The Search for the Fundamental

Pentagrams
Joannes Richter

# Pentagram P Information Definition Language

1.
D DIES - Dies – a very old nomen - Proto-Italic accusative Day Latin
D DIEÚS P singular *dijēm, itself stemming from the Proto-Indo- PIE
D ΔΙΕΎΣ European root *dyeu-, Διεύς Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek Διεύς (DIEÚS)
2.
P POTIS P powerful, able, capable; possible powerful Latin
P PATIS P husband Lithuanian
3.
P PATER - Pater - shares cognate roots with Old Latin father Latin
P PITER P Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), Latin Iuppiter
(“Jupiter”).
4.
D DJOUS P djous patēr- From Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Jūpiter Proto-Italic
PATĒR -
5.
D DIES- - Iuppiter, Iūpiter Jūpiter (classical,
PITER - Diespiter (djous patēr) Late Latin)
JU-PITER P

Table 1 The oldest perfect Latin pentagrams POTIS (“powerful”),

DEIUS (“day, sky”), PATIR or PITER and MODIR

Abstract
In my Latin dictionary1 the pentagrams POTIS / PATIS and DIEUS / DEIUS / DJOUS are defined
as “very old”. In this dictionary the authors do not use this label “very old” too often. Therefore I
decided to list a few pentagrams in the ““D*”-, P*”-, “M*” and “N*”-sections to scan the
dictionaries for other “very old” words.
The words POTIS and PATIS (in Latin and Lithuanian: powerful, able, capable; possible) correlate
to the root “P*T” for PATER (“Father”) and also PITER in Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), and Latin
Iuppiter (“Ju-piter”). Both words for the parents (Father “PITER” and Mother “MADIR”) correlate
to the patterns: labial -*- lingual -*- dental.
Usually the names for the sky-gods are defined as dual pentagrams for the sky-god and the label for
authority “Father”: DJOUS – PATĒR, respectively DIES-PITER, abbreviated to JU-PITER.
The oldest pentagrams may be DIEÚS, POTIS, PITER, MADIR.
For most of the PIE-languages a synchronized alphabet (respectively the signaries for runes) may
display the sky-god's name in one of the pentagrams. The display is activated at the 2 nd row in the
Latin alphabet, at the 3rd row of the Elder Futhark and at the 4th row of the Ogham signary.
The perfect pentagrams may be interpreted as the most important words for languages, such as the
divine names, the sky, the planets and authority.

1 Latijn – Woordenboek L-N, by F. Muller & Dr. E.H. Renkema (1928, J.B. Wolters)
The archaic Pentagrams DIEÚS, POTIS, PITER, MADIR
In the Online Etymology Dictionary the “Potis”-entry is described as follows:
Proto-Indo-European root meaning "powerful; lord."

It forms all or part of: ; compos mentis; despot; hospodar; host (n.1) "person who
receives guests;" idempotent; impotent; omnipotent; pasha; plenipotentiary; posse;
possess; possible; potence; potency; potent; potentate; potential; potentiate;
potentiometer; power; totipotent.

*POTI- is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit
PATIH "master, husband;" Greek POSIS, Lithuanian PATIS "husband;" Latin POTIS
"powerful, able, capable; possible."2

These words correlate to the words for Father. Most of the names for the PIE-names DIAUS (Dyáuṣ
Pitṛ)ṛ , LIBER for the sky-god are labeled with the “father”-extension.
The words POTIS and PATIS (in Latin and Lithuanian: powerful, able, capable; possible) are
labeled “very old”. These words correlate to the root PAT for PATER (“Father”) and also PITER in
Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), and Latin Iuppiter (“Ju-piter”).
In my Latin dictionary3 the words PATIS / POTIS (“powerful”) and DIEUS / DEIUS (“day, sky”)
are labeled “very old”. Also the words for the parents (PATIR / PITER resp. MADIR / MODIR) are
archaic words.
The roots for the words PATIS (or POTIS) and PATIR (respectively PITER) correlate in the pattern
of the consonants: (P-*-T-*-S) labial, linguals, dental. Both words for the parents (Father “PITER”
and Mother “MADIR”) correlate to the patterns: labial -*- linguals -*- dental.
The power for the parents (PATIR / PITER resp. MADIR / MODIR) may be enhanced by the
POTIS-pattern: labial -*- linguals -*- dental.
At the top of the archaic hierarchy we may find the symbolized “power” PATIS (or POTIS), which
in Latin is inherited to the sky-god DIES-PITER, abbreviated to JU-PITER.
The parental authority is symbolized in the parental pentagrams (PATIR / PITER resp. MADIR /
MODIR), which for the father are also included in the sky-god's name.

Fig. 1 Archaic pentagrams: POTIS (“powerful”),

DEIUS (“day, sky”), PATIR or PITER and MODIR

2 *poti- - Online Etymology Dictionary

3 Latijn – Woordenboek L-N, by F. Muller & Dr. E.H. Renkema (1928, J.B. Wolters)
The synchronized alphabet
For most of the PIE-languages a synchronized alphabet (respectively the signaries for runes) may
display the sky-god's name in one of the pentagrams. The display is activated at the 2 nd row in the
Latin alphabet, at the 3rd row of the Elder Futhark and at the 4th row of the Ogham signary.
This may be verified in the following 2-dimensional tables for the Latin alphabet ThIEWS, the
Elder Futhark (TIAEWS) and the Ogham signary (TIEUX)4:

For this functionality the alphabets will have to be structured as follows:

total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21-26
C Ϝ I V,U,W,
Latin 26 A B DE Z HÞ K LM N O P s QR S T
G V J X,Y,Z
Table 2 The categorization of the Latin alphabet

Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Elder ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ᚷ ᚹ ᚺ ᚾ ᛁ ᛃ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ ᛏ ᛒ ᛖ ᛗ ᛚ ᛜ ᛟ ᛞ
Futhark F U Þ A R K G W H N I J Æ P Z S T B E M L Ŋ O D
ætts "Freyr's ætt" "Hagal's ætt" Tyr's ('Mars') ætt
Table 3 The categorization and order for the Elder Futhark signary (24 symbols)

Aicme Beithe hÚatha Muine Ailme (vowels)

Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ogham signary B L N F/V S H D T C Q M G NG SS R A O U Ε I

Table 4 The categorization and order for the Ogham signary (20 symbols)
and additionally the forfeda : CH, TH, P, Ph, X-SK, and/or EA, OI, UI, IA, AE.
The letters may be inserted in their alphabetical order in the correct columns of the 2-dimensional
tables.

