Once Upon A Day The Word DINGIR (DIMER) Arose

Once upon a day the word
DINGIR (DIMER) arose...

Joannes Richter
Fig. 1: Dingir (Sumerian sky-god) – in the emesal dialect

pronounced as DIMER (Public Domain)
Abstract
This essay is written as a chapter in Communications Theory for students in communications and is
understood as bad as Tohu wa-bohu or Tohu va-Vohu (‫ תה הו ובבה הו‬ṯōhū wā-ḇōhū) by linguists. If you
studied linguistics you may as well throw this paper in the paper basket. This paper uses 5 channels
and 5 categories. This cannot be mixed with etymology, which is refers to a word or morpheme
(e.g., stem[6] or root[7]) from which a later word or morpheme derives. This way one will never
know how the first morpheme arose. A word “DIMER” symbolizes the 5 communication channels.
In retrospect I am aware of a global turbulence in economy and stability. Probably this moment is a
final phase in stability, in which I have a chance to close my books and concentrate as many details
in overviews.
Probably this manuscript is interpreted as clumsy garbage, but quite nice compared to the papers,
which - composed as Nobel-prized theories or copied PhD theses... - are interpreted as the
“academical “masterpiece”-Dissertation for the modern politicians (or other 'doctors')”.
This essay is concentrated on the observations of the 5 communication channels in the standard
alphabets, which may be concentrated in the most important words of the PIE- (Indo-European),
Hebrew and probably a few other languages. These 5-letter words are named pentagrams.
The paper is based on a large database of detailed documents in the episodes from 1989-2023. From
2023 I reduced my public database to a few papers in Scribd.
The most efficient tools to understand the pentagrams are the 2-dimensional tables of the alphabets.
The earliest trace of a genuine pentagram is Dingir (Sumerian sky-god) – in emesal pronounced as:
DIMER and the latest pentagram is LOUIS. Another Sumerian god is GESTÚ (as Enki, the god of
knowledge). The theonyms DIMER and GESTÚ are inserted as the 285th and 286th pentagram in the
database at appendix 2, titled: “The (incomplete) Overview of the (~289) Pentagrams”.
Introduction
There once was a time, when I did not understand how the word „Diaus“ had been composed. There
were people how claimed they knew the word for the sky deity refers to the daylight and it had been
derived from the daylight1.
Deriving a sky god's name from “the daylight, what had been created by the daylight” did not
satisfy my logic. There should be a number of fundamentals, for which the words or letters had to
be created from nothing. I imagined the name „Diaus“ had to be composed from uttering a Word
from a standardized mechanism in the human voice.
I investigated the human voice and the design of the places of articulation. I inspected the Sefer
Yetzirah, the Book of Formation, or Book of Creation, although some early commentators, such as
the Kuzari[1], treated it as a treatise on mathematical and linguistic theory as opposed to Kabbalah.
Ternary encoding
As a student of communication engineering I noticed the number of letters in the alphabet had not
be optimized to the law. The author Subhash Kak compares the binary and ternary coding and
explained why the ternary code is superior in the comparison to the binary code.
Mathematically, ternary coding is more efficient than binary coding. It is little used in
computation because technology for binary processing is already established and the
implementation of ternary coding is more complicated, but remains relevant in
algorithms that use decision trees and in communications 2.
The human voice is one of these complex, but most efficient implementation of ternary coding.
The places of articulation

In the human voice the Latin alphabet however used a 22 bit, 24 bit or 26 bit coding. According to a
communication theory the coding of the words with a 22-26 level alphabet looked to be designed
with an ugly sub-optimized and “catastrophic” coding system.
There had to be a misunderstood mechanism, which is hidden in the background. From the Sefer
Yetzirah I learned the human voice had to be interpreted as an optimized 5-channel instrument, each
of which channel had been equipped with a 3 bit code or “ternary code”. In fact the theoretical
optimum for the levels in communication channels requires e = 2.7 levels for each channel. This
value is named Euler's number, e ≈ 2.71828, the base of the natural logarithm.
Ternary is the integer base with the lowest radix economy, followed closely by binary
and quaternary. This is due to its proximity to the mathematical constant e. It has been
used for some computing systems because of this efficiency. It is also used to represent
three-option trees, such as phone menu systems, which allow a simple path to any
branch. 3
The 5 channels are the places of articulation, named the tongue, the lips, the teeth, the palatal and
the vowel space (gutter).
In On the Nature of the Gods Cicero also specifies the categories, although he uses different
categories for the speech sounds4.
1 The noun dyaús (when used without the pitṛṛ 'father') refers to the daylight sky (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyaus).
2 On Ternary Coding and Three-Valued Logic (from the author Subhash Kak )
3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_numeral_system
4 Notes to Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations, On the Nature of the Gods, On the Commonwealth
In fact the human voice is a communication system with 5 independent channels, represented by
the 18 (active and passive) places of articulation. 1. Exo-labial, 2. Endo-labial, 3. Dental, 4.
Alveolar, 5. Post-alveolar, 6. Pre-palatal, 7. Palatal, 8. Velar, 9. Uvular, 10. Pharyngeal, 11. Glottal,
12. Epiglottal, 13. Radical, 14. Postero-dorsal, 15. Antero-dorsal, 16. Laminal, 17. Apical, 18. Sub-
apical.
Not all places of articulation are independent. The tongue may be activated for each speech sounds
and may always be involved in speaking. Other places of articulation may be distributed in two or
three locations, such as 1. Exo-labial, and 2. Endo-labial, or 6. Pre-palatal, 7. Palatal, and 11.
Glottal, 12. Epiglottal.
Each communication channel is controlled by electric impulses to various muscles, which are
activated to generate the speech sounds or phones. The controlling is quite sophisticated and is to be
learned in our early phases of the human childhood.
The Sanskrit alphabet

There might be more than 5 places of articulation. Some languages such as the Old Persian
cuneiform alphabet, also include glottal, nasal, sibilants and semivowels.
The Sanskrit alphabet was sorted according to the points of articulation (lingual, palatal, guttural,
labial, dental), but the 14 vowels (A, Ā, I, Ī, U, Ū, Ṛ, Ṝ, Ḷ, Ḹ, E, AI, O, AU) were more abundant
than the Latin A-E-I-O-U set, and are distributed over all 5 categories (and points of articulation).5
The 14 vowels are identified in the second column:
Fig. 2 The Sanskrit alphabet

(Source: Practical grammar of the Sanskrit language (1864.), by Monier Williams, M.A.)
The Sanskrit language seem to restrict the vowels and consonants in gutturals, palatals, cerebrals,
dentals and labials.
Cerebrals (“near or from the brain”) are equivalent to (“Of pronunciation in which the tip of
the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or
touches the palate”.
The specified vowels (A for gutturals, I for palatals, U for labials) are okay, but some (N and L) of
the dentals and others (R, Sh) in the cerebrals seemed to be have exchanged their categories. Also
some gutturals (ka, gh) may have missed their correct categories.
5 The Architecture and History of the Eurasian Alphabets

The Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
Similar errors seemed to be found in the categories of the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet. The
palatals, labials and gutturals seemed to be equivalent of the Sanskrit categories.
The Alveolar symbols seemed to be linguals. The dentals were restricted to the R and S. Alveolar
consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is
called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the upper teeth6.
The categorization in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet defines the triads 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and
additionally 2 nasals N & M , the L and a glottal H:
Triad 1 Triad 2 Triad 3 Triad 4 Triad 5 Triad 6 Triad 7

Velar Semi-
Vowels Palatal Alveolar Labial Nasal Sibilant
Guttural vowels L Glottal
(Ā), Ī, Ū C, Ç, J T, Θ, D P, F, B N&M S, Z, Ś
K, X, G Y, V, R
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
k- x- g- c- ç- j- t- θ- d- p- f- b- n- m- y- v- r- l- s- z- š- h-
K X G C Ç J T Θ D P F B N M Y V R L S Z Š H
X C Ç Θ P F B Y L S Z Š H
K- G- J- T- D- N- M- V- R-
-(A) K G J T D N M V R
-Ī — — Ji Ti Di Ni Mi Vi Ri
-Ū Ku Gu — Tu Du Nu Mu — Ru
Table 1 The categorization in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
Source: A Pedigree for Alphabets (Scribd)
The categorization Velar (gutturals) and Alveolar (linguals) in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
may be reordered to standardize the categorizations. The 3-bits encoded triads in the Old Persian
cuneiform alphabet are quite close to the optimized communication channels.
The Old-Persian alphabet illustrates the optimal structure of a number ternary codes for the
gutturals, palatals, Alveolars and labials. The dentals seemed to be restricted to R and S.
# Letters 22 Hebrew letters 25 Oud-Persian letters 28–47 Sanskrit letters
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Linguals D4 Th9 L12 N14 T22 T Θ D N L Z T D N L S
2 palatals G3 I10 Ch11 K19 I C Ç J Y Ś I Ī C J Ñ Y Š
3 gutturals Æ1 Ε5 H8 Gh16 A K X G H A Ā K G Ṅ H
4 labials B2 V6 M13 Ph17 U P F B M V U Ū P B Ṃ V
5 dentals Z7 S15 Ts18 R20 S21 R S Ṭ Ḍ Ṇ R Ṣ
Table 2 2-Dimensional tables for the Hebrew, Old-Persian and Sanskrit alphabets
This overview of the categorizations may be acceptable as a reordering procedure. After all the
reordering is to be understood as a redefinition of the name-givings. The human places of
articulation are the same for Sanskrit, Old-Persian and the European languages.
6 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_consonant
The Sefer Yetzirah
The superior role of the tongue is identified in the Sefer Yetzirah:
The twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet are classified both with reference to the
position of the vocal organs in producing the sounds, and with regard to sonant
intensity. In contrast to the Jewish grammarians, who assumed a special mode of
articulation for each of the five groups of sounds, the Sefer Yetzirah says that no sound
can be produced without the tongue, to which the other organs of speech merely lend
assistance7.
The definition of Rabbi Saadia Gaon (882/892 – 942) reduced the Sefer Yetzirah's categories to 5
basic elements, which in this paper are colored as follows: lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental):
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter
4, paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the
Hebrew alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph
( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the
tongue with the opening of the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial
sounds] made by the release of the lips and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬,
yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by the width of the tongue [against the
palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬, ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau
(‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with the [emission of]
sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental sounds]
produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.8”
7 Sefer Yetzirah
8 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology (quoted in The Composition of the Sky-God's Name in PIE-Languages)
New words may be created as metaphors or pentagrams
It is well known how languages gradually or even quickly deteriorate. The words are abbreviated
and loose their extensions. In the course of time even the sky-gods, their consorts and the royals are
loosing their trailers and initial letters or even the vowels in their sacred cores. Only the dead
languages as Latin and the cuneiform texts are stabilized in their baked form. This is what is
documented in Guy Deutscher's book The Unfolding of Language: an evolutionary tour of
mankind's greatest invention.
New words for abstract topics arise as metaphors, which is illustrated as “rival” - from Latin rivalis
"a rival" originally, "of the same brook". The word “ RIVAL”, which is a pentagram and a metaphor.
Another sample may be “mother”. A suitable etymology is found in mother | Etymology, origin and
meaning of mother by etymonline, which is based on baby-talk “ma”:
from PIE *mater- "mother" (source also of Latin māter, Old Irish mathir, Lithuanian
motė, Sanskrit matar-, Greek mētēr, Old Church Slavonic mati), "[b]ased ultimately on
the baby-talk form *mā- (2); with the kinship term suffix *-ter-" [Watkins].
Several alternatives are the pentagrams: Old Norse MÓÐIR, Old Irish MAThIR.
A similar etymology is found in father (n.), which is based on baby-talk “pa” :
from PIE *pəter- "father", presumably from baby-speak sound "pa." The ending
formerly was regarded as an agent-noun affix.
Several alternatives are the pentagrams: Old Norse Faðir, FAÐIR, (source also of Sanskrit PITAR,
Old Persian PITA, Old Irish (P)AThIR "father"), Latin (in Jupiter) PITER.
Do we accept “baby-talk” as the roots for such important words for our ancestors? A pentagram
would be a more professional approach!
Let me see what is the official etymology of the French word “Dieu” for “God”, which is found in
adieu (interj.): (from root *dyeu- "to shine"):
late 14c., adewe, from Old French a Dieu, a Deu, shortened from phrases such as a dieu
(vous) commant "I commend (you) to God," from a "to" (see ad-) + dieu "God," from
Latin deum, accusative of deus "god" (from PIE *deiwos "god" (from root *dyeu- "to
shine").
The etymologists claim a root “to shine” for a Creator God, who existed before He created the
world and had to “create” the light in the Creation.
Again the alternatives are the pentagrams: DIAUS, DIEUS, DIOUS. These words are universal and
do not depend on the various roots for the hypothetical source “to shine”.
*dyeu- is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit
deva "god" (literally "shining one"); diva "by day;" Avestan dava- "spirit, demon;"
Greek delos "clear;" Latin dies "day," deus "god;" Welsh DIW, Breton deiz "day;"
Armenian TIW "day;" Lithuanian dievas "god," diena "day;" Old Church Slavonic dini,
Polish dzień, Russian den "day;" Old Norse TIVAR "gods;" Old English Tig, genitive
TIWES, name of a god9.
By the way: the words Welsh DIW "day;", Armenian TIW "day;" Old Norse TIVAR "gods;" and
TIWES, name of a god, may also correlate to or be derived from the word for the virtue ΘΈΜΙΣ (the
Greek word for Zeus' consort ThΈΜΙS “justice”).
9 Source: *dyeu-
The 2-dimensional tables
The 2-dimensional table of the Hebrew alphabet

The Hebrew alphabet may be ordered in the following 2-dimensional table by inserting the letters in
their standardized sequence and sequenced from the bottom in their correct columns. In this 2-
dimensional table the divine Name may be identified in the second row:
row lingual palatal guttural labial dental
5 Taw T22 Shin S21
4 Nun N14 Qoph K19 Ayin Gh16 Pe Ph17 Resh R20
3 Lamedh L12 Kaph Ch11 Heth H8 Mem M13 Tsade Ts18
2 Teth T9 Yodh I10 He Ε5 Waw V6 Samekh S15
1 Dalet D4 Gimel G3 Aleph Æ1 Bet B2 Zayin Z7
Table 3 The display of the theonyms I10-Ε5-V6 and T9-I10-Ε5-V6-S15 in the Hebrew alphabet
Compared to the relatively unstable Greek and Latin alphabets the 22-letter Hebrew alphabet may
be interpreted as a most stable structure. Although the Hebrew language is not a PIE-language the
reconstruction of the 2-dimensional tables from the Ugaritic master copy may be applied on the
Hebrew as well as on any other PIE-alphabet. The Hebrew alphabet may be used to reconstruct the
missing letters ‫( ט‬Th9), ‫( ס‬S15) and ‫( צ‬Ts18).
The 2-dimensional table of the Greek alphabet

