
Interpretation Root Greek
1 god of beginnings Janus IANUS IAN
2 Trojan hero Aeneas AINEÍĀS AIN Αἰνείας
3 City in Thrace Ainos or Aenus (Thrace) AENUS AEN Αίνος
4 an old friend of king Anius of Delos ANIUS ANI Ἄνιος
Anchises
5 Son of Aeneas Son of Lavinia & Aeneas ANIUS ANI Ἄνιος

Table 1 Correlation between the early names “ANIUS”

The last entry seems to be rather rare and may be skipped, which still may be foundation of Rome
on two correlated pentagrams: Janus(IANUS)and king Anius ANIUS.

3 Janus
4 Etymology in Aeneas
5 In Greek mythology, Anius (Ancient Greek: Ἄνιος) was a king of Delos and priest of Apollo
6 Virgil, Aeneid 3.80–83, with Servius' commentary
7 Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.622 ff
8 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae 1.59 quoted in Anius
9 Aurelius Victor, Origo Gentis Romanae 9 quoted in Anius
10 Anius
The Greek names Aísōn and Iásōn
In Greek language (and dialects) the name JASΩN may be found in the well-known legend of the
Argonauts, in which we identify two related genuine pentagrams Ἰάσων (IÁSŌN) and Αἴσων
(AÍSŌN). The long vowel Ω may be interpreted as a labial OU, which indicates that Ἰάσων
(IÁSŌN) and Αἴσων (AÍSŌN) are related pentagrams. The cores of their names (father Aeson and
son Jason) are composed as antipodes: IÁSŌN ↔ AÍSŌN.
Jason (Greek: Ἰάσων, translit. IÁSŌN) was an mythological hero and leader of the
Argonauts, whose quest for the Golden Fleece featured in Greek literature. He was the
son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcos. He was married to the sorceress Medea.

In Greek mythology, Aeson (Ancient Greek: Αἴσων Aísōn) was a king of Iolcus in
Thessaly. He was the father of the hero Jason.

Now we may interpret these names as early dedicated pentagrams, which are related to the Greek
Argonauts and the Roman history.
Language Greek Latin
Pentagrams AÍSŌN IÁSŌN IANUS ANIUS
1 Greek Name Αἴσων Ἰάσων --- Ἄνιος
2 Interpretation Aísōn Iásōn Ianvs Anivs
3 Latin Names Aísōn Jason Janus Anius
4 Title king of Iolcos Leader of the Argonauts sky-god King of Delos
5 Relation Father of Jason Son of Aeson
Married with Medea
Table 2 Pentagrams in the Argonauts and in Latin Legends
Based on their relations to the Argonauts in the stories “On Incredible Tales” (Palaiphatos) we may
interpret Jason (Iásōn) and his father Aeson (Aísōn) as pentagrams in the stories of Medea,
Lynceus_of_Messene and Cæneus from Thessalia.
The legends of the migration of the Trojan survivors and their foundation of Rome seem to be based
on the same corresponding letters I, A, N, Ou respectively U, S for the names Αἴσων, Ἰάσων, Janus
and Anius. Basically11 these names (AÍSŌN, IÁSŌN, IANUS, ANIUS) are pentagrams, which are
based on the same letters.

11 In the Greek alphabet the long letter Ω may be interpreted as “OO” or “OU”.
The history of Orion
Some historical notes suggest the correlation of the words WISENT, BISON, MINOS, CETUS,
SKÚLLA, URION, SPINE.
Hesiod says that Orion was the son of Euryale, the daughter of MINOS and of Poseidon.

The birth and death of Orion

Pseudo-Hyginus, Fabulae 195 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"Jove [Zeus], Neptunus [Poseidon], and Mercurius [Hermes] came as guests to King
Hyrieus in Thrace. Since they were received hospitably by him, they promised him
whatever he should ask for. He asked for children. Mercurius [Hermes] brought out the
hide of the bull which Hyrieus had sacrificed to them; they urinated in it, and buried it
in the earth, and from it Orion was born. When he tried to violate Diana [Artemis], she
killed him. Later he was placed by Jove [Zeus] among the stars, and called Orion."

Cicero's description of Orion

Even traditional depictions of Orion have varied greatly. Cicero drew Orion in a similar
fashion to the modern depiction. The Hunter held an unidentified animal skin12
represented aloft in his right hand; his hand was represented by Omicron2 Orionis and
the skin was by the 5 stars designated Pi Orionis.

