Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) refers to educational initiatives that give

students the know-how and practical abilities required to pursue employment in

technical and vocational industries, such as construction, agriculture, hospitality, and
other trades. In order to prepare students for work in their chosen fields or for future
education in technical or vocational colleges, TVL programs often place a strong
emphasis on experiential learning and the development of practical skills. The purpose
of TVL programs is to aid students in developing marketable skills that can result in
stable employment and support the economic development of their local communities
and the nation as a whole.

Many nations around the world, especially developing nations where there is a
demand for qualified people in technical and vocational disciplines, favor technical-
vocational-livelihood (TVL) education. TVL programs are available in both formal and
non-formal educational contexts and range in complexity from fundamental vocational
training to advanced technical education. TVL education is regarded as a crucial route
in many nations for addressing skill shortages, lowering youth unemployment, and
fostering economic development. TVL programming can support social inclusion,
gender equality, and sustainable development, according to the United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Particularly in recent
years, the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) curriculum has gained considerable
popularity in the Philippines. TVL education has been incorporated into the senior high
school curriculum as one of the various strands with the adoption of the K–12
educational system. More over half (54.2%) of senior high school students in the
Philippines were enrolled in the TVL strand in 2020, per data from the Department of
Education (DepEd). This demonstrates how TVL education is becoming more and more
well-liked among students, who view it as a useful and pertinent option for their future
jobs. TVL education is provided in a variety of formats, including on-the-job training,
apprenticeship programs, technical institutions, and vocational schools. To standardize
and control TVL education across many regions and sectors, some nations have also
built national TVL systems. Overall, TVL education is a significant component of
education and training in many nations across the world, and as the demand for skilled
people in technical and vocational disciplines rises, its popularity is certain to expand.
One of the common issues affecting the TVL workshops is the lack of resources and
facilities. According to Hadji Abas and Masarigan (2020), the lack of laboratory
equipment, tools, and materials needed for practical activities is a significant challenge
facing the TVL program in the Philippines. As a result, students may not have enough
opportunities to develop the necessary skills and knowledge needed to succeed in their
chosen field. The TVL strand is the aspect of the Senior High School program that
exposes the learner to acquisition of demonstrable skills/competencies and values that
could be transformed into economic benefits (Brillantes et.al, 2019). It intends to provide
students with technical vocational training, skills, and academic know-how to prepare
them for the needs of the community and the global workplace through highly trained
competent teachers. Outputs are the end-product of educational inputs and process
those must be assessed based on objectives. Outputs is the product of educational
inputs and process measure the outputs in schools has been growing concern for
educators. The main outputs of and educator system is the students and the attributes
that the students may have developed throughout his education journey.

Mabunda (2017) The challenges of lack of sustainability of cooperatives : a

perspective of selected art and craft cooperatives of Muyexe Village in Greater Giyani
Municipality of Limpopo Province in South Africa – this study assumed that lacking of
sustainability will affect the country’s economic growth, the study's goal was to examine
the difficulties caused by a lack of sustainability, it is also similar to the current study
problem that focusing on the inadequate of workshops.