4 Source: The Origin of the Futhark, Ogham and Gothic Runes

The pentagrams in the Latin Alphabet
Choosing one dedicated language to analyze the linguistic pentagrams for all languages is a rather
difficult matter. Each language has its own deteriorating phases, which may have concentrated on
special dedicated sectors.
Right now I felt like Newton who said he felt like walking on a beach and turning around each
pebble. And indeed each word had to be inspected in how far it may have been a genuine
pentagram.
As an example I felt disappointed at the analysis of the Roman gods in the days of the weeks,
because none of the names could be identified as genuine pentagrams. Obviously the names in
French Names of the days of the week (dimanche, lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi)
had been deteriorated badly.

The reconstruction of the pentagrams for the days of the week

The best-fit pentagrams for the planets may be derived from the days of the week. These perfect
pentagrams are varying between Latin and Germanic names. They may be reconstructed by
composing the best-fit pentagrams.
Days of the week Greek Planet Pentagrams Pentagrams
Diēs Alternatives God P.-gram. Latin Etruscan Germanic
Sōlis Sunna/Sól day ἭΛΙΟΣ ELIUS Sun SAUIL SAUIL SUINA
(ἭLIOS) SAULI SUNIA
Lūnae Máni's day Selene SILUNA Moon MANIS MANIS MONIS

Mārtis Tiw's-day Ares ARIUT Mars MARTI MAR(T)IS TIWAS TIVAR

Ziostag (MARIS) (TIW)
Mercuriī Wo(d)ensday Hermes ERMIN Mercury MERCT WONIS WODIZ
Iovis Þunor's day Zeus DJEÚS Jupiter DJOUS ÞUR ÞOR
Veneris Freyd's day Aphrodite AFRID Venus VENISE FREYD FRIED
Sāturnī (C)Rod's day Cronus CRONU Saturn KRONU CRODU CRUDO

Table 5 (Imagined) Pentagrams for the days of the week

These words are pentagrams, which are composed from the 5 standard categories. The table is
composed as best-fit pentagrams by my own fantasy. Even if there seem to be a piece of evidence
these names may be pure illusions.
In fact all these words may represent several or all sky-gods as a pantheon. This may be confusing,
but the names were managed by the druids and wizards or priests.
The letters of the pentagrams may be reordered to produce new names as long as the 5 categories
remain represented. There seem to be no limits in exchanging the symbols. I studied the etymology
of the 7 planets and the Names of the days of the week to check some of the naming conventions.
The pentagrams ELIUS / SAUIL for the Sun
The Greek word ἭΛΙΟΣ (ἭLIOS) may be interpreted as a pentagram ELIUS in which the O is
replaced by a U. In contrast in Germanic languages the sun may have been defined as SAULI or
SAUIL in the Lithuanian respectively Gothic languages, which still may be identified in the modern
French word SOLEIL.
Sól (Old Norse "Sun")[1] or Sunna (Old High German, and existing as an Old Norse
and Icelandic synonym: see Wiktionary sunna, "Sun") is the Sun personified in
Germanic mythology. 5

Scholars have proposed that Sól, as a goddess, may represent an extension of an earlier
Proto-Indo-European deity due to Indo-European linguistic connections between Norse
Sól, Sanskrit Surya, Common Brittonic Sulis, Lithuanian Saulė (SAULI), Latin Sol, and
Slavic Tsar Solnitse (SOLNITSE).[18]

The pentagrams SIUNA / MANIS for the Moon

The Proto-Indo-European *MĒNSIS for “month” correlates to the Moon respectively the pentagram
MANIS and Selene to SILUNA.
The usual English proper name for Earth's natural satellite is simply the Moon, with a
capital M. The noun moon is derived from Old English mōna, which (like all its
Germanic cognates) stems from Proto-Germanic *mēnōn,[20] which in turn comes from
Proto-Indo-European *MĒNSIS "month"[21] (from earlier *MĒNŌT, genitive
*mēneses) which may be related to the verb "measure" (of time).[22]

Occasionally, the name LUNA is used in scientific writing and especially in science
fiction to distinguish the Earth's moon from others, while in poetry "LUNA" has been
used to denote personification of the Moon. Selene is the Greek goddess of the Moon6.

The etymology of Selene is uncertain, but if the name is of Greek origin, it is likely connected to the
word selas (σέλας), meaning "light".[7]
Just as Helios, from his identification with Apollo, is called Phoebus ("bright"), Selene, from her
identification with Artemis, is also commonly referred to by the epithet Phoebe (feminine form).[8]
The original Phoebe of Greek mythology is Selene's aunt, the Titaness mother of Leto and Asteria,
and grandmother of Apollo, Artemis, and Hecate. Also from Artemis, Selene was sometimes called
"CYNThIA".[9] 7

5 Sól (Germanic mythology)

6 Name and etymology of the Moon
7 Selene
The pentagrams MARTI / ARIUT for Mars
A suitable Germanic pentagram may be ARIUT, which correlates to the Greek war-god Ares.
From Middle High German er(ge)tac, from Old High German *ariōtag, from Gothic
*arjaus dags, a calque of Ancient Greek (ἡμέρα) ᾸᾸ ṛρεως ((hēméra) Áreōs, “(day of)
Ares”). Cognate with Cimbrian èrtag, Mòcheno eirta, Bavarian ertach. 8

In Latin the labial M is used to compose the Etruscan name Maris to MAR(T)IS, which has lost the
labial M, but moved the central T to the end of ARIUT. To complete the pentagram ARIUT
replaced this M by a U in ARIUT.
The Latin naming for Mars may have been quite complicated. In the Latin name for the day of the
week “MARTIS DIES” an “I” completed the root MARS of the name. This “I” is also found in the
Etruscan deity Maris (MARIS).
From Old Latin Māvors, from Proto-Italic *Māwortis. Mamers was his Oscan name. He
was also known as Marmor, Marmar and Maris, the latter from the Etruscan deity Maris
(MARIS).9

From the day of the week the Latin name MARTI would be next to ARIUT a genuine perfect
pentagram for Mars.

The pentagram ERMIN / WODIZ for Mercury

The pentagram ERMIN may be suitable as a perfect pentagram for HERMES / Mercury.
The pentagram WODIZ is the best-fit pentagram for the Germanic name Woden.
Saxo Grammaticus uses the form Ōthinus for the Norse god Odin, which is from Old
Norse Óðinn. Morphologically, the second n of Óðinn (ÓÐINN) is parallel to Latin
-us.10

The Proto-Germanic name is a 5-letter word *wōdaz WODAZ, but for a pentagram the “I” is
missing. The name “WODIZ” would be a genuine perfect pentagram for Woden.