Hyginus' description of Orion

The depiction of Hyginus was similar to that of Cicero, though the two differed in a few
important areas. Cicero's animal skin became Hyginus's shield (Omicron and Pi
Orionis), and instead of an arm marked out by Mu Orionis, he holds a club (Chi
Orionis). His right leg is represented by Theta Orionis and his left leg is represented by
Lambda, Mu, and Epsilon Leporis. Further Western European and Arabic depictions
have followed these two models.[43]

The etymology in the Bible

The Bible mentions Orion three times, naming it "KeSiL" (‫כסיל‬, literally – fool). The Hebrew root
K-S-L also matches to the words "kesel, kisla" (‫ כס לסלה ה‬,‫כססל ל‬, hope, positiveness)13, which may also
allow a pentagram such as KeSyL.

The history of Orion in the USA

To the Lakota Native Americans, Tayamnicankhu (Orion's Belt) is the SPINE of a BISON, in which
both words SPINE and BISON are pentagrams14.

12 the bull-hide (?)

13 Source: Orion (Constellation)
14 Source: Chapter “Americas” in Orion (Constellation)
On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos)
In the chapters of On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos) we may identify a number of powerful animals
as the (1) bison, (2) lion, (3) boar, swine, bear, (4) bull, (5) horse, (6) lynx, (7) fox, (8) ram, (9)
swan, (M) various monsters and (V) all animals.
The Centaurs may be interpreted as “cowboys”, who are riding horses, but are hunting “bulls” (the
“taurus” in Centaurs). Therefore the centaurs are related to the BISON, respectively WISENT.
The word MORIN represents a pentagram as a word for a Mongolian horse breed.
The etymology of the word “wolf” (Lycus, LÚKOS) may be related to the lynx (Λυγκεύς, LÚnKEύS
"lynx-eyed" → Lynceus_of_Messene)15.
The entries which are related to Thebes (3, 4, 5, 6) may be synchronized to Cadmus' introduction of
the Greek alphabet. At the introduction of the alphabet for the early Greek language the letters Τ H Ι
Β Α Υ may have been derived from the city's name ThIVAS16.
The following overview of the animals and pentagrams IÁSŌN, AÍSŌN, WISENT, BISON, SWINE,
BJØRN, MINOS, CETUS, SKÚLLA, URION, URINE are identified in the chapters of On Incredible
Tales (Palaiphatos).
On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos) references # references references pentagrams
English 1 1 2 3
1 The Centaurs (cowboys) Horses / 5 horse Ken & taurus WISENT
Wisent 1 BISON
2 MINOS
Pasiphaë (of Crete) bison 1 Pasiphaë Minotaur
3 The Spartoi (seed for Thebes) dragon M Thebes Spartoi
4 Thebes
The Sphinx of Cadmus lion 2 Thebes Cadmus
ΘΉΒΑΙΣ
5 The Teumessian fox fox 7 Thebes Creon ThIVAS
6 Actaeon trained by the Centaur Chiron Thebes Actaeon
7 Mares of Diomedes man-eating horses 4 horses 5 centaur Lapith(s) WISENT
BISON
8 Niobe (wedded to Amphion17) Niobe
9 Lynceus_of_Messene - lynx 6 ~wolf (?) Argonauts LÚnKEύS
Λυγκεύς "lynx-eyed") 18 (LÚKOS) IÁSŌN Λυγκεύς
10 Cæneus from Thessalia19 centaur 5 AÍSŌN BISON
11 Cycnus of Kolonai (Swan20) swan 9 Trojan War
12 Daedalus and Icarus Minotaur 1 Daedalus Icarus MINOS
13 21
Atalanta and Melanion Lions 2 Atalante Melanion Bear
BJØRN
15 In Greek language the etymology for "lynx" is Greek “LYNGX”. Often linked to PIE root *leuk- "light, brightness,"
in reference to its gleaming eyes or its ability to see in the dark, but there are phonetic problems with that and
Beekes suggests a loan from a non-IE substrate language. (Source: Etymology lynx (n.) )
16 Understand your Alphabet
17 This is related to the myth of the seven youths and seven maidens who were sent every year to the king Minos of
Crete as an offering sacrifice to the Minotaur.
18 In Greek mythology, Lynceus (Anc, Greek: Λυγκεύς "lynx-eyed") was a Messenian prince and one of the Argonauts
[1][2][3], who served as a lookout on the Argo.[4] He also participated in the hunt for the Calydonian boar.[5]
19 Caeneus is said to have died in the battle between the Lapiths and the centaurs (see Pirithous).
20 After his death, Cycnus was changed into a swan.[17]
21 Atalanta and Hippomenes were turned into lions by Cybele as punishment after having sex in one of her temples
 14 Callisto she-bear 3 Callisto BJØRN
15 Europe bull 1 Europa Taurus BISON
16 22
The Troyan horse (Dyrateus ) horse 5 Dyraeus
17 Aiolos wind-god
18 H(V)esperides (west-Nymphs) dragon M
19 Kottos & Briareos
20 Scylla (naiad) monster M SKÚLLA
21 Daedalus23 Minotaur 1 MINOS
BISON
22 Phineus, tormented by the Harpies Harpies M
23 Mestra
24 Geryon with 3 faces/souls (Tricarene)
25 Glaucus (son of Sisyphus)24 horses 5
(see chapter 4 in Actéon)
26 Glaucus (son of Minos) Pasiphaë MINOS
27 The seaman Glaucos (of the sea ) monster M
28 Bellerophon Winged 5 Pegasus
29 horse
The horses of Pelops
30 Phrixus & Helle (twins) ram 8
31 The 3 daughters (Gorgons) of the merman merman M snakes
Phorcys25
32 The Amazons, a tribe of warriors
33 Orpheus - 'the father of songs'[15] animals V
34 Pandora (woman created by Hephaestus)
35 First women Meliae (ash-tree.[2]) ash-tree
36 Hercules
37 Ceto(n) (ketos, Latin: Cetus) monster M CETUS
38 Hydra - serpentine water monster monster M
39 Cerberus, a multi-headed dog Monster M
dog
40 Alcestis26 Lion/ boar 2 SWINE
or bear BJØRN
41 Amphion and Zethus
42 Io (ἸΏ) with bovine horns cow 1
43 Medea – she was married to Jason (Iásōn) Jason Aegeus IÁSŌN
AÍSŌN

