A Linguistic Distribution of the

Pentagrams
Joannes Richter

“Planets” Deities Pentagrams Deity Pentagrams Sources Languages

(classics) (classics) (Indo- (Indo- (source)
European) European)
1 The Sun Sol SO(ui)L P Sol, Helios SAUIL P Sauil Gothic
(Helios) HELIOS -
2 The Moon Luna LUNA - Μήνας (moon) MÌNAS P Μήνας Greek
(Selene SELENE - MINOS P Minos Cretan
Σελήνη)
3 Jupiter Jupiter *DJOUS- P Thunderer, ÞUNOR - Djovs Latin
(Zeus) PITER P Thor Þunor Germanic
Dz(i)EUS - Greek
4 Mars Mars MARS - Tyr, Tiw, Tiwaz TIWAZ, P Týr Gothic
(Ares) ARES - *TEIWS P *Tīus
5 Mercury Mercury MERKUR - Odin, Woden WODIS (?) P (W)Odins German
(Hermes) HERMES - (W)ODINS - Old-Norse

6 Venus Venus VENUS - Freya VRIJEN (?) P Vrijen Dutch

(Aphrodite) APHRODITE - 1:“to love”
VANIR 2: “free people”
7 Saturn Saturn SATUR(N) - Cronus/Rod KRUOD (?) P Rod Slavonic
(Cronus) KRONOS - Satur(n) ChRUOD (?) P (Saturn) Latin
(Kronos) CRONUS Greek
8 The Earth Terra Mater TERRA - Mother Earth ZEMLJA (?) – Zemlja Slavonic
(Gaia) GAIA - PRITHVI (?) - Prithvi Sanskrit

Table 1 Overview of the pentagrams for the celestial bodies

(Sun-Moon-Jupiter-Mercury-Mars and Venus-Saturn, the Earth)

Abstract
The human voice is based on five acoustical sources, which are controlled by several bundles of
muscles. The muscles may be controlled by 5 alphabetical letter categories named lingual, guttural,
palatal, labial, and dental. This essay defines the categorization as follows linguals: D, Þ L, N, T,
palatals: C, G, I, J, K, Q, X, gutturals: A, Ε, H, O, Y, labials: B, ϝ - V, M, P, U, W and dentals: Z, S, R.
Each language uses a distribution of the categories and certain amount of redundancy in words to
optimize the communication links under critical conditions such as a trading market or a battle.
Pentagrams distribute the categorized letters and prefers 5-letter words for important words, which
are to be protected against deterioration.
Each language seems to have protected a few dedicated pentagrams, which are analyzed in the
following essay.
The Proto-Indo-European mythology

The Pantheon of the “Planets” (Moon and Sun)

The PIE-roots for the sun and moon are 5- or 6-letter words, which may have been derived from
pentagrams such as the Gothic SAUIL (the sun), respectively the Greek MÌNAS (the moon).
*Seh₂ul and *Meh₁not are reconstructed as the Proto-Indo-European goddess of the Sun
and god of the Moon respectively. *Seh₂ul is reconstructed based on the Greek god
Helios, the Greek mythological figure Helen of Troy,[152][153][154] the Roman god
Sol, the Celtic goddess Sul/Suil, the North Germanic goddess Sól, the Continental
Germanic goddess *Sowilō, the Hittite goddess "UTU-liya",[155] the Zoroastrian
Hvare-khshaeta[155] and the Vedic god Surya.[118] *Meh₁not- is reconstructed based
on the Norse god Máni, the Slavic god Myesyats,[note 6][155] and the Lithuanian god
*Meno, or Mėnuo (Mėnulis).[158] Remnants of the lunar deity may exist in Latvian
moon god Mēness,[159] Anatolian (Phrygian) deity Men;[160][161] Mene, another
name for Selene, and her daughters, the Menae (Μηναι), and in Zoroastrian lunar deity
Mah (Måŋha).[162][163][164] 1

Initially the Moon may have been the highest celestial deity.

The Cretan Pentagram Minos

The Minoan civilization was named after Minos, which is a perfect pentagram (MINOS). According
to the legend Minos was a king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Traces such as the name mwi-nu
and mi-nu-te (Minos) may be found in Linear A.
Some scholars see a connection between Minos and the names of other ancient founder-
kings, such as Menes of Egypt, Mannus of Germany, and Manu of India,[6][7] and even
with Meon of Phrygia and Lydia (after him named Maeonia), Mizraim of Egypt in the
Book of Genesis and the Canaanite deity Baal.[8]

There may be a correlation between two perfect pentagrams (MINOS, “Minos”) and (Greek:
MÌNAS, “the moon”).
Another possibility is that Minos and his relatives would be dramatis personae in a
local "astronomical myth".[9] Telephassa (Minos's grandmother) means "far-shining";
Pasiphaë (a daughter of Sun god Helios and Minos's wife) means "all-shining" or "wide-
shining"; Phaidra (Minos's daughter with Pasiphaë) means "bright, beaming"[10] - all
three containing a tangible Proto-Indo-European root *bheh2- 'to glow, shine',[11]
which, in Greek, derives φαής phaés 'light' and related words.[a] Minos's name would
then signify a lunar deity[b][c] in this context, thus connected to several words for a
moon god in Indo-European languages.[d] 2

1 Sun and Moon in The Proto-Indo-European mythology

2 Other connections in Etymology
The French Pentagrams for the Sun and the “Sun King” Louis XIV
The Gothic word for the sun is Sauil (SAUIL). In Latin the sun is spelled as “Sol”. The Lithuanian
word for sun is SAULI (sáulė).
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *saul, *saulē (compare Latvian saũle, Old Prussian saule,
Icelandic sól), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wll .

In French the word for the sun is “Soleil”, which according to Merriam-Webster is said to be
derived from Vulgar Latin soliculus (“little sun”).
History and Etymology for soleil: Adjective
French, sun, from (assumed) Vulgar Latin soliculus, diminutive of Latin sol sun 3

An alternative derivation follow the Gothic word Sauil (SAUIL) in the shape of the abbreviations of
SOL(uil) or SO(ui)L.
Another reason for these derivations are the royal name and pentagram LOUIS, which is a reversed
spelling of the French word for the sun (SO(ui)L).
In the Frankish history the name-giving for Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS had been described
as the initial step towards the Frankish empire.
A great number of Frankish kings and emperors were named LOUIS (English LEWIS4), but the
most important king was Louis_XIV, the Sun King (le Roi Soleil), who was King of France from
1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any
monarch of a sovereign country in history. [1][a] 5
Therefore the Frankish empire may be considered as an empire of the sun.
The FRANKs started the Frankish dynasty by the name-giving of a Thuringian queen named
“BASINA”, who named her first son “(Ch)LOUIS”6.
Basina or Basine (c. 438 – 477) was remembered as a queen of Thuringia in the middle
of the fifth century, according to much later authors such as especially Gregory of
Tours. However, because he described this kingdom as being on the Gaulish side of the
river Rhine, it is sometimes thought to be the Civitas Tungrorum. 7

3 Soleil | Definition of Soleil by Merriam-Webster

4 Lewis (Louis, Clovis)
5 Source /Wikipedia): Louis_XIV
6 De etymologie van de woorden “Bazin” en „Baas“
7 Basina_of_Thuringia
The Greek Pentagram for Zeus
The Greek sky-god Zeus is interpreted as *DII ĒUS or Dz(i)EUS. The original name probably
already deteriorated early. Attic–Ionic pronunciations reveal better pentagrams: [ZDĚUIS] or
[DZĚUIS]. The missing Ί is found in the Greek spelling ΔΊΑΣ.
Attic–Ionic Greek: Ζεύς, romanized: Zeús Attic–Ionic pronunciation: [zděuIs] or [dzěuIs],
Boeotian Aeolic and Laconian Doric Greek: Δεύς, romanized: Deús Doric Greek: [děuIs];
genitive: Δέος, romanized: Déos [dé.os]
Greek: Δίας, romanized: Días Modern Greek: [ˈði.ass ]

ZEUS[a] is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the
gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman
equivalent Jupiter. His mythology and powers are similar, though not identical, to those
of Indo-European deities such as Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Indra, Dyaus and Thor.[4]
[10][11][12] 8

Zeus is the Greek continuation of *DiI ēus (*DII ĒUS), the name of the Proto-Indo-
European god of the daytime sky, also called *Dyeus ph2tēr ("Sky Father").[24][25] The
god is known under this name in the Rigveda (Vedic Sanskrit Dyaus/Dyaus Pita), Latin
(compare Jupiter, from Iuppiter, deriving from the Proto-Indo-European vocative
*dyeu-ph2tēr),[26] deriving from the root *dyeu- ("to shine", and in its many
derivatives, "sky, heaven, god").[24] Zeus is the only deity in the Olympic pantheon
whose name has such a transparent Indo-European etymology.[27] 9

The Etruscan Pentagram for the sky-god Veltha

In Etruscan religion and mythology, TINIA (also Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the god
of the sky and the highest god in Etruscan mythology, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter
and the Greek Zeus.[1] However, a primary source from the Roman Varro states that
Veltha, not Tins, was the supreme deity of the Etruscans.[2] This has led some scholars
to conclude that they were assimilated, but this is speculation.[3] He was the husband of
Uni and the father of Hercle. Like many other Etruscan deities, his name is gender
neutral.[4] 10

Veltha
VELThA is not a pentagram.