The pentagram DIOVS for Jupiter

In Latin we know how the sky-god's name IU-piter has been composed. The French name JEUDI
may have been derived from JOV(E)S-day or (D)IOVS-day. The “D” is inherited from DJOUS, but
was lost in deterioration. The pentagram DIOVS would be a fine pentagram for Jupiter.

The pentagram VENIS for Venus

In Latin the name VENUS is close to a perfect pentagram. The city's name Old French Venise
(VENISE11) is a suitable pentagram for Venus:
From Middle English Venyse, from Old French Venise or Old Italian, from Medieval
Latin Venetia, from Latin Veneti, an ancient (possibly Illyrian) tribe.

8 Source: Ertag
9 Source: Etymology in Mars#Latin
10 Source: Odinus#Latin
11 Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)
The pentagram SĀTURNI or CRONU, KRONU, CRODU or CRUDO for Saturn
Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. The Romans named
Saturday SĀTURNI diēs ("Saturn's Day") no later than the 2nd century for the planet
Saturn, which controlled the first hour of that day, according to Vettius Valens.[1][2]

The day's name was introduced into West Germanic languages and is recorded in the
Low German languages such as Middle Low German SATER(s)dach, Middle Dutch
saterdag (Modern Dutch ZATERdag) and Old English Sætern(es)dæġ and SÆTERdæġ.
[6] In Old English. 12

The pentagrams for Saturn may based on SĀTURNI, but also on (C)Rod's day, with a reference to
the Greek name Cronus, which may be represented by a pentagram CRONU, KRONU, CRODU or
CRUDO.

12 Source: Saturday
The “D*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams
The “D*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams contains the most relevant words for the ancient Latin
pentagrams. Usually these words are perfect pentagrams 13 with patterns: lingual-palatal-guttural-
labial- dental or lingual-guttural-palatal-labial-dental.
In my Latin dictionary14 the roots DIEUS for the Latin word DIES are labeled “very old”. In the
symbolism of the pentagrams the vowels' order ( DIEUS or DEIUS) may have been relatively
irrelevant (compared to DIVES). Also the gutturals “E” and “O” may be exchanged (in DIEUS and
DJOUS) as these vowels belong to the same category. Additionally to the divine name the
pentagram DECUS (glory) also uses a pentagram's pattern and most letters like DEIUS (God, Deus).
The pentagram-structure probably may maximize the glory and honor for the word DECUS, which
may be nearly as glorious as DEIUS (God, Deus).
# Pentagram P Information Definition Language
1.
D DECUS P Decus - From Proto-Italic *dekos (“dignity”), from Glory, Latin
Proto-Indo-European *déḱos (“that which is proper”) honor
honor, glory , pride, dignity , grace, splendor, dignity
beauty splendor
2.
D De-DECUS P dēdecus : dē (“away”) + decus (“glory, honor..). Disgrace Latin
3.
D DE(I)US P deus – from *dyew- (“sky, heaven”), (from Old Latin God, Latin
deivos, from Proto-Italic *deiwos ) Deus
4.
D DEIV(O)S - Deius (Divus) - From Proto-Italic *deiwos god, deity Early Latin
5.
D DEIWOS - *deiwos - from Proto-Indo-European *deywós. Deiwos Proto-Italic
6.
D DIES - Dies – a very old nomen - Proto-Italic accusative Day Latin
D DIEÚS P singular *dijēm, itself stemming from the Proto-Indo- PIE
D ΔΙΕΎΣ European root *dyeu-, Διεύς Ancient
Ancient Greek Διεύς (DIEÚS) Greek
7.
D DIEUS P Dieus – Dieu Proto-Italic
alternative for Dieu Old Occitan
8.
D *DJOUS P day, sky, Jupiter day, sky, Proto-Italic
9. Jūpiter
D DJOUS P djous patēr- From Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws.
PATĒR - Jūpiter
10.
D JU-PITER - Iuppiter, Iūpiter Jūpiter (classical,
DIES- - Diespiter (djous patēr) Late Latin)
PITER P
11.
D DI(O)US P Dius Fidius (Dius Filius) - a god of oaths associated god of Latin
FIDIUS - with Jupiter. oaths
12.
D DIVES P Dīvēs - rich rich Latin
13.
D DIVUS - Divine, godlike – from the same source as deus. Divine Latin
godlike

Table 6 The “D*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams

13 Perfect pentagrams are labeled with a “P” at the 4th column.

14 Latijn – Woordenboek L-N, by F. Muller & Dr. E.H. Renkema (1928, J.B. Wolters)
The “L*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams
The “L*”-section of the Latin alphabets contains a number of perfect pentagrams: LACUS, LAIUS,
LAPIS, LAXUS, LEVIS, LIBER, LIBRA, LIMES, LIVOR, LOCUS, LUCAR, LUXOR, LYÆUS.
The name LIBER ("the free one", also known as LIBER PATER ("the free Father") also describes
the patron deity of Rome's plebeians.

# Pentagram P Information Definition Language

1.
L LACUS P Lacus - "opening, hole, pool, lake" lake Latin
From Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European
*lókus (“lake, pool”).
2.
L LAIUS P Laius - Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λάϊος (Láïos). Laius Latin
(Greek mythology) Laius
The father of Oedipus and husband of Jocasta
3.
L LAPIS P Lapis - a stone; May be connected with Ancient stone Latin
Greek λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”)
4.
L LAXUS P Laxus - From Proto-Indo-European *slǵ-so (“weak, wide , free Latin
faint”).
5.
L LEVIS P Levis - light, not heavy light Latin
6.
L LIBER P Liber - free, independent, free, Latin
From Old Latin loeber, from Proto-Italic *louðeros independent,
LIBER PATER ("the free Father") is a patron deity of "the free
Rome's plebeians Father"
7.
L LIBRA P Lībra - A balance, pair of scales Scales, Latin
the Roman pound Roman pound
8.
L LIMES P Limes - limit, border, path. limit, border Latin
From līmus (“askew”). See also līmen.
9.
L LIVOR P Livor - A bruise, a blueish color, envy bruise Latin
10.
L LOCUS P Locus - From older stlocus place, spot Latin
11.
L LUCAR P Lucar - From lūcus (“wood”). forest tax Latin
A forest tax for the support of players
12.
L LUXOR P Luxor – luxor (verb) to riot, revel, live luxuriously to riot, revel, Latin
live in luxury
13.
L LYÆUS P Lyaeus - The god of wine [Latin: Dionȳsus] Dionȳsus Latin
Bacchus
Table 7: The “L*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams

Luxor
LUXOR, āri, v. dep15. luxus, to riot, revel, live luxuriously: luxantur a luxu dictum, id est
luxuriantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 120 Mull.; cf. Non. 55, 15: luxantur, lustrantur, Plaut. Ps. 4,
7, 5 Fleck.