The 2-dimensional table of the Greek alphabet is based on the Ugaritic alphabet, which contains a
few letters, which are skipped in the transfer to the Greek alphabet.
The locations for the skipped letters (s15 and the letter Ts18) had to be restored in the 2-dimensional
table of the Greek alphabet (to display the original theonyms in one row):
Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Transcription
of the Ugaritic 30 ʾa b g ḫ d h w z ḥ ṭ y k š l mḏ n ẓ s ʿ p ṣ q r s ġ t ʾi ʾu s2
alphabet
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Hebrew 22
‫ג ב א‬ ‫כ י טח ז ו הד‬ ‫מל‬ ‫נ‬ ‫שרק צ פ ע ס‬ ‫ת‬
Old-Greek 21 A B Γ Δ Ε Υ Ζ ΗΘ Ι Κ ΛΜ Ν ΟΠ s q Ρ Σ Τ
Classic
21 A B Γ Δ Ε Ζ ΗΘ Ι Κ ΛΜ Ν ΟΠ Ρ Σ Τ YXΩ
Greek
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21-26
C Ϝ I V,U,W,
Latin 26 A B DE Z H Þ K LM N O P s QR S T
G V J X,Y,Z
Table 4 Ugaritic abecedaria (1) of the "Northern Semitic order" (27-30 letters)
(categorized according to the comments of Rabbi Saadia Gaon)
The Old-Greek alphabet skipped the Hebrew letter-symbols ‫( ס‬S15) and ‫( צ‬Ts18). These skipped
letters should be inherited and inserted in the 2-dimensional table to display the theonyms.
row linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals #

5 Τ22 Σ21 2
4 Ν14 Q19 Ο16 Π17 Ρ20 5
3 Λ12 Κ11 Η8 Μ13 (Ts18) 5
2 Θ9 Ι10 Ε5 Υ6 (s15) 4
1 Δ4 Γ3 Α1 Β2 Ζ7 5
# 5 4 4 4 4 21
Table 5 The display of the Greek theonym (ΘΙΕΥs)
in one of the Old-Greek alphabets (in 21 Greek capital letters)
The 2-dimensional table of the Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet skipped the Hebrew letter-symbols ‫( ט‬Th9), ‫( ס‬S15) and ‫( צ‬Ts18). These skipped
letters should be inherited and inserted in the 2-dimensional table to display the theonyms.
row linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals #

5 Τ22 X Y V,U,W S21 7
4 Ν14 Q19 Ο16 P17 R20 5
3 L12 Κ11 Η8 Μ13 (Ts18) 4
2 (Th9) Ι, J10 Ε5 F6 (V) (S15) 4
1 D4 C,G3 Α1 Β2 Ζ7 6
# 4 7 5 7 3 26
Table 6 The display of the Latin theonym (ThΙΕΥs)
in the Latin alphabets (in 26 Latin capital letters)
This reduction to 5 categories turned out to limit the divine name to 5-letter words, such as DIAUS.
The name DIAUS is not defined by the daylight, but by the 5 categorized places of articulation
lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental.
In this essay I define the categorization of the Latin alphabet as follows: 4 linguals: D, (Þ), L, N, T,
7 palatals: C, G, I, en J, K, Q, X, 7 labials: B, ϝ - V, M, P, U, W, 5 gutturals: A, Ε, H, O, Y and the 3
dentals: Z, R S.
The 5-letter words which represent all 5 categories (lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental) may be
named pentagrams or 5-colors words. One example is the PIE-sky-god DΙΕUS.
The elder Futhark signary
In analogy the Elder Futhark signary may be transformed into a 2-dimensional table10.
Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Elder ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ᚷ ᚹ ᚺ ᚾ ᛁ ᛃ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ ᛏ ᛒ ᛖ ᛗ ᛚ ᛜ ᛟ ᛞ
Futhark F U Þ A R K G W HN I J Æ P Z S T B E M L Ŋ O D
ætts "Freyr's ætt" "Hagal's ætt" Tyr's ('Mars') ætt
Table 7 The categorization and sequence of the Elder Futhark signary (24 symbols)
The runic alphabet may be transformed to the following 2-dimensional table with the standard 5
categories. This transformation displays the theonyms TĪW and TĪWÆS in the 3rd row:
row lingual palatal labial guttural dental

6 D M
5 Ŋ (Ng) B O
4 L J P E
3 T I [W] Ï of Æ S
2 N G U H Z
1 Þ K [F] A R
Table 8 2-Dimensional table of the runic alphabet on the Kylver Stone
(on the third row the alphabet displays the theonyms TĪW en TĪWÆS)
If the letter Y may be interpreted as a palatal I, the initial letters FYThAR of the Elder Futhark may
be identified as a pentagram, which introduced as to Futhark-alphabet.
If we may interpret F as a labial W, the pentagram FYThAR may contain the same letters (T, I, W,
A, R), which may be found in the divine names of the sky-gods and the “inventors” or “importers”
TIW and WIT :
1. [TIW] : the divine name *TĪWAZ, including the TIWAS and TIÆWS, was the Germanic
sky-god, abbreviated TIW. Tiw is also the god of justice. TEIWAZ (respectively TIWAZ) is
the first rune (ᛏ) of the third Aett. The rune (ᛏ) represents the god Týr.
2. [WIT] : the divine names WITAN of GIWOD, resp. the name (G)WODIN (the name of the
inventor of the runes and the Germanic patron of the wisdom) with an Friesian abbreviation
*WĒDA.
Similar pentagram patterns ***** may be identified in some of the words for parents VADER &
MŒDER, which in archaic languages and old spellings contain pentagrams as: VIDAR, VADIR,
PITAR, respectively MŒDIR). Maybe the runic alphabet started with the keyword “father” (spelled
like → FYThAR).
10 Understand your Alphabet

The Ogham signary11
The Ogham signary displays the name of the sky-god TIΕU at the forth row of the 2-dimensional
table of the signary12.
The incomplete pentagram “TIEU” of the Gaulish language may have been imported as the
sky-god “DII ĒU” to the French language. Therefore the name “TIEU” and the Gaulish
alphabet may be inherited from the Gaulish territory.
Geoffroy Tory (1480-1533) describes the inventor of the Ogham alphabet as a Gaulish Hercules13.
In this case the Ogham alphabet might be dated around the year 51 B.C.
Another importer may be the bishop Palladius, the first bishop of the Christians in Ireland,
preceding Saint Patrick. Palladius was a deacon and member of one of the prominent families in
Gaul. Pope Celestine I consecrated him a bishop and sent him in AD 431 to Ireland "to the Scotti
believing in Christ"14. The second origin of the Ogham may be dated around AD 431.
The motivation of the druids may be identified in their own god (“TIEU” ?).
Also the Gauls knew the Roman sky-god Jupiter, which had been derived from the original “father”
god (DJOUS PITER), which matches “DII ĒU”, but had been deteriorated to “II U”.
The druid, who personified the Gaulish Hercules, guessed the name “II U” would not be accepted as
a sky-god. Probably the Ogham alphabet had to display the French “TIEU” in their new alphabet,
which had to be interpreted as a “bundle of furrows”:
Orders Aicme Beithe Aicme hÚatha Aicme Muine Aicme Ailme

Goidelic B L N F/V S H D T C Q M G Ng SS R A O U Ε I
Scots B L V S N H D T K KH M G Ng ST R A O U Ε I
Medieval B L F S V H D T K Q M G Ng DD R A O U Ε I
Standard B L F S N H D T C Q M G Ng Z R A O U Ε I
Table 9 3 chronological orders (Source: Proto-Ogham (2008) and the “standard order”.
lingual palatal guttural labial dental
5 Ng
4 T I Ε U
3 D G O M R
2 N Q A F Z
1 L C H B S
Table 10 Display of the theonym TIΕU in the Ogham alphabet (for the standard order)
11 (source:) Understand your Alphabet - The Introduction of a Number of Eurasian Alphabets

12 The Arrays (and the Presumed Theonym TIEU) of the Ogham Signary
13 Champfleury (1529), Geoffroy Tory.
14 Palladius
The four cardinal virtues in Hellas
In fact the Cardinal virtues had been defined as pentagrams.
The cardinal virtues are four virtues of mind and character in both classical philosophy
and Christian theology. They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They
form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge);[1]
virtues are so called because they are regarded as the basic virtues required for a
virtuous life. 15
1. The first and most relevant virtue is prudence (wisdom16). I noticed the Greek goddess of
wisdom is Metis, who had been defined as the first spouse (or consort) of Zeus. In fact Zeus
grew up as a child under the cover of Metis (ΜΗΗΤΙΣ).
2. The second important virtue is justice. I noticed the Greek goddess of justice is Themis
(ΘΈΜΙΣ) who is registered as the second spouse (or consort) of Zeus. Both goddesses are
listed as the first two spouse of the Hellenic sky-god Zeus17.
The prudence derives from the Latin prudentia meaning "foresight, sagacity". It is often associated
with wisdom, insight, and knowledge.
These principles derive initially from Plato in Republic Book IV, 426–435.[a] Aristotle expounded
them systematically in the Nicomachean Ethics.
The two cardinal virtues in Germanic legends

We may compose both mirrored antipodal virtues in an overview table with four cardinal virtues
and insert the isolated fifth virtue prudence as the virtue for Zeus, respectively in the Germanic
pantheon Donar, Thor of Thur18. The sky-god (Zeus, Jupiter, Donar) is supposed to be the most
prominent god. A suitable virtue for the sky-god is prudence.
Metis (wisdom) and Themis (justice) are the first, respectively second consort of Zeus. According to
Hesiod Zeus managed to have married seven wives 19. Metis had to be “swallowed” by Zeus. At this
stage the antipodal couple METIS ↔ ThEMIS had to be transferred as the antipodal couple “WIT”
↔ “TIW” by the Greek philosophers to the Germanic royals. In the course of time both the Greeks
and Germanic peoples must have lost their concepts of the virtues and their religion. The only traces
they left is a few names, which deteriorated the pentagrams' shapes and lost their symbolism to new
religions.
The fourth virtue Mythos (μῦθος, ΜΥΗΘ, the religion) and the fifth virtue Thymos (θυμός, ΘΥΜ, the
passion (emotion), fortitude, or courage and rage,
Woden's WUT) formed a secondary antipodal couple ΜΥΗΘ ↔ ΘΥΜ, which is mirroring in both
forms ΜΗΗΤ ↔ ΘΈΜ and WIT ↔ TIW.
Wotan (Odin) may be responsible for three virtues: the (2) wisdom („ WIT“, „Wytan“), (4) religion
(„MYThen“) and (5) Passion („ MUT“ & „WUT“).
In the Greek system Metis may have been responsible for the virtue Mythos whereas Themis shares
her responsibly with the virtue Thymos.
15 Cardinal virtues
16 Prudence was considered by the ancient Greeks and later on by Christian philosophers, most notably Thomas
Aquinas, as the cause, measure and form of all virtues. It is considered to be the auriga virtutum or the charioteer of
the virtues.
17 The Pentagrams in Hesiod's Theogony
18 Een archaïsch ontwerp in de Griekse en Germaanse mythologien
19 De pentagrammen in de Theogonia van Hesiodus
The following overview suggests the sky-god is the most prominent god, followed by the first
spouse Metis and the second spouse Themis.
In the Germanic mythology these gods for wisdom and justice were defined as Wotan (Witan?, god
for the wisdom), respectively Tiwaz (god of the justice and the “Thing”).
Greek Core Pentagra Germanic God Description Personification in the

word m equivalent archaic Greek
mythology
1 Z(i)eus IEU ZIEUS Tieuws God The sky-god prudence
Thur / Donar Donar
2 Metis Μῆτ ΜΗΗΤΙΣ WIT(ES) Wotan nymph Prudence (wisdom)

Μῆτις ΜΗΗΤ (Wodan) 1st consort of Zeus (In English: “to wit”)
4 Mythos Μῦθ ΜΥΗΘΟΣ MYTh(OS) Wotan Religieuze mythen piety
μῦθος ΜΥΗΘ (TYW or (~λόγος (logos))
Tiw)
3 Themis Θέμ ΘΈΜΙΣ TIW(AS) Tiwaz Titanic child, justice (law, customs)
Θέμις ΘΈΜ (Tiw) 2nd consort of Zeus
5 Thymos Θυμ ΘΥΜΌΣ WYT(an) Wotan Courage, rage "passion", (cou-)rage
θυμός ΘΥΜ WUT
(Woden)
Table 11 The five cardinal virtues as mirrored structures in the Greek and Germanic languages
Usually the Latin and Indian sky-god had been honored by an extra pentagram, which decorated the
first name with a pentagram “PITER” as the word for “father”. The most important samples are: (in
Greek) *DII ĒUS PH2TĒR, (in Latin) *DJOUS PITER and (in Sanskrit) DIAUS PITAR.
The pentagrams
Overview of the pentagrams in 3 languages

The details for the pentagrams of the Greek and Latin pentagrams are documented on the
appendices 1 and 2. Latin, Greek and Germanic languages share an entries for the sky-god, the
father & mother, wisdom, justice and confidence or hope.
In Greek mythology the List of goddesses describes the related goddesses METIS (mind, wisdom),
ThEMIS (justice) and SPhÍDĒ (confidence, trust) to the sky-god DII ĒUS. These are the important
names which are identified as pentagrams. The extended List of Greek goddesses (which in Greek
mythology contains 615 names) may contain more pentagrams such as ELPIS (hope), KOTUS,
(war, slaughter) and LII MOS (starvation).
The pantheon of Roman deities JANUS (the god of the beginning and the end), *DJOUS PITER
(the sky-god), VENUS (Godess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity and victory),
FIDĒS (trust, faithfulness), DIVES, (rich man) and (abbreviated) DIS (the underworld god). In the
Roman mythology (348 names) we man find the following extra pentagrams: LIBER and LIBERA
(wine and freedom) and MOTHER (such as Mater Larum).
English Greek Latin Germanic

1 God of beginning - - Janus JANUS
& end
2 the sky-god Zeus *DII ĒUS Ju- *DJOUS Tiwaz *TĪWAZ
(Father) Father) PH2TĒR, piter PITER Teiws *TEIWS
3 Father πατήρ (patḗr) PH2TĒR, pater PITER father FAThER
PATĒR PATER FAÐIR
4 Mother μήτηρ MḖTĒR mater MATER mother MOThER
(mḗtēr) MÓÐIR
5 mind, wisdom Metis METIS Minerva MINERVA Wotan (W)ODIN
(to WITAN
Wit ?)
6 justice Themis ThEMIS iūs IŪS *Tiwaz TIWAZ
7 scales Libra LIBRA
8 wine and freedom Liber LIBER frank FRANK
9 confidence, πίστις PÍSTIS, Fides FIDĒS
faith, trust σφίδη SPhÍDĒ
10 hope Elpis ELPIS
11 Godess for love, Venus VENUS
fertility, prosperity
and victory
12 war, slaughter Kotys KOTUS
13 starvation Limos LII MOS
14 the underworld god Dīs Pater DIS
15 rich, wealthy dīves DĪVES
16 Mater Larum Mater Larum MATER
Table 12 Pentagrams in Greek, Latin and Germanic languages