Tinia
TINIA is not a pentagram.

8 Source /Wikipedia): Zeus

9 Source /Wikipedia): Etymology (Dyeus )
10 Source /Wikipedia): Tinia
The Roman Pentagrams for Ianus, IU-Piter, Liber and Tiber
A respectable number of Roman deities belongs to the perfect pentagrams such as: JĀNUS,
*DJOUS-PITER resp. Dz(i)EUS, LIBER, TIBER.

Ianus
Janus is the bi-faced god of beginnings and endings.
In ancient Roman religion and myth, Janus (Latin: IĀNVS (IĀNUS)) is the god of
beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways,[1] passages, frames, and endings.
The ancient Greeks had no equivalent to JĀNUS, whom the Romans claimed as
distinctively their own.

The name of the god Iānus, meaning in Latin 'arched passage, doorway', stems from
Proto-Italic *iānu ('door'), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ieh₂nu ('passage'). It is
cognate with Sanskrit yāti ('to go, travel'), Lithuanian jóti ('to go, ride'), or Serbo-
Croatian jàhati ('to go').[4][5]11.

Jupiter
Ju-piter (*DJOUS-PITER) is derived from the pentagrams *DJOUS "day, sky" + *PITER "father".
It must be noted that the name JU-PITER and the pentagram for *PITER contains a letter “I”
instead of an “A”:
Jupiter (from Latin: Iūpiter or Iuppiter from Proto-Italic *djous "day, sky" + *patēr
"father", thus "sky father"),[12] also known as Jove (gen. Iovis [ˈjɔwɪs]), is the god of
the sky and thunder and king of the gods in Ancient Roman religion and mythology.

In Roman mythology, he negotiates with Numa Pompilius (753–673 BC), the second
king of Rome, to establish principles of Roman religion such as offering, or sacrifice. 12

Jupiter is the third-brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky after the Moon and
Venus13. It has been observed since pre-historic times and is named after the Roman god
Jupiter, the king of the gods, because of its massive size.

Liber
In ancient Roman religion and mythology, LIBER (Latin: "the free one"), also known as LIBER
Pater (→ LIBER-PITER, "the free Father"), was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and
freedom.
He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad (Ceres,
Liber and Libera). The cult was established ca. 493 BC within a sacred district
(templum) on or near the Aventine Hill, traditionally associated with the Roman plebs.14

11 Source: Etymology (Janus)

12 Source: Jupiter (mythology)
13 Source: Jupiter
14 Source: Liber
Tiber
The etymology for the TIBER (the third-longest river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy) may
be unsolved. The TIBER is also a perfect pentagram.
It is probable that the genesis of the name TIBER was pre-Latin, like the Roman name
of Tibur (modern Tivoli), and may be specifically Italic in origin. The same root
(TIBER) is found in the Latin praenomen Tiberius. There are also Etruscan variants of
this praenomen in Thefarie (borrowed from Faliscan *Tiferios, lit. '(He) from the Tiber'
< *Tiferis 'Tiber') and Teperie (via the Latin hydronym Tiber).[8][9]

The legendary king Tiberinus, ninth in the king-list of Alba Longa, was said to have
drowned in the river Albula, which was afterward called Tiberis.[8] The myth may have
explained a memory of an earlier, perhaps pre-Indo-European name for the river,
"white" (alba) with sediment, or "from the mountains" from pre-Indo-European word
"alba, albion" mount, elevated area.[10] Tiberis/Tifernus may be a pre-Indo-European
substrate word related to Aegean TIFOS "still water", Greek phytonym τύφη a kind of
swamp and river bank weed (Typha angustifolia), Iberian hydronyms Tibilis, Tebro and
Numidian Aquae Tibilitanae.[11] Yet another etymology is from *DUBRI-, water,
considered by Alessio as Sicel, whence the form Θύβρις later Tiberis. This root *dubri-
is widespread in Western Europe e.g. Dover, Portus Dubris.[12]
The pentagrams Tivas and Woðinz in the Germanic languages
Both the Proto-Germanic theonym *TĪWAZ (“God”) and the plural TÍVAR (“Gods”) are
pentagrams. The Old English TĪW and Týr (TYR) may be abbreviations of the pentagrams.
In English the Tuesday is interpreted as

Tiw, Ziu, Týr

In wider Germanic mythology, Týr is known in Old English as Tīw and in Old High
German as Ziu, all stemming from the Proto-Germanic theonym *TĪWAZ, meaning
'(the) God'. Little information about the god survives beyond Old Norse sources. Due to
the etymology of the god's name and the shadowy presence of the god in the extant
Germanic corpus, some scholars propose that Týr may have once held a more central
place among the deities of early Germanic mythology.

Týr is the eponym of the Tiwaz rune (ᛏ), a letter of the runic alphabet corresponding to
the Latin letter T. By way of the process of interpretatio germanica, the deity is the
namesake of Tuesday ('Týr's day') in Germanic languages, including English.

In Old Norse poetry, the plural TÍVAR is used for 'the gods', and the singular TÝR,
meaning '(a) god', occurs in kennings for Odin and Thor. 15

The Luwian Sun-god Tiwaz

Another language which shares a sky-god TIWAZ with Germanic languages is the Luwian
language.
The LUWIANs /ˈluːwiənz/ were a group of Anatolian peoples who lived in central, western, and
southern Anatolia, in present-day Turkey, in the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke the
Luwian language, an Indo-European language of the Anatolian sub-family, which was
written in cuneiform imported from Mesopotamia, and a unique native hieroglyphic script,
which was sometimes used by the linguistically related Hittites also. LUWIAN was probably spoken
over a larger geographic region than Hittite.[1]16

TIWAZ (Stem: Tiwad-) was the Luwian Sun-god. He was among the most important
gods of the Luwians.

The name of the Proto-Anatolian Sun god can be reconstructed as *Diuod-, which
derives from the Proto-Indo-European word *dei- ("shine", "glow"). This name is
cognate with the Greek Zeus, Latin Jupiter, and Norse Tyr. While TIWAZ (and the
related Palaic god Tiyaz) retained a prominent role in the pantheon, the Hittite cognate
deity, Šiwat [de] (ŠIWAT)was largely eclipsed by the Sun goddess of Arinna, becoming
a god of the day, especially the day of death.

In Luwian cuneiform of the Bronze Age, his name appears as Tiwad-. It can also be
written with the Sumerogram dUTU ("God-Sun"). In Hieroglyphic Luwian of the Iron
Age, the name can be written as Tiwad- of with the ideogram (DEUS) SOL ("God-
Sun")17 .

15 Týr - Wikipedia
16 Source: Luwians
17 Tiwaz
Woðinz
Although the Proto-Norse WOÐINZ on the Strängnäs stone may be interpreted as an imperfect
pentagram we may not feel comfortable in classifying Odin as a sky-god.
The Old Norse theonym ØÐINN (runic ᚢᚦᛁᚾ on the Ribe skull fragment)[2] and its
various Germanic cognates – including Old English and Old Saxon Wōden, Old Dutch
Wuodan,[3] and Old High German Wuotan (Old Bavarian Wûtan),[4] – all derive from
the reconstructed Proto-Germanic masculine theonym *Wōđanaz (or *Wōdunaz).[5][6]
Translated as 'lord of frenzy'[7] or 'leader of the possessed',[8] *Wōđanaz stems from
the Proto-Germanic adjective *WŌĐAZ ('delirious, raging') attached to the suffix *-naz
('master of').[7]

Recently, an attestation of Proto-Norse Woðinz WOÐINZ, on the Strängnäs stone has

been accepted as probably authentic, but the name may be used as a related adjective
instead meaning "with a gift for (divine) possession" (ON: ØÐINN).[9] 18

Odin (/ˈoʊdɪn/;[1] from Old Norse: Óðinn, IPA: [ˈoːðinː]) is a widely revered god in
Germanic mythology. Norse mythology, the source of most surviving information about
him, associates Odin with wisdom, healing, death, royalty, the gallows, knowledge, war,
battle, victory, sorcery, poetry, frenzy, and the runic alphabet, and projects him as the
husband of the goddess Frigg. In wider Germanic mythology and paganism, the god
was known in Old English and Old Saxon as Wōden, in Old Dutch as Wuodan, and in
Old High German as Wuotan, all ultimately stemming from the Proto-Germanic
theonym *Wōđanaz, meaning 'lord of frenzy', or 'leader of the possessed'.