15 In linguistics, a Deponent verb is a verb that is active in meaning but takes its form from a different voice, most
commonly the middle or passive.
The “M*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams
The “M*”-section of the Latin alphabets contains a small number of perfect pentagrams: MIDAS,
MILES, MINOS, MIThRA(S) and MITRA. The Latin word “MATĒR” for “Mother” does not contain a
palatal letter and cannot be categorized as a perfect pentagram. The word MINO(S)-TAUR
(Minotaur) may be based on an abbreviated name MINOS.
# Pentagram P Information Definition Language
1.
M MANUS - Manus (noun) - From Proto-Italic *manus,.. hand Latin
2.
M MANUS - mānus (adjective) good Old Latin
M MANIS P mānis
3.
M MAVORS - Māvors - Mars, the god of war. Mars Old Latin
4.
M MAWORTIS - From Old Latin Māvors, from Proto-Italic Mars Proto-Italic
M MARTIUS - *Māwortis. Mamers was his Oscan name. He was Old Latin
M MARIS - also known as Marmor, Marmar and Maris, the Etruscan
latter from the Etruscan deity Maris.
5.
M MATRIX - uterus, womb, origin From māter (“mother”). origin Latin
6.
M MED(D)IX - Meddix - From Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to advisor Latin
give advice, heal”).
7.
M MELDI - Meldī - tribe of Gallia Lugdunensis, town Meaux Meldī Latin
8.
M MIDAS P Phrygian king-from Ancient Gr. Μίδας (Mídas). Mídas Greek
9.
M MILES P mīles (“soldier”). (As a surname from Michael) Mídas Latin
Etymology unknown. Possibly of Etruscan origin. surname
10.
M MINAX - Minax - overhanging (jutting out), threatening threatening Latin
11.
M MINOS P first king of Crete, a son of Zeus by Europa Minos Latin
12.
M MINO - - Minotaur , half man and half bull, who dwelled in Minotaur Latin
TAUR the labyrinth in Crete
13.
M MINUÆ - Minyans - inhabiting the Aegean region Minyans Latin
14.
M MIRUS - From Proto-Italic *smeiros, from Proto-Indo- smile Latin
M (S)MEIROS - European *sméyros (“laughing, smiling”), from Swedish
S SMILE P *smey- (“to laugh, to be glad”). Cognate with English
Sanskrit सर (sméra), Swedish smila (“to SMILE”),
Old English smerian (“to laugh at”), Old English
smercian, smearcian (“to smile”), smile. SMILE
15.
M MIThRA(S) P Mithra - Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) of Mithra Avestan
covenant, light, and oath
16.
M MITRA P Mitra_(Hindu_god) Mitrá Sanskrit
μίτρα, mítra (Ionic μίτρη, mítrē) is Greek, a piece Mitra Greek
of armour, around the waist and under a cuirass,
17.
M MODUS - From Proto-Italic *modōs, from PIEuropean *mod- mode Latin
ōs (“measure”), from *med- (“to measure”).[1]
18.
M MORINI - Morini - A tribe of Gallia Belgica Morini Latin

Table 8 The “M*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams

The “N*”- sections of the Latin Pentagrams
The “N*”-section of the Latin alphabets contains a small number of pentagrams: NABIS, NAVIS,
FASTI, NUGOR, NUGOR.

# Pentagram P Information Definition Language

1.
N NABIS P Nabis - Nabis, tyrant of Sparta Nabis Latin
2.
N NARYX (?) - Νάρυξ (Nárux) town of Locris,birthplace v. Ajax Nárux Latin
3.
N NAVIS P Nāvis- ship or nave (middle or body of a church) ship Latin
4.
N (NE-)FASTI P (NE-)FASTI days are forbidden days forbidden Latin
5.
F FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Dies Fasti Latin
6.
N NEBUL(A) - Nebula - Ancient Greek νέφος (néphos) cloud Latin
7.
N NUGOR P nugor-I jest, trifle, play the fool, talk nonsense I trifle Latin
8.
N NUPTA - Nupta - a married woman; wife wife Latin

Table 9 The “N*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams

The “O*”- sections of the Latin Pentagrams

The “N*”-section of the Latin alphabets contains a small number of pentagrams OCNUS and
OMNIS.
# Pentagram P Information Definition Language
1.
O OCNUS P Ocnus – king of Alba Longa. He founded Ocnus Latin
modern Mantua in honor of his mother.[1]
2.
O OMNIS P Omnis - all, a word of unknown origin all Latin
Table 10 The “O*”-sections of the Latin Pentagrams

Omnis
In the https://www.etymonline.com – site the word omni- is a root of unknown origin. Maybe it is
just a perfect pentagram.
From Proto-Italic *opnis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-ni-s (“working”), from the
verbal root *h₃ep- (“to work”, and hence “to possess”). Related to ops and opus. 16

omni-
word-forming element meaning "all," from Latin omni-, combining form of OMNIS
"all, every, the whole, of every kind," a word of unknown origin, perhaps literally
"abundant," from *op-ni-, from PIE root *op- "to work, produce in abundance."17

16 Source: omnis
17 https://www.etymonline.com/word/omni-
The “P*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams
The “P*”-section of the Latin alphabet seems to contain one of the oldest pentagrams.
The words POTIS and PATIS (in Latin and Lithuanian: powerful, able, capable; possible) are
labeled “very old”. These words correlate to the root PAT for PATER (“Father”) and also PITER in
Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), respectively Latin Iuppiter (“Ju-piter”).
The “P*”-section of the Latin alphabets contains a small number of pentagrams: PARThI, PARTUS,
PITER, PEDIS , PENIS, POTIS.