The history of the pentagrams
The first definition of a sky-god is DIAUS PITAR. However there are predecessors such as the
Sumerian DINgIR (pronounced: DIMER) and the Etruscan TINIA.
The earliest documented sky-god DINgIR

The earliest documented sky-god may be the Sumerian DINgIR (pronounced as a pentagram:
DIMER). The Sumerian pronunciation: [TIŊIɾ] may be inspiring for the Etruscan TINIA.
Fig. 3: Dingir (Sumerian sky-god) – pronounced as DIMER

(Public Domain)
Dingir (?, usually transliterated DIĜIR,[1] Sumerian pronunciation: [tiŋiɾ]) is a Sumerian

word for "god" or "goddess". Its cuneiform sign is conventionally transliterated as a
superscript "d" as in e.g. dInanna.
The cuneiform sign by itself was originally an ideogram for the Sumerian word an
("sky" or "heaven");[2] its use was then extended to a logogram for the word diĝir
("god" or "goddess")[3] and the supreme deity of the Sumerian pantheon An, and a
phonogram for the syllable /an/. 20
The four strokes in the Dingir symbol

The initial form of the Dingir symbol was a 4-stroke star, which is vertically and horizontally
symmetric. The most impressive pronunciation is DIMER, which is the pronunciation in the
emesal21 dialect:
The Sumerian sign DIĜIR originated as a star-shaped ideogram indicating a god in
general, or the Sumerian god An, the supreme father of the gods. Dingir also meant sky
or heaven in contrast with ki which meant earth. Its emesal22 pronunciation was DIMER.
(The use of m instead of ĝ [ŋ] was a typical phonological feature in emesal dialect.)
20 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingir
21 The standard variety of Sumerian was Emegir (?￰ﾒﾂﾠeme-gir₁₅). A notable variety or sociolect was Emesal (?￰ﾒﾊﾩ
eme-sal), possibly to be interpreted as "fine tongue" or "high-pitched voice" (Rubio 2007, p. 1369).
Emesal is used exclusively by female characters in some literary texts (that may be
compared to the female languages or language varieties that exist or have existed in
some cultures, such as among the Chukchis23 and the Garifuna24). In addition, it is
dominant in certain genres of cult songs such as the hymns sung by Gala25 priests.[10]
The special features of Emesal are mostly phonological (for example, m is often used
instead of gg [i.e. [ŋ]], as in me instead of standard gge26 for "I"), but words different from
the standard language are also used (ga-ša-an rather than standard nin, "lady").[11] 26
The plural of diĝir can be diĝir-diĝir, among others. This is expressed as a dual concatenation of
two stars.
From the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age (20th century BC), the script evolved to
accommodate the various dialects of Akkadian: Old Akkadian, Babylonian and
Assyrian.[48] At this stage, the former pictograms were reduced to a high level of
abstraction, and were composed of only five basic wedge shapes: horizontal, vertical,
two diagonals and the Winkelhaken impressed vertically by the tip of the stylus.
The signs exemplary of these basic wedges are:

• AŠ (B001, U+12038) ?: horizontal;
• DIŠ (B748, U+12079) ?: vertical;
• GE23, DIŠ tenû (B575, U+12039) ?: downward diagonal;
• GE22 (B647, U+1203A) ?: upward diagonal;
• U (B661, U+1230B) ?: the Winkelhaken.
The vertical wedge DI(Š) may be compared to the first symbol in the linear-B word Zeus ( DI-WE,
DI-WO). Then we will need a Winkelhaken (U) to symbolize the labial. The word of a verical
wedge, the winkelhaken and a horizontal wedge may be interpreted as DI-U-AŠ.
Enki as gestú
Enki is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (gestú, GESTÚ), crafts (gašam), and
creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.
# P
Pentagram Information Definitions Language
1. D
DIMER P sky-god – in emesal pronounced as DIMER Dingir Sumerian
2. G
GESTÚ P Enki as the god of knowledge (gestú) knowledge Sumerian
Table 13 Sumerian gods as pentagrams
23 Chukchi also known as Chukot,[4] is a Chukotko–Kamchatkan language spoken by the Chukchi people in the
easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
24 Garifuna (Karif) is a minority language widely spoken in villages of Garifuna people in the western part of the
northern coast of Central America.
25 The Gala (Sumerian: ?￰ﾒﾆﾪ gala, Akkadian: kalû) were priests of the Sumerian goddess Inanna.
26 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_language#Dialects
The Greek deity Zeus
The pentagrams had been inherited to another stage in which the 5-letter words are frequenting the
table. According to the List of Mycenaean deities the theonyms for Zeus and his consorts has been
reconstructed as follows: In Linear-B the spelling DI-WE respectively DI-WO, matches the PIE-
core *DIEUS for the name ZEUS:
Zeus – the sky-god (Linear B:, DI-WE, DI-WO)[14][72][73]
For the goddess Diwia we may interpret a similar formula:

DIWIA – maybe a consort for Zeus, probably matching to a variant word Dione in a
later Greek linguistic variant (Linear B: DI-U-JA, DI-WI-JA)[2][14][16][29] 27
The names Zeus (DIEUS) an its consort DIWIA may have been pentagram concepts before the
introduction of the Greek alphabet.
The Inventor of the Old-Persian Alphabet

The inventor of the Old-Persian Old-Persian Alphabet is Darius I (c. 550 – 486 BCE) (DĀRYUŠ),
who apart from the 5 standard articulation-points (lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental) contains
an extra dental “R”-symbol in his name. In cuneiform the name is spelled D-Ā-Ra-Ya-Va-U-Š, in
which the sibilant Ś introduces a second palatal symbol:
Fig. 4 The inscription at the tomb is: D-Ā-Ra-Ya-Va-U-Š
The composition of the divine names Miθra and Mitra

The Old-Persian language used 5-letter words for divine names such as Miθra (MIΘRA) and Mitra
(MITRA)28.
The oldest known text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscriptions.[9] Old Persian is
one of the oldest Indo-European languages which are attested in original texts.[10]
The difficult passage DB (IV lines 88–92) from Darius the Great who speaks of a new "form of
writing" being made by himself which is said to be "in Aryan":
King Darius says: By the grace of Ahuramazda this is the inscription which I have
made. Besides, it was in Aryan ("ariyâ") script, and it was composed on clay tablets and
on parchment. Besides, a sculptured figure of myself I made29.
27 List of Mycenaean deities

28 Old Persian: Dictionary, Glossary and Concordance
29 — Behistun Inscription (IV lines 88–92)[21]- quoted in Script (in Old Persian)
Also, the analysis of certain Old Persian inscriptions are "supposed or claimed" to predate Darius
the Great. Although it is true that the oldest attested Old Persian inscriptions are from Behistun
monument from Darius, the creation of this "new type of writing" seems, according to Schmitt, "to
have begun already under Cyrus the Great".[9]
The literal meaning of the word Ahura is "lord", and that of Mazda is "wisdom". The divinity
exalted by Zoroaster as the one uncreated Creator, or God.
From the historical range of the deity DIMER to DIEUS
Probably the earliest sky-god Dingir started as a TIŊIɾ (or abbreviated in TIŊ [TIŊ]) and
pronounced as DIMER), in which the extension Iɾ had been inherited to the IA of the Etruscan deity
Tinia.
In the Sumerian language a few cities and river are defined as pentagrams (the cities:
ERIDU), ERBIL (Erbil), and maybe also NIFFER (Nibru). And the rivers (FIRAT, Ava
MEZIN, PISON, PASIN and/or KARUN).
In the Sumerian episode the standard words for water and for “father” are relatively simple:
• from ~3000 BCE: “a” (“water”, maybe sperm), → “aya” (father”) → Ayaya ("grandfather"),
• from ~3000 BCE: “ad” (“voice”, “cry”) → “adda” (father”) → Adadda ("grandfather")
• and from ~2500 BCE; “ab” (“sea”, “seawater” ?)→ “abba” (father”)→ Adadda ("grandfather")30.
Pentagrams
Date Source Language
Origin Deteriorated
3000 BCE Dingir (DIMER) DIŊIR Dingir (sky-god) Sumerian
ERIDU, ERBIL, emesal31 pronunciation (emesal
NIFFER, (FIRAT, dialect)
MEZIN, PISON,PASIN
& KARUN
1500 BCE DIAUS PITAR DIAUS Dyaúh pitá Sanskrit

PITAR
1500 BCE PITAR VADER pitá Sanskrit
1250 BCE SPANIA SPAIN Gibraltar's cliff, Punic
SPĪNA SPĪNE The pillars of Heracles
Table 14 The earliest documented the Sumerian sky-gods DINgIR (pronounced as DIMER)
From the Linear-B language the traces of Zeus (DI-WE,DI-WO) are found in European languages:
Date Pentagrams Source Language
1400 BC – 1200 BC DI-WE, DI-WO Zeus & Diwia Linear-B
900 BC–27 BC [1] TINIA Etruscan
715–673 BC SABIN SABIJN (?) Sabine Sabine
715–673 BC IANUS JANUS Janus -god of the Latin
beginning and end
715–673 BC *DJOUS PITER JU-PITER Jupiter Latin
1st temple: 509 BCE
550 – 486 BCE DĀRIUŠ I Darius the Great Persian
493 BCE LIBER PATER LIBER PATER ludi scaenici Latin
(religious dramas)
Table 15 The earliest documented European sky-god DI-WE
30 The Sumerian Pentagrams

From the Futhorc language the traces of *Tīwaz (TĪWAZ) are found as pentagrams in Germanic
languages:
Date Pentagrams Source Language
200 - 400 AD TIVAR, *TEIWS TIW, TÝR *Tīwaz Germanic
Futhorc signary Gothic
4th–10th centuries DII ĒUS DII ĒUX Ogham signary Ogham
AD 431 (?)
286 AD FRANC FRANC Origin of the Frankisch
FRANK FRANK Salian Franks
438 – 477 BESIN BESIN king Bisinus & Frankisch
BASIN(A) BASIN(A) Basina v. Thuringia
466 AD (Ch)LODOVECH (Ch)LOUIS Clovis I (c. 466–511) Frankish
718 AD CHURL ChARLES Carl Martel English
CAROLINGEN (Carolingian) Frankish
800 AD KAROLVS KAREL Karel de Grote Latin
814 AD LOUIS LOUIS Louis de Vrome, Latin
“the Emperor and king of the
….. …. pious” Franks ( 814-840 )
LOUIS XIX, …. → LOUIS XIX of
1830 AD king of France LOUIS XIX France and Navarra
king of
France
Table 16 Historical overview of the linguistic Germanic pentagrams from *Tīwaz (TĪWAZ)
The impact of the pentagrams range from the earliest Sumerian sky-god Dingir (3000 BCE,
DIMER) to the French king LOUIS XIX (dated 1830 AD).
The adaptations and corrections in the Interpretatio Romana
This chapter is based on the essay De kardinale, vijfvoudige deugdconcepten, in which the
Interpretatio Romana32 has to be completed with the deities Metis and Themis, who might be
matched to the antipodal structured names of the Germanic deities and virtues.
1. The Latin Iupiter, the Greek Zeus and their Germanic partner Donar are the sky-gods. The
Thursday is the day of the week for the sky-gods. The name Thursday and the French word
Jeudi shape the day for the sky-gods.
2. The Latin Mars and Greek Ares do not belong to the deities for justice (Themis). The name
Tuesday is the correct day for Iustitia (the Hellenic Themis and Germanic Tiw). Therefore
the name Mardi (Literally “the war's day”) is incorrect. In fact the “M” in the word Mars is a
mirrored “W” in the word “Wars”.
3. The Latin Minerva and Pallas Athena are the symbolic deities for the virtue “wisdom”,
which are represented by the Germanic Wodan and Hellenic Metis. The Wednesday and also
the French Mercredi are the day of the week for the virtue wisdom. The French name
Mercredi refers to the name of the god Mercurius and is incorrect. The derivation Minerdi
from Minerva (the Latin deity for wisdom) would be a suitable name for this day.
Latin Germanic Greek Old Greek Virtues Day of the week

French English
Iupiter Thor/Donar Zeus ZIEUS Z(i)eus prudence Jeudi Thursday
Mars Tiwaz Ares
ΘEMIS Themis justice Mardi Tuesday
Iustitia Tiwaz (TIW) Themis
Mercurius Wodan Hermes Wisdom
myths
METIS Metis Mercredi Wednesday
Minerva Wodan (WIT) Pallas Athena Courage
Rage
Venus Friia Aphrodite Vendredi Friday
Table 17 Adaptation and corrections in the Interpretatio Romana
32 In Wikipedia there is no English version of the table