18 Source: Etymology (Odin)

The problematic Pentagrams for Venus and Cronus?
Except for Venus and Saturn the most important “planets” sun, moon, Tiw (Mars), Mercury (Odin),
Jupiter (Dious-Piter) represent the following pentagrams: SAUIL MÌNAS, *DJOUS-PITER, TIWAZ,
(W)ODINS.
The problematic Pentagrams for Venus and Cronus may be illustrated by the notes of several
analyses. Pentagrams for the planet Venus may be chosen from APHRODITE, VANIR, and VRIJEN.
The pentagrams for the planet Saturn may be chosen from KRUOD and ChRUOD.
Jacob Grimm's Notes to the name Krodo are documented in Appendix 1.

“Planets” Deities Pentagrams Deity Pentagrams Sources Languages

(classics) (classics) (Indo- (Indo- (source)
European) European)
1 The Sun Sol SO(ui)L P Sol, Helios SAUIL P Sauil Gothic
(Helios) HELIOS -
2 The Moon Luna LUNA - Μήνας (moon) MÌNAS P Μήνας Greek
(Selene SELENE - MINOS P Minos Cretan
Σελήνη)
3 Jupiter Jupiter *DJOUS- P Thunderer, ÞUNOR - Djovs Latin
(Zeus) PITER P Thor Þunor Germanic
Dz(i)EUS - Greek
4 Mars Mars MARS - Tyr, Tiw, Tiwaz TIWAZ, P Týr Gothic
(Ares) ARES - *TEIWS P *Tīus
5 Mercury Mercury MERKUR - Odin, Woden WODIS (?) P (W)Odins German
(Hermes) HERMES - (W)ODINS - Old-Norse

6 Venus Venus VENUS - Freya VRIJEN (?) P Vrijen Dutch

(Aphrodite) APHRODITE - 1:“to love”
VANIR 2: “free people”
7 Saturn Saturn SATUR(N) - Cronus/Rod KRUOD (?) P Rod Slavonic
(Cronus) KRONOS - Satur(n) ChRUOD (?) P (Saturn) Latin
(Kronos) CRONUS Greek
8 The Earth Terra Mater TERRA - Mother Earth ZEMLJA (?) – Zemlja Slavonic
(Gaia) GAIA - PRITHVI (?) - Prithvi Sanskrit

Table 2 Overview of the pentagrams for the celestial bodies

Venus
The Latin name VENUS ('love, charm') stems from Proto-Italic *wenos- ('desire'),
ultimately from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *wenh₁-os ('desire'; compare with Messapic
Venas, Old Indic vánas 'desire').[1][2]

It is cognate with the Latin venia ("favour, permission") through to common PIE root
*wenh₁- ("to strive for, wish for, desire, love").[1][3] The Latin verb venerārī ("to
honour, worship, pay homage") is a derivative of Venus.[1]

Venus has been described as perhaps "the most original creation of the Roman
pantheon",[5] and "an ill-defined and assimilative" native goddess, combined "with a
strange and exotic Aphrodite".[6] 19

The planet VENUS is not a pentagram. A suitable pentagram is VANIR (Vanir), a House of the Wise
(group of gods associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and the ability to see the future.)
Venus [goddess of love] {1287} < Latin VENUS, venus [passion, delight, beauty], Old-
Norse VINR [FRIEND] and (undergoing an ablaut) VANIR [gods of the fertility],
related to the verb “to wish” (Dutch: wensen (→ venereren).20

The pentagram VRIJEN (“to court”) correlates to Freija (FREIJA) and Friday.

Cronus
During antiquity, Cronus was occasionally interpreted as Chronos, the personification of
time.[17] The Roman philosopher Cicero (1st century BCE) elaborated on this by
saying that the Greek name Cronus is synonymous to chronos (time) since he maintains
the course and cycles of seasons and the periods of time, whereas the Latin name Saturn
denotes that he is saturated with years since he was devouring his sons, which implies
that time devours the ages and gorges.[18] 21

Although the planet Saturn seems to represent the source for “Saturday” a pentagram for the planet
Saturn may easier be derived from the Greek name Cronus (CRONUS), which might correlate to
CRODUS.
In his Teutonic Mythology Jacob Grimm describes the month “Hrêðemônad”, which by Bede is
interpreted as the month March for Hrêðe. ON. HRÔÐR, OHG. HRUÔD (or ChRUÔD ?), OFrank.
ChRÔD. These words may be related to the planet Mars and not to Saturn...
Therefore the link between CRONUS / CRODUS and Hrêðe (ON. HRÔÐR, OHG. HRUÔD (or
ChRUÔD ?), OFrank. ChRÔD) cannot easily be matched.

19 Venus_(mythology)
20 P.A.F. van Veen en N. van der Sijs (1997), Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden, 2e druk, Van
Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht/Antwerpen – Venus_(mythology) – Bronverwijzing:
Sijs, Nicoline van der (samensteller) (2010), Etymologiebank, op http://etymologiebank.nl/
21 Source: Cronus
Krodo
Also the name Krodo (and similar derivatives) cannot be related to the Saturn god or planet:
Krodo according to the 1492 Saxon Chronicle incunable, probably written by the
Brunswick goldsmith Conrad Bothe (c. 1475 – c. 1501) and printed in the studio of
Peter Schöffer at Mainz, was a Germanic god of the Saxons. He is supposed to have
been similar to the Roman god Saturn. Modern historians characterize the figure of
Krodo as a fake (Janzen 2017)22.

Nevertheless the nearby Goslar collegiate church contained the so-called Krodo Altar, which
probably dates back to the 11th century and may have been transferred from Harzburg Castle by
Emperor Henry III to his Imperial Palace of Goslar about 1047. According to the harzburger-
wanderseite.de the altar is dated at the 11th century, but was assigned quite recently to the Krodo-
idol.23

Rod
Rod in the pre-Christian religion of Eastern and Southern Slavs, is the god of the family, ancestors
and fate, perhaps as the supreme god24.
According to some scholars, the Rod is absolute, primordial god of the universe and of
all other gods. Both in the earliest Slavic religion and in modern Slavic Native Faith's
theology and cosmology, gods are arranged as a hierarchy of powers begotten by the
supreme God of the universe, Rod, known as Deivos (DEIVOS) in the earliest Slavic
religion.[1] According to Helmold's Chronica Slavorum (compiled 1168–1169),
"obeying the duties assigned to them, [the deities] have sprung from his [the supreme
God's] blood and enjoy distinction in proportion to their nearness to the god of the
gods".[2]

In the Wikipedia-descrtiption Deities_of_Slavic_religion the deity Svarog describes a heaven:

Svarog literally means "Heaven" (cf. Indic Svarga), husband of Lada, father of
Dazhbog, Perun, Maria Ognjana and Svarozhich.[14] He is compared to the Greco-
Roman Saturn–Chronos, the time god.[26]

Scholars also consider him cognate with the Iranian Verethragna or Varhran, the Indic
Indra Vṛtrahan, the Armenian Vahagn.[49] He is associated with military, smithery, and
with fire (Ognebog), both that of the household and that of the sun (Xors Dazhbog).[50]

The Indo-European root of the name is *swer ("to speak"), related to *wer ("to close",
"defend", "protect"). Jarog or Rarog is a falcon owned by Svarog who is a Falconer.
Rarog applied to a bird god of later folk religion.

22 Source: Krodo
23 Er wurde vermutlich im späten 11. Jahrhundert hergestellt und erst in der frühen Neuzeit nach dem germanischen
Pseudogott Krodo benannt.[1] (harzburger-wanderseite.de quoted in the German website for Krodoaltar)
24 Source: Rod (Slavic religion)
The Pillar of the world in Spain

The Spanish pentagrams Spain and Pilar

To the archaic world Spain may have been the land with the world's backbone (the “SPINE”),
symbolized as the Pillars of Hercules/Heracles and/or the Atlantic Titan.
The Spanish “SPINE” allows us to study the model of “fixed axes”, which may have been based on
one or two static PILLARs without any moving parts.
Initially these pillars may have supported the roof of the celestial sphere. One of the models uses
two massive PILLARS, which may exclude rotating movements of millstones or fluids in basins. 25

The etymology of the names for SPAIN

Most derivatives for the English word SPINE are pentagrams and correlate to the original name
SPANIA of SPAIN, which is one of the exceptional geographical names in the pentagrams'
dictionary.