22 In the Greek tradition, the horse is called the "wooden horse" (δουράτεος ἵππος douráteos híppos in Homeric/Ionic
Greek (Odyssey 8.512); δούρειος ἵππος, doúreios híppos in Attic Greek). A horse was the emblem of Troy.
23 Architect for the creations such as the wooden cow for Pasiphaë and the palace for MINOS
24 Glaucus Potnieus (Glaucus at Potniae),[2]
25 Phorcys was depicted as a fish-tailed merman with crab-claw legs and red, spiky skin.
26 It was declared by her father that she would marry the first man to yoke a lion and a boar (or a bear in some cases) to
a chariot.
 44 Omphale (a mistress of Heracles)
45 The horn of Amalthea
46 The story of Hyacinth
47 The story of the Marsyas
48 Phaon
49 The story of Ladon monster M
50 Hera/Juno): ox-eyed Queen of Heaven cow 1
51 Orion (Urion) ox-hide 1 Orion (O)URION
URINE
BISON
52 Phaeton driving the chariot of the sun horses 5
Table : Overview of the titles in On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos)
Source: Les histoires incroyables (présentation par Palaiphatos) - Traduction Ugo Bratelli

The entries with reference to Thebes are found at the beginning of the list. Some names “Glaucus”
are grouped as a triad (at 25, 26, 27). Three monsters are concentrated as a triad (37, 39, 39).
References to Minos and Crete are not concentrated in the list.
Selected overview of the pentagrams
The following overview of the powerful animals (bison, wisent, horses and cows) and pentagrams
Thebes (ΘΉΒΑΙΣ), WISENT, BISON, MINOS, BJØRN, SWINE, CETUS, SKÚLLA, URION, URINE
are identified in the chapters of On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos):
On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos) reference Relations and pentagrams
s
French English 1 1 2 3
1
Les Centaures The Centaurs (cowboys) Horses / horse Ken & WISENT
Wisent taurus BISON
MINOS
2
Pasiphaé Pasiphaë (of Crete) bison Pasiphaë Minotaur
3
Les Spartoi The Spartoi (seed for Thebes) dragon Thebes Spartoi
Thebes
4
Sphinx de la Cadmée The Sphinx of Cadmus lion Thebes Cadmus ΘΉΒΑΙΣ
5
Renard de Teumessos The Teumessian fox fox Thebes Creon
6
Actéon Actaeon trained by centaur Chiron Thebes Actaeon
7
Chevaux de Diomède Mares of Diomedes man-eating 4 horses centaur Lapith(s) WISENT
horses BISON
10
Cénée (Cænéis) Cæneus from Thessalia27 centaur BISON
12
Dédale et Icare Daedalus and Icarus Minotaur Daedalus Icarus MINOS
13
Atalanta and Melanion Lions28 bear Atalante Melanion BJØRN
14
Callisto she-bear bear Callisto BJØRN
15
Europe Europe bull Europa Taurus BISON
16 29
Le Cheval de bois The Troyan horse (Dyrateus ) horse Dyraeus
20
Scylla Scylla (naiad) monster SKÚLLA
21
Dédale Daedalus30 Minotaur MINOS
BISON
25
Glaucos de Sisyphe Glaucus (son of Sisyphus)31 horses
(see chapter 4 in Actéon)
26
Glaucos de Minos Glaucus (son of Minos) Pasiphaë MINOS
28
Bellérophon Bellerophon Winged Pegasus
29 horse
Les chevaux de Pélops The horses of Pelops
37
Céto Ceto(n) (ketos, Latin: Cetus) monster CETUS
42
Io Io (ἸΏ) with bovine horns cow
50
Héra (Juno) Hera/Juno): ox-eyed Queen of cow
Heaven
51
Orion Orion (Urion) Orion (O)URION
URINE
BISON

