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1. ZIBOR P Source: The Bison-Cult (or Why the Minotaur bison Slavic
ZOBIR P and Quinotaur may Symbolize a Bison)
2. WISEN(t) - Bison bonasus, WISEN(t) or European BISON bison Germanic
3. BISON P From: Latin bison "wild ox" (animal) bison Latin
4. ELGUR P the elk (Islandic: elgur (ELGUR) elk Islandic
5. BJØRN P biorn, from Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”) - probably bjørn (bear) Old Norse
BJORN P from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“brown,
shining”).
6. LÚKOS P wolf (Ancient Greek: Λύκος Lúkos, "wolf" wolf Ancient
Greek
7. SWINE P Swine - Old High German swin, Middle Dutch swine English
SchWEIN swijn, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Old Norse, (animal) German
Swedish, Danish svin)
8. MORIN P MORIN - Mongole „Pferd“, Chinese „ma“ horse Mongol
→ in German Mähre
9. ASINU P in Corsican: asinu; Sicilian: àsinu, ASINU ass Sicilian
Usually compared to Ancient Greek ὄνος (ónos)
(which cannot be its direct ancestor)
10. FELIS P The generic name Felis is derived from Classical Felis Classical
CATUS Latin FELIS CATUS resp. FELIS, meaning Latin
FYRET "cat, ferret"
11. CETUS P Whale ( huge fish, sea monster), whale Latin
Greek ΚΗΗΤΟΣ (kêtos)
12. ŚANKU P [pointed stick, big fish] Big fish Old-Indian
13. MENSCh P man (person) from MENNISKO ('person') (1100) Man Germanic
Table 1 The pentagrams for the most impressive creatures in Asia and Europe
Abstract
The number of pentagrams is limited. Theoretically the list1 of pentagrams may be completed some
day. Today (18th of July, 2023) I added 7 new pentagram entries to the list: (1) TVEIR, (2) SEDMĬ,
(3) SUAIN, SUEIN, SWAIN, (4) SUNIA, (5) BJØRN, BJORN, (6) ALVIS, ELVIS, (7) ZIBOR, (8)
ASINU, (9) ELGUR.
ELVIS may be interpreted as a modern name, but the root ALVIS (“all-wise”) indicates a inherited
name from the runic origin of the Germanic mythology. The etymology of the name is unknown.
Also BJØRN's etymology2 is “uncertain”. A similar runic word SWAIN for young, strong man
(swain) is derived from another pentagram “SWINE”. The words for “SWINE” belong to the word
category “pentagrams”, which indicate powerful and impressive animals: such as WISENT, ZIBOR,
BISON, MINOS, ELGUR, LÚKOS, BJØRN, SWINE, MORIN, ASINU, FELIS, FYRET.
All these words belong to the respectful hunters, who gave names to their impressive and powerful
preys, whose symbolism and names were used to honor the godlike kings (MINOS) and gods (Zeus
as a Tauros). The name-givings for the powerful animals (and their related kings and gods) may
have followed an etymological root, but the etymology of a pentagram may also be categorized as
“uncertain”, because etymologists do not believe in pentagrams.
This paper concentrates on the powerful animals, whose name-giving is derived from a great variety
of pentagrams, whose names (probably) are not based on a metaphor. These names may be very old.
The German (and Old-Dutch) word MENSCh represents the Germanic man (person) from
MENNISKO ('person') (1100).
The category “fauna” of all animals may be interpreted as “beast”, which in various languages also
represents pentagrams píast (PIAST), péist (PÉIST) (Old Irish) or “beist” (BEIST) in The Bokmål
Dictionary.
Although they rarely meet in the wild, lions and tigers are still so closely related that they are able
to interbreed, and in captivity they occasionally do. The hybrid offspring are usually sterile and
short-lived.
Felis Catus
Apart from the pentagrams FELIS CATUS (felis catus) and FYRET (ferrets) no other pentagrams
for the Panthera have been found.
The cat (FELIS CATUS) is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal.[1][2] It
is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is commonly referred to as
the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from the wild members of the family.[4]
The origin of the English word cat, Old English catt, is thought to be the Late Latin
word cattus, which was first used at the beginning of the 6th century.[20] It was
suggested that cattus is derived from an Egyptian precursor of Coptic ϣⲁⲩ šau, 'tomcat',
or its feminine form suffixed with -t.[21] The Late Latin word may be derived from
another Afro-Asiatic[22] or Nilo-Saharan language7.