Summary
This essay is written as a chapter in Communications Theory for students in communications and is
understood as bad as Tohu wa-bohu or Tohu va-Vohu (‫ תההו בובההו‬ṯōhū wā-ḇōhū) by linguists. If you
studied linguistics you may as well throw this paper in the paper basket. This paper uses 5 channels
and 5 categories. This cannot be mixed with etymology, which is refers to a word or morpheme
(e.g., stem[6] or root[7]) from which a later word or morpheme derives. This way one will never
know how the first morpheme arose. A word “DIMER” symbolizes the 5 communication channels.
In retrospect I am aware of a global turbulence in economy and stability. Probably this moment is a
final phase in stability, in which I have a chance to close my books and concentrate as many details
in overviews.
Probably this manuscript is interpreted as clumsy garbage, but quite nice compared to the papers,
which - composed as Nobel-prized theories or copied PhD theses - are interpreted as the
“academical “masterpiece”-Dissertation for the modern politicians or other doctors”.
This essay is concentrated on the observations of the 5 communication channels in the standard
alphabets, which may be concentrated in the most important words of the PIE- (Indo-European),
Hebrew and probably a few other languages. These 5-letter words are named pentagrams.
The paper is based on a large database of detailed documents in the episodes from 1989-2023. From
2023 I reduced my public database to a few papers in Scribd.
The most efficient tools to understand the pentagrams are the 2-dimensional tables of the alphabets.
The earliest trace of a genuine pentagram is Dingir (Sumerian sky-god) – in emesal pronounced as:
DIMER and the latest pentagram is LOUIS.
In retrospect I do not care if this theory is accepted or not. I learned to think for myself and not for
the median mainstream of the academic lobbies.
This study is a technical and logical investigation of the truth. The archaic genuine pentagrams had
been based on the 5 places of articulation, named the tongue, the palatal, the lips, the teeth and the
vowel space (gutter).
The 2-dimensional helps to reconstruct the original alphabetical concepts with the displays of the
theonyms (e.g.: DIAUS PITAR, TIVAR and DII ĒUX).
The Germanic mythology (and cardinal virtues) may be influenced by the Greek mythology (and
cardinal virtues) or vice versa. The most principal virtues are prudence and justice, which are shared
in the Greek and Germanic mythologies. Both pentagrams of the first couple of virtues (wisdom and
justice) are antipodal structures. These antipodes may be interpreted as evidence for these theses.
The Germanic days of the week Wednesday has been the Wisdom-day, which is devoted to Woden,
the god of the verb “to wit” and “wizard”. In Greek mythology is the related goddess METIS.
The week of the day Tuesday is devoted to “Justice”, whose Germanic god is TIW or *Tīwaz. In
Greek mythology is the related goddess THEMIS. These Greek goddesses were antipodes METIS
↔ ThEMIS as well as the Germanic gods WIT ↔ TIW. The Roman soldiers did not realize that
their “Interpretatio germanica” needed the following corrections for the Tuesday and Wednesday:
• Sunday, the day of Sunnǭ (Old Norse: Sunna, Sól; Old English: Sunne; Old High German:
Sunna), the sun (as female), was earlier the day of Sol, the sun (as male)
• Monday, the day of Mēnô (Máni; Mōna; Māno), the moon (as male), was earlier the day of
Luna, the moon (as female)
• Tuesday, the day of Tīwaz (Týr; Tīw; Ziu), was earlier the day of Mars, god of war was
earlier the day of the Greek deity Themis (ThEMIS, the justice and the Thing). The Thing
may have been spelled ÞIŊ (?). The day may have been ÞIŊs-day, in Dutch: Dinsdag.
• Wednesday, the day of Wōdanaz (Odin, Óðinn; Wōden; Wuotan), was earlier the day of
Mercury, god of travelers and eloquence was earlier the day of the Greek deity Metis
(METIS), respectively the Etruscan Menrva (MENRVA) and Latin (MINERVA). Menrva
was an Etruscan goddess of war, art, wisdom, and medicine. She contributed much of her
character to the Roman Minerva.
• Thursday, the day of Þūraz/Þunraz (Thor, Þórr; Þunor; Donar), The name is derived from
Old English þunresdæg and Middle English Thuresday (with loss of -n-, first in northern
dialects, from influence of Old Norse Þórsdagr) meaning "Thor's Day". It was named after
the Norse god of Thunder, Thor. It was earlier the day of Jupiter, god of thunder;
• Friday, the day of Frijjō (Frigg; Frīg; Frīja), was earlier the day of Venus, goddess of love.
QED
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
Ternary encoding.............................................................................................................................2
The places of articulation.................................................................................................................2
The Sanskrit alphabet.......................................................................................................................3
The Old Persian cuneiform alphabet...............................................................................................4
The Sefer Yetzirah............................................................................................................................5
New words may be created as metaphors or pentagrams.....................................................................6
The 2-dimensional tables......................................................................................................................7
The 2-dimensional table of the Hebrew alphabet............................................................................7
The 2-dimensional table of the Greek alphabet...............................................................................7
The 2-dimensional table of the Latin alphabet................................................................................8
The elder Futhark signary................................................................................................................9
The Ogham signary........................................................................................................................10
The four cardinal virtues in Hellas.....................................................................................................11
The two cardinal virtues in Germanic legends..............................................................................11
The pentagrams..................................................................................................................................13
Overview of the pentagrams in 3 languages..................................................................................13
The history of the pentagrams.......................................................................................................14
The composition of the divine names Miθra and Mitra.................................................................16
Summary.............................................................................................................................................21
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................24
Appendix 1 – (~330) Publications of J. Richter in Scribd ............................................................24
Appendix 2 - An (incomplete) Overview of the (~300) Pentagrams.............................................34
Appendix 3 - The Greek vocabulary for pentagrams.....................................................................47
Appendix 4 – The multiplied versions of the Lúkos pentagrams..................................................49
Appendices
Appendix 1 – (~330) Publications of J. Richter in Scribd

The publications (~330 titles) are sorted according to their storage date. This storage is my own
record of documentations.
January – December 2023 (12)
Project: The role of the pentagrams

1. A Standard Name-Giving for Abstract PIE-Objects
2. New Words may be Created as Metaphors or Pentagrams
3. The Design of Optimized Alphabets
4. Once upon a Day the Word DINGIR (DIMER) Arose
5. Over de historie van de taalkundige sleutelwoorden
6. De samenhang tussen de Soemirische en Nederlandse Pentagrammen
7. The Sumerian Pentagrams
8. The Etymology of the Personal Pronoun of the First Pronoun of the first Person
9. 'Wrath!' was the First Word - Hidden symbols, which we never unveiled
10. 'Toorn!" was het eerste woord - Verborgen symbolen, die ons allen zijn ontgaan
11. Die Etymologie des Personalpronomens 'Ic(h)'
12. 'Zorn!' war das erste Wort - Die Geheimschrift, die Wittgenstein und Foucault
übersehen haben
Project: The Paradises

1. The Pentagrams and the Translation of 'Herkos Odon...
2. Eine Erweiterung der Sprache durch 5-Farbenwörtern...
3. Eine Erweiterung der Sprache durch 5-Farbenwörtern...
4. Die Codierung der Präzession in der Odyssee
5. Encoding the Precession Period-Constants in the Odyssey
6. The Germanic, Roman and Greek Virtues are Honored in the Days of the Week
7. Why the Title of the First European Book may be 'Menis' ('Divine Wrath')
8. Het “Rosebud” effect
9. Notities bij het eerste woord... in 'Μῆνιν Ἄειδε Θεὰ...
10. Vanaf de stichting van de stad Thebe tot de afdanking van koning Louis XIX
11. The Categorization of the most prominent Pentagram...
12. The Gender of Cardinal Virtues
13. De kardinale, vijfvoudige deugdconcepten
14. Die horizontale und vertikale Spiegelungen in der Sprache
15. The Horizontal and Vertikal Mirrors in Languages
16. De horizontale en verticale spiegelingen in de taal -
17. Verstehe dein Alphabet - Der Ursprung einer Anzahl eurasischen Alphabete
18. Understand your Alphabet - The Introduction of a Number of Eurasian Alphabets
19. Begrijp uw alfabet - Over de oorsprong van een aantal Euraziatische alfabetten
20. De pentagrammen in de Theogonia van Hesiodus
21. The Pentagrams in Hesiod's Theogony
22. De rol van de drakentanden in de Griekse legenden
23. The Role of the Dragon's Teeth in the Archaic Greek Legends
24. De vijf sleutels tot de invoering van de Griekse taal
25. An Alternative History for the Alphabet
26. The Architecture and History of the Eurasian Alpha...
27. Rejections and Acceptance of Metaphysical Statement...
28. Notes to Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations, On the Nature of the Gods, On the Commonwealth
29. The Paradisaical Language
30. Over de etymologie van de woorden “vader” en “moeder"
31. Dagboekfragmenten - De woeste herfst
32. The Eurasian Songlines
33. Dagboekfragmenten 2022 (paradijzen)
34. Der Paradiesgarten an der Viersprung Donau, Ister,...
35. The Primary Pantheons of the Greek, Etruscan, Roma...
36. On the Distributions for the Spelling of the Words...
37. Een statistische analyse van de pentagrammen
38. Over de theorie en geschiedenis der deelalfabetten
39. The Completion of the 'Lingua Ignota'
40. Notes to Hildegard von Bingen's 'Lingua Ignota'
41. Overview of Jwr47's Public Contents of the ScribdB...
42. Overview of Jwr47's Public Contents of the Scribd/...
43. De rol van de waterbronnen bij de kerstening van N...
44. De paradijselijke koninkrijken
45. The Paradisiacal Civilisations
46. The (5) Paradises, their Cities and their Rivers
47. An Archaic Name-Giving Formula for the Rivers of Eden
48. Een archaïsche kern in een modern taalontwerp
49. An Archaic Core in a Modern Linguistic Concept
50. The Tree as a Hierarchical “Pentagram Model of the World
51. The Name-Giving of the European and Mid-East Waterways
52. De ontdekking van een tweede taalniveau
53. The Name-Giving of the European and Mid-East Waterways
54. Over de oorsprong van de Europese riviernamen
55. Over de speurtocht naar de pentagrammenreeksen
56. De vier waterwegen naar het paradijs
57. Categorized Overview of the Pentagrams
58. A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise
59. A new Etymology for the Pentagrams (PITAR & MATIR)
60. Een nieuwe etymologie voor de pentagrammen (PITAR en MATIR)
61. The Origin of some Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
62. Languages, which start as Baskets full of Metaphors
Project: The cardinal Virtues

1. De afleiding van de koningsnamen uit de deugden
2. How four Virtues anchored our Languages
3. Hoe de vier deugden de taal verankerden
4. Wie vier Tugenden die Sprache verankerten
5. Ein archaischer Entwurf in den griechischen und germanischen Mythologien
6. Een archaïsch ontwerp in de Griekse en Germaanse mythologien
7. An Archaic Structure in the Greek and Germanic Mythologies (12.1.2022)
8. Waarom onze voorouders zich Vadir en Madir noemden
9. Waarom de Dins-, Woens- en Donderdag heilig zijn
10. Why the Tues-, Wednes- and Thursday are Sacred Day...
11. Notes to Cicero's “The Nature of the Gods”
12. De (denkbare) lokalisatie van het Hunnenrijk
13. De twee levens van Karel de Grote

1. Over een etymologie van de dagen van de week
2. Cicero's Etymology for the Names of the Gods
3. Fundamentals in the Name-Giving for the Days of the Week
4. Een bewijs, dat de dagen van de week (Woensdag en Dinsdag) aan de deugden 'Wijsheid' en
'Justitie' gewijd zijn
5. Evidence for the Correlation Between the Virtues 'Wisdom' and 'Justice'
6. Socrates' Last Specifications of the Virtues
7. De relatie tussen de pentagrammen en de precessie van de equinoxen
8. A Reduced Formula for the Pentagrams
9. The Genetic Roots in the Indo-European Alphabets
10. A Restoration of the Triads in European Languages
11. Een restauratie van de triaden in de Europese talen
12. The Bison-Cult (or Why the Minotaur and Quinotaur may Symbolize a Bison)
13. De rol van de vijfletter woorden in de Indo-Europese filosofie
14. De representatie van de Griekse, Romeinse en Germaanse triades in de dagen van de week
15. Een terugblik op de geschiedenis der taalkunde
16. De Sleutels Van de Indo-Europese Religie
17. De ontcijfering van de name Minerva
18. Zoekmethoden en statistieken voor Jwr47's archief
19. Mijn gecorrigeerde levensloop (twee tegengestelde ...
20. Epiloog van een taalkundige (kabbalist)
21. The Antipodes in Archaic Linguistics
22. De antipoden in de archaïsche taalkunde
23. Samenvatting van De taalkunde
24. Languages With, Respectively Without an Ordered Alphabet
25. An Architecture for the Family of Alphabets
26. A Scenario and Reconstruction of the Linguistic Architecture
27. A Retrospect in my Analysis of Linguistics
28. Over de spelling en correcte uitspraak van de hemelgodennamen
29. The Common Sky-god's Names in the PIE-Languages
30. The Hittite Signary as the Origin of the PIE-Alpha...
31. The Origin of the Linear-B Signary
32. The Derivation and Composition of the PIE-Theonyms
33. The Lepontic Alphabet as a Source for the Runic Signaries
34. The Role of the Southern Semitic Order in the Ugaritic Signaries
35. De rol van de wijstwaterbronnen in Brabant
36. The Common YHV-Root in the Ugaritic Alphabets
37. De reconstructie van een Dictionary uit de wortelperiode
38. An Initial Phase for a Number of Indo-European Languages
39. De opbouwfase van een aantal Europese talen (10.8.2021)
40. The Architecture of the Words '(to) Free'
41. Over de rol van het alfabet in de elektronica en de terugziendheid
42. Het wandelende vergrootglas (ofwel “Het ontbrekende gebrek")
43. The most precious PIE-Pentagrams
44. De reconstructie van de Nederlandse pentagrammen
45. Woorden, die de roos treffen als gevederde pijlen
46. The Composition of the Words DYAUSH-PITAR and PṚTHVI-MATIR...
Project: The 2-dimensional Alphabets
47. An Architecture for 2-Dimensional Alphabets
48. The Search for the Fundamental Pentagrams
49. The Pentagrams in the Old- And Middle-Persian Languages
50. A Possible Historical Record for the Development of European Languages
51. Notes to the Origin of the Elder Futhark and Ogham Runes...
52. Historisch overzicht van de taalkundige pentagrammen
53. Pentagrams as a Protection against Linguistic Erosion
54. Unveiling the Architecture of the Alphabets and Runic Signaries
55. The Origin of the Futhark, Ogham and Gothic Runes
56. De oorsprong van de Futhark, Ogham en Gotische runen
57. The Pentagrams in Names Unveiled
58. A Linguistic Distribution of the Pentagrams
59. De rol van de pentagrammen in de namen der hemellichamen
60. Swap Mutations in the Pentagram List
61. The Role of the Pentagrams in the Globe's Architecture
62. The Pentagrams in the Kernel of the PIE-Dictionary
63. Gebeitelde woorden (24.4.2021)
64. The Reconstruction of a PIE-Language's Core
65. Een reconstructie van de Dutche woordenschat
66. The Secrets of the 2-Dimensional Alphabets
67. A Self-Repair System for Languages (9.4.2021)
68. Het MINOS Project
69. An Etymology for the Pentagrams
Project: Frankish Name-giving

70. The Purpose of Chilperic's Additional Letters (30.3.2021)
71. De etymologie van de woorden “Bazin” en „Baas“
72. Het alfabetische pentagram (Het verhaal van de taal)
73. A Theory of Hierarchical Alphabets
74. The Role of the Pentagrams for the Merovingian Kingdom
75. De rol van de bijen (of cicaden) uit het koningsgraf van Childerik I
76. A New Chapter to the Philosophy of Language
Project: alphabetic Arrays

77. Overview of the Alphabetic Arrays (14.2.2021)
78. Bericht over de analyse van een reeks alfabetten
79. The Arrays (and the Presumed Theonym TIEU) of the Ogham Signary (11.02.2021)
80. How to Read the Theonym „TIWÆS“ in the Runic „Futhark"-Signary... (30.01.2021)
81. The Pentagrams in the Name-giving of the Runes
82. De etymologie van de namen Diaus, Dieus en Djous
83. The Etymology of the Words Diaus, Dieus and Djous ... (Scribd)
84. The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek, Roman...
85. The Evidence of Perfect and Imperfect Pentagrams
86. De woordenlijsten der perfecte en imperfecte pentagrammen
Januari – December 2020 (44)
1. Verbale echo's in de Europese talen – Over de naamgeving van de Frankenkoningen (Dutch)
2. Patterns of the European Languages
3. Another View on the Design of the Frankish Language
4. The Generation of Perfect Pentagrams (Like LIBER, FRANK and DYAUS)
5. The Naming Convention for Kings in Francia
6. Over de naamgeving voor de goden en vorsten van het Frankenrijk
7. Hoe de adelgeslachten met de namen Franken, Willem en Lodewijk de onsterfelijkheid
konden pachten
8. The Nomenclature of the Sky-Gods - How the Royals achieved Immortality - (Scribd)
9. Standardizing the Signaries - The Encryption and Decryption of alphabets (Scribd)
10. Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd)
11. Alphabets With Integrated Dictionaries (Scribd)
Project: Periodic Tables for Signaries