27 Caeneus is said to have died in the battle between the Lapiths and the centaurs (see Pirithous).
28 Atalanta and Hippomenes were turned into lions by Cybele as punishment after having sex in one of her temples
29 In the Greek tradition, the horse is called the "wooden horse" (δουράτεος ἵππος douráteos híppos in Homeric/Ionic
Greek (Odyssey 8.512); δούρειος ἵππος, doúreios híppos in Attic Greek). A horse was the emblem of Troy.
30 Architect for the creations such as the wooden cow for Pasiphaë and the palace for MINOS
31 Glaucus Potnieus (Glaucus at Potniae),[2]
52
Phaéton Phaeton driving the chariot of the sun horses
Table : Overview of the titles with powerful animals (bison, wisent, horses and cows) and
pentagrams in On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos)
Source: Les histoires incroyables (présentation par Palaiphatos) - Traduction Ugo Bratelli
25 Reasons to confirm the Theory of the 5-letter Words
From time to time I compose a list of “Reasons to confirm the Theory of the 5-letter Words”. I may
need these lists for my own acceptance and for others.
1. First of all we know the earlier categorization of the letters in the 5 linguistic sources, which
are found in the Sefer Yetzirah. The standard description of the phonetic sources are lingual,
labial, guttural, palatal and dental. The categorization is based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-
Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic
sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew alphabet.
2. Flinders Petrie describes the 2-dimensional alphabets, which previously had been
documented by other specialists such as Lepsius, Donaldson, and Taylor32.
3. In the Sefer Yetzirah the standard description of the phonetic sources are lingual, labial,
guttural, palatal and dental. Cicero applies other words such as “tongue”, “teeth”, “palate”,
“jaws”33, “the nostrils34, lungs and sides35”. In modern translations the “jaws” (1877) are
replaced by “throat” (1997).
4. Cicero argues the gods cannot be happy without a virtue.In the Sefer Yetzirah the standard
description of the phonetic sources are lingual, labial, guttural, palatal and dental. Cicero
applies other words such as “tongue”, “teeth”, “palate”, “jaws”36, “the nostrils37, lungs and
sides38”. In modern translations the “jaws” (1877) are replaced by “throat” (1997).
5. Cicero argues the gods cannot be happy without a virtue, which had been confirmed in the
Hellenic words for the consorts of the sky-god D,J,E,U,S (Zeus). The most important virtues
had been composed from the 5 letters, respectively M,E,T,I,S (“Wisdom”) and Θ,E,M,I,S
(“Justice”)39.
6. The five points of articulation, which may be identified in each human body, ultimately
leads us to the inheritance of the Germanic gods WIT(AS) (“wisdom”) ↔ TIW(AS)
(“justice”) from the Greek METIS (“wisdom”) ↔ ΘEMIS (“justice”) and also to the
foundation of the Frankish royalty, which is based on the five-horned Quinotaur40 as a
symbolic forefather for the pedigree of CLOVIS I up to LOUIS XIX.
7. The Sanskrit and Old-Persian alphabets are also based on categorized alphabets with 5 five
points of articulation, which slightly may deviate from: lingual, labial, guttural, palatal and
dental.41
The overview lists the following pentagrams from Categorized Overview of the Pentagrams:
32 The Formation of the Alphabet - William Matthew Flinders Petrie (1912) –
quoted in Understand your Alphabet - The Introduction of a Number of Eurasian Alphabets
33 Shall the Deity, then, have a tongue, and not speak—teeth, palate, and jaws, though he will have no use for them?
34 We Stoics, therefore, compare the tongue to the bow of an instrument, the teeth to the strings, and the nostrils to the
sounding-board.
35 And they must needs have these appearances speak, which is not possible without a tongue, and a palate, and jaws,
and without the help of lungs and sides, and without some shape or figure; for they could see nothing by their mind
