e king of Great Britain .

❖ 1714: George I became th

king of France.
❖ 1715: Louis XV became the
e W ar of th e Austrian Succession.
❖ 17 40 -1 74 8: Th
ars War.
❖ 1756-1763: The Seven Ye
er ica n De cla ra tio n of Independence.
❖ 1776: Th e Am
ion occurred.
❖ 1789: Th e French Revolut gan. .
Ita ly; Na po leo nic wa rs be
❖ 1797: Napoleon invaded ance.
ea ty of Pa ris: es ta bli sh ed a lenient peace with Fr
❖ 1814: Th e First Tr ttle m en t; Napoleon escaped from
n; the Vi en na Pe ac e Se
❖ 1814-1815: Fall of Napoleo s defeated at Waterloo.
ed a ne w ar my , bu t wa
Elba, gather
: Gr ee k st ru gg le fo r independence began.
❖ 18 21 Empire.
Gr ee ce ga in ed ind ep en dence from the Ottoman
❖ 1832:
established Young Italy.
❖ 1831: Gi us ep pe Mazzini
of Italy.
❖ 1859-1861: Th e Unification
of Vi ct or Em m an ue l II of Piedmont-Sardinia.
❖ 1849-1878: Th e reign ont.
Ca vo ur be ca m e th e premier of Sardinia-Piedm
❖ 1852: Ca m illo m on t annexed Lombardy.
ce defe at ed Au str ia; Pi ed
❖ 1859: Pi ed m on t and Fran m an ue l II of Piedmont-Sardinia
was announ ce d; Vi cto r Em
❖ 1861: Th e Ki ng do m of Italy ·
be ca m e kin g of Ita ly.
me.
an ce de cla re d wa r on Prussia , Italy annexed Ro
❖ 1870: Af te r Fr
n of Germany.
❖ 1866-1871: Th e Unificatio
88 8: Re ig n of Ki ng William I of Prussia.
❖ 1861 -1
cr ea te d th e No rth Ge rm an Confederation.
❖ 1867: Pr us sia
ia n War.
•!• 1870-1871: Fr an co -P ru ss an y an nexed Alsace and Lorrain
e.
re wa s fo rm ed ; Ge rm
❖ 1871: Th e G er m an Em pi
18 48.
❖ 1848: Th e Re vo lu tio ns of Ha bs bu rg and Ot to m an Em
pi re s.
ga th er ed fo rc e in th e
1 an~~ Sl av na tio na lis m