# Pentagram P Information Definition Language

1.
P PALOR - Palor - I wander up and down or about, straggle, disperse Latin
stray , I am dispersed.
2.
P PANIS P Panis – bread; Of uncertain origin bread Latin
3.
P PARThI P Parthi - the Parthians, a Scythian people, Parthians Latin
4.
P PARTUS - Partus – born; A birth, delivery. birth Latin
5.
P PATER - Pater - shares cognate roots with Old Latin father Latin
P PITER P Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), Latin Iuppiter
(“Jupiter”).
6.
P PEDIS P Pĕdis - Louse louse Latin
7.
P PENIS P Penis - (archaic) tail - From Proto-Italic *pesnis, tail Latin
from Proto-Indo-European *pes-ni-s.
8.
P POTIS P powerful, able, capable; possible powerful Latin
P PATIS P husband Lithuanian
9.
P POENUS - Punic Phoenix Greek
P PhOINIKS - Phoenix
10.
P POLUS - Polus - From Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos, “axis pole Latin
of rotation”).
11.
P PRÆSTUS - Praesto - ready ready Latin
Table 11: The “P*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams
The “T*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams
The “T*”-section of the Latin alphabet contains a few perfect pentagrams: TAGUS, TAURI,
TEGUS, ThURIÆ.
The pentagram TEGUS is an old Latin word for the back, which may be related to the spine
(SPINA).

# Pentagram P Information Definition Language

1.
T TAGUS P Tagus longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. Tagus Latin
2.
T TAURI P Tauri - an ancient people of the southern Crimea Tauri Latin
3.
T TEGUS P Tegus (Plautus) → tergus, tergum back Latin
TERGUS - Source: What does tergum mean in Latin?)
TERGUM -
4.
T ThEBAE - Thebes (/ˈθiːbz/; Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]; Ancient Thebes Latin
Greek: Θῆβαι, Thêbai [tʰɛɛ ːbaii ][2]) is a city in Boeotia,
Thebes, Egypt, capital of Egypt
5.
T ThORAX - From Latin thorax, from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, chest, thorax Latin
“a breastplate, cuirass, corslet”).
6.
T ThURIÆ P Thurii called also by some Latin writers Thurium for a Thuriae Latin
time also Copia and Copiae, was a city of Magna
Graecia, situated on the Tarentine gulf, within a short
distance of the site of Sybaris, whose place it may be
considered as having taken.
7.
T ThUYS - Thys, auch Thuys u. ---t Othys, paphlagon. Fürst 58, Thuys (king) Latin
60, A. 25 - Tabula Imperii Byzantini Paphlagonien ... -
Researchgate
8.
T ThYIAS - Thyia (Ancient Greek: Θυία Thuia derived from the verb Thyia (naiad) Latin
θύω "to sacrifice") - naiad
9.
T ThYNI - Thyni - a Thracian tribe at Thynia . Thyni (tribe) Latin
10.
T ThYBRIS - Thybris - (poetic) The Tiber River Tiber River Latin
After Ancient Greek Θύβρις (Thúbris)
11.
T TIBUR - Tibur - A town in Latium, seated on the Anio; modern Tibur Latin
Tivoli. The etymology is dubious; possibly from Proto-Italic (Tivoli)
*teiba, or borrowed from Sabine tēba (“hill”). Or could be
related to Tiberis and the praenomen Tiberius.[1] In Roman
lore, the city was said to have been named for Tīburtus, son of
the city's founder Catillus.
12.
T TIMON - Timon of Athens Timon Latin

Table 12 The “T*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams

Pentagrams as a Protection against Linguistic Erosion
Just the other day I reread Guy Deutscher's book “The Unfolding Of Language”, in which the
author describes the linguistic erosion.
There are two sorts of pentagrams. There are archaic pentagrams, which had been designed as
representatives of sacred symbols such as DIAUS PITAR and needed protection against linguistic
erosion. The early documentation protected both DIAUS PITAR against erosion.
Another family of pentagrams contains new words such as RIVAL, which derived from another
word (“river”) and occasionally mutated to a pentagram. These pentagrams do not need protection
against linguistic erosion.
European pentagrams such as (*DJOUS PATĒR and the Old Norse TIVAR) deteriorated by erosion
before they were documented and lost their pentagram shape. Their names JU-PITER respectively
TIW are well-known. Jupiter even preserved the genuine pentagram shape in the word PITER
(“Father”), which was lost in the Latin word PATER for father.
In “The Unfolding of Language” Guy Deutscher describes Saussures hypothesis of the singular
vowel “E” in the PIE-verbs, which as an exception for the word “father”, which was to be written
with a letter “A”.
One example that Saussure mentioned was the root PĀ or PĀS (“protect”), which is
found in Sanskrit PĀTAR (“protector”) or Latin PĀSTOR (“shepherd”). Roots like PĀS
did not show the the expected core vowel “E” in any of their attested forms, but on the
other hand they did not show a “rogue sound” like “W”, which could be held
responsible for “coloring” the E to A18.

The pentagrams allowed two versions for the word FATHER: an “I” for the first or for the last
vowel in the Sanskrit version PITAR, PITOR or PITER, respectively the Old Norse version FAÐIR,
FEÐIR or FOÐIR.

18 “The Unfolding Of Language”, Guy Deutscher , page 105

Summary
In my Latin dictionary19 the pentagrams POTIS / PATIS and DIEUS / DEIUS / DJOUS are defined
as “very old”. In this dictionary the authors do not use this label “very old” too often. Therefore I
decided to list a few pentagrams in the ““D*”-, P*”-, “M*” and “N*”-sections to scan the
dictionaries for other “very old” words.
The words POTIS and PATIS (in Latin and Lithuanian: powerful, able, capable; possible) correlate
to the root “P*T” for PATER (“Father”) and also PITER in Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), and Latin
Iuppiter (“Ju-piter”). Both words for the parents (Father “PITER” and Mother “MADIR”) correlate
to the patterns: labial -*- lingual -*- dental.
Usually the names for the sky-gods are defined as dual pentagrams for the sky-god and the label for
authority “Father”: DJOUS – PATĒR, respectively DIES-PITER, abbreviated to JU-PITER.
The oldest pentagrams may be DIEÚS, POTIS, PITER, MADIR.
For most of the PIE-languages a synchronized alphabet (respectively the signaries for runes) may
display the sky-god's name in one of the pentagrams. The display is activated at the 2 nd row in the
Latin alphabet, at the 3rd row of the Elder Futhark and at the 4th row of the Ogham signary.
The perfect pentagrams may be interpreted as the most important words for languages, such as the
divine names, the sky, the planets and authority.