1. The Quantization of the Ugaritic Alphabet (Scribd)
2. De architectuur van het Oegaritische alfabet (Scribd)
3. A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries as a Root for the Sky-god Dyaus and the
Personal Pronouns for the 1st Person Singular and Dual Form
4. Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish) alphabets (Scribd)
12. Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
1. Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
2. A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
3. Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets
4. Overview of the Periodic Tables of the Sami Languages
5. Eight Periodic Tables for the Sámi Languages
13. Het hart van de Dutche taal
1. Periodic Tables for the Sami Alphabets
2. A Periodic Table for the Dutch Language
3. Periodic Tables for the Dalecarlian Runes and the Elfdalian Alphabet (Scribd)
14. The Hierarchical Structure of the Hebrew Alphabet (Scribd)
15. De hiërarchische structuur van het Hebreeuwse alfabet (Scribd)
1. A Periodic Table for the Phoenician and Hebrew Alpabet (Scribd)
2. A Periodic Table for the Icelandic Alphabet (Scribd)
3. A Periodic Table for the Coptic Alphabet (Scribd)
4. A Periodic Table for the Cyrillic Alphabet (Scribd)
16. The Impact of Ternary Coding Systems (Scribd)
17. A Pedigree for Alphabets (Scribd)
18. The Composition of the European Alphabets (Scribd)
19. The Letter Repositioning in the Greek and Latin Alphabets
20. Unstably Classified Letters in Alphabets (Scribd)
21. Notes on the Common Architecture of Alphabetical Structures (Academia.edu)
1. A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets
2. A Periodic Classification for the Gothic Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
3. A Periodic Classification for the Futhark-Alphabets (obsolete, Scribd)
4. A Periodic Classification for the Latin Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
Project: The Origin of Dyaus
22. The Model of a Language as a Communication Link (Scribd)
23. The Roots of the Indo-European Alphabets (12.5.2020)
24. Samenvatting van "The Alphabet as an Elementary Document"
25. The Alphabet as an Elementary Document
26. The Origin of the Name Dyaus
27. De oorsprong van de name Diaus
28. The History of Designing an Alphabet (Scribd)
29. Een architectuur voor de PIE-talen (Scribd)
30. An Architecture for the PIE-Languages
31. A Suggested Restoration of the 'Futhark'-Sequence (Scribd)
32. The Composition of the Sky- God's Name in PIE-Languages
33. The Ternary Codes in Language and Creation (Scribd)
34. The Role of Saussure's Letter "E"
35. The Optimal Number of Vowels in Languages (Scribd)
36. A Ternary Encoding to Optimize Communications and Cooperation
Project: The Power Plants and Lightning Rods

37. A Golden Box to Control the Lightnings
38. The Ancient Lightning Rods around the Mediterranean Sea
39. Die ältesten Blitz(ab)leiter am Mittelmeer (Scribd)
40. Pyramids in the Role as Power Plants
41. Piramides als energiecentrales (Scribd)
42. The Role of the Pyramids in Melting Glass and Meta... (Scribd)
43. The Egyptian Drilling Technology (Scribd)
44. The Architecture of the Younger Futhark Alphabet
Project: Irrigation and Drainage, Atlantis

1. The Sources for the IΩ- Pronouns
2. Notes to Herodotus' Histories of IΩ, Europa and Medea
3. The Role of Irrigation and Drainage in a Successful Civilisation
4. De rol van de irrigatie en drainage in een succesv... (Scribd)
5. Notes to Frazer's "Pausanias's Description of Greece"
6. The Initials of European Philosophy
7. Atlantis vormde 3400 jaar geleden een Helleens Delta-project
8. The War against Atlantis
9. The "Ego"-Root inside the Name "Thebes"
10. The Role of the AEtts in the Futharc Alpabet
11. The Reconstruction of a European Philosophy
12. Traces of an old religion (The Root "Wit" in Wittekind)
13. Woden (Wuþ) as the Designer and Author of the Futhark Alphabet
14. Is the Core "Wut" in "Wutach" symbolizing "Wutan" ("Woden")
15. The Bipolar Core of Germanic Languages
16. Simon Stevin's Redefinition of Scientific Arts
17. Simon Stevin's definition van wetenschappelijk onderzoek
18. De etymologie van de woorden met Wit-, Wita en Witan-kernen
19. The "Vit"-Roots in the Anglo-Saxon Pedigree
20. The Traces of "Wit" in Saxony
Project: Chilperic I's Letters
21. King Chilperic I's letters (ΔΘZΨ) may be found at the beginning ("Futha") of the runic
alphabet and at the end (WIJZAE) of the Danish alphabet
22. Aan het slot (WIJZAE) van het Deense alfabet en aan het begin ("Futha") van het
runenalfabet bevinden zich de letters (ΔΘZΨ) van koning Chilperic I
23. The Role of the Ligature AE in the European Creation Legend
Project: The runic keywords

24. A Concept for a Runic Dictionary
25. Concentrating the Runes in the Runic Alphabets
26. Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo
27. De sleutelwoorden van het Futhark alfabet
28. The Keywords of the Futhark Alphabet
29. Het runenboek met het unieke woord Tiw
30. A short Essay about the Evolution of European Personal Pronouns
31. The Evolution of the European Personal Pronouns
32. De miraculeuze transformatie van de Europese samenleving
33. The Miraculous Transformation of European Civilization
34. The Duality in Greek and Germanic Philosophy
35. Bericht van de altaarschellist over de Lof der Zotheid
Project: The role of water-springs in Christening the Netherlands

36. De bronnen van Brabant (de Helleputten aan de Brabantse breuklijnen)
37. De fundamenten van de samenleving
38. De rol van de waterbronnen bij de kerstening van Nederland
39. De etymologie van "wijst" en "wijstgrond"
40. The Antipodes Mith and With
41. The Role of the Dual Form in the Evolution of European Languages
42. De rol van de dualis in de ontwikkeling der Europese talen
43. The Search for Traces of a Dual Form in Quebec French
44. Synthese van de Germanistische & Griekse mythologie en etymologie
45. De restanten van de dualis in het Dutch, English en German
Project: the Ugaritic alphabet

46. Notes to the Corner Wedge in the Ugaritic Alphabet
47. The Origin of the long IJ-symbol in the Dutch alphabet
48. Over de oorsprong van de „lange IJ“ in het Dutche alfabet
49. The Backbones of the Alphabets
50. The Alphabet and and the Symbolic Structure of Europe
51. The Unseen Words in the Runic Alphabet
52. De ongelezen woorden in het runenalfabet
53. The Role of the Vowels in Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
54. Over de volgorde van de klinkers in woorden en in godennamen
55. The Creation Legends of Hesiod and Ovid
56. De taal van Adam en Eva (published: ca. 2.2.2019)

1. King Chilperic's 4 Letters and the Alphabet's Adaptation
2. De 4 letters van koning Chilperic I en de aanpassing van het Frankenalfabet
Project: The symbolism of Hair Braids and Bonnets
3. The Symbolism of Hair Braids and Bonnets in Magical Powers
4. The Antipodes in PIE-Languages
5. In het Dutch, German en English is de dualis nog lang niet uitgestorven
6. In English, Dutch and German the dual form is still alive
7. The Descendants of the Dual Form " Wit "
8. A Structured Etymology for Germanic, Slavic and Romance Languages
9. The “Rod”-Core in Slavic Etymology (published: ca. 27.11.2018)
10. Encoding and decoding the runic alphabet
11. Über die Evolution der Sprachen
12. Over het ontwerpen van talen
13. The Art of Designing Languages
Project: The philosophical Nous-Concept

14. Notes to the usage of the Spanish words Nos and Vos, Nosotros and Vosotros
15. Notes to the Dual Form and the Nous-Concept in the Inari Sami language
16. Over het filosofische Nous-concept
17. Notes to the Philosophical Nous-Concept
18. The Common Root for European Religions (published: ca. 27.10.2018)
Project: The mechanisms of the Christening concepts

19. A Scenario for the Medieval Christianization of a Pagan Culture
20. Een scenario voor de middeleeuwse kerstening van een heidens volk
21. The Role of the Slavic gods Rod and Vid in the Futhorc-alphabet
22. The Unification of Medieval Europe
23. The Divergence of Germanic Religions
24. De correlatie tussen de dualis, Vut, Svantevit en de Sint-Vituskerken
25. The Correlation between Dual Forms, Vut, Svantevit and the Saint Vitus Churches
26. Die Rekonstruktion der Lage des Drususkanals (published: ca. 27.9.2018)
27. Die Entzifferung der Symbolik einer Runenreihe
28. Deciphering the Symbolism in Runic Alphabets
29. The Sky-God, Adam and the Personal Pronouns
Project: The deity Tiw

30. Notities rond het boek Tiw (Published ca. 6.2.2018)
31. Notes to the book TIW
32. Von den Völkern, die nach dem Futhark benannt worden sind
33. Designing an Alphabet for the Runes
34. Die Wörter innerhalb der „Futhark“-Reihe
35. The hidden Symbolism of European Alphabets
36. Etymology, Religions and Myths
37. The Symbolism in Poe's Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym from Nantucket (Scribd)
38. Notizen zu " Über den Dualis " und " Gesammelte sprachwissenschaftliche Schriften "
Project: The keyword FUT

39. Ϝut - Het Dutche sleutelwoord
40. Concepts for the Dual Forms
41. The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)
42. Proceedings in the Ego-pronouns' Etymology
43. Notities bij „De godsdiensten der volken“
44. The Role of *Teiwaz and *Dyeus in Filosofy
45. A Linguistic Control of Egotism
46. The Design of the Futhark Alphabet
47. An Architecture for the Runic Alphabets
Project: The Celtic Hair Bonnets

48. The Celtic Hair Bonnets (Published Jun 24, 2018)
49. Die keltische Haarhauben
50. De sculpturen van de Walterich-kapel te Murrhardt
51. The rediscovery of a lost symbolism
52. Het herontdekken van een vergeten symbolisme
53. De god met de twee gezichten
54. The 3-faced sculpture at Michael's Church in Forchtenberg
Project: The symbolism of the 7 planets

55. Over de woorden en namen, die eeuwenlang bewaard gebleven zijn
56. De zeven Planeten in zeven Brabantse plaatsnamen
57. Analysis of the Futhorc-Header
58. The Gods in the Days of the Week and inside the Futhor-alphabet
59. Een reconstructie van de Dutche scheppingslegende
60. The Symbolism in Roman Numerals
61. The Keywords in the Alphabets Notes to the Futharc's Symbolism
Project: The Hell-ways, Rue d'Enfer as the Deposits of Loess

62. The Mechanisms for Depositing Loess in the Netherlands
63. Over het ontstaan van de Halserug, de Heelwegen en Heilwegen in de windschaduw van de
Veluwe
64. Investigations of the Rue d'Enfer-Markers in France
65. Die Entwicklung des französischen Hellwegs ( " Rue d'Enfer ")
66. De oorsprong van de Heelwegen op de Halserug, bij Dinxperlo en Beltrum
67. The Reconstruction of the Gothic Alphabet's Design
68. Von der Entstehungsphase eines Hellwegs in Dinxperlo-Bocholt
69. Over de etymologie van de Hel-namen (Heelweg, Hellweg, Helle..) in Nederland
70. Recapitulatie van de projecten Ego-Pronomina, Futhark en Hellweg
71. Over het ontstaan en de ondergang van het Futhark-alfabet
72. Die Etymologie der Wörter Hellweg, Heelweg, Rue d'Enfer, Rue de l'Enfer und Santerre
73. The Etymology of the Words Hellweg, Rue d'Enfer and Santerre
Project: The Decoding of the Futhark alphabet

74. The Decoding of the Kylver Stone' Runes
75. The Digamma-Joker of the Futhark
76. The Kernel of the Futhorc Languages
77. De kern van de Futhark-talen
78. Der Kern der Futhark-Sprachen
79. De symboolkern IE van het Dutch
80. Notes to Guy Deutscher's "Through the Language Glass"
81. Another Sight on the Unfolding of Language (Published 1 maart, 2018)
1. Notes to the Finnish linguistic symbolism of the sky-god's name and the days of the week
2. A modified Swadesh List (Published 12 / 17 / 2017)
3. A Paradise Made of Words
4. The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Personal Pronouns
5. The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism (Published 10 / 28 / 2017)
6. The Role of the Dual Form in Symbolism and Linguistics (Oct 17, 2017)
7. The Correlation between the Central European Loess Belt, the Hellweg-Markers and the
Main Isoglosses
8. The Central Symbolic Core of Provencal Language (Oct 7, 2017)
December 2011 (2)

• Proceedings in the Pronouns' Etymology (Summary 2009-2018)
• The Hermetic Codex II - Bipolar Monotheism (Scribd)
The Voynich-Project (2022)