Fig. 1: Most derivatives for the English word SPINE are pentagrams
and correlate to the original name (HI)SPANIA of SPAIN

Remarkable is also the similarity of the name for SPAIN in Germanic languages such as Dutch:
SPANJE and German: SPANIEN).
The Galician word: ESPIÑA for “spine” may also solve the uncertain origins of the name España
(ESPAÑA, Spanish for SPAIN).
The origins of the Roman name Hispania (HISPANIA), and the modern España
(ESPAÑA), are uncertain, although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the
region as SPANIA, therefore the most widely accepted etymology is a Semitic-
Phoenician one.[15][20]26

Therefore I suggest to consider SPAIN as a derivation of the words for the backbone SPINE.
The pentagrams SPAIN (the location of the Pillars of Hercules/Heracles and the Atlantic Titan),
SPANIA (the Phoenician name for Spain), PILAR (one of the Pillars of Hercules), SPĪNA (the
backbone of Heracles or Atlas as the axis of the world) are used for the words in static support for
the global architecture.

25 The Role of the Pentagrams for the Merovingian Kingdom

26 Etymology (Spain)
The name Pilar
Obviously the name PILAR, traditionally short for "Maria del Pilar" and a popular Spanish given
name, also may have some archaic symbolic value for the Spanish people.
Our Lady of the Pillar (Spanish: Nuestra Señora del PILAR) is the name given to the
Blessed Virgin Mary in the context of the traditional belief that Mary, while living in
Jerusalem, supernaturally appeared to the Apostle James the Greater in AD 40 while he
was preaching in what is now Spain.27

In the 4th century, the presence of votive images placed on columns or PILLARS is attested:
Some of the earliest archaeological evidence of Marian devotion in Zaragoza is found in
Christian tombs dating from Roman days, which appear to bear images representing the
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin. In the 4th century, the presence of votive images
placed on columns or pillars is attested.[4] The oldest written testimony of devotion to
the Blessed Virgin in Zaragoza is usually identified as that of Pedro Librana in 1155.[5]
There is evidence that the site attracted pilgrims from across the Iberian Peninsula
during the 13th century, e.g. reflected in the work Milagros de Nuestra Señora by
Gonzalo de Berceo, dated to the 1250s or early 1260s. The appellation Santa María del
PILAR is attested for 1299. The claim that the first church had been the oldest in
Hispania, built in AD 40 by James the Greater, is first recorded in 1318.[6] 28

27 Source: Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar
28 Source: Early tradition (Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar)
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
The Proto-Indo-European mythology ..................................................................................................2
The Pantheon of the “Planets” (Moon and Sun)..............................................................................2
The Cretan Pentagram Minos.....................................................................................................2
The French Pentagrams for the Sun and the “Sun King” Louis XIV ........................................3
The Greek Pentagram for Zeus .......................................................................................................4
The Etruscan Pentagram for the sky-god Veltha..............................................................................4
Veltha..........................................................................................................................................4
Tinia............................................................................................................................................4
The Roman Pentagrams for Ianus, IU-Piter, Liber and Tiber..........................................................5
Ianus............................................................................................................................................5
Jupiter..........................................................................................................................................5
Liber............................................................................................................................................5
Tiber............................................................................................................................................6
The pentagrams Tivas and Woðinz in the Germanic languages......................................................7
Tiw, Ziu, Týr...............................................................................................................................7
The Luwian Sun-god Tiwaz........................................................................................................7
Woðinz........................................................................................................................................8
The problematic Pentagrams for Venus and Cronus?......................................................................9
Venus.........................................................................................................................................10
Cronus.......................................................................................................................................10
Krodo.........................................................................................................................................11
Rod............................................................................................................................................11
The Pillar of the world in Spain.........................................................................................................12
The Spanish pentagrams Spain and Pilar.......................................................................................12
The etymology of the names for SPAIN .......................................................................................12
The name Pilar...............................................................................................................................13
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................15
Appendix 1 – Jacob Grimm's Notes to the name Krodo................................................................15
Appendix 2 - The (incomplete) overview of perfect pentagrams..................................................17
Appendix 3 – Notes of J. Richter in Academia.edu and Scribd.....................................................24
January – December 2021.........................................................................................................24
January – December 2020.........................................................................................................24
January – December 2019.........................................................................................................26
January – December 2018.........................................................................................................27
January – December 2017.........................................................................................................29
December 2011 ........................................................................................................................29
Appendices

Appendix 1 – Jacob Grimm's Notes to the name Krodo

Krodo according to the 1492 Saxon Chronicle incunable29, probably written by the Brunswick
goldsmith Conrad Bothe (c. 1475 – c. 1501) and printed in the studio of Peter Schöffer at Mainz,
was a Germanic god of the Saxons. He is supposed to have been similar to the Roman god Saturn.
Modern historians characterize the figure of Krodo as a fake (Janzen 2017).
According to Bothe, Julius Caesar during the conquests of Magna Germania ordered
the erection of several fortresses crowned by statues of Roman deities; one of them was
dedicated to Saturn–named Krodo by the local population–and stood at the site of later
Harzburg Castle. When in 780, during the Saxon Wars, the Frankish king Charlemagne
occupied the region he allegedly had the pagan statue destroyed in the course of the
Christianization of the Saxon people30.

In his Teutonic Mythology Jacob Grimm describes the month “Hrêðemônad”, which is interpreted
as the month March for Hrêðe. ON. HRÔÐR, OHG. HRUÔD, OFrank. ChRÔD. These words may
be related to the planet Mars and not to Saturn...
Romulus consecrated the third month of the year to Mars, his progenitor ; our ancestors
also named it after a deity who may perhaps be identified with Mars. That is to say, the
Anglo-Saxons called March Hrêðemônað, which Beda without hesitation traces to a
goddess Hrêðe; possibly other races might explain it by a god Hrêða ? These names
would come from Hrôð gloria, fama, ON. Hrôðr, OHG. hruôd, OFrank. chrôd, which
helped to form many ancient words, e.g. OHG. Hruodgang, Hruodhilt, OFrank.
Chrôdogang, Chrôdhild ; did Hruodo, Chrôdo express to certain races the shining god of
fame ? The Edda knows of no such epithet for Tŷr as Hrôðr or Hrœðr (see Suppl.).31

This section is commented in the following footnote 1:

1) In this connexion one might try to rescue the suspicious and discredited legend of a
Saxon divinity Krodo ; there is authority for it in the 15 th century, none whatever in the
earlier Mid. Ages. Bothe's Sassenchronik (Leibn. 3, 286) relates under the year 780, that
King Charles, during his conquest of the East Saxons, overthrew on the Hartesburg an
idol similar to Saturn, which the people called Krodo. If such an event had really
happened, it would most likely have been mentioned by the annalists, like the overthrow
of the Irmansûl. For all that, the tradition need not be groundless, if other things only
correspond. Unfortunately the form Crôdo for Chrôdo, Hrôdo, Rôdo [like Catti, afterw.
Chatti, Hatti, Hessen] is rather too ancient, and I can find no support for it in the Saxon
speech. A doc. of 1284 (Langs reg. 4, 247) has a Waltherus dictus Krode, and a song in
Nithart s MsH. 3, 2()8b a Krotolf, which however has no business to remind us of
Hruodolf, Ruodolf, being not a proper name, but a nickname, and so to be derived from
krote, a toad, to which must be referred many names of places, Krotenpful, &c., which
have been mistakenly ascribed to the idol. The true form for Upper Germany would not
tolerate a Kr, but only Hr or R (see Suppl.).32

29 Bothe's Sassenchronik
30 Krodo
31 Page 206 (Zio) Teutonic Mythology, Jacob Grimm (1882), translated from the 4th edition by J. S. Stallybrass
32 Footnote 1 at Page 206 (Zio) Teutonic Mythology, Jacob Grimm (1882), translated from the 4 th edition by J. S.
Stallybrass
In the Harz mountains an idol with an image of Saturn is named Krodo:
But that AS. Sæteresbyrig from the middle of the 11 th century irresistibly recalls the
'burg' on the Harz mts, built (according to our hitherto despised accounts of the 15 th
century in Bothe's Sachsenchronik) to the idol Saturn, which Saturn, it is added, the
common people called Krodo ; to this we may add the name touched upon in p. 206
(Hrêðe, Hrêðemônað), for which an older Hruodo, Chrôdo was conjectured. We are told
of an image of this Saturn or Krodo, which represented the idol as a man standing on a
great fish, holding a pot of flowers in his right hand, and a wheel erect in his left ; the
Roman Saturn was furnished with the sickle, not a wheel (see Suppl.).