19 Latijn – Woordenboek L-N, by F. Muller & Dr. E.H. Renkema (1928, J.B. Wolters)
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
The archaic Pentagrams DIEÚS, POTIS, PITER, MADIR.................................................................2
The synchronized alphabet...................................................................................................................3
The pentagrams in the Latin Alphabet..................................................................................................4
The reconstruction of the pentagrams for the days of the week......................................................4
The pentagrams ELIUS / SAUIL for the Sun.............................................................................5
The pentagrams SIUNA / MANIS for the Moon........................................................................5
The pentagrams MARTI / ARIUT for Mars...............................................................................6
The pentagram ERMIN / WODIZ for Mercury..........................................................................6
The pentagram DIOVS for Jupiter..............................................................................................6
The pentagram VENIS for Venus................................................................................................6
The pentagram SĀTURNI or CRONU, KRONU, CRODU or CRUDO for Saturn..................7
The “D*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams......................................................................................8
The “L*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams......................................................................................9
Luxor...........................................................................................................................................9
The “M*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams...................................................................................10
The “N*”- sections of the Latin Pentagrams ................................................................................11
The “O*”- sections of the Latin Pentagrams ................................................................................11
Omnis........................................................................................................................................11
The “P*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams....................................................................................12
The “T*”-section of the Latin Pentagrams....................................................................................13
Pentagrams as a Protection against Linguistic Erosion......................................................................14
Summary.............................................................................................................................................15
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................17
Appendix 1 - The (incomplete) overview of perfect pentagrams..................................................17
Appendices
Appendix 1 - The (incomplete) overview of perfect pentagrams
According to a comment to the Sefer Yetzirah the letters in the Hebrew alphabet had been
categorized according to 5 categories, which are based on the 5 phonetic sources where the human
voice is generating the phonetic sounds.
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4,
paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew
alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph ( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (
‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the tongue with the opening of
the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial sounds] made by the release of the lips
and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬, yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by
the width of the tongue [against the palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬,
ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau (‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with
the [emission of] sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental
sounds] produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest. 20”

The following dictionary documents a number (~188) of perfect pentagrams in various languages.
Only a subset of these words have been composed as pentagrams. Other words unintentionally may
have turned into pentagrams.

The words from the Latin dictionary are not yet updated in the following table:
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
1. A
AGNUS P agnus, Agnus Dei - (Noun) A lamb, especially Lamb Latin
one used as a sacrifice.
2. A
AMRIT P Amrit - a Phoenician port located near present- Amrit Punic (?)
day Tartus in Syria.
3. A
AMRIT P Nectar, s. AMṚTAṂ in Amrit – Yogawiki nectar Sanskrit
4. A
ANGUS P Angus Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Angus Scottish
Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice". In Irish
myth, Aonghus was the god of love and youth.
5. A
APRIL P fourth month, AUERIL, from Latin (mensis) april (month), English
AVRIL P Aprilis 2nd Month Old French
6. A
ARJUN(A) P Kern: Arjun Arjuna Sanskrit
7. A
A ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
8. A
AULIS P Aulis From Ancient Greek Αὐλίς (Aulís). Ancient Aulis (port) Latin
port-town, located in Boeotia in central Greece
9. B
BÆTIS P Baetis, a river (Guadalquivir) in Spain Guadalquivir Latin
10. B
BATIR P Batir beat Spanish
11. B
BINZA P binza Pellicle Spanish
12. B
BISEL P bisel bezel Spanish
13. B
BISON P from Latin bison "wild ox," bison Latin

20 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology (quoted in The Composition of the Sky-God's Name in PIE-Languages)
 #
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
14. B
BÔZINE - Dialect: bôzine ‘landlady’. (bazin) landlady French
15. B
BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
16. B
BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed Brian Irish
from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
17. B
B BÂTIR P bastir "build, construct, sew up, baste, make to build French
BASIN P baste (v.2) - Water vessel (of unknown origin) basin English
18. B
B BRAIN P Brain, brein; of uncertain origin, evt. van fr. PIE Brain Dutch
BREIN P root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
19. B
B BRIDE P Bride – Old-Frisian BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Dutch
B
BREID P English
BRUID - Old-Frisian
20. B
P BREChT P splendid (Brecht) splendid Dutch
B
PRAChT P Brecht (pronoun) bright Germanic
BRIGHT - bright (splendid) English
21. B
P BESIN P king Bisinus ( BESIN in Frankish) Thuringian Dutch
B
B
PISΕN P PISΕN in Lombard king Frankisch
BASIN(A) P Basina, the queen of Thuringia (5th century). Basina v. Lombard
BAZIN P woman in charge Thuringia Thuringian
woman in
charge
22. C
CĀNUS cānus (canus): grey, old, aged, venerable gray-haired Latin
23. C
CHURL P Churl (ceorl or CHURL), lowest rank of Churl English
freemen). (freeman)
24. C
CHURN P Churn Churn English
25. C
CROWN P "crown" – from Latin corona crown English
26. D
(D)JOUR - Jour day French
27. D
DECUS P Decus - deeds of honor, Grace, splendor, beauty. decus Latin
Honor, distinction, glory. Pride, dignity.
28. D
DIAUS P Dyáuṣ Pitṛṛ Sky-Father Sanskrit
29. D
DIÉU(S) P Dieu God French
30. D
DIVES P dives rich, wealthy Latin
31. D
DIVUS - Divine, godlike – from the same source as deus. Divine Latin
godlike
32. D
DYEUS P *Dyeus DIEUS PIE
33. E
ELPIS P Elpis hope Greek
34. E
ERIDU P Eridu is the first city in the world by the ancient Eridu ?
Sumerians
35. E
ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) (H)ERMÏN – Latin
(ARMIN) Herman
36. F
FAÐIR P faðir Father Old-Norse
37. F
FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti Latin
38. F
FĒLIS P Felis – cat, fret cat Latin
 #
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
39. F
FELIZ P feliz (happy) feliz Spanish
40. F
FESTI P Festī, Festî - ‘strength, power, document’ (veste) fort Ohd.
41. F
FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” ‘running’; bicycle Dutch
etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
42. F
FINAR P finar to die Spanish
43. F
FRANC P Frank free Dutch
FRANK P
44. F
S FIDES P Fides, (confidence, trust)21 Fides Dutch
F
ΣΦΊΔΗ P σφίδη (sphídē). σφίδη Latin
BIDDEN - Old English: BIDDAN "to ask, beg, pray” (sphídē). Old Greek
to ask, beg,
pray
45. G
GAUTR P Runen-Sprachschatz (Runic dictionary,German) wise man Icelandic
46. G
GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) Family, Latin
pedigree
47. H
S (HI)SPANIA - Spain Spain Spanish
S
SPAIN P English
SPANIA - Phoenician
48. I
IOU-piter – Jupiter (D)IOU(S) JOU-piter Latin
*DJOUS P (*DJOUS PATĒR)
49. I
ISLAM P Islam – "submission [to God]" Islam English
50. I
ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones ISTÆV – Latin
51. I
J IANUS P Janus -god of the beginning and end [1]. Janus Latin
JANUS P Janus French
52. J
JUDAS P Judas Judas (name) Dutch
53. J
JULES P Jules Jules (name) French
54. J
JURAT P Jurat in Guernsey en Jersey Jury (court) French
55. J
JURON P juron curse French
56. J
JUSTE P Just "just, righteous; sincere" just French
JUSTO P Spanish
57. J
JUTES P Jutes People of English
Jutland
58. K
KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise runic
“Guth” (God)
59. K
KOTUS P Kotys (war, slaughter) war, slaughter Greek
60. K
H *KHLAIBUZ - loaf (n.), the Germanic origin is uncertain bread Germanic
H
HLEIFR Hleifr Old-Norse
HLAIFS Hlaifs Gothic
61. K
K KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), herbs Dutch
C
KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da German
CRUYT - Indo-European references are unsecure.