The following study-essays have been documented as stages in the Voynich-Project:
1. The Roots of the Voynich-Manuscript
2. The Search for Water- and Air-Words in the Voynich-Manuscript
3. The Relations between the Hunter Orion, the Pleiades and Baskets in the Voynich
Manuscript
4. The (Green) Aachtopf and the (Blue) Blautopf as Karst-Springs in the Voynich
Manuscript
5. The Life-Cycle in Page f79v of the Voynich Manuscript
6. The Origin of the Yellow, Blue and Green Waters
7. The Role of the Queens in the Voynich Manuscript
8. The Misinterpretation and Reinterpretion of the Voynich Manuscript
9. The Background of the Voynich-Manuscript
10. The Text to the Ponds at Page f84v of the Voynich Manuscript
11. Analysis of the Rainbows in the Voynich Manuscript
2. Analysis of the Names for the Nymphs
1. A RISC-Design for the Voynich Alphabet (?)
2. The Heart of the Voynich Manuscript
3. The Role of Repetitions in the Voynich Manuscript
Appendix 2 - An (incomplete) Overview of the ( ~300) Pentagrams
According to a comment to the Sefer Jetsirah the letters in the Hebrew alphabet had been
categorized according to 5 categories, which are based on the 5 phonetic sources where the human
voice is generating the phonetic sounds.
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4,
paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew
alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph ( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (
‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the tongue with the opening of
the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial sounds] made by the release of the lips
and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬, yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by
the width of the tongue [against the palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬,
ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau (‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with
the [emission of] sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental
sounds] produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest. 33”
The following dictionary documents a number (~300) of perfect pentagrams in various languages.
Only a subset of these words have been composed as pentagrams. Other words unintentionally may
have turned into pentagrams.
# P
1. A
ADUZI P Adige , ladinisch Adesc, trentinisch Àdes, Adige (river) Italian
ETUSC P Adisch , Etsch Etsch German
2. A
ÆLIUS P Sextus_Aelius_Catus (Roman senator) (4 AD) Catus (name) Latin
Both ÆLIUS and CATUS are pentagrams
3. A
AFRIN P Afrin – City and tributary of the Orontes river Afrin Turkish
4. A
AGNUS P agnus, Agnus Dei - (Noun) A lamb, especially Lamb Latin
one used as a sacrifice.
5. A
ALBIS P Elbe, Latin Albis, meaning "river" or "river-bed" Albis (river) Latin
LABSK P tschech LABSK Elbe German
6. A
ALPIS P Tributary of the Danube in Herodotus (4. 49) Alpis (river) Latin
7. A
AMRIT P Amrit - a Phoenician port located near present- Amrit (haven) Phoenician
day Tartus in Syria. (?)
8. A
AMRIT P Nectar, s. AMṚTAṂ in Amrit – Yogawiki Nectar Sanskrit
9. A
ANGUS P Angus Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Angus (name) Scots
Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice". In Irish
myth, Aonghus was the god of love and youth.
10. A
APRIL P fourth month, AUERIL, from Latin (mensis) april (month), English
AVRIL P Aprilis 2nd month Old French
11. A
ARBID P Tell Arbid is a multicultural site.[11] Tell Arbid Sumerian
12. A
ARJUN(A) P Core: Arjun Arjuna Sanskrit
13. A
AULIS P Aulis From Ancient Greek Αὐλίς (Aulís). Ancient Aulis (port) Latin
port-town, located in Boeotia in central Greece
14. A
ΑἼΣΩΝ P (Αἴσων) – Aison was the son of Cretheus & Tyro Aison Greek
15. A
ἈΡΊΩΝ P (Ἀρείων) – very fast, black horse. Arion Greek
16. A
A ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
33 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology (quoted in The Composition of the Sky-God's Name in PIE-Languages)
# P
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
17. A
Z ASYUT P capital of the Thirteenth Nome of Upper Egypt Asiut English
S
ZAWTY P (Lycopolites Nome) around 3100 BC "Guardian" Egyptian
SYOWT P Egyptian Zawty, Coptic Syowt[2] Koptisch
18. B
BÆTIS P Baetis, a river (Guadalquivir) in Spain Guadalquivir Latin
19. B
BATIR P batir To beat Spanish
20. B
BINZA P binza membrane Spanish
21. B
BISEL P bisel order Spanish
22. B
BISON P From: Latin bison "wild ox" (animal) bison Latin
23. B
BLOIS P Blois (832 AD), in the Rennaissance official Blois (city) French
residence for the King of France.
24. B
BÔZINE - Dialect: bôzine ‘landlady’. (bazin) landlady boss French
25. B
BREKhMÓS - Brekhmós: skull skull Greek
26. B
BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
27. B
BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed noble Irish
from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
28. B
B BÂTIR P bastir "build, construct, sew up, baste, make To build French
BASIN P baste (v.2) - Water vessel (of unknown origin) basin English
29. B
B BRAIN P Brain, brein; of uncertain origin, evt. van fr. PIE Brain Dutch
BREIN P root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
BREIThEEL P welsh breitheel welsh
BRÆG(E)N P oe. bræg(e)n (ne. brain)
*MREGh- - pie. *mregh-mo- (brains) PIE
MO
30. B
B BRIDE P Bride – Old-Frisian BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Dutch
B
BREID P a word of uncertain origin. English
BRUID - Old-Frisian
31. B
P BREChT P splendid (Brecht) splendid, Dutch
B
PRAChT P Brecht (pronoun) bright Germanic
BRIGHT - bright (splendid) English
32. B
P BESIN P king Bisinus ( BESIN in Frankish) Thuringian Dutch
B
B
PISΕN P PISΕN in Lombard king/queen Frankisch
BASIN(A) P Basina, the queen of Thuringia (5th century). Basin(a) of Lombard
BAZIN P woman in charge Thuringia
33. B
S BIDDEN P Fides, (confidence, trust)34 Fides (virtue) Dutch
F
FIDES P σφίδη (sphídē). σφίδη(sphídē) Latin
ΣΦΊΔΗ - Old English: BIDDAN "to ask, beg, pray” to beg Old Greek
34. C
CĀNUS P cānus (canus): grey, old, aged, venerable Aged person Latin
35. C
CATUS P catus clever Latin
36. C
CHURL P Churl (ceorl / CHURL), lage stand v. vrije man Churl English
37. C
CHURN P To churn (of unknown origin). To churn English
38. C
CRĪBLE - Crible - sieve, sifter, riddle sieve French
34 Numa is said to have built a temple to Fides publica; Source: fides in William Smith, editor (1848) A
Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology
# P
39. C
CROWN P "crown" – from Latin “corona” crown English
40. D
DIMER P sky-god – in emesal pronounced as DIMER Dingir Sumerian
41. D
(D)JOUR - Jour day French
42. D
*DUIRO P Duero (river) Duero (river) Spain/Portug.
43. D
DARYVŠ - D- A- R- Ya- Va- ū- Š - Darius I Darius (king) Old-Persian
DA(R)YVŠ - daryvuS
44. D
DECUS P Decus - deeds of honor, Grace, splendor, beauty. honor Latin
Honor, distinction, glory. Pride, dignity.
45. D
DIAUS P Dyáuṣ Pitṛṛ Sky-god Sanskrit
46. D
DIÉU(S) P Dieu God French
47. D
DIVES P Dives (river) in France Dives (river) French
48. D
DIVES P dives rich Latin
49. D
DIVUS - Divine, godlike – from the same source as deus. divine Latin
50. D
DOUIX - Douix (Source at the river Seine) Douix (river) French
51. D
DYEUS P *Dyeus (god) DIEUS (god) PIE
52. D
D DIS-PATER - Dīs Pater Dīs Pater Latin
DĪVES- P originally DĪVES-PATER (god) (m.)
PATER
53. E
ELPIS P Elpis hope Greek
54. E
ENGUR P fresh water (from underground aquifers), freshwater Sumerian
(ABZU) also named ENGUR. Also named “Abzu”,
literally, ab='water' (or 'semen') zu='to know'
or 'deep' was the name for fresh water from
underground aquifers.
55. E
ERBIL P Erbil. also HAWLER or Arbela, capital and most Erbil (city) Kurdish
populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
56. E
ERIDU P Eridu ("confluence" of the rivers) is the first city Eridu (city) Sumerian
in the world by the ancient Sumerians
57. E
ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) Herman Latin
(ARMIN)
58. E
ἘΧῙṛΩΝ - (Ἐχῑṛων) "viper", one of the 5 founders of Thebes Echion-name Greek
59. E
S ESPIÑA P spine (thorn, backbone, needle) thorn English
S
S
SPINE P spīna (thorn, backbone, needle) needle Latin
S
S
SPĪNA P spiná (спинаṛ, back) backbone Russian
SPINÁ - σπίλος (spílos) (rock, reef, cliff) cliff Greek
ΣΠΊΛΟΣ - espiña needle Galician
SPELD - speld, diminutive form of SPINE Dutch
60. F
FAÐIR P Faðir, FAÐIR Father Old-Norse
61. F
FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti (days) Latin
62. F
FAϸIR P The “father” seems to be a feeding care-taker, (Feeding rune
including the “foster” father. In contrast the parent)
procreator father is named the “Kuni”. Foster-father
63. F
FĒLIS P Felis – cat, fret cat (animal) Latin
# P
64. F
FELIZ P feliz (happy) happy Spanish
65. F
FESTI P Festī, Festî - ‘strength, power, document’ (veste) fort Old German
66. F
FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” ‘running’; bicycle Dutch
etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
67. F
FINAR P finar To dy Spanish
68. F
FIRAT P The name (Euphrates) is YEPRAT in Armenian Firat (river) Turkish
(Եփրատ), PERAT in Hebrew (‫)פרת‬, FIRAT in [Eufraat] Kurdish
Turkish and FIRAT in Kurdish.
69. F
FIRTH - fjord, river mouth - root *pertu- firth Scots
70. F
FJORD P narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created fjord Scandinavian
by a glacier. Indo-European root *pertu-
71. F
FOSITE - Fosite: Norse god for justice Fosite (god) Fries
72. F
FRANC P Frank free Dutch
FRANK P
73. F
FRIDA P Frida (name), Swedish name Frida (name) Swedish
74. F
FYΘAR P Futhark - runic code in alphabet and scripture Futhark Germanic
75. F
F FRIJŌNĄ - from Proto-Germanic *frijōną To free Proto-Germ.
V
F
FRIJŌN P to free; make free to make love Prt.-W.
V
V
VRÎEN P Germ.
F FRIJEN P M.L. German
VRIEN P Low German
VRIJEN P Middle Dutch
FRIJŌN P Dutch
FILOS P Gothic
76. F
L ΦIΛOΣ F Filos, from: “philosopher” To love Greek
L
LIEF(S) P ΦIΛOΣ Dutch
LIeBES - German
77. F
P FYSON P Rivers of Paradise: Pison, Gihon, Hiddekel (or Fyson (river) Mid.-English
PISON P Tigris), and Euphrates. Pison English
78. G
GAUTR P Runen-Sprachschatz (Runic dictionary,German) wise man Icelandic
79. G
GENU(S) P *genu, English knee knee Latin
80. G
GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) family, birth Latin
81. G
GESTÚ P Enki as the god of knowledge (gestú) knowledge Sumerian
82. G
D DI-WE (S) or - DI-WE or DI-WO or DI-WE (S) or DI-WO (S) Zeus (*DiI ēus) Mycenaen
DI-WO (S) - Zeus (*DiI ēus) Greek
83. H
H HLEIFR - loaf (n.), the Germanic origin is uncertain brood Germanic
K
HLAIFS Hleifr Old-Norse
KHLAIBUZ Hlaifs Gothic
84. H
S (HI)SP ANIA - Spanje - The origins of the Roman name Spain (state) Spanish
S
SP AIN P Hispania, and the modern España, are uncertain, English
SP ANIA - although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians Phoenician
referred to the region as Spania
85. I
INFERNO Inferi: "inhabitants of infernal regions, the dead." Inferno (Hel) Latin
# P
86. I
IOU-piter – Jupiter (D)IOU(S) JOU-piter Latin
DJOUS P (*DJOUS PATĒR)
87. I
ISLAM P Islam – "submission [to God]" Islam English
88. I
ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones Istavonen Latin
(people)
89. I
J IANUS P Janus -god of the beginning and end [1]. Janus Latin
JANUS P Janus French
90. J
JUDAS P Judas Judas (name) Dutch
91. J
JULES P Jules Jules (name) French
92. J
JURAT P Jurat in Guernsey en Jersey Jury French
93. J
JURON P juron swear word French
94. J
JUSTE P Just "just, righteous; sincere" Just French
JUSTO P Spanish
95. J
JUTES P Jutes (population of Jutland) Jutes English
96. k
KARUN P Karun, Iran's most effluent and only navigable Karun (river) English
river. In the Bible: Gihon river, at the Garden of
Eden near the Persian Gulf, fed by the four rivers
Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon (Karun) and Pishon
(Wadi Al-Batin). The name is derived from the
mountain range named Kuhrang (→ : Karoen)
97. K
KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise In runes
“Guth” (God)
98. K
KLEUR P Colour – early 13c., "skin color, complexion," kleur Dutch
COLOUR – from Anglo-French culur, coulour, Old French Color English
COULEUR - color "color, complexion, appearance" (Modern Colour French
French couleur), from Latin color "color of the
skin;
99. K
KOTUS P Kotys (war, slaughter) war Greek
100. K
KRÉŌN P son of Menoikeus Kreon Greek
101. K
KREY(N) P sieve, sifter, riddle sieve PIE-kern
102. K
K KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), herbs Dutch
C
KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da German
CRUYT - Indo-European references are unsecure.
103. L
*LIWAR P Loire Loire (river) French
104. L
LACUS P the l-rune (OE lagu, ON lǫgr/laugr (i, k, l, m ) water Latin
LAGUZ P Laguz Old-Norse
LAUGR P
105. L
LAIUS P Laius- Son of Labdacus. Father, by Jocasta, of Laius (name) Latin
LAIOS - Oedipus, who killed him. Greek
106. L
LAPIS P Stone - May be connected with Ancient Greek stone Latin
λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), from Proto-Indo-
European *lep- (“to peel”)
107. L
LEVIS P Levis, light (not heavy), quick, swift . Fickle , Licht (weight) Latin
# P
dispensable , trivial, trifling , easy (e.g. food)
108. L
LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) (royal) Louis (name) English
109. L
LIB(A)RŌ P Liver (Germanic: *LIB(A)RŌ-) Liver English
LIFER P lifer (Old English) Old English
LIVER P
*LIBRŌ P
110. L
LIBAR P libar To suckle Spanish
LIBER P
111. L
LIBRA P Libra scales Latin
112. L
LIBRA P Libra (pound) and Libra (in astrology) Pound Spanish
P Scales
113. L
LIBRE P libre (adj.) free Spanish
114. L
LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘power of love’ [10e century; love Dutch
W.Ps.]
115. L
LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
116. L
LII MOS P Limos hunger Greek
117. L
LIVES P lives lives English
118. L
LIVRE P livre book French
119. L
LOCUS P Location – Latin locus is from Old-Latinn stlocus location Latin
‘id.’, etymology uncertain; maybe from → stal.
(loco-.)
120. L
LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS (king) Clovis- name French
121. L
LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) – LOUIS (king) Louis (name) French
122. L
LUCHS P Luchs (Felis lynx) lynx German
123. L
LUGAR P lugar {m} location Spanish
124. L
LUIER P luier (diaper) diaper Dutch
125. L
LÚKOS P LÚKOS ("wolf") Lúkos (wolf) Greek
126. L 1
LUXIA (?) - Luxia (river in Spanje: Rio Tinto) Tinto (river) Latin
127. L
LUXOR P Luxor, een van de oudste bewoonde steden Luxor (Egypt) Egyptian
128. L
ΛΌΦΙΣ P In Haliartus there is a river Lophis (Λόφις). Lophis river Greek
129. L
L LIBER P liureHet woord “Liberi” is een pluralia tantum Child Latin
LIBERI - (alleen in meervoud) (children)
130. L
L LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, unchecked free Latin
L
L
LIURE P (→ freeman) Old Occitan
L LIBRO P Old Occitan: ; Provencal libro Provencal
LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Portuguese
LIBRE P French: libre French
131. M
(Ava) MEZIN In Kurdish, the Tigris is known as Ava Mezin, Ava Mezin Kurdish
"the Great Water". [Tigris] river
132. M
*MOSIL P German Mosel, French Moselle, Dutch Moezel Moezel river German
# P
133. M
MANSI P Are the Minoans and the Mansi in Siberia Mansi Mansi
related? | Minoans Part 6 (people)
134. M
MANUS - Manus - (मनस):—[from man] m. man or Manu man, mankind Sanskrit
(the father of men)
135. M
MARITSA - Maritsa (river) Maritsa river Bulgaars
MERIÇ P Meriç [meɾittʃ] Meriç [meɾittʃ] Turkish
136. M
MATIR P Mother – van Doorn A (2016). "On The Gaulish Mother Gaulish
Influence on Breton"
137. M
MAThIR P Mother Mother Old Irish
138. M
MATRI P Sicilian: [1] dative: matri (MATRI) (dat.) Mother Siciliaans
139. M
MAZiD(A) P Surname : Mazid means 'holy'. (Iran) Mazid (name) Arabic
140. M
MEDIR P medir (algo) {verb} meten Spanish
141. M
MELIS P Melis (honeybee → [Telling the bees]) Melis (naam) Dutch
142. M
MENIS P anger, wrath, fury. Initial word of the Iliad Mēnis Greek
143. M
MENRVA – MENRVA and MINERVA are Etruscan & Roman Menrva (god) Etruscan
MINERVA P names for Metis, the deity of wisdom Minerva Latin
144. M
MENSCh P man (person) from MENNISKO ('person') (1100) Man (person) Dutch
145. M
MERIT P Merit (Christianity), Merit (Buddhism), Variants: Merit (name) English
MARIT P Maret (Estonia)/Marit (Swedish). verdienste
146. M
MĒTĪRĪ P derived from *mēti ‘measure’ < pie. *méh1-ti- to measure Latin
147. M
METIS P Metis (personified by Athena) goddess of (Goddess) Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. First consort of the sky-god Zeus. Wisdom
148. M
MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas (king) Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
149. M
MILAS P Original capital of Caria. Milas (city) Greek
150. M
MILES P Latin mīles (“soldier”) ; Myles (given name) mīles Latin
Etymology unknown, maybe of Etruscan origin. (“soldaat”)
151. M
MILOS P Milos – volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea Milos island Greek
152. M
MÌNAS P Μήνας (moon) moon Greek
153. M
MINAR P Old Persian: pillar pillar Old Persian
154. M
MINOR P minor (“less, smaller, inferior”) smaller Latin
155. M
MINOS P Minos - Royal Name Minos Linear A
(king) (Cretan)
156. M
MITÉRA - μητέρα (MITÉRA): [1] mother New Greek
157. M
MIThER P mither (MIThER) mother Scots
158. M
MIThRA(S) P Mithra - Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) of Mithra (god) Avestaans
covenant, light, and oath
159. M
MITRA P Mitra (Deity in the Rigveda) Mitra (god) Sanskrit
160. M
MÓÐIR P Móðir - MÓÐIR mother IJslands
# P
161. M
MYNES P Mynes (mythology). Mynes, king of the city of Mynes Greek
Lyrnessus which was sacked by Achilles, who
there captured his wife, Briseis. Mynes was son
of King Evenus, son of Selepus.[2]
162. M
MYSON (Sage) Myson of Chenae (6th cent. BC); Myson Greek
163. M
MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
164. M
ΜΈΤRΙΟS P Metrios - moderate, average, mean mean Greek
165. M
ΜΥΗΘΟΣ P Virtue: temperance: mythos (belief in real Myth Greek
history) - word of “unknown origin”
166. M
M MAINZ P Mainz – Mogontiacum. Main is from Latin Mainz (city) German
M
MENUS P Moenis (also MOENUS or MENUS), the name Main (river) German
MOENUS P the Romans used for the river.
167. M
M MELKS P Substantive: milk, and the verb “to milk” milk Dutch
M
MÉLŽTI – (Lithuanian MÉLŽTI; Slovene MLÉSTI < Latvian
MLÉSTI - *MELZTI; all ‘milks’.) Slovenian
168. M
MOIST P moist moist English
169. N
NABIS P Nabis - Nabis, tyrant of Sparta Nabis -tyrant Latin
170. N
NAVIS P Nāvis- ship or nave (middle or body of a church) ship Latin
171. N
NIFFER P Nibru was the original name of the city of Nibru (city) Sumerisch
NUFFAR - Nippur. Great complex of ruin mounds known to
NIBRU - the Arabs as Nuffar, written by the earlier
explorers Niffer, divided into two main parts by
the dry bed of the old Shatt-en-Nil (Arakhat)
Source: Nibru
172. N
NÎMES P Nîmes - Nemausus god of the local Volcae tribe. Nîmes French
173. N
NĪRAṂ P Nīraṃ water Sanskrit
174. N
NIRVA P nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from Nirwana Sanskrit
ननस (nis, “out”) + व (vā, “to blow”).
175. N
NUGOR P Nugor- I jest, trifle, play the fool, talk nonsense To trifle Latin
176. O
(H)ORMIZD - *Hasura MazdʰaH - Ahura Armenian
- Ahura Mazda (supreme god) Mazda Old-Persian
(H)ormazd
177. O
OCNUS P Ocnus – king of Alba Longa. He founded modern Ocnus (king) Latin
Mantua in honor of his mother.[1]
178. O
OMNIS P Omnis - all, a word of unknown origin all Latin
179. O
ΟΥΥΗΤΙΣ P Oútis (a transliteration of the Ancient Greek nobody Old-Greek
ΟÚΤΙS P pronoun Οὖτις = "nobody" or "no one")[1]
180. P
*P ADIR P Pader (river) - word of unknown origin Pader (river) German
181. P
PĀLĪZ P a kitchen garden, used by Xenophon for an garden, (New)
“enclosed park” of the Persian kings (Paradise) paradise Persian
182. P
PANIS P Pānis (bread, loaf ) bread Latin
# P
183. P
PARThI P Parthi - the Parthians, a Scythian people, Parthen Latin
184. P
PATIR P Patir (father) father Oscan
185. P
PEDIR P pedir algo {verb} claim Spanish
186. P
PEDIS P Pĕdis - Louse louse Latin
187. P
PĒNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA penis Latin
188. P
PhYLAS P Φύλας Phýlas /Phylas- King of the Dryoper Phylas-name Greek
189. P
PÍAST P píast, péist -From Middle Iers péist, from Old beast Irish
PÍEST Iers píast, from Latin bēstia.
190. P
PIeTER P Pieter (symbolic “PITER” or “PITAR”, because Peter Dutch
the “e” indicates a long I vowel)
191. P
PILAR P Pilar (Catalan, Norwegian Bokmål, Nynorsk) pillar Catalan
Norse
192. P
PILAR P short for "Maria del Pilar" and a popular Spanish Pilar (name) Spanish
given name
193. P
PINEoS - Pineios ; Greek: Πηνειός Pineios(river) Greek
194. P
PIRAN P Piran - town in southwestern Slovenia Piran (town) Slovenian
195. P
PIRAT P Pirat (pirate) pirate German
196. P 35
PISAN P pis/“annu “box” box Sumerian
197. P
PITAR P Pitar (father) father Sanskrit
198. P
PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Saint-Piters- Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
199. P
PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
200. P
PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
201. P
PRITHVI - Prithvi earth Sanskrit
202. P
PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (fish-) fork English
203. P
PYLOS P Pylos - "Palace of Nestor" in Homer's Iliad. Pylos Greek
204. P
PYLOS P „seven-gated Thebes“ (Thebe Heptapylos) Gate Greek
PYLUS -- Pylus - member of the Aetolian royal family
205. P
PYOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian
206. P
PYREN(e) P Pyrene (Heuneburg); → Hekataios von Milet Pyrene Greek
207. P
ΠΑΣΙΦάη - Pasiphaë – Queen of Crete, married with Minos, Pasiphaë Greek
king of Crete
208. P
ΦΡΎΝΗ P Φρύνη - Phryne Greek hetaira (courtesan). Phryne, name Greek
209. P
B P ADIS P Padus (Po) (river), Padus (Po) Latin
BODIS P Bodincus (old Ligurian) Bodincus Ligurian
210. P
F PISON P Rivers of Paradise: Pis(h)on, (along with Fyson (river) English
FYSON P Hiddekel (Tigris), Phrath (Euphrates) and Gihon) Pis(h)on Mid.-English
211. P
P POLIS P ancient Greek city-state, 1894, from Greek polis, city Greek
35 Sumerian Grammar uploaded by Baskar Saminathnan