Here some Slav conceptions appear to overlap. Widukind (Pertz 5, 463) mentions a
brazen simulacrum Batumi among the Slavs of the tenth century, without at all
describing it; but Old Bohemian glosses in Hanka 14th and 17th carry us farther. In the
first, Mercurius is called “Radihost vnuk Kirtov” (Radigast grand son of Kirt), in the
second, Picus Saturni filius is glossed “ztracec Sitivratov zin” (woodpecker, Sitivrat's
son); and in a third 20th, Saturn is again called Sitivrat. Who does not see that Sitivrat is
the Slavic name for Saturn, which leads us at the first glance to sit=satur ?
Radigast=Mercury (p. 130n.) is the son of Stračec=Picus ; and in fact Greek myths treat
Picus (Πίκος) as Zeus, making him give up the kingdom to his son Hermes. Picus is
Jupiter, son of Saturn ; but beside Sitivrat we have learnt another name for Saturn,
namely Kirt, which certainly seems to be our Krodo and Hruodo. Sitivrat and Kirt
confirm Saturn and Krodo ; I do not know whether the Slavic word is to be connected
with the Boh. krt, Pol. kret, Euss. krot, i.e., the mole. I should prefer to put into the other
name Sitivrat the subordinate meaning of sito-vrat, sieve-turner, so that it would be
almost the same as kolo-vrat, wheel-turner, and afford a solution of that wheel in
Krodo's hand ; both wheel (kolo) and sieve (sito) move round, and an ancient spell
rested on sieve-turning. Slav mythologists have identified Sitivrat with the Hindu
Satyȃvrata, who in a great deluge is saved by Vishnu in the form of a fish. Krodo stands
on a fish ; and Vishnu is represented wearing wreaths of flowers about his neck, and
holding a wheel (chakra) in his fourth hand. All these coincidences are still meagre and
insecure; but they suffice to establish the high antiquity of a Slavo-Teutonic myth,
which starts up thus from more than one quarter.33

Footnotes 3 and 4:
3) To Hrôdo might now be referred those names Roysel (later spelling Reusel) and
Roydach in Gramaye, who understands them of Mars ; ancient documents must first
place it beyond doubt, which day of the week is meant. There is an actual Hruodtac, a
man's name in OHG. (Graff 5, 362), and an OS. Hrôddag is found in Trad. corb. 424,
ed. Wigand ; these may be related to Hruodo, Hrôdo as Baldag to Balder, and the
contraction Roydag, Rodag would be like Roswith for Hrôdsuith. If Roydag should turn
out to be the seventh day of the week, it would be a strong testimony to the worship of
Chrodo ; if it remain the third, we have to add, that the third month also was sacred to
Mars, and was called Hrêðemônað by the Anglo-Saxons.

4) The Kaiserchr. 3750 says, to Saturn we offer quicksilver ; whereas now Saturn's
symbol signifies lead. In Megenberg Saturn is called Satjâr. The Saxon Saturn is
supported by Hengest's reference to that god . (Extracted from Suppl., vol. iii.)34

33 Page 249 (Loki, Grendel, Saturn.) - Teutonic Mythology, Jacob Grimm (1882), translated from the 4 th edition by J.
S. Stallybrass
34 Page 248 (Other gods) - Teutonic Mythology, Jacob Grimm (1882), translated from the 4 th edition by J. S.
Stallybrass
Appendix 2 - The (incomplete) overview of perfect pentagrams
The following dictionary documents a number (~174) of perfect pentagrams in various languages.
Only a subset of these words have been composed as pentagrams. Other words unintentionally may
have turned into pentagrams.
# Pentagram P Information Definition Language
1.
J (D)JOUR - Jour day French
2.
W (W)ILUŠA - Wiluša (Ἴλιον, ĪĪlion ) Troy, ĪĪlion Hittitisch
3.
K *KHLAIBU - loaf (n.), the Germanic origin is uncertain bread Germanic
H ZHLEIFR Hleifr Old-Norse
H HLAIFS Hlaifs Gothic
4.
L *LIB(A)RŌ P Lever (Germanic: *LIB(A)RŌ-) liver English
5.
M *MELKS P Melk(en) milk Dutch
M MÉLŽTI – (Litouws MÉLŽTI; Sloveens MLÉSTI < Lithuanian
M MLÉSTI - *MELZTI; alle ‘melken’.) Slovene
6.
T *TEIWS P The name of a Gothic deity named *TEIWS *TEIWS (later Gothic
(later *Tīus) *Tīus)
7.
A AGNUS P agnus, Agnus Dei - (Noun) A lamb, especially Lamb Latin
one used as a sacrifice.
8.
A AMRIT P Nectar, s. AMṚTAṂ in Amrit – Yogawiki nectar Sanskrit
9.
A AMRIT P Amrit - a Phoenician port located near present- Amrit Punic (?)
day Tartus in Syria.
10.
A ANGUS P Angus Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Angus Scottish
Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice". In Irish
myth, Aonghus was the god of love and youth.
11.
A APRIL P fourth month, AUERIL, from Latin (mensis) april (month), English
AVRIL P Aprilis 2nd Month Old French
12.
A ARJUN(A) P Kern: Arjun Arjuna Sanskrit
13.
A ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
A ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
14.
B BATIR P Batir beat Spanish
15.
B BÂTIR P bastir "build, construct, sew up, baste, make to build French
B BASIN P baste (v.2) - Water vessel (of unknown origin) basin English
16.
B BÆTIS P Baetis, a river (Guadalquivir) in Spain Guadalquivir Latin
17.
B BEIT P Beit covenant Hebrew
18.
B BESIN P king Bisinus ( BESIN in Frankish) Thuringian king Dutch
P PISΕN P PISΕN in Lombard Basina v. Frankisch
B BASIN(A) P Basina, the queen of Thuringia (5th century). Thuringia Lombard
B BAZIN P woman in charge woman in charge Thuringian
19.
B BINZA P binza Pellicle Spanish
20.
B BISEL P bisel bezel Spanish
21.
B BISON P from Latin bison "wild ox," bison Latin
22.
B BÔZINE - Dialect: bôzine ‘landlady’. (bazin) landlady French
 # Pentagram P Information Definition Language
23.
B BRAIN P Brain, brein, hersenen; of uncertain origin, evt. Brain Dutch
B BREIN P van fr. PIE root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
24.
B BREChT P Schitterend (Brecht) splendid Dutch
P PRAChT P Brecht (voornaam) bright Germanic
B BRIGHT - bright (schitterend) English
25.
B BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
26.
B BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly Brian Irish
borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high,
noble”).
27.
B BRIDE P Bride – Oudfries BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Dutch
B BREID P English
B BRUID - Old-Frisian
28.
C CĀNUS cānus (canus): grey, old, aged, venerable gray-haired Latin
29.
C CHURL P Churl (ceorl or CHURL), lowest rank of Churl (freeman) English
freemen).
30.
C CHURN P Churn (karn , karnen (boter uit melk karn, karnen English
scheiden)
31.
C CROWN P "crown" – from Latin corona crown English
32.
D DECUS P deeds of honor, Grace, splendor, beauty. Honor, decus Latin
distinction, glory. Pride, dignity.
33.
D DIAUS P Dyáuṣ Pitṛṛ Sky-Father Sanskrit
34.
D DIÉU(S) P Dieu God French
35.
D DIVES P dives rich, wealthy Latin
36.
D DYEUS P *Dyeus DIEUS PIE
37.
E ELPIS P Elpis hope Greek
38.
E ERIDU P Eridu is the first city in the world by the ancient Eridu ?
Sumerians
39.
E ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) (H)ERMÏN – Latin
(ARMIN) Herman
40.
F FAÐIR P faðir Father Old-Norse
41.
F FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti Latin
42.
F FĒLIS P Fēlis – katachtigen – Kat, fret ("Felis" ) cat Latin
43.
F FELIZ P feliz (happy) feliz Spanish
44.
F FESTI P Festī, Festî - ‘strength, power, document’ (veste) fort Ohd.
45.
F FIDES P Fides, (confidence, trust)35 Fides Dutch
S ΣΦΊΔΗ P σφίδη (sphídē). σφίδη (sphídē). Latin
F BIDDEN - Old English: BIDDAN "to ask, beg, pray” to ask, beg, pray Old Greek
46.
F FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” bicycle Dutch
‘running’; etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
47.
ΦΦ FILOS P Filos, bijvoorbeeld in Filosoof love Greek
L ΦIΛOΣ P ΦIΛOΣ Greek