alone—they referred all to their eyes.
36 Shall the Deity, then, have a tongue, and not speak—teeth, palate, and jaws, though he will have no use for them?
37 We Stoics, therefore, compare the tongue to the bow of an instrument, the teeth to the strings, and the nostrils to the
sounding-board.
38 And they must needs have these appearances speak, which is not possible without a tongue, and a palate, and jaws,
and without the help of lungs and sides, and without some shape or figure; for they could see nothing by their mind
alone—they referred all to their eyes.
39 Notes to Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations, On the Nature of the Gods, On the Commonwealth
40 Fredegar (c. 650). "Chronicarum quae dicuntur Fredegarii scholastici libri IV cum continuationibus". In Krusch,
Bruno (ed.). Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum. Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Vol. 2. Hannover: Hahn
(published 1888). p. 95. Retrieved January 13, 2022. bistea Neptuni Quinotauri similis eam.
41 Understand your Alphabet - The Introduction of a Number of Eurasian Alphabets
 1. Divine names as pentagrams TEIWS, TIWAS, TIWAZ.
2. The new Etymology for the 2 (parental) Pentagrams PITAR & MATIR.
3. The parental sky-gods and chthonic deities (DYḖUS PH₂TḖR ,…. DÆ...-MATIR).
4. The theonyms in the 2-dimensional alphabets, runic and ogham signaries
5. Some samples for the theonyms DIÉU, DIÒU, DIEU, DÏOU, DIU, …. and the Personal
Pronouns (IÉU, IÒU, JE, YIOU, ÉIU, ...) of the 1st Person Singular 42.
6. The 4 cardinal virtues ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ), ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ), ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ), ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ) respectively Metis, Themis,
Thymos, Mythos in the „Seven against Thebes“ of Aeschylus, which represent the first
specification of the cardinal virtues. In Thebes two kings (Laius and Lycus of Euboea) are
pentagrams.
7. The following 4 Rivers of Paradise: the FIRAT (Euphrates), Ava MEZIN (Tigris). PISON
(Pishon) and the KARUN (Gihon)
8. Overview of the (19) European waterways
9. Overview of the (16) pentagram names for cities
10. Overview of the (7) pentagram names for states and peoples
11. Overview of the (15) pentagram names without etymologies
12. In the legends the introduction of the Greek alphabet starts with a specification of the initial
letters “Τ H Ι Β Α Υ” by the goddess of “fate” (represented by the 3 Moirai). The Hellenic
name of the city, which is to be founded is ΘΗΗΒΑΙ, or ThÊBAI (f. pl.) and in het Latin
ThEBAE.
13. The modern spelling of Thebes is Thiva (or ThIVA), which more or less matches “Τ H Ι Β Α
Υ”. Also the runes FYThAR may be matching the initial letters “Τ H Ι Β Α Υ”. The leader of
the 5 warriors of Cadmus, had a son Pentheus, who was the successor of Cadmus.
14. Ancient stories may interpret the etymology of “URION“ as the early version of “Orion”. A
chapter titled “Orion” in the original versions of Palaiphatos, On Unbelievable Stories43,
describe this remarkable etymology, which is based on a hunter, whose birth is initiated by
impregnating a bull-hide with three gods' urine. Orion's name is derived from the ancient
Greek word oros "mountain" or from ourios "URINE". This story may be found in Hyginus
Fabulae 195 & Astr 2.34, Ovid Fasti 5.493, Servius ad Aeneid 10.763, Nonnus Dionysiaca
13.96)44.
15. Jason (IÁSŌN) and his father Aeson (AÍSŌN) may belong to the earliest names as 5-letter
words. Jason is a mythological hero and leader of the Argonauts. His father Aeson was a
king. The antipodal IA-AI-relation in IÁSŌN ↔ AÍSŌN may also found in the antipodal
virtues ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ), ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ), ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ), ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ)