# P
PTOLIS - ptolis "citadel, fort, city, .." from PIE *tpolh-
"citadel; .. high ground; hilltop"
212. P
P POTIS P powerful, able, capable; possible powerful Latin
PATIS P husband Litvian
213. P
P Pools P from Latin polire "to Pools, make smooth; To polish English
P
POLIRE - decorate, embellish;" , from: polīre ‘Pools’, Latin
POLIS P unknown etymology. French
214. Q
QUERN P quern (n.) To quern English
215. Q
QUR'AN P Quran – The sacred Book in Islam Quran Arabian
216. R
*RHIJUN P Rhine (E), Rhein (D), Rijn (NL) Rhine (river) Germanic
217. R
RAPID P rapid from French rapide, from Latin rapidus rapid English
218. R
RIJVΕN P rijven (to rake) (to write) write Dutch
219. R
RIVAL P rival - from Latin rivalis "a rival" originally, "of rival English
the same brook,"
220. R
RĪVΕN P rīven (mnd. rīven ‘to rub’) To rub Mnd.-Dutch
221. R
RIVΕT P rivet (fastener) rivet English
222. R
RUNGA P Runga – (Rapa Nui /Easter-island) - Creator Creator Rapa Nui
Rangi – For Māori Rangi & Papa are the original
couple for the sky & earth.
223. R
R RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere ruin Dutch
RUINA P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
224. R
R RIJPΕN P ripen (etymology uncertain) ripen Dutch
R
RIPΕN P ripen English
REIFΕN - reifen German
225. S
SIBYL P sibyls are female prophets in Ancient Greece. sibyl English
226. S
SIFON P Siphon, sifon, syphon- from Ancient Greek ; sifon Old French
SIPhON P σίφων (síphōn, "pipe, tube for drawing wine from siphon English
SYPhON P a cask,"), of uncertain origin; σίφων Old Greek
227. S
SILVA P Silva (wood, forest ) forest Latin
228. S
SIMLA P Simla (city in India) Simla (city) Indian (?)
229. S
SIMON P Simon Simon Dutch
230. S
SĪVAN Sīvan – 3rd month of the Hebrew calendar Sīvan Hebrew
usually in May–June on a Gregorian calendar. May–June
231. S
SMILA P Smila (Σμίλα), de stad Crusis, Herodotus. Smila (city) Greek
Histories. 7.123.
232. S
SMILA Smile: Scandinavian source (such as Danish smile Swedish
SMILE SMILE "smile," Swedish SMILA "smile, smirk, Danish
SMIÊT simper, fawn"), from Proto-Germanic *smil-, Latvian
extended form of PIE root *smei- "to laugh,
smile"
233. S
SOLYM(us) P Solym(us) (mountain) and Solym(us) (city) Solyma (city) Greek
234. s
SPAIN P Spain Spain English
# P
235. S
SPILE P Spile Houten vork Lets
236. S
SPINA P Spina - Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po-river Spina (city) Etruscan
237. S
SUIDÆ P Suda -10th-century Byzantijnse encyclopedie Suda (book) Latin
238. S
SUTHI P Suthi, (tomb) tomb Etruscan
239. S
SWINE P Swine - Old High German swin, Middle Dutch Swine English
swijn, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Old Norse, (animal)
Swedish, Danish svin)
240. S
S SABIN P Sabine [member of an Italian tribe] {1625} Sabine Etruscan
SABIJN P etymology: ‘kin’ Sabinus Dutch
241. S
S SAUIL P sauil (Gothic), the sun and the letter “S” sun, Gothic
S
SAULI P sauli (Lithuanian, Indo-European Languages) (the letter S) Lithuanian
SÁULĖ - sáulė (Lithuanian)
242. T
TAGUS P The river Tagus in Spain, (in Spanish: Tajo) Tagus (river) Latin
243. T
TAMIS P Tamis - drum sieve drum sieve French
244. T
TAPIR P Tapir (animal) Tapir-animal English
245. T
TAXUS P Taxus baccata (European yew) – evergreen tree Yew (tree) English
246. T
TEIWS P The name of a Gothic deity named *TEIWS *Teiws (god) Gothic
(later *Tīus) (later *Tīus)
247. T
TERUG P terug (return, backwards) backwards Dutch
248. T
ThEMIS P ThEMIS – (after METIS) second consort of Zeus Themis Greek
(ΘEMIΣ) P (justice)
249. T
THIUS P Thius (Late Latin) uncle uncle Latin
derived from: Old Greek θεῖος (theîos).
250. T
ThÍVA(s) - Thebe (in Boeotia) (Greece) Thebe (city) Greek
Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]
251. T
THUIS P thuis (at home) At home Dutch
252. T
ThYBES P Thebes (Egypt) – Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι Thebes Egyptian
253. T
ThYMOS P Courage (θυμός) soul, will , temper, mind courage Greek
254. T
TIBER P Tiber Etymology pre-Latin, origin may be Italic. Tiber (river) Latin
255. T
TIEUS P TIEUS (Tieu) plural of - A surname, borrowed Tieu(s) Vietnamese
from Vietnamese Tiêu, from Chinese 蕭. (naam)
256. T
TIFOS P Tifos - "still water" still water Aegean
257. T
TIMOR P timor (Latin) awe, reverence. fear, dread. Fear, awe Latin
258. T
TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
259. T
TIVAS P *Tīwaz - Týr or Tiw Germanic god Germanic
260. T
TIWAS P Tiwaz - the Luwian Sun-god. sun (deity) Luwian
261. T
TIWAZ P Rune (ᛏ) for the deity Týr Týr (god) rune
262. T
TJEUS P nickname to define the JEU-sayers in Val Medel Val Medel Sursilvan
(nickname)
# P
263. T
TRIBΕ P Tribe tribe English
264. T
TURIA P Turia – river (280 km) in Valencia Turia (river) Spanish
265. T
TUROG P Locale pagan deity in Sussex Turog (god) Celtic (?)
266. T
ΘΊSΒE P Thisbe Θίσβη ΘΊΣΒΗ – Greek city Thisbe (city) Greek
267. T
T TAPIS P Tapis, Carpet, rug French
T
TAPIS P Byzantine-Greek Byz.-Greek
TÁPĒS - Tápēs, Greek Greek
268. U
ULRIKE - Ulrike (female given name) Ulrike (name) German
269. U
UNIRΕ P ūnīre (to join, to unite, to put together), unite Latin
270. U
U ÛÐIRA P Udder udder Germanic
UIDER P Middle Dutch
UYDER P
271. U
U URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine, sperma Dutch
URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root *we- (bron:urine) Latin
r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" English
272. U
U UUATIRO – water (in watrischafo [709; ONW]) water Dutch
W
WATRIS – Old-Irish uisce ‘water’ (also see → whisky); (vloeistof) Dutch
UISCE - Old-Irish
273. V
VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) clothes (plr.) Old-Norse
274. V
VALIS P Waal (Netherlands) – largest river Waal (river) Latin
ChALUZ
275. V
VANIR P Vanir- House of the Wise (group of gods Vanir (gods) English
associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and the
ability to see the future. )
276. V
VEINS P veins veins English
277. V
VENUS - Goddess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, Venus (god) Latin
prosperity and victory
278. V
VIDAR P Víðarr - son of Odin – (the god of revenge) Víðarr (god) Old Norse
279. V
VIRAL P Viral viral English
280. V
VLIES P Vlies (Fleece, membrane) membrane Dutch
281. V
VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
282. V
VRIJEN P (1): “VRIJEN”: to make love (1240). Originally: 1: vrijen Dutch
“to love” (from: friend in Etymology-bank). 2: free people Frankish (?)
(2): “VRIJEN”: the “free people” (FRANKen)
283. V
W VIDERE - “To have seen” - to wit (v.), to know, wissen To know Dutch
W
VIŽDĄ - (German); Old Church Slavic. viždą, vidiši, viděti to see, German
WETEN ‘zien’ vědě ‘I know’; OCL
WISSEN
284. W
(W)ILUŠA - Wiluša (Ἴλιον, Īṛlion ) Troje, Īṛlion Hettitisch
285. W
WATIR P Middle English : watir (plural watiris) Water English
286. W
WHIRL P whirl (twist, verb) (To) whirl English
# P
287. W
WIJSEL P Wijsel, Wissel, Wisła Wijsel, Wissel German
VISLA P (ancient sources spell the name ISTULA) Wisła (river) Pools
288. W
WIJZEN P To point, to teach (onderwijzer = teacher) To teach Dutch
289. W
WISEN(t) - Bison bonasus, WISEN(t) of Europese BIZON Bison Germanic
290. W
WIZARD - wizard – (originally): "to know the future." (?) philosopher English
291. W
WIZZŌD - Wizzōd‚ law; Testament, Sacrament law Gothic
292. W
WIÞRĄ P Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (WIÞRĄ, “against”) against Proto-
Germanic
293. W
WRANG P wrang (sourish) wrang Dutch
294. W
WRONG P wrong verkeerd English
295. W
W *WRAITh P Old English wrað "angry" – very angry. wrath English
*WREIT- P (literally "tormented, twisted") wroth
296. W
W WRITE P To write To write English
WRITA P Old Frisian
297. Y
YSULA P Yssel, Ijssel (Netherlands & Germany) Yssel (river) Latin
ISULA IJssel
298. Z
DŹWINA P Düna ; Pools Dźwina Düna (river) Polish
299. Z
ZEMLJA - Zemlja (earth) earth Slavic
300. Z
ZUNGE P Zunge; from Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from tongue German
*TUNGǬ - Proto-Germanic *tungǭ; from Proto-Indo- Prt-Germanic
LINGUA - European *dnnǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Latin lingua Latin
TONGUE - English
Dictionary (~300) of perfect pentagrams
Appendix 3 - The Greek vocabulary for pentagrams
# P
1. A
ΑἼΣΩΝ P (Αἴσων) – Aison was the son of Cretheus & Tyro Aison Greek
2. A
ἈΡΊΩΝ P (Ἀρείων) – very fast, black horse. Arion Greek
3. B
BREKhMÓS - Brekhmós: skull skull Greek
4. E
ELPIS P Elpis hope Greek
5. E
ἘΧῙṛΩΝ - (Ἐχῑṛων) "viper", one of the 5 founders of Thebes Echion-name Greek
6. F
L ΦIΛOΣ F Filos, from: “philosopher” To love Greek
L
LIEF(S) P ΦIΛOΣ Dutch
LIeBES - German
7. K
KOTUS P Kotys (war, slaughter) war Greek
8. K
KRÉŌN P son of Menoikeus Kreon Greek
9. L
LII MOS P Limos hunger Greek
10. L
LÚKOS P LÚKOS ("wolf") Lúkos (wolf) Greek
11. L
ΛΌΦΙΣ P In Haliartus there is a river Lophis (Λόφις). Lophis river Greek
12. M
MENIS P anger, wrath, fury. Initial word of the Iliad Mēnis Greek
13. M
METIS P Metis (personified by Athena) goddess of (Goddess) Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. First consort of the sky-god Zeus. Wisdom
14. M
MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas (king) Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
15. M
MILAS P Original capital of Caria. Milas (city) Greek
16. M
MILOS P Milos – volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Milos island Greek
Sea
17. M
MÌNAS P Μήνας (moon) moon Greek
18. M
MYNES P Mynes (mythology). Mynes, king of the city of Mynes Greek
Lyrnessus which was sacked by Achilles, who
there captured his wife, Briseis. Mynes was son
of King Evenus, son of Selepus.[2]
19. M
ΜΈΤRΙΟS P Metrios - moderate, average, mean mean Greek
20. M
ΜΥΗΘΟΣ P Virtue: temperance: mythos (belief in real Myth Greek
history) - word of “unknown origin”
21. P
PhYLAS P Φύλας Phýlas /Phylas- King of the Dryoper Phylas-name Greek
22. P
PINEoS - Pineios ; Greek: Πηνειός Pineios(river) Greek
23. P
PYLOS P Pylos - "Palace of Nestor" in Homer's Iliad. Pylos Greek
24. P
PYLOS P „seven-gated Thebes“ (Thebe Heptapylos) Gate Greek
PYLUS -- Pylus - member of the Aetolian royal family
25. P
PYREN(e) P Pyrene (Heuneburg); → Hekataios von Milet Pyrene Greek
26. P
ΠΑΣΙΦάη - Pasiphaë – Queen of Crete, married with Minos, Pasiphaë Greek
king of Crete
# P
27. P
ΦΡΎΝΗ P Φρύνη - Phryne Greek hetaira (courtesan). Phryne, name Greek
28. P
P POLIS P ancient Greek city-state, 1894, from Greek polis, city Greek
PTOLIS - ptolis "citadel, fort, city, .." from PIE *tpolh-
"citadel; .. high ground; hilltop"
29. S
SMILA P Smila (Σμίλα), the city Crusis, Herodotus. Smila (city) Greek
Histories. 7.123.
30. S
SOLYM(us) P Solym(us) (mountain) and Solym(us) (city) Solyma (city) Greek
31. T
ThEMIS P ThEMIS – (after METIS) second consort of Zeus Themis Greek
(ΘEMIΣ) P (justice)
32. T
ThÍVA(s) - Thebe (in Boeotia) (Greece) Thebe (city) Greek
Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]
33. T
ThYMOS P Courage (θυμός) soul, will , temper, mind courage Greek
34. T
ΘΊSΒE P Thisbe Θίσβη ΘΊΣΒΗ – Greek city Thisbe (city) Greek
The Greek vocabulary for pentagrams