35 Numa is said to have built a temple to Fides publica; Source: fides in William Smith, editor (1848) A
Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology
 # Pentagram P Information Definition Language
L LIEF(S) P Dutch
LIeBES - German
48.
F FINAR P finar to die Spanish
49.
F FRANC P Frank free Dutch
FRANK P
50.
G GAUTR P Runen-Sprachschatz (Runic dictionary,German) wise man Icelandic
51.
G GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) Family, pedigree Latin
52.
I IANUS P Janus -god van het begin, einde, poorten, Janus Latin
J JANUS P dualiteit, tijd, en doorgangen. [1]
53.
I IOU-piter – Jupiter (D)IOU(S) JOU-piter Latin
*DJOUS P (*DJOUS PATĒR)
54.
I ISLAM P Islam – "submission [to God]" Islam English
55.
I ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones ISTÆV – Latin
56.
J JANUS P Janus Janus (godheid) French
57.
J JUDAS P Judas Judas Dutch
58.
J JULES P Jules Jules (naam) French
59.
J JURAT P Jurat in Guernsey en Jersey Jury (rechtbank) French
60.
J JURON P juron curse French
61.
J JUSTE P Just "just, righteous; sincere" just French
JUSTO P Spanish
62.
J JUTES P Jutes People of Jutland English
63.
K KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise runic
“Guth” (God)
64.
K KOTUS P Kotys (war, slaughter) war, slaughter Greek
65.
K KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), herbs Dutch
K KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da German
C CRUYT - Indo-European references are unsecure.
66.
L LACUS P the l-rune (OE lagu, ON lǫgr/laugr (i, k, l, m ) water in some Latin
LAGUZ Laguz form Old-Norse
LAUGR
67.
L LAPIS P Stone - May be connected with Ancient Greek lapis Latin
λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), from Proto-
Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”)
68.
L LEVIS P Levis, light (not heavy), quick, swift . Fickle , Levis (light) Latin
dispensable , trivial, trifling , easy (e.g. food)
69.
L LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) Lewis English
70.
L LIBAR P libar suck Spanish
71.
L LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, free Latin
L LIURE P unchecked (→ freeman) Old
L LIBRO P Old Occitan: liure ; Provencal libro Occitan
L LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Provencal
L LIBRE P French: libre Portuguese
French
 # Pentagram P Information Definition Language
72.
L LIBRA P libra Pond Spanish
P Libra Libra (astrology)
73.
L LIBRA P Libra scales Latin
74.
L LIBRE P libre (adj.) free Spanish
75.
L LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘de krachten van het lieve’ Love Dutch
[10e eeuw; W.Ps.]
76.
L LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
77.
L LII MOS Limos starvation Greek
78.
L LIVER P liver liver English
79.
L LIVES P lives lives English
80.
L LIVRE P livre book French
81.
L LOCUS P Location – Latin locus is ontstaan uit Vroeglatijn Location Latin
stlocus ‘id.’, verdere herkomst onzeker;
misschien verwant met → stal. (loco-.)
82.
L LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS Clovis French
83.
L LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) - LOUIS Louis French
84.
L LUGAR P lugar {m} location Spanish
85.
L LUIER P luier (kinderdoek) diaper Dutch
86. 1
L LUXIA - Luxia (river in Spain: Rio Tinto) Tinto river Latin
87.
M MANUS - Manus - (मनस):—[from man] m. man or Manu man, mankind Sanskrit
(the father of men)
88.
M MEDIR P medir (algo) {verb} measure Spanish
89.
M MELIS P Melis (honeybee, → [Telling the bees]) Melis (name) Dutch
90.
M MENSCh P man (person) Man (person) Dutch
91.
M MERIT P Merit (Christianity), Merit (Buddhism), Merit English
MARIT P Variants: Maret (Estonia)/Marit (Swedish). (Name)
92.
M METIS P Metis (personified by Athena, pag. 2-59) Mind, wisdom Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. She was the first wife of Zeus.
93.
M MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
94.
M MILES P Latin mīles (“soldaat”) ; Myles (given name) mīles (“soldaat”) Latin
95.
M MÌNAS P Μήνας (moon) moon Greek
96.
M MINOR P minor (“less, smaller, inferior”) minor Latin
97.
M MINOS P Royal Name Minos Linear A
(Cretan)
98.
M MITRA P Mitra (Godheid in de Rigveda) Mitra (god) Sanskrit
99.
M MÓÐIR P Móðir - mother mother Icelandic
100.
M MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
101.
N NĪRAṂ P Nīraṃ water Sanskrit
102.
P PANIS P Pānis (bread, loaf ) bread, loaf Latin
 # Pentagram P Information Definition Language
103.
P PATRIE - vaderland Fatherland French
104.
P PEDIR P pedir algo {verb} request Spanish
105.
P PIeTER P Pieter (symbolic “PITER” or “PITAR”, because Pieter Dutch
the E indicates a long I vowel)
106.
P PILAR P Pilar (Catalan, Norwegian Bokmål, Nynorsk) pillar Catalaans
Noors
107.
P PILAR P short for "Maria del Pilar" and a popular Pilar (name) Spanish
Spanish given name
108.
P PITAR P Pitar (father) Father Sanskrit
109.
P PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Saint-Piter- Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
110.
P POLISh P from Latin polire "to polish, make smooth; To polish (E) English
P POLIRE - decorate, embellish;" , ontwikkeld uit Latin polieren (D) Latin
P POLIS P polīre ‘gladmaken’, van onbekende herkomst. polijsten (NL) French
111.
P POLIS P ancient Greek city-state, 1894, from Greek polis, polis Greek
P PTOLIS - ptolis "citadel, fort, city, .." from PIE *tpolh-
"citadel; .. high ground; hilltop"
112.
P POTIS P Potis - (able, capable, possible) Potis Latin
113.
P PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
114.
P PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
115.
P PRITHVI - Prithvi earth Sanskrit
116.
P PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (Fish-)fork English
117.
P PYOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian
118.
P PĒNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA penis Latin
119.
Q QUERN P quern (n.) quern English
120.
Q QUR'AN P Quran – het heilige Boek van de Islam Quran Arabic
121.
R RAPID P Rapid from French rapide, from Latin rapidus rapid English
122.
R RIJPΕN P Rijpen (met onzekere etymologie) ripen Dutch
R RIPΕN P ripen English
R REIFΕN - reifen German
123.
R RIVΕT P Rivet Rivet English
124.
R RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere ruin Dutch
R RUINA P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
125.
S SAUIL P sauil (Gothic), de zon en de letter “S” sun, Gothic
S SAULI P sauli (Lithuanian, Indo-European Languages) (the letter S) Lithuanian
S SÁULĖ - sáulė (Lithuanian)
126.
S SABIN P Sabine [member of an Italian tribe] {1625} Sabine Etruscan
S SABIJN P etymology: ‘kin’ sabijn Dutch
127.
S SIBYL P sibyls are female prophets in Ancient Greece. sibyl English
128.
S SILVA P Silva (wood, forest ) Silva Latin
129.
S SIMLA P Simla (Stad in India) Simla (stad) Indian (?)
130.
S SIMON P simon simon Dutch
 # Pentagram P Information Definition Language
131.
H (HI)SPANIA - Spain Spain Spanish
S SPAIN P English
S SPANIA - Phoenician
132.
S SPILE P Spile wooden fork Lettish
133.
S SPINE P spine (thorn, backbone, needle) Thorn, back English
S SPĪNA P spīna (thorn, backbone, needle) Needle Latin
S SPINÁ P spiná (спинаṛ, back) backbone Russian
S ΣΠΊΛΟΣ - σπίλος (spílos) (rock, reef, cliff) cliff Greek
E ESPIÑA - espiña spine Galician
S SPELD - speld, diminutive form of SPINE needle Dutch
134.
S SPINA P Spina - Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po- Spina (city) Etruscan
river
135.
S SUTHI P Graf tomb Etruscan
136.
T TAGUS P The river Tagus in Spain, (in Spanish: Tajo) Tagus (river) Latin
137.
T TAMIS P tamis sifter French
138.
T TAPIR P Tapir Tapir English
139.
T TAPIS P Tapis, rug French
T TAPIS P Byzantijns-Greek byz-Greek
T TÁPĒS - Tápēs, Greek Greek
140.
T TAXUS P Taxus baccata (European yew) yew English
141.
T TERUG P terug (backwords) backwards Dutch
142.
T ThEMIS P ThEMIS – After METIS the 2nd wife of Zeus Themis (justice) Greek
(ΘEMIΣ) P
143.
T THIUS P Thius (Late Latin) uncle Thius Latin
From Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos).
144.
T THUIS P thuis (at home) “at home” Dutch
145.
T TIBER P Tiber (name) Tiber as a river Latin
146.
T TIEUS P TIEUS (Tieu) plural of - A surname, borrowed Tieu(s) Vietnamees
from Vietnamese Tiêu, from Chinese 蕭.
147.
T TIFOS P Tifos "still water" still water Aegean
148.
T TIMOR P timor (Latin) awe, reverence. fear, dread. timor Latin
149.
T TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
150.
T TIVAS P *Tīwaz deity Proto-
Germanic
151.
T TIWAS P Tiwaz Sun (as a deity) Luwian
152.
T TIWAZ P Rune (ᛏ) for the deity Týr Týr rune
153.
T TJEUS P nickname to define the JEU-sayers Val Medel Surselvisch
(Suisse)
154.
T TRIBΕ P Tribe (stam) Tribe English
155.
T TUROG P Locale pagan deity in Sussex Turog (god) Celtic (?)
156.
U ÛÐIRA P uier (melkklier) udder Germanic
U UIDER P
 # Pentagram P Information Definition Language
157.
U UNIRΕ P ūnīre (to join, to unite, to put together), ūnīre Latin
158.
U URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine Dutch
U URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root sperm (source: Latin
*we-r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" urine) English
159.
U UUATIRO – water (in watrischafo [709; ONW]) water (vloeistof) Dutch
W WATRIS – Old-Irish uisce ‘water’ (zie ook → whisky); Dutch
U UISCE - Old-Irish
160.
V VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) Clothes (plural) Old-Norse
161.
V VANIR P Vanir- House of the Wise (group of gods Vanir English
associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and
the ability to see the future. )
162.
V VENUS - Godess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, Venus Latin
prosperity and victory
163.
V VIDAR P Víðarr - son of Odin Víðarr Old Norse
164.
V VIRAL P Viral viral English
165.
V VLIES P vlies (vel, membraan) membrane Dutch
166.
V VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
167.
V VRIJEN P (1): “het VRIJEN”: vrijen (verkering hebben; 1: To court Dutch
minnekozen; (1240). Originally: “to love” 2: The free people
(from: vriend in Etymologiebank). (“the FRANKs”)
(2): “de VRIJEN”: the “free people”
168.
W WETEN - “To have seen” - to wit (v.), weten To know Dutch
W WISSEN - weten (German) German
169.
W WHIRL P whirl to go round, spin English
170.
W WIJZEN P wijzen (aanduiden) wijzen Dutch
(aanduiden)
171.
W WIZARD - Wizard – (originally): "to know the future." (?) philosopher English
172.
W WRANG P Wrang (sourish) sourish Dutch
173.
W WRONG P wrong wrong English
174.
Z ZEMLJA zemlja earth Slavic
Dictionary with a number of (~174) perfect pentagrams36