The number of evidences is growing each week. I am still checking legends to find new reasons to
abandon the theory, but in contrast the number of positive signs is growing every week. These are
the words, which do not need to be formed as metaphors, but are composed from 5 points of
articulation.

42 The Origin of some Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular

43 See the appendix 1 for various sources of Palaiphatos, On Unbelievable Stories
44 [2.3] Born of GAIA & an oxhide soaked with the urine of ZEUS, POSEIDON, & HERMES (Hyginus Fabulae 195
& Astr 2.34, Ovid Fasti 5.493, Servius ad Aeneid 10.763, Nonnus Dionysiaca 13.96)
Of course etymologists will have to ignore the theory of the “Theory of the 5-letter Words”. Never
mind: the truth will be confirmed in a few decades of waiting for the confirmation of the academic
circles.
Summary
Ancient stories may interpret the etymology of “URION“ as the early version of “Orion”. A chapter
titled “Orion” in the original versions of Palaiphatos, On Unbelievable Stories45, describe this
remarkable etymology, which is based on a hunter, whose birth is initiated by impregnating a bull-
hide with three gods' urine. Orion's name is derived from the ancient Greek word oros "mountain"
or from ourios "URINE". This story may be found in Hyginus Fabulae 195 & Astr 2.34, Ovid Fasti
5.493, Servius ad Aeneid 10.763, Nonnus Dionysiaca 13.96)46.
The abundantly spread story may be based on three pentagrams “URION“ (the hunter Orion),
"URINE" (the semen) and the bull “BISON” or “WISENT”.
Orion may be the most important prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and
visible throughout the world. Orion is found as a chapter in the original Greek version of
Palaiphatos, On Unbelievable Stories (Παλαίφατος - Περὶ ἀπίστων).
The collection of 52 unbelievable stories may help us to find a etymological rule, which may
explain a number of etymologies in archaic legends.
In the chapters of On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos) we may identify a number of powerful animals
as the bison, lion, boar, swine, bear, bull, horse, lynx and various monsters. The Centaurs may be
interpreted as “cowboys”, who are riding horses, but are hunting “bulls” (the “taurus” in Centaurs).
The documented overview of the powerful animals (bison, wisent, horses and cows) and
pentagrams Thebes (ΘΉΒΑΙΣ), IÁSŌN, AÍSŌN, BJØRN, SWINE, WISENT, BISON, MINOS,
CETUS, SKÚLLA, URION, URINE are identified in the chapters of On Incredible Tales
(Palaiphatos).

45 See the appendix 1 for various sources of Palaiphatos, On Unbelievable Stories

46 [2.3] Born of GAIA & an oxhide soaked with the urine of ZEUS, POSEIDON, & HERMES (Hyginus Fabulae 195
& Astr 2.34, Ovid Fasti 5.493, Servius ad Aeneid 10.763, Nonnus Dionysiaca 13.96)
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
The early pentagrams Iásōn ↔ Aísōn & Ianus ↔ Anius.....................................................................2
The Latin names Ianus and Anius....................................................................................................2
The Greek names Aísōn and Iásōn..................................................................................................3
The history of Orion.............................................................................................................................4
The birth and death of Orion............................................................................................................4
Cicero's description of Orion...........................................................................................................4
Hyginus' description of Orion..........................................................................................................4
The etymology in the Bible.............................................................................................................4
The history of Orion in the USA.....................................................................................................4
On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos).........................................................................................................5
Selected overview of the pentagrams..............................................................................................8
25 Reasons to confirm the Theory of the 5-letter Words....................................................................10
Summary.............................................................................................................................................13
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................15
Appendix 1 - The Greek order of the Wikisource Παλαίφατος.....................................................15
Appendix 2 – The French order of the translation.........................................................................16
Appendices
Appendix 1 - The Greek order of the Wikisource Παλαίφατος
There are numerous versions of “The Unbelievable Stories” of Palaiphatos with different contents
and additional details to the original chapters.
This work consists of an introduction and 52 brief sections on various Greek myths. The first 45 have a
common format: a brief statement of a wonder tale from Greek mythology, usually followed by a claim of
disbelief ("This is absurd" or "This is not likely" or "The true version is..."), and then a sequence of every-
day occurrences which gave rise to the wonder-story through misunderstanding. The last seven are
equally brief retellings of myth, without any rationalizing explanation.

In the original Greek text the Orion-chapter is found at the position 51. The English 47 version
restricts the contents to 45 chapters and does not list the Orion-section. In an old German 48 (1774)
and Dutch49 (1687) translation the Orion-chapters are found on position 5, respectively 6.
Palaephatus's date and name are uncertain; many scholars have concluded that the name "Palaephatus" is
a pseudonym. What little evidence is extant suggests that the author was likely active during the late
fourth century BCE50.