Appendix 4 – The multiplied versions of the Lúkos pentagrams
Lycus (/ˈlaɪkəs/; Ancient Greek: Λύκος Lúkos, "wolf") is the name of multiple people in Greek
mythology36. In Greek mythology, Lycus or Lykos was a ruler of the ancient city of Ancient Thebes
(Boeotia). His rule was preceded by the regency of Nycteus and in turn, Lycus was succeeded by
the twins Amphion and Zethus.
Lycus (mythology)
The number of these names is 23:
1. LÚKOS, one of the Telchines[1] who fought under Dionysus in his Indian campaign.[2] He
is otherwise said to have erected a temple to Apollo Lycius on the banks of Xanthus river.[3]
2. LÚKOS, son of Prometheus and Celaeno, brother of Chimaerus. The brothers are said to
have had tombs in the Troad; they are otherwise unknown.[4]
3. LÚKOS of Athens, a wolf-shaped herο, whose shrine stood by the jurycourt, and the first
jurors were named after him.[5]
4. LÚKOS, an Egyptian prince as one of the sons of King Aegyptus. He suffered the same fate
as his other brothers, save Lynceus of Argos, when they were slain on their wedding night
by their wives who obeyed the command of their father King Danaus of Libya. Lycus was
the son of Aegyptus by Argyphia, a woman of royal blood and thus full brother of Lynceus,
Proteus, Enceladus, Busiris and Daiphron.[6] In some accounts, he could be a son of
Aegyptus either by Eurryroe, daughter of the river-god Nilus,[7] or Isaie, daughter of King
Agenor of Tyre.[8] Lycus married the Danaid Agave, daughter of Danaus and Europe.[6]
5. LÚKOS, son of Poseidon and Celaeno.[9]
6. LÚKOS, the "loudvoiced" satyr herald of Dionysus during the Indian War.[10] In secret
union, Hermes fathered him, Pherespondus and Pronomus, by Iphthime, daughter of Dorus.
[11] Eiraphiotes (i.e. Dionysus) entrusted to these three satyr brothers the dignity of 'the staff
of their wisdom-fostering father, the herald of heaven'.[12]
7. LÚKOS, son of Arrhetus and Laobie, who, together with his father and brothers, fought
under Deriades against Dionysus.[13]
8. LÚKOS, son of Pandion II and brother of King Aegeus of Athens.[14]
9. LÚKOS, son of Hyrieus and Clonia, and brother of Nycteus. He became the guardian of
Labdacus and Laius. Nycteus, unable to retrieve his daughter Antiope from Epopeus of
Sicyon, sent his brother Lycus to take her. He invaded Sicyon, killed Epopeus and gave
Antiope as a slave to his own wife, Dirce.[15]
10. LÚKOS, a descendant of the above Lycus, said to have usurped the power over Thebes.[16]
11. LÚKOS, son of Dascylus of Mysia or Mariandyne. He was hospitable towards the
Argonauts[17] and Heracles, who conquered the land of the Bebryces (Heraclea Pontica).
[18] He is apparently identical with the Lycus given as a son of Titias, brother of Priolaus
and eponym of a city.[19]
12. LÚKOS, same as Lycurgus (of Nemea).[20]
13. LÚKOS, the mortal lover of Coronis, mother of Asclepius.[21] He is otherwise commonly
known as Ischys, son of Elatus.
14. LÚKOS, a Thracian killed by Cycnus in single combat.[22]
36 Source: Lycus_(mythology)
15. LÚKOS, a centaur at the wedding of Pirithous and Hippodamia, was killed by Pirithous.[23]
16. LÚKOS, a defender of Thebes in the war of the Seven against Thebes.[24]
17. LÚKOS and Pernis are listed by Hyginus[25] as parents of Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, who
are otherwise known as sons of Ares and Astyoche.
18. LÚKOS, son of Ares and a Libyan king.[26]
19. LÚKOS, a Cretan princes as the son of King Idomeneus and Meda, probably the brother of
Orsilochus, Cleisithyra and Iphiclus. Together with the latter, they were slain by the usurper
Leucus.[27]
20. LÚKOS, one of the companions of Diomedes that were changed into birds in Italy[28]
21. LÚKOS, a lost companion of Aeneas[29]
22. LÚKOS, another companion of Aeneas, killed by Turnus.[30]
23. LÚKOS and Termerus were two notorious brigands in Caria.[31]
Lykos in rivers' names37

The following rivers are named LÚKOS (translated as “wolf”):
1. LÚKOS Lykos (Kilikien), an unidentified river to the Mediterranean Sea between Pyramos
(Ceyhan) and Pinaros (Payas Çayı or Deli Çayı) in Cilicia.
2. LÚKOS Lykos (Phrygien), a secondary river of the upper Meandros (Great Meander),
today: Çürüksu Çayı, near Laodikeia at Lykos
3. LÚKOS Lykos (Lydien), an unidentified secondary river of the Hyllus or directly the
Hermos (Gediz) in Lydia (İzmir/Manisa)
4. LÚKOS Lykos (Bithynien), an unidentified river to Pontus Euxeinos (the Black Sea) near
Heraclea Pontica
5. LÚKOS Lykos (Phrygien), a river in Phrygia, a secondary river of the upper Meandros
(Great Meander), today Çürüksu Çayı.
The name Lykos (LÚKOS) in Old Greek is documented for 6 rivers:
1. Kouris, a river to the Mediterranean sea at Cyprus (Cypros) near Kourion
2. Nahr al-Kalb, a river to the Mediterranean sea in Phoenicia (Libanon)
3. Kelkit Çayı, a river to Pontus Euxeinos (the Black Sea) near Nicopolis (Armenia)
4. Kalmius, a river to Palus Maeotis (the Asowic Sea) in Sarmatia (Ukraine)
5. Manytsch, a secondary river of the Tanais (Don) near the Thyssagetes (today's Southern
Russia)
6. Great Zab, a secondary river of the Tigris in Gordyene (Turkey)
37 Lykos_(Begriffsklärung) in German

Once Upon A Day The Word DINGIR (DIMER) Arose

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Once Upon A Day The Word DINGIR (DIMER) Arose

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Once upon a day the word

DINGIR (DIMER) arose...

Fig. 1: Dingir (Sumerian sky-god) – in the emesal dialect

The places of articulation

The Sanskrit alphabet

Fig. 2 The Sanskrit alphabet

5 The Architecture and History of the Eurasian Alphabets

Triad 1 Triad 2 Triad 3 Triad 4 Triad 5 Triad 6 Triad 7

The 2-dimensional table of the Hebrew alphabet

The 2-dimensional table of the Greek alphabet

row linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals #

The 2-dimensional table of the Latin alphabet

row linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals #

row lingual palatal labial guttural dental

10 Understand your Alphabet

Orders Aicme Beithe Aicme hÚatha Aicme Muine Aicme Ailme

11 (source:) Understand your Alphabet - The Introduction of a Number of Eurasian Alphabets

The two cardinal virtues in Germanic legends

Greek Core Pentagra Germanic God Description Personification in the

2 Metis Μῆτ ΜΗΗΤΙΣ WIT(ES) Wotan nymph Prudence (wisdom)

Overview of the pentagrams in 3 languages

English Greek Latin Germanic

Table 12 Pentagrams in Greek, Latin and Germanic languages

The earliest documented sky-god DINgIR

Fig. 3: Dingir (Sumerian sky-god) – pronounced as DIMER

Dingir (?, usually transliterated DIĜIR,[1] Sumerian pronunciation: [tiŋiɾ]) is a Sumerian

The four strokes in the Dingir symbol

The signs exemplary of these basic wedges are:

Table 13 Sumerian gods as pentagrams

For the goddess Diwia we may interpret a similar formula:

The Inventor of the Old-Persian Alphabet

Fig. 4 The inscription at the tomb is: D-Ā-Ra-Ya-Va-U-Š

The composition of the divine names Miθra and Mitra

27 List of Mycenaean deities

1500 BCE DIAUS PITAR DIAUS Dyaúh pitá Sanskrit

Table 15 The earliest documented European sky-god DI-WE

30 The Sumerian Pentagrams

Latin Germanic Greek Old Greek Virtues Day of the week

32 In Wikipedia there is no English version of the table

Appendix 1 – (~330) Publications of J. Richter in Scribd

January – December 2023 (12)

Project: The role of the pentagrams

January – December 2022 (75)

Project: The Paradises

Project: The cardinal Virtues

January – December 2021 (86)

Project: Frankish Name-giving

Project: alphabetic Arrays

Project: Periodic Tables for Signaries

Project: The Power Plants and Lightning Rods

January – December 2019 (56)

Project: Irrigation and Drainage, Atlantis

Project: The runic keywords

Project: The role of water-springs in Christening the Netherlands

Project: the Ugaritic alphabet

Januari – December 2018 (81)

Project: The philosophical Nous-Concept

Project: The mechanisms of the Christening concepts

Project: The deity Tiw

Project: The keyword FUT

Project: The Celtic Hair Bonnets

Project: The symbolism of the 7 planets

Project: The Hell-ways, Rue d'Enfer as the Deposits of Loess