36 Source: Over de indrukwekkendheid en harmonie van de woordenschat (24.4.2021)

Appendix 3 – Notes of J. Richter in Academia.edu and Scribd
The publications (~220 titles) are sorted according to their storage date 37. This storage is my own
record of documentations.

January – December 2021

• A Linguistic Distribution of the Pentagrams
• De rol van de pentagrammen in de namen der hemellichamen
• Swap Mutations in the Pentagram List
• The Role of the Pentagrams in the Globe's Architecture
• The Pentagrams in the Kernel of the PIE-Dictionary
• Gebeitelde woorden (Over de indrukwekkendheid en harmonie van de woordenschat)
(24.4.2021)
• The Reconstruction of a PIE-Language's Core
• Een reconstructie van de Dutche woordenschat
• The Secrets of the 2-Dimensional Alphabets
• A Self-Repair System for Languages (9.4.2021)
• Het MINOS Project
• An Etymology for the Pentagrams
• The Purpose of Chilperic's Additional Letters (30.3.2021)
• De etymologie van de woorden “Bazin” en „Baas“
• Het alfabetische pentagram (Het verhaal van de taal)
• A Theory of Hierarchical Alphabets
• The Role of the Pentagrams for the Merovingian Kingdom
• De rol van de bijen (of cicaden) uit het koningsgraf van Childerik I
• A New Chapter to the Philosophy of Language
• Overview of the Alphabetic Arrays (14.2.2021)
• Bericht over de analyse van een reeks alfabetten
• The Arrays (and the Presumed Theonym TIEU) of the Ogham Signary (11.02.2021)
• How to Read the Theonym „TIWÆS“ in the Runic „Futhark"-Signary... (30.01.2021)
• The Pentagrams in the Name-giving of the Runes
• De etymologie van de namen Diaus, Dieus en Djous
• The Etymology of the Words Diaus, Dieus and Djous ... (Scribd)
• The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek, Roman...
• The Evidence of Perfect and Imperfect Pentagrams
• De woordenlijsten der perfecte en imperfecte pentagrammen

January – December 2020

• Verbale echo's in de Europese talen – Over de naamgeving van de Frankenkoningen (Dutch)
• Patterns of the European Languages
• Another View on the Design of the Frankish Language
• The Generation of Perfect Pentagrams (Like LIBER, FRANK and DYAUS)
• The Naming Convention for Kings in Francia
• Over de naamgeving voor de goden en vorsten van het Frankenrijk
• Hoe de adelgeslachten met de namen Franken, Willem en Lodewijk de onsterfelijkheid
konden pachten

37 https://independent.academia.edu/JoannesRichter, respectively https://independent.academia.edu/richterJoannes

• The Nomenclature of the Sky-Gods - How the Royals achieved Immortality - (Scribd)
• Standardizing the Signaries - The Encryption and Decryption of alphabets (Scribd)
• Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd)
• Alphabets With Integrated Dictionaries (Scribd)
◦ The Quantization of the Ugaritic Alphabet (Scribd)
◦ De architectuur van het Oegaritische alfabet (Scribd)
◦ A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries as a Root for the Sky-god Dyaus and the
Personal Pronouns for the 1st Person Singular and Dual Form
◦ Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish) alphabets (Scribd)
• Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
◦ Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
◦ A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
◦ Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets
◦ Overview of the Periodic Tables of the Sami Languages
◦ Eight Periodic Tables for the Sámi Languages
• Het hart van de Dutche taal
◦ Periodic Tables for the Sami Alphabets
◦ A Periodic Table for the Dutch Language
◦ Periodic Tables for the Dalecarlian Runes and the Elfdalian Alphabet (Scribd)
• The Hierarchical Structure of the Hebrew Alphabet (Scribd)
• De hiërarchische structuur van het Hebreeuwse alfabet (Scribd)
◦ A Periodic Table for the Phoenician and Hebrew Alpabet (Scribd)
◦ A Periodic Table for the Icelandic Alphabet (Scribd)
◦ A Periodic Table for the Coptic Alphabet (Scribd)
◦ A Periodic Table for the Cyrillic Alphabet (Scribd)
• The Impact of Ternary Coding Systems (Scribd)
• A Pedigree for Alphabets (Scribd)
• The Composition of the European Alphabets (Scribd)
• The Letter Repositioning in the Greek and Latin Alphabets
• Unstably Classified Letters in Alphabets (Scribd)
• Notes on the Common Architecture of Alphabetical Structures (Academia.edu)
◦ A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets
◦ A Periodic Classification for the Gothic Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
◦ A Periodic Classification for the Futhark-Alphabets (obsolete, Scribd)
◦ A Periodic Classification for the Latin Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
• The Model of a Language as a Communication Link (Scribd)
• The Roots of the Indo-European Alphabets (12.5.2020)
• Samenvatting van "The Alphabet as an Elementary Document"
• The Alphabet as an Elementary Document
• The Origin of the Name Dyaus
• De oorsprong van de naam Diaus
• The History of Designing an Alphabet (Scribd)
• Een architectuur voor de PIE-talen (Scribd)
• An Architecture for the PIE-Languages
• A Suggested Restoration of the 'Futhark'-Sequence (Scribd)
• The Composition of the Sky- God's Name in PIE-Languages
• The Ternary Codes in Language and Creation (Scribd)
• The Role of Saussure's Letter "E"
 • The Optimal Number of Vowels in Languages (Scribd)
• A Ternary Encoding to Optimize Communications and Cooperation
• A Golden Box to Control the Lightnings
• The Ancient Lightning Rods around the Mediterranean Sea
• Die ältesten Blitz(ab)leiter am Mittelmeer (Scribd)
• Pyramids in the Role as Power Plants
• Piramides als energiecentrales (Scribd)
• The Role of the Pyramids in Melting Glass and Meta... (Scribd)
• The Egyptian Drilling Technology (Scribd)
• The Architecture of the Younger Futhark Alphabet