The German (and Old-Dutch) word MENSCh represents the Germanic man (person) from
MENNISKO ('person') (1100).
Sharks
shark1* [fish] ….. except from Germ. languages Old Church Slavic SǪKŬ [branch],
Old-Indian ŚANKU- [pointed stick, big fish]; the animal is probably named for the
typical dorsal fin, which resembles a plow that cuts through the surface.8
The genuine Latin pentagram CETUS, in Greek ΚΗΗΤΟΣ (kêtos), describes the huge “fishes”: any
large sea-animal, such as a whale, shark, seal, dogfish, dolphin, or tuna, or a sea monster.
5 The word "panther", in Greek, could be interpreted as "every wild beast", supporting the idea of a composite
creature (source: panther)
6 Why did the Ancient Greeks think lions can only mate with leopards?
7 Source: Cat
8 Source: haai - Sijs, Nicoline van der (samensteller) (2010), Etymologiebank, op https://etymologiebank.nl
The additional animals may be listed in the following overview:
1. ZIBOR P Source: The Bison-Cult (or Why the Minotaur bison Slavic
ZOBIR P and Quinotaur may Symbolize a Bison)
2. WISEN(t) - Bison bonasus, WISEN(t) or European BISON bison Germanic
3. BISON P From: Latin bison "wild ox" (animal) bison Latin
4. ELGUR P the elk (Islandic: elgur (ELGUR) elk Islandic
5. BJØRN P biorn, from Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”) - probably bjørn Old Norse
BJORN P from PIE-word *bʰer- (“brown, shining”). (bear)
6. LÚKOS P wolf (Ancient Greek: Λύκος Lúkos, "wolf" wolf Ancient
Greek
7. SWINE P Swine - Old High German swin, Middle Dutch swine English
SchWEIN swijn, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Old (animal) German
Norse, Swedish, Danish svin)
8. MORIN P MORIN - Mongole „Pferd“, Chinese „ma“ horse Mongole
→ in German Mähre
9. ASINU P in Corsican: asinu; Sicilian: àsinu, ASINU ass Sicilian
Usually compared to Ancient Greek ὄνος
(ónos) (which cannot be its direct ancestor)
10. FELIS P The generic name Felis is derived from Felis Classical
FYRET Classical Latin fēlis meaning "cat, ferret".[4] Latin
11. FELIS P The cat (Felis catus) is a domestic species of Cat English
CATUS small carnivorous mammal.[1][2]
CATTUS Old English catt, is thought to be the Late Latin Catt Old English
word CATTUS Cattus Late Latin
12. CETUS P Whale ( huge "fish”, sea monster), Whale Latin
ΚΗΗΤΟΣ Greek: ΚΗΗΤΟΣ (kêtos) Big fish
13. ŚANKU P [pointed stick, big fish] Big fish Old-Indian
SǪKŬ - Old Church
Slavic
14. MENSCh P man (person) from MENNISKO ('person') (1100) Mensch German
Table 3 The pentagrams for the most powerful creatures in Asia and Europe
Translation of the pentagrams to English
Most pentagrams survived the deterioration in one or two languages and deteriorated in all other
languages. Most damaged spelling and/or pronunciation caused the loss of a few letters. For
example the Latin asinus was to be abbreviated to the English word “ass”. In English the Icelandic
word Elgur lost two letters and was modified to “elk”. The Old Norse word bjørn deteriorated to
English “bear”. In this study I restricted the translations to Latin, English and German, which may
represent the levels of deterioration. Usually the remote and ancient languages preserve the
pentagrams' spelling in their original shape. Modern languages lost most of the details and the
original shape of the pentagrams.
Pentagram P Definition (pentagram's) Information Latin English German
Language
1.
PÉIST P beast Old Irish Wild animal, beast, From Latin bestia beast Bestie
BESTIa P Bokmål bestia. (origin is unknown.)
1.
ZIBOR P bison Slavic Source: The Bison-Cult (or Why the bison bison Bison
ZOBIR P Minotaur and Quinotaur may
Symbolize a Bison)
2.