The chapters in Παλαίφατος - Περὶ ἀπίστων * are listed as follows51:

1 Περὶ Κενταύρων 19 Περὶ Κόττου καὶ Βριάρεω 38 Περὶ Ὕδρας
2 Περὶ Πασιφάης 20 Περὶ Σκύλλης 39 Περὶ Κερβέρου
3 Περὶ Σπαρτῶν 21 Περὶ Δαιδάλου 40 Περὶ Ἀλκήστιδος
4 Περὶ τῆς Καδμείας Σφιγγὸς 22 Περὶ Φινέως 41 Περὶ Ζήθου
5 Περὶ τῆς Τευμησίας Ἀλώπεκος 23 Περὶ Μήστρας 42 Περὶ Ἰοῦς
6 Περὶ Ἀκταίωνος 24 Περὶ Γηρυόνου 43 Περὶ Μηδείας
7 Περὶ τῶν Διομήδους ἵππων 25 Περὶ Γλαύκου τοῦ Σισύφου 44 Περὶ Ὀμφάλης
8 Περὶ Νιόβης 26 Περὶ Γλαύκου τοῦ Μίνωος 45 Περὶ τοῦ κέρατος τῆς Ἀμαλθείας
9 Περὶ Λυγκέως 27 Περὶ Γλαύκου τοῦ θαλασσίου
46 Περὶ Ὑακίνθου διήγημα
10 Περὶ Καινέως 28 Περὶ Βελλεροφόντου
47 Περὶ Μαρσύου διήγημα
11 Περὶ Κύκνου 29 Περὶ Πέλοπος καὶ τῶν ἵππων
48 Περὶ Φάωνος
12 Περὶ Δαιδάλου καὶ Ἰκάρου 30 Περὶ Φρίξου
49 Περὶ Λάδωνος διήγημα
13 Περὶ Ἀταλάντης καὶ 31 Περὶ τῶν Φόρκυνος θυγατέρων
50 Περὶ Ἥρας
Μειλανίωνος 32 Περὶ Ἀμαζόνων
51 Περὶ τοῦ Ὠρίωνος
14 Περὶ Καλλιστοῦς 33 Περὶ Ὀρφέως
52 Περὶ Φαέθοντος
15 Περὶ Εὐρώπης 34 Περὶ Πανδώρας
16 Περὶ τοῦ δουρείου ἵππου 35 Περὶ Μελιῶν γενεᾶς
17 Περὶ Αἰόλου 36 Περὶ Ἡρακλέους
18 Περὶ τῶν Ἑσπερίδων 37 Περὶ τοῦ Κήτους

* (Η αναπαραγωγή του κειμένου βασίζεται στην έκδοση: N. Festa, Mythographi Graeci, vol. III,
fasc. II, "Παλαιφάτου Περὶ ἀπίστων", σελ. 1-72, Lipsiae 1902.)

47 Palaiphatos, On Unbelievable Stories translated into English by Hugo Branley, Billie Hall, Greta Hawes, Tate
Jenetsky, Liam Maldoni, Daniel Prestipino, and Rosemary Selth - translated from the text of Festa (1902)
48 Inhaltsverzeichnis aus: Johann Heinrich Friedrich Meineke, „Palaephatus von unglaublichen Begebenheiten“.
Quedlinburg bey Christoph August Reußner, 1774 (gemeinfrei)
49 Van de ongelooflijke historien: Tot dienste en nut van alle liefhebbers der poëtische en andere schriften, Band 1-
Palaephatus, By Abraham Boekholt, 1687 - 198 Seiten
50 Source: Palaephatus
51 Palaiphatos in der Bibliotheca Augustana (Greek Original Version of the Text)
Appendix 2 – The French order of the translation
The following overview of the animals and pentagrams IÁSŌN, AÍSŌN, BJØRN52, SWINE, WISENT,
BISON, MINOS, CETUS, SKÚLLA, URION, URINE are identified in the chapters of On Incredible
Tales (Palaiphatos).

Les histoires incroyables On Incredible Tales references Pentagrams

(Palaiphatos)
French English 1 3
1 Les Centaures The Centaurs (cowboys) Horses / Wisent WISENT
2 BISON
Pasiphaé Pasiphaë (of Crete) bison
MINOS
3 Les Spartoi The Spartoi (seed for Thebes) dragon
4
Thebes
Sphinx de la Cadmée The Sphinx of Cadmus lion
ΘΉΒΑΙΣ
5 Renard de Teumessos The Teumessian fox fox
6 Actéon Actaeon trained by centaur Chiron
7 Chevaux de Diomède Mares of Diomedes man-eating horses 4 horses WISENT
BISON
8 Niobé Niobe (wedded to Amphion53)
9 Lyncée Lynceus_of_Messene (Argonaut) lynx LÚnKEύS
Λυγκεύς "lynx-eyed") 54 Λυγκεύς
IÁSŌN,
AÍSŌN,
10 Cénée (Cænéis) Cæneus from Thessalia55 centaur BISON
11 Cycnos Cycnus of Kolonai (Swan ) 56
swan
12 Dédale et Icare Daedalus and Icarus Minotaur MINOS
13 Atalante et Mélanion 57
Atalanta and Melanion Lions 58
She-bear
BJØRN
14 Callisto Callisto she-bear BJØRN
15 Europe Europe bull BISON
16 Le Cheval de bois The Troyan horse (Dyrateus59) horse