January – December 2019

• The Sources for the IΩ- Pronouns
• Notes to Herodotus' Histories of IΩ, Europa and Medea
• The Role of Irrigation and Drainage in a Successful Civilisation
• De rol van de irrigatie en drainage in een succesv... (Scribd)
• Notes to Frazer's "Pausanias's Description of Greece"
• The Initials of European Philosophy
• Atlantis vormde 3400 jaar geleden een Helleens Delta-project
• The War against Atlantis
• The "Ego"-Root inside the Name "Thebes"
• The Role of the AEtts in the Futharc Alpabet
• The Reconstruction of a European Philosophy
• Traces of an old religion (The Root "Wit" in Wittekind)
• Woden (Wuþ) as the Designer and Author of the Futhark Alphabet
• Is the Core "Wut" in "Wutach" symbolizing "Wutan" ("Woden")
• The Bipolar Core of Germanic Languages
• Simon Stevin's Redefinition of Scientific Arts
• Simon Stevin's definitie van wetenschappelijk onderz
• De etymologie van de woorden met Wit-, Wita en Witan-kernen
• The "Vit"-Roots in the Anglo-Saxon Pedigree
• The Traces of "Wit" in Saxony
• King Chilperic I's letters (ΔΘZΨ) may be found at the beginning ("Futha") of the runic
alphabet and at the end (WIJZAE) of the Danish alphabet
• Aan het slot (WIJZAE) van het Deense alfabet en aan het begin ("Futha") van het
runenalfabet bevinden zich de letters (ΔΘZΨ) van koning Chilperic I
• The Role of the Ligature AE in the European Creation Legend
• A Concept for a Runic Dictionary
• Concentrating the Runes in the Runic Alphabets
• Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo
• De sleutelwoorden van het Futhark alfabet
• The Keywords of the Futhark Alphabet
• Het runenboek met het unieke woord Tiw
• A short Essay about the Evolution of European Personal Pronouns
• The Evolution of the European Personal Pronouns
• De miraculeuze transformatie van de Europese samenleving
• The Miraculous Transformation of European Civilization
• The Duality in Greek and Germanic Philosophy
• Bericht van de altaarschellist over de Lof der Zotheid
 • De bronnen van Brabant (de Helleputten aan de Brabantse breuklijnen)
• De fundamenten van de samenleving
• De rol van de waterbronnen bij de kerstening van Nederland
• De etymologie van "wijst" en "wijstgrond"
• The Antipodes Mith and With
• The Role of the Dual Form in the Evolution of European Languages
• De rol van de dualis in de ontwikkeling der Europese talen
• The Search for Traces of a Dual Form in Quebec French
• Synthese van de Germanistische & Griekse mythologie en etymologie
• De restanten van de dualis in het Dutch, English en German
• Notes to the Corner Wedge in the Ugaritic Alphabet
• The Origin of the long IJ-symbol in the Dutch alphabet
• Over de oorsprong van de „lange IJ“ in het Dutche alfabet
• The Backbones of the Alphabets
• The Alphabet and and the Symbolic Structure of Europe
• The Unseen Words in the Runic Alphabet
• De ongelezen woorden in het runenalfabet
• The Role of the Vowels in Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
• Over de volgorde van de klinkers in woorden en in godennamen
• The Creation Legends of Hesiod and Ovid
• De taal van Adam en Eva (published: ca. 2.2.2019)

January – December 2018

• King Chilperic's 4 Letters and the Alphabet's Adaptation
• De 4 letters van koning Chilperic I en de aanpassing van het Frankenalfabet
• The Symbolism of Hair Braids and Bonnets in Magical Powers
• The Antipodes in PIE-Languages
• In het Dutch, German en English is de dualis nog lang niet uitgestorven
• In English, Dutch and German the dual form is still alive
• The Descendants of the Dual Form " Wit "
• A Structured Etymology for Germanic, Slavic and Romance Languages
• The “Rod”-Core in Slavic Etymology (published: ca. 27.11.2018)
• Encoding and decoding the runic alphabet
• Über die Evolution der Sprachen
• Over het ontwerpen van talen
• The Art of Designing Languages
• Notes to the usage of the Spanish words Nos and Vos, Nosotros and Vosotros
• Notes to the Dual Form and the Nous-Concept in the Inari Sami language
• Over het filosofische Nous-concept
• Notes to the Philosophical Nous-Concept
• The Common Root for European Religions (published: ca. 27.10.2018)
• A Scenario for the Medieval Christianization of a Pagan Culture
• Een scenario voor de middeleeuwse kerstening van een heidens volk
• The Role of the Slavic gods Rod and Vid in the Futhorc-alphabet
• The Unification of Medieval Europe
• The Divergence of Germanic Religions
• De correlatie tussen de dualis, Vut, Svantevit en de Sint-Vituskerken
• The Correlation between Dual Forms, Vut, Svantevit and the Saint Vitus Churches
• Die Rekonstruktion der Lage des Drususkanals (published: ca. 27.9.2018)
• Die Entzifferung der Symbolik einer Runenreihe
• Deciphering the Symbolism in Runic Alphabets
• The Sky-God, Adam and the Personal Pronouns
• Notities rond het boek Tiw (Published ca. 6.2.2018)
• Notes to the book TIW
• Von den Völkern, die nach dem Futhark benannt worden sind
• Designing an Alphabet for the Runes
• Die Wörter innerhalb der „Futhark“-Reihe
• The hidden Symbolism of European Alphabets
• Etymology, Religions and Myths
• The Symbolism of the Yampoos and Wampoos in Poe's “Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
from Nantucket”
• Notizen zu " Über den Dualis " und " Gesammelte sprachwissenschaftliche Schriften "
• Ϝut - Het Dutche sleutelwoord
• Concepts for the Dual Forms
• The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)
• Proceedings in the Ego-pronouns' Etymology
• Notities bij „De godsdiensten der volken“
• The Role of *Teiwaz and *Dyeus in Filosofy
• A Linguistic Control of Egotism
• The Design of the Futhark Alphabet
• An Architecture for the Runic Alphabets
• The Celtic Hair Bonnets (Published Jun 24, 2018)
• Die keltische Haarhauben
• De sculpturen van de Walterich-kapel te Murrhardt
• The rediscovery of a lost symbolism
• Het herontdekken van een vergeten symbolisme
• De god met de twee gezichten
• The 3-faced sculpture at Michael's Church in Forchtenberg
• Over de woorden en namen, die eeuwenlang bewaard gebleven zijn
• De zeven Planeten in zeven Brabantse plaatsnamen
• Analysis of the Futhorc-Header
• The Gods in the Days of the Week and inside the Futhor-alphabet
• Een reconstructie van de Dutche scheppingslegende
• The Symbolism in Roman Numerals
• The Keywords in the Alphabets Notes to the Futharc's Symbolism
• The Mechanisms for Depositing Loess in the Netherlands
• Over het ontstaan van de Halserug, de Heelwegen en Heilwegen in de windschaduw van de
Veluwe
• Investigations of the Rue d'Enfer-Markers in France
• Die Entwicklung des französischen Hellwegs ( " Rue d'Enfer "
• De oorsprong van de Heelwegen op de Halserug, bij Dinxperlo en Beltrum
• The Reconstruction of the Gothic Alphabet's Design
• Von der Entstehungsphase eines Hellwegs in Dinxperlo-Bocholt
• Over de etymologie van de Hel-namen (Heelweg, Hellweg, Helle..) in Nederland
• Recapitulatie van de projecten Ego-Pronomina, Futhark en Hellweg
• Over het ontstaan en de ondergang van het Futhark-alfabet
 • Die Etymologie der Wörter Hellweg, Heelweg, Rue d'Enfer, Rue de l'Enfer und Santerre
• The Etymology of the Words Hellweg, Rue d'Enfer and Santerre
• The Decoding of the Kylver Stone' Runes
• The Digamma-Joker of the Futhark
• The Kernel of the Futhorc Languages
• De kern van de Futhark-talen
• Der Kern der Futhark-Sprachen
• De symboolkern IE van het Dutch
• Notes to Guy Deutscher's "Through the Language Glass"
• Another Sight on the Unfolding of Language (Published 1 maart, 2018)

January – December 2017

• Notes to the Finnish linguistic symbolism of the sky-god's name and the days of the week
• A modified Swadesh List (Published 12 / 17 / 2017)
• A Paradise Made of Words
• The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Personal Pronouns
• The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism (Published 10 / 28 / 2017)
• The Role of the Dual Form in Symbolism and Linguistics (Oct 17, 2017)
• The Correlation between the Central European Loess Belt, the Hellweg-Markers and the
Main Isoglosses
• The Central Symbolic Core of Provencal Language (Oct 7, 2017)

December 2011
• The Hermetic Codex II - Bipolar Monotheism (Scribd)