21 Numa is said to have built a temple to Fides publica; Source: fides in William Smith, editor (1848) A
Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology
 #
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
62. L
*LIB(A)RŌ P Lever (Germanic: *LIB(A)RŌ-) liver English
63. L
LACUS P the l-rune (OE lagu, ON lǫgr/laugr (i, k, l, m ) water in some Latin
LAGUZ Laguz form Old-Norse
LAUGR
64. L
LAPIS P Stone - May be connected with Ancient Greek lapis Latin
λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), from Proto-
Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”)
65. L
LEVIS P Levis, light (not heavy), quick, swift . Fickle , Levis (light) Latin
dispensable , trivial, trifling , easy (e.g. food)
66. L
LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) Lewis English
67. L
LIBAR P libar suck Spanish
LIBER
68. L
LIBRA P Libra scales Latin
69. L
LIBRA P libra Pond Spanish
P Libra Libra
(astrology)
70. L
LIBRE P libre (adj.) free Spanish
71. L
LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘power of love’ [10e century; Love Dutch
W.Ps.]
72. L
LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
73. L
LIi MOS Limos starvation Greek
74. L
LIVER P liver liver English
75. L
LIVES P lives lives English
76. L
LIVRE P livre book French
77. L
LOCUS P Location – Latin locus is from Old-Latinn stlocus Location Latin
‘id.’, etymology uncertain; maybe from → stal.
(loco-.)
78. L
LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) - LOUIS Louis French
79. L
LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS Clovis French
80. L
LUGAR P lugar {m} location Spanish
81. L
LUIER P luier (diaper) diaper Dutch
82. L
LUXIA (?) - Luxia1 (river in Spain: Rio Tinto) Tinto river Latin
83. L
L LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, unchecked free Latin
L
L
LIURE P (→ freeman) Old Occitan
L LIBRO P Old Occitan: liure ; Provencal libro Provencal
LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Portuguese
LIBRE P French: libre French
84. M
MANUS - Manus - (मनस):—[from man] m. man or Manu man, mankind Sanskrit
(the father of men)
85. M
MEDIR P medir (algo) {verb} measure Spanish
86. M
MELIS P Melis (honeybee → [Telling the bees]) Melis (name) Dutch
87. M
MENSCh P man (person) Man (person) Dutch
 #
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
88. M
MERIT P Merit (Christianity), Merit (Buddhism), Variants: Merit English
MARIT P Maret (Estonia)/Marit (Swedish). (Name)
89. M
METIS P Metis (personified by Athena, pag. 2-59) Mind, Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. She was the first wife of Zeus. wisdom
90. M
MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
91. M
MILES P Latin mīles (“soldier”) ; Myles (given name) mīles Latin
(“soldaat”)
92. M
MÌNAS P Μήνας (moon) moon Greek
93. M
MINOR P minor (“less, smaller, inferior”) minor Latin
94. M
MINOS P Royal Name Minos Linear A
(Cretan)
95. M
MIThRA(S) P Mithra - Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) Mithra Avestan
of covenant, light, and oath
96. M
MITRA P Mitra (Deity in the Rigveda) Mitra (god) Sanskrit
97. M
MÓÐIR P Móðir - mother mother Icelandic
98. M
MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
99. M
M *MELKS P Melk(en) milk Dutch
M
MÉLŽTI – (Lithuanian MÉLŽTI; Slovene MLÉSTI < Lithuanian
MLÉSTI - *MELZTI; all ‘milks’.) Slovene
100. N
NABIS P Nabis - Nabis, tyrant of Sparta Nabis Latin
101. N
NAVIS P Nāvis- ship or nave (middle or body of a church) ship Latin
102. N
NÎMES P Nîmes Nîmes French
103. N
NĪRAṂ P nīraṃ water Sanskrit
104. N
NUGOR P Nugor- I jest, trifle, play the fool, talk nonsense I trifle Latin
105.
O OCNUS P Ocnus – king of Alba Longa. He founded Ocnus Latin
modern Mantua in honor of his mother.[1]
106.
O OMNIS P Omnis - all, a word of unknown origin all Latin
107. P
PANIS P Pānis (bread, loaf ) bread, loaf Latin
108. P
PARThI P Parthi - the Parthians, a Scythian people, Parthi Latin
109. P
PEDIR P pedir algo {verb} request Spanish
110. P
PEDIS P Pĕdis - Louse louse Latin
111. P
PĒNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA penis Latin
112. P
PIeTER P Pieter (symbolic “PITER” or “PITAR”, because Pieter Dutch
the “e” indicates a long I vowel)
113. P
PILAR P short for "Maria del Pilar" and a popular Spanish Pilar (name) Spanish
given name
114. P
PILAR P Pilar (Catalan, Norwegian Bokmål, Nynorsk) pillar Catalaans
Noors
115. P
PITAR P Pitar (father) Father Sanskrit
 #
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
116. P
PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Saint-Piter- Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
117. P
PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
118. P
PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
119. P
PRITHVI - Prithvi earth Sanskrit
120. P
PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (Fish-)fork English
121. P
PYOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian
122. P
P POLIS P ancient Greek city-state, 1894, from Greek polis, polis Greek
PTOLIS - ptolis "citadel, fort, city, .." from PIE *tpolh-
"citadel; .. high ground; hilltop"
123. P
P POTIS P powerful, able, capable; possible powerful Latin
PATIS P husband Lithuanian
124. P
P POLISh P from Latin polire "to polish, make smooth; To polish (E) English
P
POLIRE - decorate, embellish;" , from: polīre ‘polish’, polieren (D) Latin
POLIS P unknown etymology. polijsten (NL) French
125. Q
QUERN P quern (n.) quern English
126. Q
QUR'AN P Quran – het heilige Boek van de Islam Quran Arabic