52 boar (n.) - Middle English bor, from Old English bar "boar, uncastrated male SWINE," from Proto-Germanic
*bairaz (source also of Old Saxon ber, Dutch beer, Old High German ber "a boar"), which is of unknown origin with
no cognates outside West Germanic.
biorn, from Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”) - probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“brown, shining”).
53 This is related to the myth of the seven youths and seven maidens who were sent every year to the king Minos of
Crete as an offering sacrifice to the Minotaur.
54 In Greek mythology, Lynceus (Anc, Greek: Λυγκεύς "lynx-eyed") was a Messenian prince and one of the Argonauts
[1][2][3], who served as a lookout on the Argo.[4] He also participated in the hunt for the Calydonian boar.[5]
55 Caeneus is said to have died in the battle between the Lapiths and the centaurs (see Pirithous).
56 After his death, Cycnus was changed into a swan.[17]
57 At birth, Atalanta was taken to Mount Parthenion to be exposed because her father had desired a son.[3] A she-bear
—one of the symbols of Artemis—whose cubs had been recently killed by hunters came upon Atalanta and nursed
her until those same hunters discovered her and raised her themselves in the mountains.[1]
58 Atalanta and Hippomenes were turned into lions by Cybele as punishment after having sex in one of her temples
59 In the Greek tradition, the horse is called the "wooden horse" (δουράτεος ἵππος douráteos híppos in Homeric/Ionic
Greek (Odyssey 8.512); δούρειος ἵππος, doúreios híppos in Attic Greek). A horse was the emblem of Troy.
 17 Éole Aiolos
18 Les Hespérides H(V)esperides (west-Nymphs) dragon
19 Cottos et Briarée Kottos & Briareos
20 Scylla Scylla (naiad) monster SKÚLLA
21 Dédale Daedalus 60
Minotaur MINOS
BISON
22 Phinée Phineus, tormented by the Harpies Harpies
23 Mestra Mestra
24 Géryon Geryon with 3 faces/souls (Tricarene)
25 Glaucos de Sisyphe Glaucus (son of Sisyphus)61 horses
(see chapter 4 in Actéon)
26 Glaucos de Minos Glaucus (son of Minos) MINOS
27 Glaucos de la mer The seaman Glaucos (of the sea ) monster
28 Bellérophon Bellerophon Winged horse
29 Les chevaux de Pélops The horses of Pelops
30 Phrixos et Hellê Phrixus & Helle (twins) ram
31 Les filles de Phorcys The 3 daughters (Gorgons) of the merman merman
Phorcys62
32 Les Amazones The Amazons, a tribe of warriors
33 Orphée Orpheus - 'the father of songs'[15] animals
34 Pandore Pandora (woman created by Hephaestus)
35 La race des frênes First women Meliae (ash-tree.[2]) ash-tree
36 Héraclès Hercules
37 Céto Ceto(n) (ketos, Latin: Cetus) monster CETUS
38 L'Hydre Hydra - serpentine water monster monster
39 Cerbère Cerberus, a multi-headed dog dog
40 Alceste Alcestis 63
Lion/ boar BJØRN
SWINE
41 Zéthos et Amphion Amphion and Zethus
42 Io Io (ἸΏ) with bovine horns cow
43 Médée Medea IÁSŌN,
AÍSŌN,
44 Omphale Omphale (a mistress of Heracles)
45 La corne d'Amalthée The horn of Amalthea
46 histoire de Hyacinthos The story of Hyacinth
47 L'histoire de Marsyas The story of the Marsyas
48 Phaon Phaon

60 Architect for the creations such as the wooden cow for Pasiphaë and the palace for MINOS
61 Glaucus Potnieus (Glaucus at Potniae),[2]
62 Phorcys was depicted as a fish-tailed merman with crab-claw legs and red, spiky skin.
63 It was declared by her father that she would marry the first man to yoke a lion and a boar (or a bear in some cases) to
a chariot.
49 L'histoire de Ladon The story of Ladon monster
50 Héra (Juno) Hera/Juno): ox-eyed Queen of Heaven cow
51 Orion Orion (Urion) (O)URION
URINE
BISON
52 Phaéton Phaeton driving the chariot of the sun horses

Table : Overview of the titles in On Incredible Tales (Palaiphatos)

Source: Les histoires incroyables (présentation par Palaiphatos) - Traduction Ugo Bratelli