WISEN(t) - bison Germanic Bison bonasus, WISEN(t) or bison bison Bison
European BISON
3.
BISON P bison Latin From: Latin bison "wild ox" (animal) bison bison Bison
4.
ELGUR P elk Islandic the elk (Islandic: elgur (ELGUR) Alces elk Elch
5.
BJØRN P bjørn Old Norse biorn, from Old Norse bjǫrn (“bear”) Ursus bear Bär
BJORN P - probably from PIE-word *bʰer-
(“brown, shining”).
6.
LÚKOS P wolf Ancient wolf (Ancient Greek: Λύκος Lúkos, Canis wolf Wolf
Greek "wolf" lupus
7.
SWINE P Boar English Swine - Old High German swin, Sus / boar Wild-
SchWEIN swine German Middle Dutch swijn, Dutch zwijn, porcus swine schwein
German Schwein, Old Norse,
Swedish, Danish svin)
8.
MORIN P horse Mongole MORIN - Mongole „Pferd“, Chinese equus horse Pferd
„ma“ → in German Mähre
9.
ASINU P ass Sicilian in Corsican: asinu; Sicilian: àsinu, asinus ass Esel
ASINU; Usually compared to Ancient
Greek ὄνος (ónos) (which cannot be
its direct ancestor)
1
0.
FELIS P Cat, Classical The generic name Felis is derived Felis cat Katze
CATUS ferret Latin from Classical Latin fēlis meaning
FYRET "cat, ferret".[4]
Carl Linnaeus considered Felis to
comprise all cat species known until
1758.[5]
1
1.
CETUS P Cetus Latin Whale ( huge fish, sea monster) cetus whale Wal
1
2.
ŚANKU P Big fish Old-Indian [pointed stick, big fish] shark Hai
SǪKŬ - Old Church
Slavic
1
3.
MENSCh P Mensch German man (person) from MENNISKO Homō man Mensch
MENNISKO ('person') (1100) human
Of course Adam could not choose a metaphor to express the animal's attributes in their names. The
names may have been composed as pentagrams which represented the 5 letter categories.
Strange are the “equivalent” pentagrams CATUS (cat) and the CETUS (Any large sea-animal, such
as a whale, shark, seal, dogfish, dolphin, or tuna, or a sea monster), which both are Latin
compositions.
10 Inherited from Middle French tapir, from Old French tapir, borrowed from Frankish *tappijan (“to close, shut in,
lock up”), from Frankish *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô.
11 The Malayan Tapir (Tapirus Indicus), also called Asian Tapir, Asiatic Tapir, Oriental Tapir, Indian Tapir, Piebald
Tapir, or Black-and-White Tapir, is the only living Tapir species outside of the Americas. It is native to Southeast
Asia from the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra.
Summary
The overview of the pentagrams for the most powerful animals in Asia and Europe may be an
evidence that the prehistorical hunters may have practiced a genuine name-giving for their most
impressive preys, which was based on the 5 letter linguistic categories lingual, labial, palatal, dental
and guttural.
These pentagrams also may be found in the names of gods (DIAUS), our parents (FAÐIR &
MÓÐIR), virtues (METIS & ThEMIS), royals (MINOS), heroes (LÚKOS), rivers (FIRAT), animals
(FELIS CATUS) & CETUS (whale) and other topics such as ALVIS (“all-wise”) or MENNISKO.
The category “fauna” of all animals may be interpreted as “beast”, which in various languages also
represents pentagrams píast (PIAST), péist (PÉIST) (Old Irish) or “beist” (BEIST) in The
Bokmål Dictionary.
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................2
Pentagrams for the most powerful animals in Asia and Europe...........................................................3
The category “beast” of all (wild?) animals....................................................................................3
Special cases....................................................................................................................................4
Felis Catus...................................................................................................................................4
Sharks..........................................................................................................................................4
The huge fishes ('whale') ............................................................................................................4
Translation of the pentagrams to English.............................................................................................6
Categorizing the domesticated and undomesticated characters...........................................................7
The category “beast” of all (wild?) animals....................................................................................7
The domesticated characters............................................................................................................7
The undomesticated characters........................................................................................................8
Summary...............................................................................................................................................9