127. R
RAPID P rapid from French rapide, from Latin rapidus rapid English
128. R
RIJVΕN P rijven (to rake) (to write) To rake, Dutch
to write
129. R
RIVAL P rival - from Latin rivalis "a rival" originally, "of rival English
the same brook,"
130. R
RĪVΕN P rīven (mnd. rīven ‘to rub’) To rub mn-Dutch
131. R
RIVΕT P rivet (fastener) rivet English
132. R
R RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere ruin Dutch
RUINA P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
133. R
R RIJPΕN P ripen (etymology uncertain) ripen Dutch
R
RIPΕN P ripen English
REIFΕN - reifen German
134. S
SIBYL P sibyls are female prophets in Ancient Greece. sibyl English
135. S
SILVA P Silva (wood, forest ) Silva Latin
136. S
SIMLA P Simla (city in India) Simla (stad) Indian (?)
137. S
SIMON P simon simon Dutch
138. S
SMILA Smile: Scandinavian source (such as Danish smile, smirk, Swedish
SMILE SMILE "smile," Swedish SMILA "smile, smirk, simper, fawn Danish
SMIÊT simper, fawn"), from Proto-Germanic *smil-, Latvian
extended form of PIE root *smei- "to laugh,
smile"
139. S
SPILE P Spile wooden fork Lettish
140. S
SPINA P Spina - Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po-river Spina (city) Etruscan
141. S
SUTHI P tomb tomb Etruscan
142. S
S SABIN P Sabine [member of an Italian tribe] {1625} Sabine Etruscan
 #
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
SABIJN P etymology: ‘kin’ sabijn Dutch
143. S
S SAUIL P sauil (Gothic), de zon en de letter “S” sun, Gothic
S
SAULI P sauli (Lithuanian, Indo-European Languages) (the letter S) Lithuanian
SÁULĖ - sáulė (Lithuanian)
144. S
S SPINE P spine (thorn, backbone, needle) Thorn, back English
S
S
SPĪNA P spīna (thorn, backbone, needle) Needle Latin
E
S
SPINÁ P spiná (спинаṛ , back) backbone Russian
ΣΠΊΛΟΣ - σπίλος (spílos) (rock, reef, cliff) cliff Greek
ESPIÑA - espiña spine Galician
SPELD - speld, diminutive form of SPINE needle Dutch
145. T
*TEIWS P The name of a Gothic deity named *TEIWS *TEIWS Gothic
(later *Tīus) (later *Tīus)
146. T
TAGUS P The river Tagus in Spain, (in Spanish: Tajo) Tagus (river) Latin
147. T
TAMIS P tamis sifter French
148. T
TAPIR P Tapir Tapir English
149. T
TAXUS P Taxus baccata (European yew) yew English
150. T
TERUG P terug (backward) backward Dutch
151. T
ThEMIS P ThEMIS – After METIS the 2nd wife of Zeus Themis Greek
(ΘEMIΣ) P (justice)
152. T
THIUS P Thius (Late Latin) uncle Thius Latin
From Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos).
153. T
THUIS P thuis (at home) “at home” Dutch
154. T
TIBER P Tiber (name) Tiber as a Latin
river
155. T
TIEUS P TIEUS (Tieu) plural of - A surname, borrowed Tieu(s) Vietnamees
from Vietnamese Tiêu, from Chinese 蕭.
156. T
TIFOS P Tifos "still water" still water Aegean
157. T
TIMOR P timor (Latin) awe, reverence. fear, dread. timor Latin
158. T
TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
159. T
TIVAS P *Tīwaz deity Proto-
Germanic
160. T
TIWAS P Tiwaz Sun (as a Luwian
deity)
161. T
TIWAZ P Rune (ᛏ) for the deity Týr Týr rune
162. T
TJEUS P nickname to define the JEU-sayers Val Medel Surselvisch
(Switzerland)
163. T
TRIBΕ P Tribe (stam) Tribe English
164. T
TUROG P Locale pagan deity in Sussex Turog (god) Celtic (?)
165. T
T TAPIS P Tapis, rug French
T
TAPIS P Byzantine-Greek byz-Greek
TÁPĒS - Tápēs, Greek Greek
 #
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
166. U
UNIRΕ P ūnīre (to join, to unite, to put together), ūnīre Latin
167. U
U ÛÐIRA P udder udder Germanic
UIDER P
168. U
U URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine Dutch
URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root *we- sperm Latin
r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" (source: English
urine)
169. U
W UUATIRO – water (in watrischafo [709; ONW]) water Dutch
U
WATRIS – Old-Irish uisce ‘water’ (zie ook → whisky); (vloeistof) Dutch
UISCE - Old-Irish
170. V
VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) Clothes Old-Norse
(plural)
171. V
VANIR P Vanir- House of the Wise (group of gods Vanir English
associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and the
ability to see the future. )
172. V
VENUS - Godess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, Venus Latin
prosperity and victory
173. V
VIDAR P Víðarr - son of Odin Víðarr Old Norse
174. V
VIRAL P Viral viral English
175. V
VLIES P Vlies (membrane) membrane Dutch
176. V
VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
177. V
VRIJEN P (1): “het VRIJEN”: to make love (1240). 1: To court Dutch
Originally: “to love” (from: vriend in 2: The free
Etymologiebank). people
(2): “de VRIJEN”: the “free people” (“the
FRANKs”)
178. W
(W)ILUŠA - Wiluša (Ἴλιον, ĪĪlion ) Troy, ĪĪlion Hittitisch
179. W
WHIRL P whirl to spin English
180. W
WIJZEN P To point, to teach To teach Dutch
181. W
WIZARD - Wizard – (originally): "to know the future." (?) philosopher English
182. W
WRANG P Wrang (sourish) sourish Dutch
183. W
WRONG P wrong wrong English
184. W
W WRITE P To write To write English
WRITA P Old Frisian
185. W
W WETEN - “To have seen” - to wit (v.), weten To know Dutch
V
WISSEN - weten (German) German
VIŽDĄ OldChurchSlaw. viždą, vidiši, viděti ‘zien’ vědě to see, OCL
‘ik weet’; to know
186. Z
ZEMLJA - Zemlja (earth) earth Slavic
187. ΦΦ
L FILOS P Filos, from: “philosopher” love Greek
L
ΦIΛOΣ P ΦIΛOΣ Greek
LIEF(S) P Dutch
LIeBES - German
 Dictionary with a number of (~187) perfect pentagrams22

22 Source: Over de indrukwekkendheid en harmonie van de woordenschat (24.4.2021)